上海市2020届高三下学期开学摸底测试英语试题 Word版含解析

上海市2020届高三下学期开学摸底测试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com ‎2019-2020上海市高三下英语开学摸底测试 I. Listening Comprehension II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Brain implant lets man with paralysis move and feel with his hand A brain implant has restored movement and a sense of touch in the hand of a man with a severe spinal cord injury.‎ Patrick Ganzer at Battelle Memorial Institute in the US and his colleagues have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that ___1___ (allow) 28-year-old Ian Burkhart to grasp and feel objects again.‎ Burkhart has a severe upper spinal cord injury and has complete paralysis in his hands and legs, ___2___ can move his elbows and shoulders. He had a brain implant inserted in 2014 as part of research aiming to restore movement in ___3___ right arm.‎ The BCI uses the implant ___4___ (record) brain activity that is sent to a processor that decodes these signals into movements, which in turn feed in to bands around the forearm which electrically activate his hand muscles.‎ ‎“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last six years: he can play [the video game] Guitar Hero, swipe a credit card and do about 20 different hand grips,” says Ganzer.‎ But because Burkhart had no sensation in his hands, he previously had no sense of touch or pressure when ___5___ (grasp) objects, and if blindfolded, was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil.‎ The researchers discovered that ___6___ Burkhart’s hand cannot feel anything, the brain implant stills registers a faint sensory signal when he touches an object.‎ They boosted this signal by incorporating a band around the bicep which vibrates when Burkhart’s hand receives sensory information.‎ - 27 -‎ As a result, Burkhart is able to detect objects by touch alone. The BCI is also able to detect different levels of touch and adjust the strength of Burkhart’s hand movements depending on the object – a light grasp, for example, for a paper cup.‎ The researchers believe it is the first BCI ___7___ can simultaneously restore movement and touch.‎ When the brain implant was inserted, it ___8___ (intend) solely for controlling movement, but the ___9___ (add) touch is possible because there is some overlap ____10____ the sensory and motor areas in Burkhart’s brain, says Ganzer.‎ ‎【答案】1. has allowed ‎ ‎2. but 3. his ‎ ‎4. to record ‎ ‎5. grasping ‎ ‎6. (al)though ‎ ‎7. that 8. was intended ‎ ‎9. added 10. between ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一名28岁严重脊髓损伤的男子Ian Burkhart的大脑植入物恢复了他的运动能力和手的触觉。文章说明了为了达到这一目的研究人员所采取的努力。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：美国巴特尔纪念研究所的Patrick Ganzer和他的同事开发了一种脑机接口（BCI），使28岁的Ian Burkhart能够再次抓住并触摸物体。此处强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语为a brain-computer interface (BCI)，助动词用has。故填has allowed。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：Burkhart的上段脊髓严重受伤，手和腿完全瘫痪，但肘部和肩膀可以活动。结合上下文语境可知为转折关系，故用连词but。故填but。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查代词。修饰后文right arm，应用形容词性物主代词his，表示“他的右臂”。故填his。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。根据短语use sth. to do - 27 -‎ ‎ sth.表示“用某物做某事”，后跟不定式。故填to record。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。从句完整为when (he was) grasping objects, and if blindfolded, was not able to detect small objects such as a pencil。故填grasping。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：研究人员发现，尽管Burkhart的手感觉不到任何东西，但当他触摸物体时，大脑植入物仍然会记录微弱的感觉信号。此处为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”可用although或though引导。故填(al)though。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句修饰先行词BCI，且先行词在被序数词the first修饰在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词that。故填that。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查动词时态及语态。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文When the brain implant was inserted可知为一般过去时，主语为it，谓语动词用单数。故填was intended。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，add在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语touch构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填added。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查介词。根据短语between…and…表示“在……之间”。故填between。‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ AI can distinguish between bots and humans based on Twitter activity Artificial intelligence is being used to spot the difference between human users and fake accounts on Twitter.‎ - 27 -‎ Emilio Ferrara at the University of Southern California in the US, and his colleagues have trained an AI to detect bots on Twitter based on differences in ___11___ of activity between real and fake accounts.