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2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案(17页word版)
2019届一轮复习人教版必修Unit1Great scientists单元学案 单元基础词汇语法过关复习 一、单句语法填空 1.The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the ________ (science) farming. 2.(2017年天津卷·阅读理解C)Who is responsible for the ________ (operate) of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. 3.Absorbed ________ painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 4.Our appetite for new products also contributes________ the problem. 5.That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride ________ from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives. 6.It may not be a great suggestion.But before a better one is put ________, we'll make do with it. 7.See, your computer has broken down again!It doesn't make sense ________ buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. 8.The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often________ (severe) criticized, never appears in it. 9.(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·阅读理解D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the ________ (challenge) faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 10.Only when Lily walked into the office ________ she realize that she had left the contract at home. 二、单句改错 1.(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·七选五型阅读理解)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put a blame on the alarm clock. ________________________________________________________________________ 2.I always have so many things to attend when I come back to the company after a trip abroad. ________________________________________________________________________ 3.Absorbing in the book she was reading, Mary didn't notice me approaching. ________________________________________________________________________ 4.(2017年天津卷·阅读表达)I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.Like those early days for Dad,I faced lots of rejection. ________________________________________________________________________ 5.He was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited Guilin. ________________________________________________________________________ 6.The teacher cured him his bad habits and he made great progress in English. ________________________________________________________________________ 7.Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed very loud music every day. ________________________________________________________________________ 8.In the company, pay increases are linked at performance. ________________________________________________________________________ 9.(2017年新课标Ⅰ卷·短文改错)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. ________________________________________________________________________ 10.There is no sense in force yourself to get what you don't want. ________________________________________________________________________ 三、完形填空 “Mom, you're always on the computer!” Laure complained. “No, I'm not,” I __1__. “Every day I come home from school you're working on the computer.” “Well, at least I'm here __2__ you!” My daughter was right.Day after day, in my home office, I would stare into space as my __3__ typed out the thoughts of a speaker or research completed for an article.It seemed that my work as a writer and speaker __4__ my fingers to the keyboard and my mind to valuable ideas.What Laure did not __5__ was that during her day away, I'd also be doing a lot of housework.It was only around three in the afternoon that I'd __6__ seat myself at my desk for a few __7__ moments of deep thought.Then she'd come from school. I was __8__ of myself on being available to my children.After all, I am a speaker on child behavior and parenting.But Laure's observation __9__ my heart.In her eyes, I must have been a mom who was __10__ but unapproachable.I wouldn't make such an image (形象) before her.My relationship with my children is more __11__ than any other work. “Laure,” I called, “come here a minute.” She wandered to my doorway.I had decided to have her __12__ me when I was too devoted to work.I wanted her to have the __13__ to let me know when she thought I was cold. After I explained my __14__ and the fact that I chose home office to be accessible to her and her sister, I offered Laure the following __15__. “Whenever you feel I'm ignoring you or you need my __16__, I want you to __17__ me,” I said.