2013中考英语语法模块易混代词辨析

2013中考英语语法模块易混代词辨析

‎2013中考英语易混代词辨析 ‎1. few, a few,  little, a little. 可作名词或形容词性使用，在句中可作主语，表语，宾语或定语，表示“少量，不多”的意思。具体区别如下表：  作形容词时修饰不可数名词 作形容词时修饰可数名词复数 。表示否定含义   little、 few  表示肯定含义 a little、 a few  例：Of my friends few live in the USA. 我的朋友当中几乎没人住在美国。 You are many, they are few. 你们人多，他们人少。 That’s too little. 那太少了。There are few mistakes in the composition. 作文中几乎没有错误。( There are a few mistakes. 有一些错误。) Hurry up! We’ve little time to waste. 时间不多了。‎ 例. What a pity that Tina has made ___ mistakes in the English test.      A) just little B) quite a few  C) few D) a little ‎★ 在与only, still连用时用肯定形式，即a few, a little. eg--- How much time do we have? -- Only __. A. a few B. little C. a little D. a lot ‎2. both, either, neither, any, all, none, each both 两者都 谓语动词 (复数) /either 两者中的任何一 谓语动词(单数) /neither 两者中无任何一个 谓语动词 (单数) /any 三者或三者以上中的任何一个 谓语动词(单数) /all 三者或三者以上全部 谓语动词(复数) /none 三者或三者以上中的无一个 谓语动词(复数) /each 两个或两个以上中的每一个 谓语动词(单数)  【分析比较】1) both可指人或物，不可与单数名词或不可数名词搭配使用，只与复数名词搭配。其谓语动词为复数形式。它作形容词时，可直接修饰名词，如有定冠词the、物主代词或指示代词修饰名词，需要置于both之后。 例：Both our countries belong to the third world. 我们两个国家孝都属于第三世界。/ Both these students are good at English. 这些学生都擅长英语。2) either、neither其谓语动词为单数形式。 ① 作为形容词，只能和单数可数名词搭配，指两者其中任何一个。例：Either way is all right. 两种方法任意一个都行。/ Neither answer is correct. 没有一个答案是正确的。 ② 作不定代词时，可单独使用，也可后跟of短语。 例：I wrote to John and Henry, but neither has replied. 我给约翰和亨利都写了信，但没有一个人回信。 Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 他们两人身体都不好，但他们都努力工作。 3) each其谓语动词为单数形式。① 作为形容词，只能与单数可数名词搭配。例：Each pupil has found his own personal road to success. 每位学生都可以找到通向成功的道路。②作为代词，可单独使用，也可后跟of短语。 例：Each has a dictionary. 每人都有一本字典。/ Each of them helps the other. 他们每个人都互相帮助。 4) every其谓语动词为单数形式，只能作形容词，不能单独使用，指两个以上的人或物，修饰单数可数名词。 例：Every boy in the class has passed the examination. 班上的每个男孩都及格了。 它与each 的区别： ① 两者所指的侧重点不同，each指许多人或物中的“各个”，侧重在个别；而every指人物中的“每个”，侧重在全体。例：Each player has got a medal. 每位运动员都得到了奖牌。/Every player was on top form. 每个运动员都处在最佳竞技状态。 ② each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”；而every则指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”。 例：(正) every/each side of the square (正) each side of the street (误)  every side of the street 5) all 修饰复数名词时，谓语动词为复数形式。修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词为单数形式。 ① all作为形容词，可直接修饰名词。如有定冠词the、物主代词或指示代词修饰名词时，要放在 all的后面，all可与复数名词或搭配。    all与whole的区别在于：定冠词、物主代词或指示单数概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：all the time = the whole time  ② all为代词时，可单独使用，也可跟of短语。当all表示单数概念时，谓语动词为单数；当表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。 例：All of his children are workers. All I want is peace and silence. 我所要的是和平与安宁。 【注意】 each、all、both 作同位语的位置：一般用于系动词be、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 none谓语动词可为单数形式，也可为复数形式。none作为不定代词，其义和all相反，与no one、not any同义。它指不数名词时，谓语动词为单数形式。指复数名词时，有两种情况： none of + 有生命体，其谓语动词为复数。none of + 无生命体，其谓语动词一般为单数。例：None of this money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。None of those buses goes to Huangshan. 那些公共汽车没有一辆去黄山。‎ ‎3. some, any, no      (1) some 用于肯定句 // 疑问句★ 希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句 adj. 可数名词(复数) & 不可数名词 //可数名词(单数) 表“未确指的人、事物或地点” ///pron. Some... others; Some... the others; (2) any用于否定句和疑问句 adj. 修饰可数名词 & 不可数名词 pron. ★ any & either ‎ ‎★ 肯定句 （修饰可数名词单数，表“任何一个”）‎ ‎【分析比较】 1)some属于肯定词，主要用于肯定句中。①当说话人期待肯定回答或者有意图鼓励说话人作肯定回答时，some可用于疑问句。 例：Could I have some more bread, please? 我多拿一些面包可以吗？ Would you like some more soup? 你还要点汤吗？　 ② some 与单数可数名词搭配，表示未知的人或物，相当于a(an) 或a certain。 例：There must be some job I could do. 肯定有我能做的事情。/ Some book on this topic was published last year. 去年出版了有关这主题方面的书。2) any属于非肯定句，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。no属于否定词，用于否定句中。any常与形容词比较级等词相配副词。any与可数搭配，表示every的含义。　 例：Is she ‎ any better? 她好点了吗？ 3) no + 可数名词单数 = not a(an) no + 可数名词复数 = not any 例：I have no umbrella = (not an umbrella). 我没有伞。 We have no problems (= not any problems ) with them我没有问题。 ‎ ‎★ some和any构成的复合不定代词适用句型同some和any. 例：--- Is ________ here?--- No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. ‎ ‎ A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody ‎ ‎ 4. none & nobody & no one & nothing none: ≧3；人和物；与of短语连用；多回答How many/much提问的疑问句； no one = nobody: 人；不与of短语连用；多回答who提问的疑问句；nothing: 物；不与of短语连用；多回答what提问的疑问句 例：--- Who has been to Hawaii? --- _______ has. A. No one B. I C. All of us D. None 例：--- How many students are there in the classroom? --- _______. A. Nobody B. No one C. None D. Neither I’m hungry. Is there any bread in the fridge?--- __, but we have cakes. Would you like to have one?A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing ‎5.no one, none 【分析比较】  no one与none作否定代词都有“谁也不”，“没有一个”,“无一人”等意思，但其确切含义和用法却大不一样。 1) no one = nobody用作代词，只指人，不能指物，泛指“没有一个”，作主语时后面的谓语动词只能用单数。 例：No one (不能用None) knows that they fought about. 谁也不知道这个试验吗？ 2) no one没有固定范围故其后通常不接of短语。on one、nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对How many…? 或 How much…？作否定的回答。 例：－ Is there anyone who can do the experiment? 有人会做这个试验吗？－ No one. 没有。(没有一定的范围) 3) none作代词，可用来代替上交(或该句中) 提到的特定的人或事，表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个(人)都不……”。代替物质名词抽象概念时，意为“一点也没有”“一点不”，动词用单、复数形式均可。若指不可数名词，动词只能用单数形式。 例：None of my friends live near here. 我的朋友都不住在附近。 　4) none后接of短语构成固定范围，表示“……中任何一个都不；没有人”等，其作主语时，若接复数名词或代词，动词用单数、复数均可；若接不可数名词，动词只能用单数形式。例：None of the three young men work(s) in that factory. 这三个青年人没有一个在那家工厂工作。 None of the coffee is gook.　这咖啡都是坏的。 　5) none常可用来对How many…?作简略的否定回答，也可以对any + of短语构成的一般疑问句作否定的回答。而no one用来回答“who”引导的特殊问问。 例：－ How many English films have you seen? 你看过几部英语电影？ － None. 一部也没有看过。 【比较】 － How many failed in the examination? 多少人考试不及格？－ None. 没有人。 － Who will go to the cinema with me tonight? 今晚谁将和我一块去看电影？ － No one . 没有人。‎ ‎6. one, ones, that, those, it 【分析比较】one 与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。① it指上文提到过的事物（特定）。（可数&不可数） ② one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个（不特定），如果是复数则用ones。（可数） ③ that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复.（可数&不可数） 【注意】① one与ones既可指人也可指物。 ② one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词组，而ones不能。③ one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。 ④ one 可单独使用，作“任何人”解。例：I have a ticket for tonight’s concert. Do you have one? 我有张今晚音乐会的票。 I don’t want the big apple. I want a small one. 我不想要那个在苹果。我要一个小的。 One should believe in oneself. 一个人要想念自己。 5) that与those, that 代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。that、those后面跟定语从句时，关系词不能用that。例：Those who are unfit for their offices can’t see the cloth. 不称职的人看不见此布。The boy told his story and that of the girl upstairs. 这男孩讲述了他以及楼上他姐姐的经历。The TV sets we made this year are better than those we made last year. 我们今年生产的电视机比去年的好。6) one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特写东西。 例：I want a knife to sharpen my pencil. Would you please lend me one? 我想用刀来削铅笔。请借给我一把好吗?    You’ve used my knife for ages. Return it to me. 你用我的刀好长时间了, 请还给我吧。例：--- Why don’t we take a little break? --- Didn’t we just have________? A. it B. that C. one D. this 例：There is only an English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy___. A. it B. one C. another D. any 例：--- Have you got any books on music? I want to borrow __.--- Yes. You can find them on the top shelf of the second bookcase.‎ ‎ A. it B. any C. one D. them 7. each & every each≧2；与of短语连用； every≧3；不可与of短语连用；‎ ‎【比较】each side of the road & every side of the square 例：There are a lot of colorful flowers on ______ sides of the street. A) each B) both C) either D) all ‎ 句意理解也重要；‎ 例：-Do you like talking with your friends on the telephone or the mobile phone?--- _. I enjoy using QQ.A) either B) both C) neither D) none ‎ 例：It's a nuisance(令人讨厌的事) that ______ side of the narrow street is crowded with cars. A) none B) neither C) both D) either ‎ 例：___ of the two boys is going to make a further study in the USA. A) Both B) Neither C) None D) All 例：Tony invited the twins to the party, but ______ came at last. A) both B) all C) neither D) none 例：--- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? --- I’m afraid ________ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 例：You can’t take the two tickets, but you may take ____ of them. A) both B) every C) neither D) either 例：--- Which share is meant for me?--- You can take ________ half. They’re exactly the same. A. this B. any C. each D. either 例：I’d like to know whether ______ of you is planning for a study trip abroad. A) some B) any C) both D) all ‎【拓展】either/neither做连词时，就近原则。‎ 例：____ my father _____ my mother like playing table tennis. A) Neither, nor B) Not only, but also C) Either, or D) Both, and ‎8. other, others, the other, the others, another. ※ other: + n.(pl)；泛指 ※ others: = other + n.(pl)；泛指 ‎ 1. 两者之间：one... the other... ‎ ‎※ the other: ‎ ‎ 2. 多者之间：the other + n.(pl) / 数词 = the others (特指) ‎ ‎※ the others: = the other + n.(pl) / 数词 = the rest (一定范围内，剩下所有)‎ ‎ 1. another + 可数名词单数：再，另，（三者及以上）‎ ‎ 2. another + 数词 + n.(pl) = 数词 + more + n.(pl) ‎ 例：There is a flower shop on _____ side of the street. Let’s go and buy some flowers A) another B) the other C) both D) others 例：There are only two students in the classroom. ____ have gone to the playground. A) The other B) The others C) Another D) Others ‎ 例：I have got six colour pens. One is read, another is blue and ___ four are all green. A) other B) the others C) others D) the other 例：It was a terrible accident. One passenger was killed, and ____ was badly hurt. A. the others B. the other C. others D. the rest 例：If you want to change for a double room,you’ll have to pay________＄15. A. another B. other C. more D. each ‎9★ it与名词考点结合 例：I like ______ very much. My mother usually cooks it in different ways. A) potatoes B) tomatoes C) fish D) noodles 例：My class teacher has given me lots of ____. They’re very useful. A) information B) advice C) suggestions D) news ‎10.a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。‎ ‎【做题技巧】1. 找范围（两者 or 三者）；2. 找所修饰名词的单复数；3. 找谓语动词的单复数；4. 注意隐藏的范围信息；‎ ‎（三）代词易混实练：1、用it, one, that, this,填空 ‎(1）He used a dried leaf as a bookmark and put _____ between.‎ ‎(2). _____ is only when you nearly lose someone ______ you become fully conscious of how much you value him.‎ ‎(3). The reason for birth control is_______：our country has a Large population.‎ ‎(4). His car broke down on the way. _______ made him late for the train.‎ ‎(5)._______ can't be too careful in matters like this.‎ ‎(6). He has a car and she wants to buy _______ for ￥10,000, but he says no.‎ ‎(7). They are going to the dining hall as______ will soon be breakfast time.‎ ‎(8). Who is making so much noise in the garden ? ______ is the children.‎ ‎(9). ______is no wonder that there is a great necessity of English grammar books.‎ ‎(10). Mr and Mrs Scott prefer a restaurant in a small town to _____ in so large a city as New York.‎ ‎[answer] 1. it 2. It, that 3. this 4. This/That 5. One 6. it 7. it 8. It 9. It, 10. one ‎ ‎2. 1. I had to buy______ these books because I didn't know which one was the best． A．both B．none C．neither D．all ‎ ‎2. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_____ he's done for you. A．something B. anything C. all D. that ‎ ‎3. It is easy to do there repair. ______ you need is a hammer and some nails. A．Something B. All C. Both D．Everything ‎ ‎4. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner，but_____ of them came． A．neither B．either C．none D．both ‎ ‎5. --which of the three ways shall I take to the village? --_____ way as you please. A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either ‎ ‎6. We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for __ . A．none B．either C. any D．each ‎ ‎[答案] D C B A C C ‎ ‎3.用all, some, any, someone, anyone, everyone, something, anything, everything, none, no one, nobody 填空 ‎(1). --Are there any English storybooks for us students in the library? --There are only a few, if______.‎ ‎(2). You don't want ______ more cakes, do you? I want to save for tomorrow.‎ ‎(3). _______ of you can't do this exercise? I'll explain it once more.‎ ‎(4). That's ______. So much for today's programme. See you until next time.‎ ‎(5). It cost _______ like twenty dollars.‎ ‎(6). Don't you want your son to become a ______ in the factory and live a dull life ?‎ ‎(7). I have______ of the knowledge he has so I have to go to him for advice.‎ ‎(8). A piece of cake. ______ can answer such a question.‎ ‎(9). I arrived only to find an empty room, -- ______ was waiting for me.‎ ‎(10). --Shall he make you ______ to eat?--Yes, please. I've had hardly ______ for a day.‎ ‎[answer] l. any 2. any, some 3. Some 4. all 5. something 6. nobody 7. none 8. Everyone 9. no one 10. something, anything ‎4.实练 ‎1． _____ can’t help but be attracted by the science stories．A．Everybody B．Any body C．Somebody D．Nobody ‎ ‎2． _____ happened to be out that day，so you didn’t find me． A．it B．This C．You D．I ‎ ‎3． ---I saw no more than one motor-car in that shop．Will yon go and buy _____? ---No，I'd rather find ____ in other shops．‎ ‎ A．one；one B．it；it C．one；it D．it；one ‎ ‎4. He was a man of strong feelings，_____ normally lay hidden deep inside him． A．it B．that C．those D．which ‎ ‎5. The book is hard to understand._____ can be enjoyed from it until you have read it several times．‎ ‎ A．Nothing B．Few C．Something D．Much ‎ ‎6. You can hold the pot in one hand and take off the lid with ___ .A．another B．the other C．other one D．the others ‎ ‎7. -- Can the teacher give us some examples to show how useful the computer is ? -- Of course.__ people get _ information from it every day．‎ ‎ A. A good many；a great deal of B. All kinds of；a lot C. Many a； plenty of D. A great many；a large number of ‎ ‎8. --Could you please spare me some time ? I’ve something to talk with you．--Not now. __ time，please A．Any B．Some C．Some other D．Other ‎ ‎9. John is one of those people who I always believe do ___ best even in the most difficult situations．A．his B．your C．their D．one's ‎ ‎10. -- Do you think they have as many books as they've described ?-- Well, in my opinion, they have few books, if _____.‎ A．some B．any C．none D．many ‎ Keys: DDDDABABCB 分析总结解题技巧：1、明确指代。在解答代词题目时，我们应首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代对象，从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑：(1)代词指代的是人还是物；(2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词；(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念；(4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上；(5)代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。 ‎ ‎2、理清逻辑。需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑：(1)代词所表示的范围；(2)代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。‎