2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4

2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修3Unit4Astronomy:the science of the stars单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 astronomy  [əˈstrɔnəmi] n. 天文学 ‎△astronomer n. 天文学家 ‎△solar  [ˈsəulə] adj. 太阳的；日光的 system  [ˈsistəm] n. 系统；体系；制度 solar system 太阳系 religion  [riˈlidʒən] n. 宗教；宗教信仰 theory [ˈθiəri] n. 学说；理论 ‎△Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸 atom [ˈætəm] n. 原子 billion [ˈbiljən] pron. & n. & adj ‎.<英>万亿；<美>十亿 globe  [gləub] n. 球体；地球仪；地球 ‎△global  [ˈgləubəl] adj. 全球性的；全 世界的 violent [ˈvaiələnt] adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 in time 及时；终于 carbon [ˈkɑ:bən] n. 碳 ‎ ‎△nitrogen  [ˈnaitrədʒən] n. 氮 ‎ ‎△vapour  [ˈveipə] n. 蒸气；水蒸气 atmosphere [ˈætməsfiə] n.大气层；气氛 unlike  [ˌʌnˈlaik] prep. 不同；不像 fundamental  [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] adj. 基本的；基础的 ‎△presence  [ˈprezəns] n. 出席；到场；存在 ‎△dissolve [diˈzɔlv] vt. & vi. 溶解；解散 harmful [ˈhɑ:mful] adj. 有害的 acid  [ˈæsid] n. 酸 chain [ˈtʃein] n. 链子；连锁；锁链 ‎△reaction  [riˈækʃən] n. 反应；回应 multiply  [ˈmʌltiplai]vi. & vt.乘；增加 oxygen  [ˈɔksidʒən] n. 氧 ‎△shellfish  ['ʃelfiʃ] n.水生有壳动物 ‎ ‎△amphibian  [æmˈfibiən] n. 两栖动物 ‎ ‎△reptile [ˈreptail] n. 爬行动物；爬虫 lay eggs 下蛋 ‎△dinosaur  [ˈdainəsɔ:] n. 恐龙 exist  [igˈzist] vi. 存在；生存 ‎△mammal [ˈmæməl] n. 哺乳动物 give birth to 产生；分娩 thus [ðʌs] adv. 因此；于是 in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 dioxide  [daiˈɔksaid] n. 二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ‎ prevent ... from 阻止；制止 puzzle  [ˈpʌzl] n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. （使）迷惑；（使）为难 biology [baiˈɔlədʒi] n. 生物学 biologist  [ˌbaiəˈlɔdʒikəl] n. 生物学家 gravity [ˈgræviti] n. 万有引力；重力 satellite  [ˈsætəlait]n.卫星；人造卫星 gentle  [ˈdʒentl] adj. 温和的；文雅的 ‎△geologist  [dʒi'ɔlədʒist] n.地质学家 physicist [ˈfizisist] n. 物理学家 block out 挡住（光线）‎ ‎△extinct [ikˈstiŋkt]adj.灭绝的；绝种的 climate  [ˈklaimit] n. 气候 ‎△comet  [ˈkɔmit] n. 慧星 crash  [kræʃ] vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎△Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿 ‎ （英国科学家）‎ ‎△Albert Einstein 艾伯特·爱因斯坦（德裔美国科学家）‎ ‎△Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬·霍金 ‎（英国科学家）‎ spaceship [ˈspeisˌʃip] n. 宇宙飞船 pull [pul]n. & vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力 ‎△lessen [ˈlesən] vi. & vt. 减少；减轻 cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 float  [fləut] vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮 n. 漂浮物 ‎ ‎△weightlessly  ['weitlis] adv. 失重地 ‎△cabin [ˈkæbin] n. 小屋；船舱 mass [mæs] n. 质量；团；块；大量；‎ ‎ <复>群众 ‎ now that 既然 ‎△get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 break out 突发；爆发 ‎△exhaust [igˈzɔ:st] vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 二、单元重要句式回顾:根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．他们要向公众表明，他们所做的工作重要而且必不可少。(make it clear)‎ They_want_to_make_it_clear_to_the_public_that_they_do_an_important_and_necessary_job.‎ ‎2．我们的学校是他们的两倍大。(倍数表达法)‎ ‎①Our_school_is_twice_as_big_as_theirs.‎ ‎②Our_school_is_twice_bigger_than_theirs.‎ ‎③Our_school_is_twice_the_size_of_theirs.‎ ‎3．你既然得到一次机会，不妨充分利用它。(now that)‎ Now_that_you've_got_a_chance,_you_might_as_well_make_full_use_of_it.‎ ‎4．我们是以一首英文歌开始我们的英语课的。(begin with)‎ We_begin_our_English_class_with_an_English_song.‎ ‎5．你无论怎样表扬他都不过分。(can't ... too ...)‎ You_cannot_praise_him_too_highly._‎ ‎6．昨晚他家里失火了。(break out)‎ A_fire_broke_out_in_his_house_last_night.‎ ‎7．我们必须阻止水被污染。(prevent ... from ...)‎ We_must_prevent_the_water_from_being_polluted.‎ ‎8．我想要知道的是谁解决了这个问题。(what)‎ What_I_want_to_know_is_who_has_solved_the_problem.‎ ‎9．当你处于困境时，你可以及时请求帮助。(in time)‎ When_you_are_in_trouble,_you_can_ask_for_help_in_time.‎ ‎10．他说的任何话你都不要相信。(whatever)‎ Don't_believe_whatever_he_says.