‎ The team analysed two separate datasets of Twitter users, which had been classified either manually or by a pre-existing algorithm as either bot or human.‎ The manually verified dataset ___12___ of 8.4 million tweets from 3500 human accounts, and 3.4 million tweets from 5000 bots.‎ The researchers found that human users replied four to five times more often to other tweets than bots did. Real users gradually become more interactive, with the fraction of replies increasing over the course of an hour-long session of Twitter use.‎ The length of tweets by human users also decreased as sessions ___13___. “The amount of information that is exchanged diminishes,” says Ferrara. He believes that the change may result from a cognitive depletion over time, in which people become less likely to expend mental effort___14___ original content.‎ Bots, on the other hand, show no changes in their interactivity or the length of information they tweet over time.‎ The team also analysed the amount of time between any two consecutive (连读的) tweets from a single user. When this ___15___ is plotted, bots showed spikes for certain time gaps, such as tweeting at 30-minute or 60-minute intervals.‎ The team then combined these ___16___ to train an existing bot-detection algorithm, called Botometer, on the difference in activity patterns. The AI was ___17___ more likely to accurately detect to fake accounts than when it was not taking into ___18___ the timing of posts.‎ The algorithm could be used to ___19___ other bot-detection tools that analyse the language within posts, says Ferrara.‎ One of the study’s ____20____ is that the Twitter data the team analysed is from three years ago. In that time, it’s possible that bots have become more human-like in their activity patterns.‎ ‎【答案】11. E 12. A ‎ - 27 -‎ ‎13. H 14. B ‎ ‎15. I 16. C ‎ ‎17. J 18. D ‎ ‎19. K 20. F ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能正被用来识别人类用户和Twitter上虚假账户之间的区别。文章还说明了人工智能发现虚假账户的方式以及其局限性。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：美国南加州大学的Emilio Ferrara和他的同事们训练了一种人工智能，能根据真实账户和虚假账户之间活动模式的差异来检测Twitter上的机器人。根据倒数第三段中on the difference in activity patterns可知，人工智能能根据真实账户和虚假账户之间活动模式的差异来检测Twitter上的机器人。故填patterns。故选E。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：手动验证的数据集包括来自3500个人类账户的840万条tweet，以及来自5000个机器人的340万条tweet。结合句意表示“包括”短语为consist of，且此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填consisted。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：随着会话的进行，人类用户发出的tweet的长度也在减少。结合句意表示“进行”应用动词progress，且分析句子结构可知，progress在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语sessions构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填progressed。故选H。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：他认为，这种变化可能是由于随着时间的推移，人们的认知能力耗竭，人们不太可能花精力创作原创内容。结合句意表示“创作”动词为compose，且分析句子结构可知，compose在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填composing。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：当这个分布被绘制出来时，机器人会在特定的时间间隔内显示峰值，比如每隔30分钟或60分钟发一次推特。结合句意表示“分布”且做从句的主语，应用名词distribution，且根据后文is可知，应填单数名词。故填distribution。故选I。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ - 27 -‎ 考查名词。句意：然后，研究小组将这些措施结合起来，对一种名为Botometer的现有机器人检测算法进行训练，了解活动模式的差异。结合句意表示“措施”且做宾语，应用名词measure，且根据上文these可知，应用复数形式。故填measures。故选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：与不考虑发布时间的情况相比，人工智明显更有可能准确发现虚假账户。根据句意表示“明显”且修饰形容词likely，应用副词significantly。故填significantly。故选J。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：与不考虑发布时间的情况相比，人工智明显更有可能准确发现虚假账户。结合句意表示“考虑”短语为take into account。故填account。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：Ferrara说，这个算法可以用来补充其他分析帖子语言的机器人检测工具。结合句意表示“补充”动词为complement，且根据上文be used to do sth.表示“被用来做……”，后跟不定式。故填complement。故选K。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这项研究的局限性之一是，研究小组分析的推特数据来自三年前。根据the study’s为名词所有格形式可知应填名词limitation，且结合上文One of后跟名词复数形式可知，应填名词复数形式。故填limitations。故选F。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ It was “college colours” day at an elementary school in Altamonte Springs, Florida, on August 30. One of Laura Snyder’s fourth-grade students Billy wore an orange T-shirt ___21___ his favourite school, the University of Tennessee.‎ Billy was so excited to show Snyder his shirt. She was ___22___ that he took it one step further to make his own label and he drew his own UT logo with pen and paper and ___23___ it to his shirt.‎ But after lunch, Billy came back to Snyder’s room crying. Some girls at the lunch ‎ - 27 -‎ table next to Billy’s had made fun of the ___24___ on his shirt. Billy was depressed. Snyder knew kids can be ___25___. She was aware that the label was not the fanciest one, but this kid used the resources he had ___26___ to him to participate in the activity.‎ In an effort to ___27___ him up, Snyder planned to buy him a University of Tennessee shirt. She asked on the Facebook if anyone out there had any ___28___ at the university to make it a little extra special for Billy.‎ What happened next completely ___29___ her. Her post spread rapidly on Facebook, eventually reaching University of Tennessee fans and then the university itself. The university ____30____ by sending Billy a package of UT souvenirs for him and his classmates.‎ ‎“I’m not even sure I can put into words his ____31____. It was so heart-warming,” Snyder wrote in an ____32____ to her post. “Billy was so amazed at all the goodies in the box. He proudly put on the jersey (运动衫) and one of the many hats in the box. All who saw applauded for him.”‎ But then things got even better.‎ The university’s official shop ____33____ on September 5 that it decided to take Billy’s handmade logo and turn it into an actual shirt. And some of the money will be donated to an anti-bullying (反欺凌) organization.‎ ‎“When I told him that his design was being made into a real shirt and people wanted to wear it, his jaw ____34____,” Snyder wrote. “He had a big smile on his face, walked taller, and I could tell his ____35____ grew today! Thank you to the UT Nation for that!”‎ Billy’s mother wrote a letter of gratitude that Snyder posted. It said, in part, “I can tell you that I spent a lot of my day reading all the kind words in support of my son and I’m touched beyond words,” she wrote.‎ ‎21. A. appreciating B. representing C. admiring D. picturing ‎22. A. reminded B. convinced C. impressed D. satisfied - 27 -‎ ‎23. A. attached B. wore C. turned D. printed ‎24. A. brand B. sign C. colour D. sample ‎25. A. strange B. stupid C. cruel D. selfish ‎26. A. sustainable B. typical C. available D. convenient ‎27. A. cheer B. trip C. team D. pick ‎28. A. exchange B. contact C. suggestion D. knowledge ‎29. A. froze B. posed C. blinded D. floored ‎30. A. acknowledged B. greeted C. responded D. permitted ‎31. A. reaction B. improvement C. behaviour D. attitude ‎32 A. email B. address C. interview D. update ‎33. A. advertised B. explained C. promised D. announced ‎34. A. changed B. dropped C. ached D. closed ‎35. A. confidence B. expectation C. responsibility D. reputation ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了四年级学生Billy因为喜欢田纳西大学，于是钢笔和纸画了自己的UT标志，并把它贴在自己的衬衫上，却得到了其他人的嘲笑。Billy非常沮丧，而他的老师Snyder为了让他高兴起来，打算给他买一件田纳西大学的衬衫并在Facebook上寻找大学的联系方式，最后大学看到了这个帖子给Billy寄去了纪念品，还决定用他画的标志变成一件真正的衬衫。Billy也因此找回了自信的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Laura Snyder的一个四年级学生Billy穿着一件代表他最喜欢的学校——田纳西大学的橙色T恤。A. appreciating欣赏；B. representing代表；C.‎ - 27 -‎ ‎ admiring钦佩；D. picturing描绘。结合后文his favourite school, the University of Tennessee.可知，Billy的T恤代表了他最喜欢的学校。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令她印象深刻的是，他更进一步，制作了自己的标签，他用钢笔和纸画了自己的UT标志，并把它贴在自己的衬衫上。A. reminded被提醒的；B. convinced确信的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. satisfied满意的。根据后文he took it one step further to make his own label and he drew his own UT logo with pen and paper可知，Billy制作了自己的标签，他用钢笔和纸画了自己的UT标志，并把它贴在自己的衬衫上，这让Snyder印象深刻。其它选项不符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令她印象深刻的是，他更进一步，制作了自己的品牌，他用钢笔和纸画了自己的UT标志，并把它贴在自己的衬衫上。A. attached附上；B. wore穿；C. turned转弯；D. printed印刷。根据后文it to his shirt可知，Billy把自己制作的标签贴到了衬衫上。短语attach to“添加，把……放在”。故选A。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Billy旁边的午餐桌上，有些女孩取笑他衬衫上的标志。A. brand品牌；B. sign标志；C. colour颜色；D. sample样品。根据第二段中make his own label可知，女孩取笑他衬衫上的标志。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Snyder知道孩子会很残忍。A. strange奇怪的；B. stupid愚蠢的；C. cruel残忍，残酷的；D. selfish自私的。Billy被一些女孩无情地嘲笑，因此孩子有时是很残忍的。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道这个标签并不是最好的，但是这个孩子利用他所能获得的资源参加了这个活动。A. sustainable可持续的；B. typical典型的；C. available可获得的；D. convenient方便的。Billy用纸笔描绘了衬衫，这是他能获得的所有资源了。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让他振作起来，Snyder打算给他买一件田纳西大学的衬衫。A. cheer欢呼；B. trip旅行；C. team队伍；D. pick选择。根据上文Billy was - 27 -‎ ‎ depressed.可知，Snyder为了让Billy振作起来。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在Facebook上问是否有人有大学的联系方式，让这对Billy来说有点特别。A. exchange交换；B. contact联系方式；C. suggestion建议；D. knowledge知识。结合上文Snyder planned to buy him a University of Tennessee shirt可知，Snyder想买田纳西大学的衬衫，因此在Facebook上问是否有人有大学的联系方式。