2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（18页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（18页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1 Women of achievement单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 achievement  [əˈtʃi:vmənt] n.成就；功绩 ‎△Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 ‎ （法国民族女英雄）‎ ‎△Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白·弗赖伊 ‎（英国慈善家）‎ ‎△Quaker [ˈkweikə] n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 welfare ˈwelfeə] n. 福利；福利事业 project  [ˈprɔdʒekt]n.项目；工程；规划 institute  [ˈinstitju:t] n. 学会；学院；协会 ‎△China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 specialist  [ˈspeʃəlist] n. 专家；专业工作者 ‎△specialize [ˈspeʃəlaiz] vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 ‎△Jane Goodall 简·古道尔 ‎ (英国动物学家)‎ ‎△chimp [tʃimp] n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection  [kəˈnekʃən] n. 连接；关系 human [ˈhju:mən] being [ˈbi:iŋ]人类 ‎△Jody Williams 乔迪·威廉斯 ‎ （美国诺贝尔和平奖得者）‎ campaign [kæmˈpein] n. 运动；战役 ‎ vi. 作战；参加运动 ‎△landmine  [ˈlændmɑ:k] n. 地雷 organization  [ˌɔ:gənaiˈzeiʃən] n. 组织；机构；团体 ‎△Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园 ‎ (位于坦桑尼亚)‎ behave  [biˈheiv] vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour [biˈheiviə] (=behavior) 行 为；举止；习性 shade  [ʃeid] n. 荫；阴凉处 ‎ vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile [ˌwə:θˈwail] adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest  [nest] n. 巢；窝 bond  [bɔnd] n.联系关系；结合；纽带 observe [əbˈzə:v] vt.观察；观测，遵守 observation n. 观察；观测 childhood[ˈtʃaildhud] n.童年；幼年时代 outspoken [autˈspəukən] adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect [riˈspekt] vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue  [ˈɑ:gju:] vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument [ˈɑ:gju:mənt] n. 争论；争辩；争吵 entertainment [ˌentəˈteinmənt] n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 lead a … life 过着……的生活 crowd  [kraud] n. 人群；观众 ‎ vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海 inspire [inˈspaiə] vt.鼓舞；激发；启示 ‎△inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 support  [səˈpɔ:t] n. & vt. 支持；拥护 look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 refer  [riˈfə:] vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to 查阅；参考；谈到 audience [ˈɔ:diəns] n.观众；听众；读者 by chance [tʃɑ:ns] 碰巧；凑巧 come across  [əˈkrɔs] （偶然）遇见； 碰见 ‎△career  [kəˈriə] n. 事业；生涯 rate [reit] n. 比率；速度 sickness  [ˈsiknis] n. 疾病；恶心 intend [inˈtend] vt. 计划；打算 emergency [iˈmə:dʒənsi] n. 突发事件；紧急情况 generation  [ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən]n.一代；一辈 ‎△determination [diˌtə:miˈneiʃən] n. 决心；果断 kindness [ˈkaindnis] n. 仁慈；好意 considerate  [kənˈsidərit] adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅 deliver [diˈlivə] vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）‎ carry on 继续；坚持 modest  [ˈmɔdist] adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．他们花了两年时间建那座桥。(spend ...in doing)‎ They_spent_two_years_(in)_building_the_bridge.‎ ‎2．只有当我们再次研究了这些数据(data)的时候，我们才意识到犯了错。(“Only＋状语”位于句首的倒装)‎ Only_when_we_had_studied_the_data_again_did_we_realize_that_we_made_a_mistake.‎ ‎3．我突然想起我忘了锁门。(It hit/struck/occurred to sb. that ...)‎ It_hit/struck/occurred_to_me_that_I_had_forgotten_to_lock_the_door.‎ ‎4．他对顾客的态度不好。(behave)‎ He_behaved_badly_towards_the_customers.‎ ‎5．他们走了，留下我一个人坐在那里。(leave ... doing)‎ They_went_off_and_left_me_sitting_there_all_by_myself.‎ ‎6．这个计划值得再次讨论。(worthwhile)‎ It_is_worthwhile_to_discuss/discussing_the_plan_again.‎ ‎7．他们正在和同学争论这个问题的解决方法。(argue)‎ They_are_arguing_with_their_classmates_about_the_solution_to_the_problem.‎ ‎8．老师鼓励我们要做出更大努力。(inspire)‎ The_teacher_inspired_us_to_make_greater_efforts.‎ ‎9．我观察到一个陌生人进入了办公室。(observe)‎ I_observed_a_stranger_go_into_the_office.‎ ‎10．玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 (动名词作主语)‎ Playing_computer_games_is_a_waste_of_time.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 I used to be ashamed of my grandma. I know that's a __1__ thing to say, but it was true until today, so I have to __2__ it.‎ The __3__ started when my friend Katy found Grandma's false teeth floating in a glass on the bathroom sink. I was so used to seeing them that I __4__ took notice of them. But Katy shouted, laughing and __5__to talk to them. I had to get down on my knees and __6__ her to shut up so my grandma wouldn't __7__ and get hurt. ‎ After that happened, I __8__ there were a million things about Grandma that were embarrassing (令人窘迫)．‎ Once she took Jill and me out to Burger King. __9__ ordering our hamburgers welldone, she told the person behind the counter, “They'll have two Whoppers (巨无霸) welltodo.” Jill burst out laughing, but I almost __10__.‎ After a while, I started wishing I could __11__ Grandma in a closet. I even complained to my parents. Both my parents said ‎ I had to be careful not to make Grandma feel __12__ in our home.