“Just come up and give me a little hug.That'll be our signal that you __18__ me.” Years later we still have that __19__ sign.I've become much more sensitive to my daughters' comings and goings.__20__ she always gives me a little hug to remind me of the real reason why I work at home. 1.A.thought B.refused C.defended D.agreed 2.A.for B.over C.against D.after 3.A.feet B.hands C.eyes D.ears 4.A.connected B.turned C.gave D.added 5.A.admit B.realize C.believe D.recognize 6.A.luckily B.gradually C.instantly D.finally 7.A.anxious B.precious C.busy D.rare 8.A.proud B.ashamed C.afraid D.scared 9.A.filled B.broke C.touched D.mended 10.A.suitable B.available C.acceptable D.reasonable 11.A.important B.funny C.obvious D.wonderful 12.A.warn B.persuade C.encourage D.remind 13.A.patience B.time C.power D.honor 14.A.pattern B.dream C.schedule D.choice 15.A.promise B.chance C.answer D.truth 16.A.help B.attention C.decision D.advice 17.A.hug B.shake C.kiss D.kick 18.A.miss B.hate C.need D.scold 19.A.unknown B.unexpected C.unfinished D.unspoken 20.A.And B.But C.Or D.Yet 四、语法填空 Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when 1.________ (choose) where and what to eat.This trend is one reason why the fast food restaurant McDonald's has struggled financially. McDonald's is one of the bestknown 2.________ (restaurant) in the U.S.and even around the world, 3.________ these days the company leaders are seeing numbers they probably do not like.In the last quarter of last year, McDonald's income dropped by about $300 million.The January earnings report brought more bad news.Worldwide sales dropped for the 4.________ (eight) month in a row and even more than expected. McDonald's is 5.________ (work) hard to get their customers back.In January, the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.The football game is the most watched TV event every year in the U.S.McDonald's has wanted 6.________ (reach) those viewers. Shake Shack is 7.________ new kind of restaurant becoming popular in the U.S.The restaurants are not “fast food”.They are known as “fast casual”.When McDonald's is struggling to get their customers back, Shake Shack is doing well 8.________ (financial).The New Yorkbased burger chain had a very 9.________ (success) IPO, or Initial Public Offerings, of shares at the end of January.10.________ its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $46 a share. Shake Shack's a quality hamburger.It's fast food, but not “fast food” food.Being part of the “fast casual” trend has helped Shake Shack. 五、七选五型阅读理解 Tips for summer reading Summer holds many of my strongest and most powerful reading memories.I remember sitting under a tree in the backyard as a child, reading Anne of Green Gables as the shadows crossed the grass.I remember sitting in the back seat of the car on a long family road trip, sharing joke books with my brother and sister and laughing until we cried.__1__ I want all kids to enjoy the fun of summer reading, because summer reading has secret power.__2__ Here are some ways to motivate kids for summer reading. Make children the curators(管理人)of their reading lives. Have students set summer reading goals for themselves.