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来发生的事使她完全震惊了。A. froze冻结；B. posed形成；C. blinded使失明；D. floored使惊奇。结合后文大学给Billy和他的同学寄了一包UT纪念品，可知接下来发生的事让Snyder感到很震惊。floor此处为熟词僻义，表示“使……吃惊”。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为回应，学校给Billy和他的同学寄了一包UT纪念品。A. acknowledged承认；B. greeted打招呼；C. responded回应，回答；D. permitted允许。根据上文Her post spread rapidly on Facebook, eventually reaching University of Tennessee fans and then the university itself.可知田纳西大学给Billy和他的同学寄了一包UT纪念品，作为回应Snyder的帖子。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我甚至不知道我能否用言语表达他的反应。这是如此的暖心，”Snyder在她的帖子更新中写道。A. reaction反应；B. improvement改进；C. behaviour行为；D. attitude态度。上文提到了大学给Billy和同学寄去了纪念品，因此此处Snyder是在说明Billy的反应无法用言语表达。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我甚至不知道我能否用言语表达他的反应。这是如此的暖心，”Snyder在她的帖子更新中写道。A. email电子邮件；B. address地址；C. interview采访；D. update更新。上文中Snyder描述Billy收到东西的反应，可知此处是Snyder在她的帖子更新中写道。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：9月5日，该大学的官方商店宣布，他们决定将Billy的手工商标变成一件真正的衬衫。A. advertised打广告；B. explained解释；C. promised承诺；D.‎ - 27 -‎ ‎ announced宣布。根据后文it decided to take Billy’s handmade logo and turn it into an actual shirt.可知，大学的官方商店宣布，他们决定将Billy的手工商标变成一件真正的衬衫。故选D。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我告诉他，他的设计正被制成一件真正的衬衫，人们想穿它时，他大吃一惊，” Snyder写道。A. changed改变；B. dropped落下；C. ached疼痛；D. closed靠近。此处为固定用法one’s jaw drop表示“目瞪口呆”。故选B。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上有一个大大的微笑，走路也抬头挺胸了，我可以看出他今天的信心增加了！A. confidence自信；B. expectation期待；C. responsibility责任；D. reputation名誉。根据上文He had a big smile on his face, walked taller可知，Billy从一开始的沮丧，到后来脸上带着微笑，自信增加了。故选A。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ A In 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.‎ ‎“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”‎ Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially - 27 -‎ ‎ impact animal populations.‎ But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.‎ Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidification, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.‎ The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.‎ As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.‎ ‎36. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?‎ A. The author’s feelings to the ocean. B. Cameron’s movies and remarks.‎ C. The author’s discoveries under the sea. D. Cameron’s observation and concern.‎ ‎37. What can we infer from the passage?‎ - 27 -‎ A. Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.‎ B. More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.‎ C. Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.‎ D. Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.‎ ‎38. What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?‎ A. Decreases. B. Destruction.‎ C. Diseases. D. Discrimination.‎ ‎39. Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?‎ A. To call on people to protect sea animals.‎ B. To compare current situations with the past.‎ C. To explain how serious the ocean problem is.‎ D. To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.‎ ‎【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章由詹姆斯·卡梅隆的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。前两段讲述了大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾。他发声称“Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”。这正是他的所观所想。故选D项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段“Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries”可知，塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的。故选B项。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。A. Decreases减少B. Destruction破坏C. Diseases疾病D.‎ - 27 -‎ ‎ Discrimination歧视。分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的。故选B项。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 推理判断题。第五段最后一句“Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性。故选C项。‎ B Enjoy an amazing time in Lake Tahoe, CA with the fantastic show, Magic Fusion! This fantastic display features a variety of talented magicians who each take to the stage with their own flare, tricks, and illusions(视觉幻想) that will have the audiences who witness the show on the edge of their seats.‎ Presented by the amazing Loft Theatre, this show has seen the likes of famous magicians such as Robert Hall and Chipper Lowell. Each evening stars a different magician as well, so you can enjoy a variety of talented performers all on the same stage. It is great for all ages, so you can bring the entire family along to be excited and entertained during this 75-minute performance. You never know what you may see, so do not miss out!‎ The Loft Theatre is Lake Tahoe’s premier place for entertainment and delicious food. Not only is it home to amazing shows that will entertain and thrill, but it is also home to a dining experience that serves up some mouthwatering meals. Before your show, be sure to grab a bite to eat before heading over to enjoy the Loft. It is located in the extremely popular Heavenly Village area of Lake Tahoe next to sparkling fountains and the famous Heavenly Toy Shop. It also features a lounge(休息室)‎ - 27 -‎ ‎ and guests who arrive early can enjoy food, fun, and magicians who will wow you with tricks for that extra dose(量) of entertainment!‎ For an amazing experience that you will not soon forget, be sure to enjoy this fantastic performance at the Loft Theatre!‎ Enjoy this amazing show that will keep you guessing with tons of great tricks and illusions to keep you and your whole family entertained. You can be on the edge of your seat with this option of regular seating to witness this fantastic show, or experience the Magic Fusion show in the best seats possible. Order your tickets today!‎ ‎40 What can we learn about Magic Fusion?‎ A. It is intended for all the family members.‎ B. The display will last for one and half hours.‎ C. Different performers will be performing together.‎ D. Audiences will be invited onto the stage during the show.‎ ‎41. The Loft Theatre .‎ A. lies in a famous largely populated area B. is well-known for the surrounding scenery C. serves food before and after the performance D. provides those who come early with extra show ‎42. What is true about the arrangement of the performance?‎ - 27 -‎ A. The performance on Friday finishes earlier.‎ B. The show starts from 9:00 pm every Tuesday.‎ C. There are two performances available every Sunday.‎ D. Regular and VIP seating are offered on different days.‎ ‎【答案】40. A 41. D 42. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章对一场魔术表演进行宣传，介绍了演出时间、地点、剧场情况等。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句“It is great for all ages, so you can bring the entire family along to be excited and entertained during this 75-minute performance.”可知，演出是面向全年龄段的，适合全家观看。故选A项。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“It also features a lounge(休息室) and guests who arrive early can enjoy food, fun, and magicians who will wow you with tricks for that extra dose(量) of entertainment!”可知，提前到场的观众可以观看魔术师的额外表演。故选D项。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 细节理解题。观察演出安排的图表和图例可知，周日会安排两场演出，分别在下午四点半和七点。故选C项。‎ C As we prepare learners with the skills needed for the 21st century, there is a greater desire to further integrate technology into our classrooms. Whether it’s a K-12 or college classroom, it’s rare to find an environment that does not integrate technology in some form or another. In some cases, online learning has replaced the physical classroom altogether. As educators, we owe it to ourselves and our students to use these benefits. However, while technology offers significant advantages, simply integrating it as an alternative source of delivery or as another means for students to demonstrate their comprehension is not an effective practice.‎ We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided. These resources are just instruments and require high-quality guided practice - 27 -‎ ‎ from instructors. These instruments, combined with guidance, can afford good instruction, practice and motivation. While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程).‎ Technology is rapidly changing the educational environment and challenging students to adapt accordingly. It can frustrate students of different generations struggling to learn how to use a learning platform in addition to picking up the actual subject. Some may wonder, “Why should I waste time learning how to create a podcast(播客) when I could simply write the paper?”‎ It’s a reasonable question. We must not assume students who were raised using technology are always comfortable learning with these tools. A study found that because of tools some students may not have experience using, they may need more direction on how to apply these tools. Students may struggle if an instructor neglects to teach the conceptual basis of the tools. Technology may mean little without appropriate objectives and goals for its use, structures for its application, and trained deliverers.‎ Educators are also tasked with providing students the skills they need to flourish in a highly competitive and technologically-based workplace. Many of the skills obtained through online classes are valuable professional skills. Students taught how to use multiple learning technologies effectively have a competitive advantage over those who are simply using technology as a method of delivery in the online classroom. Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.‎ ‎43. What is important to the learning technology?‎ A. Instruction and revision. B. Comprehension and application.‎ C. Guidance and arrangements. D. Diversity and flexibility.‎ ‎44. According to the passage, what should an educator do?‎ A. Arrange online assignment for students.‎ - 27 -‎ B. Help students master online technology.‎ C. Prepare students with rules in the workplace.‎ D. Notify students of the value of the learning tool.‎ ‎45. What’s the author’s attitude toward learning technology?‎ A. Critical. B. Unconcerned.‎ C. Wait-and-see. D. Approving.‎ ‎46. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Does Technology Boost Educational Effectiveness?‎ B. Is the Learning Technology a Tool or an Opportunity?‎ C. Can Technology Put an End to Traditional Classrooms?‎ D. Does the Learning Skill Outweigh the Learning Content?‎ ‎【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章描述了技术给教育领域带来的影响，并且提出如果二者能合理恰当地平衡、结合，就能使教育工作变得更加高效。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句和最后一句“We must remind ourselves that any form of learning technology should also be guided.”“While technology can positively impact learning outcomes, it may be even more effective for some students if it’s instructor-led and integrated into a well-designed curriculum(课程).”可知，教育技术一方面应当处于指导之下，另外也要与精心安排的课程相结合。故选C项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Regardless of the subjects we teach, integrating technology gives our students the opportunity to not only learn the content, but also to develop skills useful beyond our classrooms. Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”和整篇文章可知，教会学生们线上技术不仅帮助他们学到各科内容，也能发展个人技能，还可以使得教学工作进展得更加顺畅，这正是身为从教者应当去做的事情。故选B项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ - 27 -‎ 推理判断题。从全文最后一句“Technology, when integrated and balanced appropriately with the curriculum and with student needs, can make us more effective as educators.”可知，作者认为如果正确合理地利用教育技术，益处是非常明显的，也就是对于教育技术持赞同态度。故选D项。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章主要阐述合理地结合教育与技术能提升教育的效率，A选项与文章最后一句贴合。故选A项。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ The Internet is the largest library in the history of the world and a great resource for anyone seeking information. ___47___ In recent years, plagiarism from online sources has become a serious problem, especially among students.‎ Original written work and information are protected by copyright laws. Therefore, when you use information you find while doing research, you should always give credit to the person that produced it. To plagiarize is to use ideas that are not your own without giving credit to the original source, or to claim that someone else’s ideas are your own. This is a dishonest practice.‎ Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem. ___48___ There are thousands of resources for students who wish only to copy or cheat. However, the Internet also makes it easier for educators to check for plagiarism. Often a simple Internet search for a quote will be enough to expose copying. Some educators are more concerned about unintended plagiarism. Because copying and pasting (粘贴) is so easy, it is becoming more and more common for well-meaning students to mix up source material with their original ideas. While unintended plagiarism usually happens innocently, it is still a mistake.‎ ‎___49___ Usually, the first step of researching is to gather information. You’d better keep a computer document named “References” where you can keep useful information you search on the Internet. Copy and paste the material directly from ‎ - 27 -‎ the document. When you print out parts of the article from the document, print the first page of the article. ___50___ These will help you remember the source of the information. Then print pages that have the information you need. After you finish your assignment, in the same way that you review your work for clarity and mistakes, you need to check that you have matched the quoted information with the correct source. Following these tips, you will avoid mixing up source material with your ideas.‎ A. It lists details like the name of writer and publication.‎ B. But doing research on the Internet is not without its risks.‎ C. This is because it is so easy to find and copy information online.‎ D. In addition to dishonesty, plagiarism is a lost opportunity for students.‎ E. To avoid unintended plagiarizing, managing your sources becomes important.‎ F. If you use ideas from other writers without quoting from the original work, you’re plagiarizing.‎ ‎【答案】47. B 48. C 49. E 50. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章就现在盛行的通过网络进行抄袭剽窃的行为作了批评，并就如何不把网络素材和个人原创混淆给出了建议。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据后文In recent years, plagiarism from online sources has become a serious problem, especially among students.可知，近年来，网上抄袭已成为一个严重的问题，尤其是在学生中。由此可知，在互联网上做研究还是有风险的。故B选项“但在互联网上做研究并非没有风险”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据上文Internet-related plagiarism has become such a problem.可知，与互联网相关的剽窃已经成为一个问题。由此可知，本句承接上文说明网络剽窃的原因是在网上很容易找到和复制信息。故C选项“这是因为在网上很容易找到和复制信息”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据后文Usually, the first step of researching is to gather information. You’d better keep a computer document named “References” where you can keep useful information you search on the - 27 -‎ ‎ Internet.可知，通常，研究的第一步是收集信息。你最好保存一个名为“参考资料”的电脑文档，这样你可以保存在网上搜索到的有用信息。由此可知，建议读者在收集信息的过程中将网上的资源单独放在一个文件夹内，打印时做好标记和说明，这是为了避免无意抄袭。故E选项“为了避免无意的抄袭，管理你的资源变得很重要”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据后文These will help you remember the source of the information.可知，这些将帮助你记住信息的来源。由此可知，文章的第一页列出了一些细节，比如作者和出版物的名字等这些信息的来源。故A选项“它列出了一些细节，比如作者和出版物的名字”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ IV. Summary Writing ‎51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ ‎“It is important for us to understand that the computing platforms of today will not be able to sustain at-scale implementations of AI algorithms on massive datasets,” said Thirumalai Venkatesan, one of the authors of a paper published in Applied Physics Reviews, from AIP Publishing.‎ ‎“Today’s computing is way too energy-intensive to handle big data. We need to rethink our approaches to computation on all levels: materials, devices and architecture that can enable ultralow energy computing.”‎ Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost-effective platform, according to Venkatesan. Memristive devices are electronic devices with an inherent memory that are capable of both storing data and performing computation. Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons, the computing units in the brain, they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.‎ Until now, oxides have been the leading candidate as the optimum material for memristors. Different material systems have been proposed but none have been successful so far.‎ ‎“Over the last 20 years there have been several attempts to come up with organic - 27 -‎ ‎ memristors, but none of those have shown any promise,” said Sreetosh Goswami, lead author on the paper. “The primary reason behind this failure is their lack of stability, reproducibility and ambiguity in mechanistic understanding. At a device level, we are now able to solve most of these problems.”‎ This new generation of organic memristors is developed based on metal azo complex devices, which are the brainchild of Sreebata Goswami, a professor at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkata and another author on the paper.‎ ‎“In thin films, the molecules are so robust and stable that these devices can eventually be the right choice for many wearable and implantable technologies or a body net, because these could be bendable and stretchable,” said Sreebata Goswami. A body net is a series of wireless sensors that stick to the skin and track health.‎ The next challenge will be to produce these organic memristors at scale, said Venkatesan.‎ ‎“Now we are making individual devices in the laboratory. We need to make circuits for large-scale functional implementation of these devices.”‎ ‎【答案】The pressing question for many researchers is how to handle the technological revolution. Brain-inspired electronics with organic memristors could offer a functionally promising and cost-effective platform. Since memristors are functionally analogous to the operation of neurons, the computing units in the brain, they are optimal candidates for brain-inspired computing platforms.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这一篇概要写作。‎ ‎【详解】写作步骤 ‎1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了许多研究人员面临的紧迫问题是如何应对技术革命。脑灵感电子与有机记忆电阻器可以提供一个功能上有前途和成本效益的平台。由于忆阻器在功能上类似于神经元（大脑中的计算单元）的运作，因此它们是脑灵感计算平台的最佳候选。‎ ‎2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。‎ - 27 -‎ ‎3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：‎ ‎（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎52. 你可以通过特殊的练习来发展自律，你可以在任何时间和任何地点练习。（practice）‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎53. 我们处理的不是一个简单的“垃圾输入，垃圾输出”的情况，而是每天都有新的信息出现的情况。（deal）‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎54. 在线学习需要一定的信息技术素养，但在大多数学校，四分之一的教师没有或有有限的计算机经验。(limit)‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎55. 日常的责任心表现为准时，勤勉工作，自律，谨慎地履行职责。(punctual)‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】52. You can develop self-discipline with special exercises, which you can practice at any time and place. ‎ ‎53. We are not dealing with a situation of simple ‘garbage in, garbage out’ but rather one where new information is emerging daily. ‎ ‎54. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four teachers in most schools has no or limited experience of computers. ‎ - 27 -‎ ‎55. The everyday signs of conscientiousness is punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和定语从句。根据汉语意思表示“发展自律”短语为develop self-discipline；且此处为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which；句子陈述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故翻译为You can develop self-discipline with special exercises, which you can practice at any time and place.‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和定语从句。根据汉语意思表示“处理”短语为deal with；结合句意前一句应用现在进行时，主语为we，谓语动词用are；but连接两个并列句，后一句中为定语从句修饰先行词one，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where，时态为一般现在时；故翻译为We are not dealing with a situation of simple ‘garbage in, garbage out’ but rather one where new information is emerging daily.‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和动词时态。根据汉语意思表示“在线学习”短语为online learning；表示“信息技术素养”短语为IT literacy；表示“四分之一”短语为one in four；表示“有限的经验”短语为limited experience；结合句意应用一般现在时，且为yet连接的转折句，前一句主语为，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，后一句主语为one in four teachers，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。故翻译为Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four teachers in most schools has no or limited experience of computers.‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和动词时态。根据汉语意思表示“责任心”单词为conscientiousness；表示“准时的”单词为punctual；结合句意应用一般现在时，主语为The everyday signs of conscientiousness，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为The everyday signs of conscientiousness is punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities.‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ - 27 -‎ 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想了解中医常识以提高自我护理习惯。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源。你的信件内容需包括：‎ ‎1. 学习资源类别：图书、网站、手机应用程序（APP）等；‎ ‎2. 推荐某类资源理由；‎ ‎3. 表达祝愿。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Peter,‎ As you wish to learn about traditional Chinese medicine to raise the awareness of self-care, I am writing to you to propose some of my recommendations about the learning resources, aiming at helping you better understand traditional Chinese medicine.‎ I’d like to recommend online access to traditional Chinese medicine on the website, which is called “Chinese Medicine Network”. The principle reason why I recommend the website is that it classifies different symptoms into sorts of groups. The Basic Knowledge of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which is on the premise of essential knowledge about traditional Chinese medicine, the book mainly illustrates a great many applicable evidences to carry out individual practice in aspect of self-care. More importantly, it is not obscure for general group to catch on.‎ Based on the recommendation above, I believe you’ll be capable of forming general image of traditional Chinese medicine. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ - 27 -‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter想了解中医常识以提高自我护理习惯。请给他写一封信，推荐学习资源。你的信件内容需包括：1.学习资源类别:图书、网站、手机应用程序（APP）等；2.推荐某类资源理由；3.表达祝愿。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：learn about (了解)；traditional Chinese medicine (中医)；aim at (目的在于)；on the premise of (在……的前提下)等。 ‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如As you wish to learn about traditional Chinese medicine to raise the awareness of self-care, I am writing to you to propose some of my recommendations about the learning resources, aiming at helping you better understand traditional Chinese medicine.运用原因状语从句；The principle reason why I recommend the website is that it classifies different symptoms into sorts of groups.运用了表语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ - 27 -‎ - 27 -‎