‎ Then last Wednesday, something happened that __13__ everything completely. My teacher told us to help find interesting old people and __14__ them about their __15__ for a big Oral History project. I was trying to think of someone when Angie pushed me gently.‎ ‎“Volunteer your grandmother，” she whispered. “She's __16__ and rich in experience.”‎ That was the last thing I ever thought Angie would say about my grandma.‎ This is how I ended up on __17__ today interviewing my own grandmother before the whole school assembly (集合). All my friends and teachers were listening to her __18__ she was a great heroine. I was __19__ of my grandma and hoped she would __20__ know that I had been ashamed of her. ‎ 语篇解读：文章讲述了我对奶奶的态度，一开始对她很不屑，后来在我朋友的鼓励下，我和奶奶的关系开始变得缓和。‎ ‎1．A.funny　　　　　　　　　 B．common C．terrible D．clear 解析：选C　根据第一句“I used to be ashamed of my grandma.”以及后文可知，作者过去对奶奶错误的看法或态度是一件羞于启齿的事情。funny“滑稽可笑的”；common“常见的”；clear“清晰的”。‎ ‎2．A.admit B．receive C．refuse D．show 解析：选A　虽然这种事情说出来不好，但却是一个事实，作者不得不承认。‎ ‎3．A.quarrel B．accident C．trouble D．adventure 解析：选C　后文所列举的例子，是作者认为由奶奶引起的麻烦事。另外后文没有出现作者与Katy争吵，故排除A；accident“事故”；adventure“冒险”。‎ ‎4．A.already B．always C．simply D．hardly 解析：选D　根据句意可知此处应为否定的语气。‎ ‎5．A.enjoying B．pretending C．imagining D．continuing 解析：选B　根据后文作者担心奶奶会听见受到伤害可以推断出Katy只是假装要宣扬这件事。‎ ‎6．A.warn B．demand C．advise D．beg 解析：选D　此处作者应为恳求的语气。‎ ‎7．A.mind B．hear C．see D．fall 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，此处指作者怕奶奶听见。‎ ‎8．A.expected B．declared C．realized D．doubted 解析：选C　 联系上下文可知，作者意识到奶奶会引起很多不愉快的事情。expect“盼望；期望”；declare“宣告；宣称”；doubt“怀疑”。‎ ‎9．A.Because of B．Except for C．Such as D．Instead of 解析：选D　根据常识可知，买汉堡包应该买已经做好的，而奶奶却让他们做一个“巨无霸”汉堡包。‎ ‎10．A.died B．cheered C．disappeared D．suffered 解析：选A　根据前文but 可知，作者的态度应与弟弟的态度相反，再结合作者对奶奶的态度可排除B项；disappear “消失”，不符合语意；suffer“受苦，遭受”；此处用die表示作者十分生气失望的心情。‎ ‎11．A.meet B．avoid C．arrange D．hide 解析：选D　作者希望把奶奶藏起来，不让奶奶出来引起麻烦。‎ ‎12．A.independent B．inconvenient C．unwelcome D．unfamiliar 解析：选C　inconvenient“不便利的，不方便的”，主语不能为人，故排除；结合语意可知父母不希望让奶奶感到在家里不受欢迎。‎ ‎13．A.changed B．finished C．stopped D．prepared 解析：选A　此处为本文的转折点，根据下文可知，作者对奶奶的看法发生了根本性的改变。finish“结束”；stop“停止”；prepare“准备”。‎ ‎14．A.interview B．report C．tell D．write 解析：选A　根据17空后面的interviewing可知答案。‎ ‎15．A.news B．lives C．advantages D．achievements 解析：选B　根据下文16空后面的“rich in experience”可知此处选lives“生活，经历”。‎ ‎16．A.free B．popular C．interesting D．embarrassing 解析：选C　根据14空前面的“My teacher told us to help find interesting old people ...”可知此处应选C。‎ ‎17．A.show B．stage C．duty D．time 解析：选B　作者在全体师生面前采访奶奶，让她讲述自己的经历应在舞台上。on show“在展览”；on duty“在值班”；on time“按时”。‎ ‎18．A.and then B．even if C．so that D．as if 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处应选as if“好像”。‎ ‎19．A.sure B．proud C．ashamed D．afraid 解析：选B　联系上文可知，作者对奶奶的看法已经转变。be proud of “对……感到自豪”；be sure of“确信”；be afraid of“害怕……”。‎ ‎20．A.never B．even C．still D．once 解析：选A　作者希望奶奶永远不会知道自己原来对她的看法，不让她因此受到伤害。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A ‎(2018·嘉兴一中高考适应性考试)Working well in a team requires full cooperation. It's an important skill for almost every employee to have. Your ability to do your job is dependent upon others getting your work done, and others depend on you to get their work done.‎ Communicate well. Lack of communication is one of the biggest reasons of a team's failure. Seek input from team members so they feel like a valuable part of the team. Communication establishes trust among team members. In addition, communicating well can help prevent and resolve conflict. Meet regularly to keep members involved and aware of your work progress. Post decisions where everyone in the team can see them.‎ Be flexible. In teamwork, priorities and responsibility can change instantly. Stay ready to shift focus. Training team members to be able to do parts of other team members' jobs can be a valuable part of teamwork; being flexible helps to build appreciation for all the parts of the team.‎ Meet deadlines. Work hard to ensure you meet established deadlines when you work in a team environment. Others are depending on your work. Negotiate timelines with your teammates at the start of a project. Doing so allows you to have a say in how work gets accomplished.‎ Establish accountability. All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the project. Although not every team needs a leader, teams require a formal way to ensure everyone does his part. Try using meetings to report on progress.‎ Celebrate accomplishments and encourage the team. Senior executives may not always recognize the importance of some team members' work. Share congratulations at team meetings and talk about whose work is invaluable in helping you get your work done.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了提高团队工作效率的方法和策略。‎ ‎1．What can you conclude from the first paragraph?‎ A．Working in a team means your work is separate.‎ B．Working in a team means your work is effective.‎ C．Being a member of a team means your work is independent.‎ D．Being a member of a team means your work is interdependent.　‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。根据文章第一段的最后一句可知，作为团队一员意味着分工合作、相互依赖，故选D。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “accountability” refer to in the fifth paragraph?‎ A．Success.　　　　　　　　 B．Responsibility.‎ C．Insurance. D．Community.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“All team members must be responsible for the success and failure of the ‎ project.”可知，团队工作中所有成员都要对项目的成功和失败负责，故可推知，此处应选B。‎ ‎3．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．How to Succeed in Communicating with Others B．How to Work Effectively in a Team Environment C．Ways to Work Well in Completing Projects D．Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Employees 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据本文的关键词“teamwork”并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是提高团队工作效率的方法和策略。故选B。‎ B ‎(2018·太原一模)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn't really done anything yet.‎ I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend's mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn't want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and ‎ I will never regret it.‎ Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others' presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.‎ In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的重要意义。‎ ‎4．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?‎ A．He built shelters for them.‎ B．He gave immediate first aid to them.‎ C．He came to stay with them.‎ D．He brought mental health professionals.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Heavy but warm.‎ B．A little sad but cosy.‎ C．Relaxing and delightful.‎ D．Very serious and unhappy.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However ...no means”和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．What has the author learned from his experience?‎ A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ B．Being present can make a big difference.‎ C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.‎ D．Being a volunteer can make one's life more significant.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly ...are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。‎ C Square foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew.It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional ‎ gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area.It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”．Each bed is 4’×4’(16 sq ft) (120cm×120cm,‎ ‎ 1.4m2)．The beds are separated by paths (小路)．These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots.The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths.This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧)．‎ Benefits of square foot gardening：‎ ‎·Much less work.Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.‎ ‎·Water savings.The loose ground holds the water better.This type of garden needs water less often than other methods.Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.Less water is wasted.‎ ‎·Very few weeds.The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.‎ ‎·Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed.Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space.Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了平方尺菜园的操作方法和益处。‎ ‎7．Why does square foot gardening become popular?‎ A．It makes full use of space.‎ B．It is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.‎ C．It provides more vegetables for people.‎ D．It produces vegetables of higher quality.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.”可知，平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。‎ ‎8．Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?‎ A．Because vegetables are grown in the squares.‎ B．Because you can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.‎ C．Because the smallest bed in it is only one square foot.‎ D．Because the places where vegetables are grown are too small.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.”可知正确答案。‎ ‎9．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Loose soil is good for plant growth.‎ B．Onions and carrots need more space.‎ C．Compacted soil is important to some plants.‎ D．Square foot gardening needs some heavy tools.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话和下文“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.”‎ 可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。‎ ‎10．Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?‎ A．Because weed killers are used.‎ B．Because weeds can't get sunlight.‎ C．Because weeds are short of water.‎ D．Because weeds have been removed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从Benefits of square foot gardening的第三条可知，蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光，因为见不到阳光，所以杂草很少。‎