__3__ Students can act as “chief curators” of the blog in turn so that over the course of the summer each of them takes on the responsibility of replying to posts and highlighting a popular title. __4__ Taking “curiosity walks” is a fantastic way to bring informational text into a child's reading list.These walks also provide opportunities for authentic writing.Have children take an inspiration notebook on a class walk outside and write down anything they see that they would like to learn more about. Make reading more like summer camp. Let's combine reading with handson activities and make reading more like summer camp.We can take field trips to the library and search the shelves for books on a topic chosen out of a hat.__5__ Then they can bring that creation to share on the first days of school. A.It will set the stage for academic success. B.Bring the outdoors back into summer reading. C.Select some books and share them with your students. D.Set up a summer blog so you can all share recommendations. E.These memories became important stepping stones in my life. F.It is important to build and shape a strong reading life during school months. G.We can ask our students to create something in response to one of the books they've read. 能力检测答案 一、1.scientific 2.operation 3.in 4.to 5.apart 6.forward 7.to 8.severely 9.challenges 10.did 二、1.a→the 2.attend后加to 3.Absorbing→Absorbed 4.rejection→rejections 5.去掉for 6.him后加of 7.exposed后加to 8.at→to 9.goes→went 10.force→forcing 三、本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,主要讲述了作者在发现自己和孩子们之间的相处出了问题之后,如何平衡工作和家庭之间的关系的故事。 1.C 根据“No, I'm not...”可推知,作者并不承认女儿的说法,作者在为自己的行为进行辩解。defend辩解,辩白。故选C。 2.A 根据下文中的“__14__ and the fact that I chose home office to be accessible to her and her sister...”可知,作者选择在家工作是为了孩子们,故选A。 3.B 由“typed out”和下文中的“my fingers”呼应可知,是用手把想法转换成文字打出来,故选B。 4.A 句意:看起来作为作家和演说家的我就是要把自己的手指和键盘连接起来,把自己的思想和有价值的观点连接起来。connect...to...把……和……连接起来,符合语境。故选A。 5.B Laure没有意识到的是在她白天不在家的时候,作者也做了许多家务活。realize意识到。故选B。 6.D 根据上文中的“...I'd also be doing a lot of housework.”可知,作者一天在家里也会忙着做许多家务,因此在下午3点左右的时候才终于有空来工作。finally最终。故选D。 7.B 根据上文可知,作者要忙着做很多家务,因此用来工作的时间就弥足珍贵了。precious珍贵的。故选B。 8.A 作者为能够和孩子们在一起感到骄傲。proud骄傲的,自豪的。 9.C 根据下文作者的反思可知,Laure的观察触动了作者的心。touch触动,感动。故选C。 10.B 在Laure的眼里,作者肯定是一个能找得到但是难以接近的妈妈。上文“__8__ of myself on being available to my children”也是提示,故选B。 11.A 作者认为与孩子们的关系比任何其他的工作都重要。故选A。 12.D 作者决定让Laure在作者太专注于工作时提醒作者。下文“__20__ she always gives me a little hug to remind me of the real reason why I work at home.”也是线索,故选D。 13.C 由作者想让孩子提醒自己可知,她想赋予孩子这样的权力去让自己知道自己忽略她们了。have the power to do sth.有权力做某事。故选C。 14.C 根据上一段第二句“I had decided...”可推知,作者已经下定决心做一些改变,这属于计划的内容。schedule工作计划。故选C。 15.A 根据对下文的理解可知,作者是在给孩子做出承诺。promise承诺。故选A。 16.B 句意:无论什么时候你感觉我忽略了你或者你需要我的关注时,我想让你来拥抱我一下。与上文“I'm ignoring you”形成呼应,孩子需要作者的关注,故选B。 17.A 与下文“Just come up and give me a little hug.”呼应,故选A。 18.C 根据上文“...or you need my __16__...”的提示可知,孩子的拥抱提醒作者孩子们需要她,故选C。 19.D 句意:多年以后我们仍然沿用这种心照不宣的信号。unspoken心照不宣的,故选D。 20.A 句意:而且她总是给我一个小小的拥抱来提醒我在家工作的真正原因。根据上下文可知,此处表示逻辑上的顺承关系,故选A。 四、本文介绍了全球知名快餐品牌麦当劳在美国的业绩大不如前,而美国著名汉堡连锁品牌Shake Shack悄然走红的现象并分析了原因。 1.choosing 分析句子结构可知,choose与其逻辑主语Americans之间构成主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填choosing。 2.restaurants “one of+名词复数”是固定结构,意为“……之一”。故填restaurants。 3.but 句意:麦当劳是美国乃至全世界最著名的餐厅之一,但是,近来公司领导者们却看到了一些他们可能不会喜欢的数字。两个句子之间为转折关系,故用but。 4.eighth 由空格前的定冠词“the”可知,此处应用所给词的序数词形式。the eighth month意为“第八个月”。故填eighth。 5.working 由“助动词be+现在分词”构成现在进行时,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故填working。 6.to reach want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”,为固定搭配。 7.a a new kind of意为“一种新的……”。因为上文没有提到Shake Shack这种新式餐馆,此处是第一次提到,故用不定冠词a表示泛指。 8.financially 副词修饰动词is doing。 9.successful IPO是Initial Public Offerings的缩写,为专有名词,因此此处应用success的形容词形式修饰IPO。故填successful。 10.On 表示在具体的某一天应用介词on。 五、本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如何激起孩子夏季阅读的兴趣。 1.E “These memories”回指第一句中提到的memories,故选E。 2.A 此处应具体说明 secret power的内容,故选A。 3.D 该项中的“a summer blog”与下一句中的“the blog”可有效衔接起来,故选D。 4.B 由下文中提到的“bring informational text into a child's reading list”和“on a class walk outside”可知选B。 5.G 根据后一句中的“that creation”可知选G。 单元综合知识运用检测 第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) (2018·广东佛山模拟)Years ago, feeling tired and frustrated,I began to doubt whether teaching was worth it anymore.__41__, a ridiculous moment in class lit my way out of the darkness. I was teaching a chemistry lesson, and the students were__42__ about working with alcohol lamps.But a girl couldn't get her wick (灯芯) to burn. She was one of the kids who always seem to be the __43__ one picked for the team, who appeared to have__44__ that she could never be special. Normally I do not interfere with science projects, because__45__ can be part of the learning process.Yet this was simply a matter of faulty equipment;the wick was not as __46__ as it should have been.I needed to __47__. The girl had tears in her eyes, and I felt__48__ of myself for ever having felt like giving up. For that one moment, the only thing that__49__ to me was that this girl should have a successful experiment.She was going to go home that day with a __50__ on her face.I bent over her alcohol lamp, and with a long kitchen match tried to reach the wick.I was so __51__ to the match that I could feel the flame.Finally the wick caught fire, and I looked up triumphantly (得意扬扬地), __52__the smile on the girl's face. __53__, she took one look at me and began screaming in fear.I did not understand why the kids were all pointing at me__54__ I realized that the flame had lit my hair.Several kids ran to me and __55__at my head.Talk about a dream come true — they got to hit their teacher on the head and say they were__56__ her. A few minutes later, all was well and I watched the kids__57__ the experiment. I felt like an idiot, and yet for the first time in weeks, I felt how much I __58__ about teaching. I had tried hard to help someone; though not particularly well, but the __59__ was there. From that moment, I determined to always teach like my hair was__60__. 语篇解读:作者是一名化学老师,在过去的某段时间里,她开始厌倦教学。但一次化学实验课上发生的小事故让她重新燃起了对教学的热情。 41.A.Instantly B.Fortunately C.Hopefully D.Absolutely 解析:选B 上文提到作者开始感到疲惫和沮丧,并质疑教学的价值,下文提到班级里的荒唐时刻引导她走出了阴暗,这种转变对作者而言是幸运的。所以B项符合语境。 42.A.excited B.embarrassed C.skeptical D.particular 解析:选A 从下文“But a girl couldn't get her wick to burn”以及“the girl had tears in her eyes” 可知,学生对于使用酒精灯是非常兴奋的(excited),和后文小女孩无法点燃酒精灯急出眼泪形成对比。skeptical意为“怀疑的”。 43.A.first B.best C.last D.very 解析:选C 根据下文“she could never be special”可知女孩是那种总是最后一个(last)被选入队伍、文静内向的女生。 44.A.accepted B.denied C.declared D.hoped 解析:选A 句意:她似乎也接受了(accepted)她很普通的事实。 45.A.practice B.accidents C.inaccuracy D.failure 解析:选D 作者通常不干预学生的科学课程,因为失败(failure)也是学习过程的一部分。 46.A.dry B.big C.thick D.long 解析:选D 根据第四段“with a long kitchen match tried to reach the wick”得知小女孩酒精灯的灯芯没有本来该有的长度(long)。 47.A.step in B.step aside C.step up D.step down 解析:选A 根据上文“Normally I do not interfere with science projects”可知,作者一般不干预学生实验,但是小女孩实验失败是设备问题,所以作者感到应该干涉(step in)。step in 对应前文的interfere with。step aside意为“走到一边,从权威地位退下”;step up意为“增加,提高”;step down意为“辞职,下台”。 48.A.proud B.aware C.tired D.ashamed 解析:选D 小女孩急出了眼泪说明小女孩不想放弃,因此相比之下,作者对自己曾经想要放弃感到羞愧(ashamed)。 49.A.happened B.attended C.mattered D.related 解析:选C 句意:在那一刻,于我而言唯一重要(matter)的事就是让小女孩成功做成实验。 50.A.fear B.smile C.shame D.surprise 解析:选B 让小女孩成功做成实验,然后面带微笑(smile)回家。 51.A.accessible B.close C.low D.short 解析:选B 句意:我离火柴很近(close),甚至能感受到火焰。 52.A.expecting B.finding C.missing D.imagining 解析:选A 根据上文“the only thing that mattered to me was that this girl should have a successful experiment. She was going to go home that day with a smile”可知,当作者最终点燃酒精灯的时候,她得意扬扬地抬起头,期望(expecting)小女孩脸上露出微笑。 53.A.Rather B.Besides C.Still D.Instead 解析:选D 上文提到作者期望小女孩露出微笑,下文提到小女孩看着她,开始害怕地尖叫,可知与自己的预期相反(instead)。 54.A.as B.when C.until D.since 解析:选C 句意:直到(not ...until)我意识到火焰点着了我的头发我才明白为什么所有的学生都指着我。 55.A.looked B.shouted C.hit D.waved 解析:选C 根据下文“they got to hit their teacher on the head”可知几个孩子跑过来朝作者头部打过去(hit)。 56.A.helping B.cursing C.kidding D.amusing 解析:选A 句意:他们的梦想实现了——他们可以打老师的头还可以说是帮助老师(helping)。 57.A.beginning B.pausing C.continuing D.preparing 解析:选C 句意:几分钟过后,一切都正常了。我看着孩子们继续做(continuing)实验。 58.A.argued B.cared C.complained D.worried 解析:选B 根据转折副词yet可推断出整件事也给作者带来积极的影响,她发现自己很在意(care about)教学,和文章首段呼应。 59.A.strategy B.reason C.scheme D.effort 解析:选D 句意:我尽力去帮助别人,尽管不是特别理想,但是至少我努力(effort)了。strategy意为“战略”;scheme意为“方案,轨迹”。 60.A.on fire B.on end C.in sight D.in chaos 解析:选A 句意:从那刻起,我决定一直如头发着火般(on fire)热情地投入教学。一语双关,on fire既可以表示“着火”,又可以表示“充满热情”。on end意为“连续地”;in sight意为“被看到,在视力范围之内”;in chaos意为“混乱”。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) China's most famous wall may have been built to keep people away, but a new kind of wall is bringing people a lot __61__ (close)together. On January 29, hooks and hangers appeared on the side of a Qingdao building under the words: “If you need it, take it.” This “wall of __62__ (kind)”, the creation of local charity Chuangyi Workshop, __63__ (invite) passersby to leave their spare warm clothes and encourages those __64__ are in need to take them. “It is just like what you do at home.You hang your clothes when you get home. You take them down __65__ put them on when you go out,” said Wang Lei, director of Chuangyi Workshop.__66__ (inspire) by a similar plan in Iran, she put it into practice in China as the country experienced __67__ (it) coldest winter in decades. Wang and her colleagues receive lots of clothes from people, especially in winter. She __68__ (touch) by people's generosity. “Some of the clothing is almost new. I don't even have to wash my hands __69__ sorting it.” Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese __70__ (city).This simple way of helping people is now making a big difference to society. 语篇解读:一堵爱心墙拉近了人与人之间的距离,其宗旨为:捐出你用不着的东西,帮助那些需要的人。 61. closer 考查比较等级。句意:中国最著名的墙(长城)可能是用来抵御人而建造的,但一种新的墙正把人们的距离拉得更近。根据句意及空前的修饰语a lot可知,此处应用比较级。故填closer。 62.kindness 考查词性转换。句意:这堵“爱心墙”是当地慈善机构“创意工场”创造的,邀请路人留下他们闲置的暖和的衣服,并鼓励那些需要的人们拿走。设空处前为介词of,其后应用名词。故填kindness。 63.invites 考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。设空处和后面的encourages为并列谓语,主语为This “wall of kindness”,故此处应用第三人称单数形式。故填invites。 64.who 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,指代先行词those,指人,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导。 65.and 考查连词。取下来(take down)和穿上(put on)之间是并列关系,故用and连接。 66.Inspired 考查非谓语动词。句意:受伊朗的一个相似计划的启发,她把这个(想法)在中国付诸实践,而此时这个国家正在经历它数十年来最冷的冬季。句中已有谓语动词put,因此设空处用非谓语动词;inspire和其逻辑主语she之间是动宾关系,且空后的by引出了动作的发出者,故用过去分词表被动。故填Inspired。 67.its 考查代词。设空处在句中作定语修饰winter,表示“这个国家的”,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 68.is touched 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:她被人们的慷慨所感动。根据设空后的by 可知应用被动语态;结合上下文的时态,用一般现在时。故填is touched。 69.after 考查介词。句意:一些衣服几乎都是新的,我在整理完后甚至都不用洗手。空后的 it 指的是上文提到的clothing,根据句意,设空处表示“在……之后”。故填after。 70.cities 考查名词单复数。设空前有several“几个”修饰,所以应用名词的复数形式。故填cities。 Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) (2018·吉林长春模拟) Dear Lisa, I'm glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time. Besides, we often help our parents with the housework or farm work, that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work. Meanwhile, we take active part in social activities, such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children. We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities. Yours, Li Ming 答案:第一句:asked→asking 第二句:take→takes 第三句:that→which; 第二个we→they 第四句:在active前加an 第五句:went→go; rubbishes→rubbish 第六句:or→and; 去掉of 第七句:greatly→great 第二节:书面表达(满分25分) 假设你是李华,你的一位美国笔友Robert发E mail问及你高考后暑假的安排,请根据以下要点,写一封100词左右的邮件回复他, 可以适当增加细节。 要点:1.学开车; 2.参加英语培训课程; 3.游览名胜古迹。 注意:1.根据以上内容写一篇短文,不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 2.词数:100左右。开头已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Robert, How time flies! Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 参考范文: Dear Robert, How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory. What about you? As you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However,I intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school graduate in China. Then I will take some English courses to improve my English communication ability. After that, I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my horizon. That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK? Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua查看更多