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 My mother left me a lot of things — children's books, family photos, wonderful music and most importantly, the ability and desire to burst into song. In 1998, my mother was __1__ for a seat in the Alaska House of Representatives. When her opponent won, I was sort of __2__. ‎ A few weeks before, I got the call — the __3__ was back. Years earlier, when she was the age that I am now, she was __4__ with the terrible disease for the first time. In her usual manner, she took care of business, __5__ my offers to come home ‎ and help. This time it was __6__. It would march on through her bones, lungs, liver and __7__ brain, yet she kept singing, talking __8__ keeping people busy.‎ One __9__ told me, “I don't know how to __10__ it, Anne, we found cancer in every part of her body. I don't know how she keeps on going.” My mother was __11__. “I don't know why everyone is acting like I'm dying，” she __12__. However, she lived every single moment, right up until the one in which she died.‎ There are many days when I __13__ my mother — today was one of them. I thought of her when I was walking my dog and looking at the blossoms __14__ out all around me. I heard her saying, “Aren't you __15__ to have all these beautiful cherry blossoms ...” She loved __16__ and even though she had been gone 10 years, I can still __17__ her. But she isn't around to see what amazing kids I have. She would be so __18__ of them all. Still I know that I have to be thankful for having so many memories.‎ It was such a gift, this spring day, to have the __19__ of my mother. Every child __20__to have such a gift — the memory of a mother.‎ 语篇解读：虽然作者的母亲身患癌症，但是她对患病的态度及反应都是积极的。虽然作者的母亲已经去世好多年了，但作者还是非常想念她，还能感受到她的存在。‎ ‎1．A.caring　　　　　　　　 B．running C．waiting D．longing 解析：选B　此处的run的意思是竞选。在1998年，母亲参加竞选阿拉斯加众议院的一个席位。‎ ‎2．A.ashamed B．relieved C．surprised D．disappointed 解析：选B　母亲没有竞选上使作者松了一口气。因为她已经知道母亲的癌症已经复发了。她也希望母亲不要被选上。‎ ‎3．A.cancer B．difficulty C．news D．ambition 解析：选A　根据后文可以知道，母亲的癌症复发了。‎ ‎4．A.covered B．equipped C．connected D．diagnosed 解析：选D　be diagnosed with“被诊断出”。‎ ‎5．A.applying B．enjoying C．refusing D．forcing 解析：选C　虽然母亲被诊断出癌症，但是她还是在做自己的事业，拒绝我提出的回家帮忙的建议。‎ ‎6．A.constant B．different C．valid D．stable 解析：选B　这次癌症的复发比之前的还要严重，跟上一次完全不一样(different)。‎ ‎7．A.finally B．fluently C．silently D．slightly 解析：选A　这里描述了这次癌症复发会到骨头、肺、肝脏，最后会到大脑。‎ ‎8．A.and B．but C．or D．so 解析：选A　但是虽然是这样，母亲还是和平时一样，继续唱歌、说话和让大家忙碌。‎ ‎9．A.chemist B．doctor C．friend D．visitor 解析：选B　因为后面讲到的是母亲的病情，因此根据上下文可知，此处只能是医生。‎ ‎10．A.explain B．deny C．prove D．change 解析：选A　医生说他不知道怎么跟我解释，癌症已经扩散到了母亲的全身，但母亲还是表现得跟以前一样。‎ ‎11．A.moved B．annoyed C．scared D．excited 解析：选B　母亲对于大家对她的态度和做法感到有点生气(annoyed)。‎ ‎12．A.apologized B．complained C．charged D．approved 解析：选B　母亲说大家对待她就像是对待一个垂死之人，说话的语气是抱怨的。‎ ‎13．A.treat B．support C．miss D．blame 解析：选C　母亲去世之后，作者非常想念她。‎ ‎14．A.coming B．setting C．breaking D．turning 解析：选A　come out“开花”。这里指作者看到花园里盛开的花，想到了母亲以前对她说的话。‎ ‎15．A.upset B．lucky C．greedy D．generous 解析：选B　能够看到拥有这么漂亮的花，真是幸运。‎ ‎16．A.winter B．autumn C．summer D．spring 解析：选D　从最后一段可知，现在是春天，母亲喜欢的季节。‎ ‎17．A.see B．feel C．touch D．smell 解析：选B　虽然母亲已经去世10年了，但是作者还是能感受得到她。‎ ‎18．A.afraid B．proud C．jealous D．aware 解析：选B　母亲看到这些孩子们，一定会为他们感到骄傲。‎ ‎19．A.choice B．wealth C．memory D．practice 解析：选C　作者发表感触，在春天的这样一个日子里，能够有对母亲的记忆真是一件礼物。‎ ‎20．A.aims B．agrees C．deserves D．happens 解析：选C　每个孩子都理应有这样的一份礼物，就是有对母亲的回忆。‎ 二、阅读理解提速训练 Nothing succeeds like success, as every parent of a ‎ straightA student knows, but trying to highlight academic excellence by telling your child, “You're so smart，” may be counterproductive (适得其反的)．Telling kids they're smart strengthens the idea that intelligence is a genetic gift rather than a skill that can be developed.‎ In a recent study, researchers at Michigan State University looked at 123 children who were about 7.The team assessed the children to determine whether they had a “growth mindset (思维模式)” (believing that you can work harder to get smarter), or a “fixed mindset” (believing that your intelligence is unable to change)．They then asked the children to complete a fastpaced computer accuracy task while their brain activity was recorded.In the task, children played a game, helping a zookeeper capture escaped animals by pressing the space bar when an animal showed up on their screen — unless it was a group of three chimps.During the recording, researchers noted that brain activity spiked within a halfsecond after making a mistake, as children became aware of their error and paid closer attention to what went wrong.The larger the brain response was, the more the children focused on the error.‎ Based on the data they collected, the researchers concluded that children with a “growth mindset” were much more likely to have a larger brain response after making a mistake, and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying ‎ closer attention to the task after making an error.‎ For parents, the lessons are clear: don't pay compliments (赞扬) that suggest that intelligence is fixed.If a child hands you an A＋ test paper, don't say, “You're so smart！” Instead say, “Wow, that studying really paid off！” Note the effort, not the intelligence.Second, focus on using errors to work together and learn.“Many parents and teachers shy away from addressing a child's mistakes, telling them ‘It's OK.You'll get it next time.’ without giving them the opportunity to figure out what went wrong，” Dr.Schroder says.Here are additional ways you can help enhance your child's education.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讨论了家长如何应对孩子的成就，尤其是不要对孩子说“你真聪明！”。‎ ‎1．What can we learn about children's mindset from the study?‎ A．Children are born with a fixed or growth mindset.‎ B．Children with a fixed mindset pay no attention to mistakes.‎ C．Children with a growth mindset are more likely to make progress.‎ D．Children with a growth mindset can catch more animals in the game.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容尤其是“and in turn were more likely to improve their performance by paying closer attention to the task after making an error”‎ 可知，具备成长式思维模式的孩子更容易进步，故选C。‎ ‎2．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “spiked” in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Started.　　　　　 B．Stopped.‎ C．Paused. D．Rose.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句及最后一句“The larger the brain response was, the more the children focused on the error.”可推知，画线词表示“激增”，故选D。‎ ‎3．What should parents say to children's performance according to the passage?‎ A．“You are so clever！”for excellence.‎ B．“It's not good enough.” for excellence.‎ C．“You can benefit from it.” for a mistake.‎ D．“It's OK.Forget about it.” for a mistake.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“Second, focus on using errors to work together and learn”可知，孩子在犯错时，家长应该鼓励其从错误中学习，并有所改进，故选C。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Never Call Your Kid Smart B．Always Be Strict with Your Kid C．How to Communicate with Your Kid D．How to Comment on Your Kid's Performance 解析：选A　标题归纳题。第一段第一句“Nothing succeeds like success ... may be counterproductive (适得其反的)．”‎ 开篇点题，再结合本文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讨论的是家长在应对孩子的成就时，不要说“你真聪明！”，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 My father used to be an amateur wrestler and national champion.He was forced by his father to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldn't be able to win a medal for our country.Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would realize his unfinished dream. __1__‎ He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys accidentally in response to critical comments.My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us.__2__ We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.‎ ‎__3__ We complained about him all the time.Gradually, I realized that he wanted us to have a good future and not grow up to be ordinary housewives.Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.‎ With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in the National Sports Academy, where pride and agony fulfilled my mind.__4__ As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level.After that, I turned to him for help.Then he coached me patiently.‎ Despite difficulty, I finally became the first Indian ‎ female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics, inspiring dozens of Indian women to take to wrestling.Even now, Papa's words are still in my mind “Geeta, think about all the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys, girls who are forced to do chores, girls who are married and have children.Not only will you compete with other countries, but also with those who look down upon women！” I will never forget about father's instruction.__5__‎ A．But his methods were cruel.‎ B．I almost abandoned what Papa had taught me.‎ C．Disappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.‎ D．My sister and I tried to escape.‎ E．I will always owe all success to him.‎ F．At first, my sister and I did not understand our father.‎ G．However, my mother didn't agree with him.‎ 语篇解读：“我”的爸爸曾经是业余的摔跤运动员和全国冠军，但被迫放弃了摔跤，他把所有的希望寄托在未出生的儿子身上，但是“我”的妈妈生的都是女孩。一天爸爸发现了“我”和妹妹身上的摔跤天赋，并开始对我们进行严格训练，最终“我”成为印度第一位取得参加奥运会资格的女子摔跤运动员。‎ ‎1．选C　根据空处前一句“Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would realize his unfinished dream.”可知，他要让他未出生的儿子实现他未完成的梦；结合第二段第一句“He was about to give up hope when one day ...comments.”‎ 可知，他几乎放弃了希望；据此可以判断，“我”的妈妈生的都是女孩，所以父亲很失望，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎2．选A　根据空处后一句“We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.”可知，我们在清晨便要参加训练，必须剪成短发；据此可以判断，父亲的训练方法很残酷，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎3．选F　本段讲述了我们对于爸爸残酷的训练方式从不情愿到接受的心态的变化；根据空处后一句“We complained about him all the time.”可知，我们开始对父亲是抱怨、不理解的。故选F项。‎ ‎4．选B　根据空处后一句“As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level.”和下文中的“After that, I turned to him for help.”可知，“我”在国际水平的比赛中总是失败，而上文中讲的却是“我”不断胜利，拿到冠军；由此可知“我”摒弃了爸爸教给“我”的方法，结果在每一场国际水平的比赛中“我”都输了，故选B项。‎ ‎5．选E　本段叙述了爸爸的话，结合空处前一句“I will never forget about father's instruction”可知，“我”不会忘记爸爸的教导，并从全文来看，“我”的成功与爸爸是分不开的。故选E项。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2018·太原市模拟)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn't usually ‎ do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.‎ Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn't even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it's __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了作者的一次生活经历，启迪读者：给予和索取是相互的。‎ ‎1．when　hardly ...when ...意为“一……就……”，为固定用法，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．to　say hello to sb.意为“向某人问好”，故填介词to。‎ ‎3．surprised　此处是过去分词作形容词，在句子中作表语，修饰人。‎ ‎4．strangers　根据语境可知，此处表示“陌生人”，应用名词形式stranger，又因stranger是可数名词，故用复数形式。‎ ‎5．unusual　根据“at least that was what I understood”可推知，老人说的方言很不同寻常。‎ ‎6．a　固定搭配a handful of意为“一把……”，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎7．explaining　explain和主句谓语动词之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且和句子主语he之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式explaining。‎ ‎8．had not done　根据“I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空处表示对过去情况的假设，故用过去完成时；此处表示“如果我没有那样做，我将永远不会品尝到这些好吃的樱桃”，应用否定形式。‎ ‎9．which　分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作had的宾语。定语从句的先行词为cherries。‎ ‎10．generally　修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally。‎ 应用文写作 ‎ 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter沉溺于网络游戏不能自拔，甚至不听父母劝阻想要离家出走。请你根据以下要点提示，写信劝他放弃这个想法。‎ ‎1．网瘾的危害；‎ ‎2．要尊重父母并道歉；‎ ‎3．建议他管理好自己的时间。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Peter, ‎ I'm very sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.‎ I think it's unwise to make such a decision. Addicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your valuable time but also hurting the feelings of your parents. Your parents love you so much that they are trying every effort to make your life better. Therefore, wouldn't it be reasonable for you to respect them, have a talk with them and apologize? Meanwhile, you should manage your time more wisely and find some meaningful ways to spend your free time.‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua