2019届一轮复习北师大版必修三Unit9Wheels单元学案设计（47页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修三Unit9Wheels单元学案设计（47页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit9Wheels单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．ferry n．渡船　　　　　　　　　 2.platform n．站台，月台_‎ ‎3．pedestrian n．行人_ 4.arrest vt.逮捕，拘留 ‎5．jam n．阻塞，拥挤 6.fierce adj.凶狠的，凶恶的 ‎7．kindergarten n．幼儿园 8.suitcase n．手提箱，皮箱 ‎9．chapter n．章节 10.pavement n．人行道 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．therefore_adv.所以，因此　　　　 2.amount n．数量 ‎3．figure n．数字，数目 4.schedule_n．时间表；进度表 ‎5．damage_vt.& n．损害，损失 6.foolish_adj.愚蠢的 ‎7．gentle_adj.和善的，温和的 8.vocabulary n．词汇；词汇量 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.addicted adj.沉溺于……的→addict vi.& n．使沉溺，使上瘾；瘾君子→addiction n．瘾，沉溺，癖好→addictive adj.上瘾的 ‎*2.occupy vt.占用；担任→occupation n．职业 ‎3.frequent adj.时常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地 ‎4.benefit vi.& n．得益；好处→beneficial adj.有好处的 ‎5.admit vt.承认，供认→admission n．承认 ‎*6.convenient adj.方便的，便利的→convenience n．方便，便利；便利的事物 ‎7.consequence n．后果，结果→consequent adj.因……而引起的→consequently adv.因此；结果 ‎*8.argue vi.争辩，争吵→argument n．理由；依据；争论，争辩 ‎9.responsibility n．负责，责任，职责→responsible adj.负责的 ‎10.impression n．印象，感觉→impress vt.给某人深刻印象，使铭记→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的；感人的 ‎11.appreciate vt.欣赏；感谢→appreciation n．感激，评价 ‎*12.construction n．建筑；建筑物→construct vt.建造，建筑 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He is a teacher by occupation,_and his time is fully occupied with his students.‎ ‎2．When it is convenient for you, please go with me to see the house that has all modern conveniences,_which will bring convenience to your family.‎ ‎3．Most of us argue that the argument with our parents will not affect our relationship.‎ ‎4．It took them two years to construct the bridge and the construction was excellent. ‎ ‎5．The man has been addicted to smoking for many years, but he is now fighting his addiction to smoking. ‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．vehicle /'viːɪk(ə)l/ n．　 交通工具，车辆 ‎2．transport /'trænspɔːt/ n．& vt. 运输；交通 ‎3．tram /træm/ n. 有轨电车 ‎4．lorry /'lɒri/ n. 运货汽车，卡车 ‎5．truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车，运货车 ‎6．motorcycle /'məʊtəsaɪkl/ n. 摩托车 ‎7．carriage /'kærɪdʒ/ n. 四轮马车；(火车)客车厢 ‎8．railway /'reɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路；铁道 ‎9．subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁 ‎10．aircraft /'eəkrɑːft/ n. 飞机(单复数同形)‎ ‎11．flight /flaɪt/ n. 航班 ‎12．helicopter /'helɪkɒptə(r)/ n. 直升机 ‎13．harbor /'hɑːbə/ n. 港口，码头 ‎14．land /lænd/ vi. 着陆，登岸(陆)；降落 ‎15．energy /'enədʒi/ n. 精力；活力 ‎16．reduce /rɪ'djuːs/ v. 减少 ‎17．build /bɪld/ v. 建造 ‎18．pilot /'paɪlət/ n. 飞行员 ‎19．airport /'erpɔrt/ n. 机场；飞机场 ‎20．canal /kə'næl/ n. 运河 ‎21．terminal /'tɜːmɪnl/ n. 终点站 ‎22．passenger /'pæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客，旅客 ‎23．steward /'stjuːəd/ n. 男服务员；男乘务员 ‎24．stewardess /ˌstjuːə'des/ n. 　 女乘务员，空中小姐 ‎25．conductor /kən'dʌktə(r)/ n. 列车员 ‎26．highway /'haɪweɪ/ n. 公路 ‎27．environmentally /ɪnˌvaɪrən'mentəlɪ/ adv.‎ ‎ 在环境方面地 ‎28．crash /kræʃ/ vt.& n. 碰撞，撞击 ‎29．brake /breɪk/ n. 闸 vt.& vi. 刹车 ‎30．delay /dɪ'leɪ/ vi.& n. 拖延，延误，耽搁 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.fed_up不愉快的，厌烦的　　 2.be_addicted_to沉溺于 ‎3.get/be_stuck_in 困在…… *4.pull_up (车辆)停止，停车 ‎5.so_far迄今为止 　 6.be_related_to与……有关 ‎*7.take_place发生；举行 　 8.on_average通常；平均 ‎*9.go_up上升 *10.pull_out出站 ‎11.take_part_in 参加 　 12.work_out做运动，锻炼身体 ‎13.thanks_to由于，因为 　 14.take_action采取行动 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The bus that pulled_up outside the bus station would soon take them downtown.‎ ‎2．Mary told me straight out that she was fed_up and wanted to leave.‎ ‎3．Just before we arrived at the station, the train to Xi'an pulled_out and soon disappeared in the distance.‎ ‎4．Many people around me are expecting their income to go_up soon in order to make ends meet.‎ ‎5．The talk is scheduled to take_place tomorrow morning at eight o'clock.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．far away from　　　　　　　 远离 ‎2．take off 起飞 ‎3．go aboard 上(船、飞机等)‎ ‎4．economic class 经济舱 ‎5．nonstop flight 直达航班 ‎6．express train 特快列车 ‎7．highspeed rail 高铁 ‎8．bullet train 高速列车；动车 ‎9．rush hour 交通高峰期 ‎10．safe and sound 安然无恙 ‎11．take a bus/by bus 坐公共汽车 ‎12．run over 辗过；轧过 ‎13．speed up 加速 ‎14．parking lot 停车场 ‎15．traffic signal/light 交通信号灯 ‎16．knock into/against 撞上 ‎17．driving license/permit 驾照 ‎18．traffic accident 交通事故 ‎19．pay a fine 支付罚款 ‎20．be/get stuck in 被困在 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．wherever在句中引导让步状语从句 ‎[例句]　Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use. ‎ ‎[仿写]　无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。‎ Wherever_he_may_be,_we will find him.‎ ‎2．过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语 ‎[例句]　How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry?‎ ‎[仿写]　我父亲下班回到家，又累又饿。‎ My father went home from work, tired_and_hungry.‎ ‎3．It was ... who/that ... 强调句型 ‎[例句]　Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it was only the very rich who could afford to own a car.‎ ‎[仿写]　是你的工作能力重要，而不是你从哪里来或你是谁。‎ It_is_the_ability_to_do_the_job_that matters, not where you come from or who you are.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．It takes me about 15 minutes to walk there but 5 minutes by bus.‎ 步行到那儿我需要花费15分钟，但是坐公交车只需5分钟。‎ ‎2．Many people would choose to take a taxi instead of walking or riding a bike.‎ 很多人宁愿选择坐出租车而不是步行或者骑自行车。‎ ‎3．With the improvement of people's living conditions, more and more families have their own cars.‎ 随着人们生活水平的提高，越来越多的家庭拥有了他们的私家车。‎ ‎4．It's high time we chose another better means of transport.‎ 到了我们选择更好的交通方式的时候了。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ ‎ The advantages of riding bicycles As is known to us, air pollution is becoming more and more severe. Therefore, it's high time we chose another better means of transport, that is, cycling.‎ There are many good advantages to ride bicycles. First of all, compared to cars, bicycles are much cheaper to buy and maintain, and we don't have all the added costs of fuel, and parking. Secondly, bicycles are more environmentally friendly than cars. Cycling has become a new trend around the world, a good way of energy saving and lowcarbon life.Last but not least, cycling is an excellent way to keep fit and live longer.‎ In a word, riding bicycles actually has great effects on us.‎ ‎ 骑自行车的好处 ‎ 众所周知，空气污染正变得越来越严重。因此，到了我们选择更好地交通方式的时候了，那就是——骑自行车。‎ 骑自行车有很多好处。首先，与汽车相比，买自行车和保养更便宜，我们不用多花费汽油和停车的费用。第二，自行车比汽车更环保。在全球骑自行车已成为一种新的趋势，一种好的节能减排的生活方式。最后但同样重要的是，骑自行车是一种保持健康和长寿的好方法。‎ 总之，骑自行车对我们确实有很好的影响。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．benefit v．&n.得益，好处；有益于 ‎　[教材原句]　People have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam for years.‎ 多年来阿姆斯特丹的人们一直享受着骑自行车的好处。‎ ‎(1)benefit sb.　　　　　　　　　 使某人受益 benefit from/by 从……中受益 ‎(2)be of (great) benefit (to ...) (对)……(大)有裨益 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 get benefit from ... 从……中受益 ‎(3)beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的 be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益 ‎①Many of the things we now benefit from/by would not be around but for Thomas Edison.(2015·江苏高考单选)‎ 要不是因为托马斯·爱迪生，很多现在让我们受益的东西都不会出现。‎ ‎②China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for_the_benefit_of all its citizens.‎ 为了全体公民的利益，中国一直在推进公立医疗机构的改革。‎ ‎③From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they are beneficial (benefit) to us.(浙江高考满分作文)‎ 在我看来，我们的图书馆应当买一些科普类和文学类图书，因为它们对我们有益。‎ ‎2．convenient adj.方便的，便利的 ‎[教材原句]　It is a good city for cycling because it is flat and therefore is convenient for bikes.‎ 因为该市的平坦道路很适合骑自行车，所以骑自行车很方便。‎ ‎(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　 做某事对某人来说方便 ‎(2)convenience n. [U]便利，方便；[C]方便好用的东西 for convenience 为了方便起见 for one's convenience 为了某人方便 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候，在合适的时候 ‎①If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 如果你感兴趣，请尽早发申请邮件。‎ ‎②The secretary arranged a convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.‎ 秘书为参加面试的求职者安排了合适的时间和地点。‎ ‎③Will it_be_convenient_for you to chat with me on the Internet tonight?‎ 你今晚方便和我网上聊天吗？‎ ‎[名师点津]　convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。如“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for/to you，而不是when you are convenient。‎ ‎3．argue vi.争辩，争吵vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明；说服，劝说 ‎ ‎　[高考佳句]　Some argued that attention should be paid to our heavy road traffic.(2015·江苏高考书面表达) ‎ 一些人认为应该多注意我们拥堵的道路交通。‎ ‎(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争论 argue that ... 主张，认为……‎ argue for/against ... 为赞成/反对……而辩论 argue sb.into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 argue sb.out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 ‎(2)argument n． 争论，辩论；论据，论点，理由 have an argument beyond argument 　　　　 无需争论 ‎①As far as I know, they argue for the right to vote.‎ 据我所知，他们据理力争选举权。‎ ‎②They are always arguing with each other about/over money.‎ 他们总是为钱吵嘴。‎ ‎③We tried many ways to argue him into accepting (accept) our advice, but in vain.‎ 我们尝试了很多办法说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒然。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句③其他表达方式 ‎①We tried many ways to persuade him into accepting our advice, but in vain.‎ ‎②We tried many ways to persuade him to accept our advice, but in vain.‎ ‎③We tried many ways to talk him into accepting our advice, but in vain.‎ ‎4．appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；感激；理解，体会；感谢 ‎ ‎[高考佳句]　But there is something unclear for me, so I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) ‎ 但是我有一些不清楚的事情，所以如果你能给我更多的信息，我会很感激的。‎ ‎(1)appreciate sth.　　　　　　 欣赏某物；感谢某事 appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth.　 感谢(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎①Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have_been_appreciated (appreciate) by both teachers and my classmates.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 在班级的几次英语活动中我成功地帮助了她，这受到师生的赞赏。‎ ‎②I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)‎ 你尽早回信我将感激不尽。‎ ‎③I_would_appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.‎ 如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。‎ ‎5．addicted adj.沉溺于……的；上瘾的 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　I admit: I'm addicted to my car.‎ 我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。‎ ‎(1)be/become/get addicted to ‎　　　　　 　 对……上瘾，沉溺于……(to是介词)‎ ‎(2)addict vt.& n. 使沉溺，沉溺于；瘾君子 addict oneself to 沉溺于……‎ ‎(3)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的，使……入迷的 ‎①As far as I'm concerned, it's not wise for us to be_addicted_to playing with smart phones because we may ignore other important things in life.(重庆高考满分作文)‎ 就我个人而言，迷恋于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们有可能忽视生活中其他重要的事情。‎ ‎②Her son addicted himself to smoking, which had a bad effect on his health.‎ 她的儿子吸烟上瘾，这对他的健康有很坏的影响。‎ ‎③Addicted (addict) to playing the violin, he didn't find a thief walk into his house.‎ 他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。‎ ‎6．admit vt.承认，供认；准许……入内；准许……‎ 加入；可容纳 ‎ ‎[经典例句]　You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.(朗文P24)‎ 你也许不喜欢她，但你必须承认她能胜任工作。‎ ‎(1)admit to/(to) doing sth.　　 承认(做)某事 admit that ... 承认……‎ admit ...to be ... 承认……是……‎ admit sb./sth.into/to 允许某人/某物进入 ‎(2)be admitted as 作为……被接受 be admitted to/into 加入；进入；被……录取 ‎①The young man had to admit driving/having_driven (drive) without a driving permit.‎ 这个年轻人不得不承认无证驾驶。‎ ‎②You must admit the task to_be (be) difficult.‎ 你得承认这个任务是艰巨的。‎ ‎③The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_be_admitted_to my favorite university will come true.(四川高考书面表达)‎ 考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。‎ ‎7．occupy vt.居住；占用，使用；占领；使忙碌，使从事 ‎[教材原句]　On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.‎ 平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占用33辆小轿车。‎ ‎(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　 使某人忙于某事 sb.be occupied with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎ 某人忙于某事 ‎(2)occupation n. 占领；职业 ‎①He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experiment.‎ 他本来想参加你的生日晚会，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。‎ ‎②After entering senior high school, you should set aside some time to participate in some outofclass activities although occupied (occupy) in studying.‎ 进入高中后，尽管学习很忙，你也应该抽出一些时间参加一些课外活动。‎ ‎③I suppose I was looking for an occupation (occupy) which was going to be an adventure.‎ 我想我在找的是一份具有冒险性的工作。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“忙于(做)某事”的短语还有：‎ ‎①be engaged in sth.　②be employed in doing sth.‎ ‎③be busy with sth./doing sth.‎ ‎8．suit vt.适合vi.相称n.一套衣服 ‎[教材原句]　Do whichever of these things that suit you.‎ 做任何适合你的事。‎ ‎(1)suit ...to ...　　　　　　　　 使……适合于……‎ suit yourself 随自己的意愿 suit sb.fine 很适合某人 ‎(2)suitable adj. 合适的，适合的 be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事 ‎①He can suit his conversation to whoever he's with.‎ 无论跟谁说话，他都能说到一块儿。‎ ‎②Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am suitable for this job.(2015·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 首先，因为我的英语口语流利，我认为我适合这项工作。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．amount n．数量，数目；总额 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①The cost of the two items amounts to 1,000 yuan.‎ ‎②It's best to buy vegetables in large amounts because they are cheaper now.‎ ‎③Large amounts of money is spent on advertisements every year.is→are ‎[点拨]　an amount (of), amounts (of)作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常根据amount的单复数而定。‎ ‎2．consequence n．后果，结果 补全句子 ‎①由于失业的缘故，许多人为不得不离开家去寻找新的工作。‎ As_a_consequence_of/In_consequence_of unemployment, many people have to leave home for a new job.‎ ‎②年轻人应该学会承担自己行为的后果。‎ The young should learn to ‎ take/face/accept_the_consequences_of their actions.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It's very convenient for you to go to school by bus.‎ ‎2．We admit the best and brightest international students into/to our top universities.‎ ‎3．In consequence of his ill health, he lost the opportunity.‎ ‎4．He went through about four years of being addicted to video games.‎ ‎5．I don't appreciate being_treated (treat) like a secondclass citizen.‎ ‎6．Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the crops in the field.‎ ‎7．I occupied myself (I) in writing and I couldn't spare any time to play with you.‎ ‎8．We were not companions. We were not suited to each other.‎ ‎9．The children are arguing with their parents about where to spend their holiday.‎ ‎10．This type of TV has been sold in large amounts.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．An amount of story books have been bought for the children so far.have→has ‎2．I'll visit you next weekend if it is convenient for you.for→to ‎3．I feel that I have benefited greatly to her wisdom.to→from ‎4．We really appreciate your come to attend our wedding ceremony. come→coming ‎5．I have been so occupied at work that I haven't had time for social activities.at→with Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)‎ ‎1．要找个对每个人都合适的时间很困难。‎ ‎①It's difficult to find a time that suits_everybody.(suit)‎ ‎②It's difficult to find a time that is_suitable_for_everybody.(suitable)‎ ‎2．每天锻炼非常有益于你的健康。‎ ‎①Daily exercise is_greatly_beneficial_to your health.(beneficial)‎ ‎②Daily exercise is_of_great_benefit_to your health.(benefit n．)‎ ‎③Daily exercise greatly_benefits your health.(benefit v．)‎ ‎④Your health greatly_benefits_from daily exercise.(benefit v．)‎ ‎3．你应当有勇气承认错误。‎ ‎①You should have the courage to_admit_your_mistakes.‎ ‎(admit sth.)‎ ‎②You should have the courage to_admit_your_making_mistakes.(admit one's doing sth.)‎ ‎③You should have the courage to admit that you_made_mistakes.(admit that ...)‎ ‎4．很多孩子沉迷于上网，因此他们对学习失去了兴趣。‎ ‎①Many kids become/are/get_addicted_to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.(addicted adj.)‎ ‎②Many kids addict_themselves_to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.(addict vt.)‎ ‎③Addicted_to surfing the Net, many kids have lost interest in study.‎ ‎5．她一整天都忙于家务活，累的精疲力尽。‎ ‎①She was_occupied_in_doing housework all day, so she was tired out.‎ ‎②Occupied_in_doing_housework_all_day,_she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎③Occupying_herself_in_doing_housework_all_day,_she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．work out锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答；计算出；产生结果，发展；制订出 ‎　[经典例句]　He works out with weights twice a week.(朗文P2658)‎ 他每星期练两次举重。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中work out的含义 ‎①The famous actor keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning.锻炼身体 ‎②Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.解决，解答 ‎③The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.计算出 ‎④The research centre worked out a new plan and decided to carry it out immediately.制订出 ‎⑤You can't predict everything. Often things don't work out as you expect.产生结果 work on　　　　　　　　 从事……，继续……‎ work at 从事/致力于……‎ out of work 失业 at work 在工作；在干活 ‎⑥He has_been_working_on a new novel for over a year now.‎ 一年多来，他一直在写一部新小说。‎ ‎⑦The law to be carried out next month will benefit those who are out_of_work.‎ 将于下个月颁布的法律会使失业者受益。‎ ‎[名师点津]　work out作“解决；制订出”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼；产生结果”时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。‎ ‎2．rely on依赖，依靠；指望 ‎[经典例句]　As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.(牛津P1462)‎ 在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。‎ ‎(1)rely on sb./sth. doing/to do sth. 指望某人/某物做某事 rely on it that ... 相信……；指望……‎ ‎(2)reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 ‎①Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to_do/doing (do) everything for them.‎ 当今，孩子们过多地依赖父母为他们做一切事情。‎ ‎②You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.‎ 你放心好了，他会来见你的。‎ ‎③People say Daniel is reliable (rely) and honest; somehow, I don't feel I can trust him.‎ 人们都说丹尼尔诚实可靠，可我觉得就是不能相信他。‎ ‎3．How often do we arrive at work or school stressed_out,_tired_and_angry?‎ 有多少次我们是在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校的？‎ 此处stressed out, tired and angry是过去分词或形容词短语作状语，表示伴随情况。‎ ‎(1)在描绘性文字中，形容词(短语)或形容词化分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间或主语所处境况或意义增补。‎ ‎(2)形容词作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常构成系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。‎ ‎①Surprised (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.‎ 又惊又喜，托尼站起来接受了奖品。‎ ‎②One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing winds.‎ 一位妇女躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。‎ ‎③When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous_and_embarrassed.‎ 当轮到他发表演讲时，他走到了麦克风前，紧张而尴尬。‎ ‎④He was robbed last night, but fortunately (fortunate) he didn't have much money on him then.‎ 他昨晚被抢劫了，但幸运的是，那时他身上没有多少钱。‎ ‎4．Before 1908, when Ford's cars became available to the public, it_was only the very rich who could afford to own a car. ‎ ‎1908年福特汽车问世之前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。‎ ‎　此句使用了强调句型。强调句式的构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...。‎ ‎(1)当被强调的部分指人时，句子的连词可用that/who，否则就用that。‎ ‎(2)当被强调的部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。‎ ‎(3)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ...?‎ ‎(4)强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who ...?‎ ‎(5)对“not ...until ...”进行强调时，应使用句型“It is/was not until ...that ...”。若not until ... 置于句首时，句子要倒装。‎ ‎①You are waiting at a wrong place. It_is_at_the_hotel_that the coach picks up tourists.(2016·天津高考单选)‎ 你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。‎ ‎②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?‎ 是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？‎ ‎③What_was_it_that prevented him from coming in time?‎ 是什么使得他没及时来到？‎ ‎④It was not_until_all_the_fish_in_the_river_died_out_that they realized the importance of environment protecting.‎ 直到河里所有的鱼都死光了，他们才意识到环保是多么重要。 ‎ ‎[名师点津]　‎ ‎(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。‎ ‎(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用work短语填空(work on/work at/out of work)‎ ‎1．How long have you been working_at the bank?‎ ‎2．Scientists are still working_on inventing methods of reaching outer space.‎ ‎3．He has been out_of_work for two months.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换/补全句子 ‎1．He didn't meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from Africa that year.‎ ‎①Not until he came back from Africa that year did he meet the girl he would like to marry.‎ ‎②It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.‎ ‎2．You can't rely on your friends lending you the money.‎ ‎①You can't rely on your friends to lend you the money.‎ ‎②You can't rely on it that your friends will lend you the money.‎ ‎3．长途旅行后，他们三个人回家了，又累又饿。‎ After the long journey, the three of them went back home, tired_and_hungry.‎ ‎4．直到将近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。‎ It_was_not_until_near_the_end_of_the_letter_that she mentioned her ‎ own plan.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①现在很多青少年沉溺于网络。‎ Now many young people are_addicted_to the Internet.‎ ‎②上周我们举行了一次会议辩论因特网的利弊。 ‎ Last week we held a meeting arguing_about its advantages and disadvantages.‎ ‎③许多人认为互联网给我们带来极大的便利。‎ Most people admitted that the Internet brings_us_great_convenience.‎ ‎④网上也有大量不可靠和不健康的信息。 ‎ There are amounts_of unreliable and unhealthy information on the Internet.‎ ‎⑤因特网是一把双刃剑。‎ The Internet is a_doubleedged_sword.‎ ‎⑥作为学生，我们应当合理利用它。‎ As students, we should make_use_of_it properly.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用it is clear that ... 改写句①‎ It_is_clear_that_now_many_young_people_are_addicted_to_the_Internet._‎ ‎(2)用on the one hand ... on the other hand ...把句③和句④连接起来 On_the_one_hand,_most_people_admitted_that_the_Internet_brings_us_great_convenience._On_the_other_hand,_there_are_amounts_of_unreliable_and_unhealthy_information_on_the_Internet. ‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore, in consequence, so)‎ It is clear that now many young people are addicted to the Internet. Therefore, last week we held a meeting arguing about its advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand, most people admitted that the Internet brings us great convenience. On the other hand, there are amounts of unreliable and unhealthy information on the Internet. In consequence, the Internet is a doubleedged sword. So as students, we should make use of it properly. ‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——wherever引导让步状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Wherever someone finished a journey they would leave the bike there for someone else to use.‎ 这是一个主从复合句，Wherever someone finished a journey为wherever引导的让步状语从句，they would leave the bike there for someone else to use是主句。‎ 不管人造的光线洒到自然界的什么地方，生活的某一方面都会受到影响。‎ 真题长难句 Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.(2015·浙江高考)‎ 这是一个主从复合句，Wherever human light spills into the natural world为wherever引导的让步状语从句，some aspect of life is ‎ affected是主句。‎ ‎ “旅游与交通”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一，这一话题在高考中可能谈论一次旅行给自己的印象，也可能是比较交通工具的优劣和常见的交通问题。如：环境污染、堵车等。其题型分布广泛，涉及听力、完形填空、阅读理解及书面表达。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　(2010·四川高考)‎ Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight __21__ before setting down. High desert winds had __22__ the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be __23__ the city for a few minutes waiting to __24__. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened __25__ there might be a few bumps (颠簸). Well, that few minutes turned into about fortyfive minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (过山车) __26__ by comparison. The movement was so fierce that several passengers felt __27__ and had to use airsickness bags. As you might guess, that's not a good thing to have happened in a(n) __28__ space because it only __29__ to increase the discomfort of the situation.‎ ‎ About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very __30__. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be __31__ noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life ... except one. A __32__ was having a good time! With each bump of the __33__， he would let out a giggle (咯咯地笑) of delight. As I observed this, I __34__‎ ‎ that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his __35__. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grownups have learned from __36__. He was __37__ the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this, I took a deep breath and __38__ back into my seat, pretending I was __39__ on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight I even __40__ to giggle once or twice, much to the chagrin (懊恼) of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.‎ ‎21．A.mistake　　　　　　 B．delay C．change D．wind ‎22．A.forced B．warned C．swept D．reminded ‎23．A.watching B．visiting C．circling D．crossing ‎24．A.arrive B．enter C．stop D．land ‎25．A.if B．though C．because D．while ‎26．A.light B．pale C．easy D．quick ‎27．A.sick B．nervous C．angry D．afraid ‎28．A.empty B．narrow C．secret D．open ‎29．A.happens B．continues C．fails D．serves ‎30．A.quiet B．hot C．dirty D．crowded ‎31．A.partly B．gradually C．shortly D．clearly ‎32．A.pilot B．baby C．guard D．man ‎33．A.seats B．passengers C．flight D．airplane ‎34．A.realized B．hoped C．agreed D．insisted ‎35．A.health B．safety C．joy D．future ‎36．A.teachers B．books C．experience D．practice ‎37．A.learning B．taking C．missing D．enjoying ‎38．A.sat B．lay C．went D．rode ‎39．A.nearly B．finally C．really D．suddenly ‎40．A.attempted B．managed C．wanted D．decided ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首段，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由文章开头的话题句“I flew to ... meeting”和文中的关键信息句“the pilot ... apology ... setting down”“About twenty minutes ... adventure”等可判断此文是一篇记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 结合文中“flew, pilot, airport, airplane, passenger”等话题词汇和“bumps, roller coaster, anxiety and fear”等关键信息词可知此文探讨的是“乘飞机旅游或出行时遇到了危险，乘客们是如何面对的”。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文为记叙文。讲述了“我”最近坐飞机去Las Vegas的经历。飞机着陆前遭遇强风，不得不延迟降落。大家因飞机颠簸感到不适，而一个孩子却毫不担心安全问题，一心享受飞行。‎ ‎21．选B　delay“耽搁，延期”。由下文的描述可知，此处表示飞行员抱歉地说“飞机要延迟着陆”。‎ ‎22．选A　force sb. to do sth.“强迫某人去做某事”。强风迫使机场只开放一条跑道。‎ ‎23．选C　circle“盘旋，环绕……移动”。飞行员说，我们将在城市上空盘旋，择机着陆。‎ ‎24．选D　land在此作动词，意为“着陆”。上文信息“... before setting ‎ down”有暗示。文段主要讲飞机着陆前发生的故事。‎ ‎25．选C　because引导原因状语从句。该句的上下分句是因果关系。我们被要求坐在座位上，而且要系好安全带，因为飞机可能会有些颠簸。‎ ‎26．选B　pale“苍白的，暗淡的”。pale by comparison“相形见绌，黯然失色”。相比而言，似乎使过山车黯然失色。‎ ‎27．选A　sick“恶心的”。飞机的颠簸使几位乘客感到恶心，呕吐。下文“had to use airsickness bags”有暗示。‎ ‎28．选B　narrow“狭窄的，有限的”。大家都知道，飞机空间狭小。‎ ‎29．选D　serve to do sth.“起作用，产生……效果”。在飞机狭小的空间里有人呕吐，这会增加不适感。‎ ‎30．选A　二十分钟后，飞机内一片沉寂。‎ ‎31．选D　clearly“明显地”。很明显有人感到着急、害怕。‎ ‎32．选B　由下文内容可知，一个孩子并没感到处境危险，他随着飞机的颠簸还发出咯咯的笑声。‎ ‎33．选D　由上文的内容可知，此处指飞机颠簸。‎ ‎34．选A　我意识到这个孩子肯定不知道人们认为他应当担心自己的安全，即这个孩子不担心自己的安全。‎ ‎35．选B　safety“安全”，符合题意。‎ ‎36．选C　由上文那个孩子的表现可知，此处是说成年人从经历中学会了那些。‎ ‎37．选D　enjoy“享受”。这个孩子正享受着飞行呢。‎ ‎38．选A　我坐进座位里。‎ ‎39．选C　我假装真正地在体验坐过山车。nearly“‎ 差不多，几乎”；finally“终于，最后”；suddenly“突然地”。‎ ‎40．选B　manage to do sth.“做成了某事”，符合语意：我甚至也能咯咯笑几声。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法2]　利用背景常识解题 本文的话题背景是旅游与交通，该话题的文章多涉及交通工具或旅行经历等。据此，可以迅速解答下列题目：‎ ‎24题：由话题背景坐飞机出行和上文信息“before setting down”， “High desert winds”可知飞机难以着陆。故可推出本题答案为D。‎ ‎33题：根据话题背景以及文中关键词flew, airport等可知在空中使人感到颠簸的交通工具是飞机。故本题答案为D。‎ ‎35题：根据话题背景以及文中“bumps (颠簸)”可知作者旅行途中遇到安全问题。故本题答案为B。‎ ‎37题：由话题背景和文中关键词“giggle (咯咯地笑)”， 可推出没有遭遇危险经历的孩子在飞机发生颠簸时自然会是“享受”这种快乐的。故此题答案为D。‎ ‎38题：由话题背景和前后文中的“took a deep breath”， “back into my seat”可知我坐回到座位上，故选A项。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．fasten v．　　　　　　　　　 扣牢；系牢 ‎2．increase v. 增加；增长 ‎3．observe vt. 观察；遵守；庆祝 ‎4．seat belt 安全带 ‎5．by comparison 比较 ‎6．a sense of anxiety 焦虑感 ‎7．the rest of ... 剩下的；剩余的 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2013·安徽高考)‎ 假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。‎ 内容主要包括：‎ ‎1．遵守交通法规；‎ ‎2．注意举止文明。‎ 注意：1.词数120左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；‎ ‎4．短文的题目已为你拟好，不计入总词数。‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．乱丢东西于；把……弄乱　　　 litter ‎2．大量的 considerable ‎3．行人，步行者 pedestrian ‎4．吐痰 spit ‎5．违反交通规则 break_traffic_rules ‎6．牢记…… keep_..._in_mind ‎7．有意义；不同 make_a_difference 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．现在，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象是常见的，这对生活和环境造成了损害。(用and连接的并列句)‎ These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_uncommon,_and_they_caused_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.‎ ‎2．我会一路牢记交通规则。‎ I_will_keep_traffic_rules_in_mind_all_the_way.‎ ‎3．同时，我将会把帮助保持我们的环境干净、健康作为我的职责。‎ Meanwhile,_I_will_regard_it_as_my_duty_to_keep_our_environment_clean_and_healthy.‎ ‎4．我不仅会阻止到处扔垃圾和吐痰，如果可能的话，我也会帮助清扫道路边的垃圾。(用陈述句式和状语从句)‎ I_will_not_only_keep_from_littering_and_spitting_anywhere,_I_will_also_help_clean_up_the_roadside_litter_whenever_it_is_possible.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用现在分词作结果状语升级练习1‎ These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_uncommon,_causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_the_environment.‎ ‎2．用部分倒装句式和状语从句的省略升级练习4‎ Not_only_will_I_keep_from_littering_and_spitting_anywhere,_I_will_also_help_clean_up_the_roadside_litter_whenever_possible.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 On the Way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.As for me, it should start on my way to school.‎ I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike, I'll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.If I walk, I'll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing.Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behavior will make a ‎ difference.‎ ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．They built a platform (站台) in the trees from which they could watch the animals unobserved.‎ ‎2．You can't appreciate (欣赏) English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.‎ ‎3．He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow (不知何故地) he fell behind.‎ ‎4．He studied hard, and in consequence (结果) he passed the exam.‎ ‎5．The task will be finished ahead of schedule (进度表) if nothing prevents.‎ ‎6．As you know, reading is one of the best ways to build vocabulary (词汇量)．‎ ‎7．He lives somewhere in the neighbourhood (街坊) of the station.‎ ‎8．I wondered whether he had already known the content (内容) of my telegram.‎ ‎9．Such responses, even the tears, are beneficial (benefit) to one's longterm health.‎ ‎10．Some patients actually (actual) got worse after receiving the treatment.‎ ‎11．Stop feeling embarrassed because you are a sensitive (sense) person and your emotions are close to the surface.‎ ‎12．I am surprised you've got an unfavorable impression (impressive)‎ ‎ of him.‎ ‎13．He is a reliable (rely) man, and you can rely on him to do what he has promised.‎ ‎14．Hopefully (hopeful), I'll be able to stay at home for three weeks this time.‎ ‎15．We have provided seats for the convenience_ (convenient) of our customers.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．Addicting to his work, he forgot to go out to have lunch.Addicting→Addicted/Addicting后加himself ‎2．It was not until he came back which we got the news.which→that ‎3．We talked until the early hours, and consequent we overslept.consequent→consequently ‎4．We are supposed to form the habit of doing exercise, which is beneficial for our health.for→to ‎5．You can rely on that it will rain this weekend.on后加it ‎6．It's not easy to work on how much it costs to feed the average family.on→out ‎7．Joe is proud and stubborn, never admit he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame._admit→admitting ‎8．By the time he realizes he walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it.walked前加has ‎9．Every year large amounts of water has been wasted in our daily life.has→have ‎10．Is it convenient of you to come out this evening？of→for Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎ ‎1．他们又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了七天。‎ They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold_and_hungry.‎ ‎2．你方便四点钟接我并把我送到机场吗？‎ Would_it_be_convenient_for_you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?‎ ‎3．不要指望他做任何事情——他只是个空谈家。‎ Don't rely_on_him_to_do/doing_anything — he is just a talker.‎ ‎4．如果你给我这样一次机会展示才华我将感激不尽。 ‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.‎ ‎5．无论走到哪里他都能适应新环境。‎ Wherever_he_goes,_he can accommodate himself to new circumstances.‎ ‎6．直到上周五他才看完这本书。‎ It_was_not_until_last_Friday_that he finished reading the book.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A ‎(2018·湖南省重点名校联考)The best folk music albums of 2016, regularly updated with picks from Culture Editor Martin Chilton. The albums are listed purely in order in which they have been reviewed.‎ Songs of Separation Collective: Songs of Separation Jenny Hill has brought 10 female musicians to create songs around the issues of “separation” — emotional, political, and social. Literary influences abound, including Robert Frost. Andy Bell coproduced the album. The harmonies are beautiful and the lyrics are thoughtprovoking. A good start to the year for folk music.‎ Mortal Tides: Light In/Light Out The musicians that make up Mortal Tides are still teenagers and there is unspoilt musical enthusiasm for their debut (首次推出的) album. Lead singer Noah Bevington gels well with drummer George Brignal. Jed Bevington has a nice tone to his violin playing and Fergus Quill, on bass, helps things hum along.‎ Ciaran Algar: The Final Waltz There are some really fine tracks on Ciaran Algar's debut solo (独唱的) album, especially Popcorn Behaviour and Morrison's. He has the ability to capture a song and make it sweet. It's good to see Algar growing in musical ambition, and he also plays mandolin, banjo, guitar, bouzouki and percussion.‎ Boreas: Ahoy Hoy Ahoy Hoy is an attractive musical union of Scotland and Norway, featuring Lori Watson, Britt Pernille Frøholm, Irene Tillung and Rachel Newton. The driving beat of the track showcases Newton's elegant playing. There is fine instrumental playing, Gaelic singing and the pure joy of Happy Set.‎ ‎1．Which may a person loving different performing styles on the same topic choose?‎ A．Songs of Separation.　 B．Light In/Light Out.‎ C．The Final Waltz. D．Ahoy Hoy.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从第一张专辑的介绍中可知，它是关于同一主题“separation”的不同风格的演唱的，而且专辑中的歌曲由不同的歌手演唱，所以本题选A。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Mortal Tides?‎ A．It consists of teens and adults.‎ B．There're three members in it.‎ C．Jed Bevington is the lead singer.‎ D．It's a folk band.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。从第二张专辑中的“The musicians that make up Mortal Tides are still teenagers ... Lead singer ... drummer ...”可以看出，Mortal Tides应该是一个乐队。再结合文章开头的“The best folk music albums”可知，它是一个民俗乐队。‎ ‎3．How is The Final Waltz different from the others?‎ A．It features mainly one singer.‎ B．The players are from different countries.‎ C．It includes some literary elements.‎ D．It shows Ciaran Algar's harmony skills.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。从该专辑的介绍中的“There are some really fine tracks on Ciaran Algar's debut solo (独唱的) album”可以看出，这是一张单人专辑，而其他三张专辑都收录了多个歌手的歌曲，故选A。‎ ‎4．What type of writing is this passage?‎ A．An advertisement for albums.‎ B．An album review.‎ C．An introduction to singers.‎ D．A musical record.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“The albums are listed purely in order in which they have been reviewed”可知，文章是有关四张专辑的简单评论，故选B。‎ B The morning sun was shining on fivefoot waves as old friends McKenzie Clark and Brian Wargo slid their surfboards into the warm ‎ water and paddled out to sea.‎ About 400 yards from shore, McKenzie's board hit what she thought was a rock.When she looked down, instead she saw the outline of a shark easily — twelve feet long.She screamed as she felt the board rising, the shark's body breaking the surface.“I settled on its head, getting pulled out to sea，” says McKenzie, 35.Brian, 45, saw the tiger shark.He knew the species was aggressive and paddled anxiously toward his friend.‎ Before Brian reached McKenzie, the shark slipped beneath the water, leaving her on the surfboard, gripping its side with her left hand.Seconds later, the shark bit into the surfboard, pinning McKenzie's hand to the board.As she pulled it free, she fell into the water, still tied to the board by her ankle leash.The shark took off again toward open water, the surfboard still in its mouth.Blood flowed from her left hand as McKenzie removed the leash from her ankle.“He's coming back，” Brian yelled to McKenzie.“Get on your board！”‎ On its way in McKenzie's direction, the shark swam underneath Brian's board, and when the shark's fin appeared above water, Brian caught it.With his left hand holding onto the fin, Brian hit the shark in the gills (鱼鳃) with his right fist several times.On the fifth blow, “The shark trembled，” Brian says, and swam back out toward open water.‎ ‎“Are you OK？” Brian called out.‎ ‎“He bit my fingers off！” McKenzie responded.‎ Two other surfers heard the yelling and swam over to help.Back on dry land, Brian drove Mckenzie to the hospital, about 25 miles away, where doctors removed part of her left fingers and repaired damage to her hand.‎ McKenzie realizes how lucky she was that her friend was there to help.For his part, Brian says he acted on instinct.“I knew what I had to ‎ do to save my friend，” he says.‎ 语篇解读：文章讲述了两个朋友去冲浪，其中一人被鲨鱼袭击，另一人勇敢击退鲨鱼，拯救朋友的故事。‎ ‎5．What made McKenzie's board rise?‎ A．The pull of the shark. B．The crash into a rock.‎ C．The strong waves. D．The shark's body.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“She screamed as she felt the board rising, the shark's body breaking the surface.”可知，鲨鱼的身体冲出水面使得她的冲浪板升了起来。故选D项。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Mckenzie's left hand. B．McKenzie's surfboard.‎ C．The aggressive shark. D．The strong wave.‎ 解析：选A　代词指代题。根据第三段第一句中的“leaving her on the surfboard, gripping its side with her left hand”和第二句可知，it指代麦肯齐被鲨鱼咬住的左手。‎ ‎7．How did Brian help his friend McKenzie?‎ A．By removing the leash from her ankle.‎ B．By hitting the shark in its gills.‎ C．By helping her get on her board again.‎ D．By holding the shark's fin back toward open water.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“With his left hand holding onto the fin, Brian hit the shark in the gills ... On the fifth blow ... swam back out toward open water.”可知，布赖恩击打鲨鱼的鳃，使得鲨鱼逃跑，从而救了朋友麦肯齐。‎ ‎8．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．McKenzie had her left hand fingers removed.‎ B．The shark was frightened away by surfers' shouts.‎ C．Brian didn't think his action a great deal at all.‎ D．McKenzie's board was torn into halves by the shark.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“For his part, Brian says he acted on instinct.‘I knew what I had to do to save my friend，’ he says.”可知，布赖恩认为自己的救人行为是出于本能，并不觉自己的行为很了不起。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Who could have imagined that a treadmill on wheels would one day go somewhere? The Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.‎ Bruin Bergmeester, the founder of the Lopifit says it all started when he asked himself the question “How can I use the treadmill outdoors？” He eventually came up with a functional design, added an electric engine, and the Lopifit was made. It's similar to an electric bicycle in that the motor only engages when the rider puts power in as well.‎ To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery and use your foot to slide the treadmill backwards and activate the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast, all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand brakes. The right lever stops the motor assist and activates a rear disc brake, while the left one stops the treadmill itself, so you can go from motor assist to coasting.‎ The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became ‎ an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started getting inquiries and calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production. The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and the Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $2,115.‎ But despite having a very loyal fanbase of socalled Lopifitters, the ingenious means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the concept stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you're going to walk, you might as well do it the old fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you “walk” really fast without breaking a sweat, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文。跑步机也能成为一种交通工具吗？多亏了Lopifit的创始人Bruin Bergmeester的脑洞，这已经成为现实。‎ ‎1．What can you do with the help of the Lopifit?‎ A．Answer some hard questions.‎ B．Add power to your bicycle.‎ C．Create a treadmill on wheels.‎ D．Cycle to work by walking.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。第一段告诉我们电动自行车Lopifit是一款与众不同的交通工具，你可以通过在跑步机行走来为它充电，故选择D项。‎ ‎2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A．How the Lopifit was born.‎ B．Where the Lopifit can be used.‎ C．Who the Lopifit was intended for.‎ D．Which design is suitable for the Lopifit.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“it all started when he ‎ asked himself the question ‘How can I use the treadmill outdoors？’ He eventually came up with a functional design”可知，该段主要讲述了Lopifit的诞生。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE about using the Lopifit?‎ A．The right lever can stop the Lopifit's treadmill.‎ B．The left lever can control the Lopifit's rear disc brake.‎ C．The right lever can make the Lopifit's motor stop working.‎ D．Your foot can help the Lopifit go from motor assist to coasting.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The right lever stops the motor assist and activates a rear disc brake”可知选C项。‎ ‎4．According to Paragraph 4, we know that the Lopifit ________.‎ A．was hard to design B．was cheap and available in 2014‎ C．always broke down on the streets D．couldn't meet customers' demands 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started getting inquiries and calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production”可知，2014年Lopifit首次出街便火速蹿红。这对Lopifit公司来说是一个很大的考验，因为他们还没有做好大规模生产的准备，就开始收到咨询和订购需求。‎ B Living among trees, plants and flowers can fill your life with beauty. And if you are a woman, it can also help you live longer.‎ Women who live in homes surrounded by plants appear to have lower death rates than women who live in areas with ‎ less green plants, according to a research.‎ Peter James and his team looked at information from one of the largest and oldest investigations of women's health: the Nurses' Health Study.‎ For the new study, the team looked at the death rates of more than 100,000 women between the years 2008 and 2015. Then the researchers compared the death rates of these women to the green plants around their homes. To determine the amount of trees and other vegetation (植被), researchers examined satellite images.‎ To make it more believable, the researchers considered other risk factors — things such as the age of the women, their economic status, and race. They also looked at whether or not the women smoked.‎ Peter James says he and his team were surprised to find such a strong link between high vegetation levels and low death rates. He adds they were also surprised to find how high levels of plant life can affect a woman's mental health.‎ The study suggests that living among vegetation lowered levels of depression. Researchers say women in greener areas spent more time with other people, exercised more and were less exposed to air pollution.‎ One of the biggest effects of greenery appeared to be a lowered risk of cancer. Here are some numbers. The study found that women living in the greenest areas had a 13 percent lower rate of dying from cancer.‎ James says that it is common knowledge that vegetation helps the environment in many ways. But, he adds, the new findings suggest ways for city planners, landscape architects and policymakers to grow even healthier living areas.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 植物对环境有很多益处。研究者认为，女性若住在四处环绕植物的地方，死亡率会较低、可以减轻抑郁以及降低患癌症的风险；而且还发现植物寿命长短可影响女性的心理健康。‎ ‎5．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To introduce the green environment and call on people to enjoy it.‎ B．To show women living in green areas are more likely to live long.‎ C．To show the relationship between animals and plants.‎ D．To give some tips on how to live long.‎ 解析：选B　写作目的题。文章第一段引出话题，第二段提出本文的主题——女性若住在四处环绕植物的地方，死亡率会较低，下文对此话题展开说明，并详细介绍了该研究是如何进行的。由此可推断，作者写作本文的目的是说明生活在绿色植物较多的区域的女性可能寿命更长。故选B项。‎ ‎6．How did the researchers make the research more convincing?‎ A．By studying more people.‎ B．By examining satellite images.‎ C．By taking more factors into account.‎ D．By cooperating with the Nurses' Health Study.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“To make it more believable, the researchers considered other risk factors — things such as the age of the women, their economic status, and race.”可知，为了使研究更有说服力，研究者考虑了很多因素。故选C项。‎ ‎7．When James found the connection between vegetation levels and death rates, he was ________.‎ A．excited　　　　　　　 B．unconcerned C．relieved D．surprised 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Peter James says he and his team were surprised to find such a strong link between high ‎ vegetation levels and low death rates.”可知，当詹姆斯和他的团队发现高绿化率和低死亡率之间存在密切的联系时，他们很惊讶。故选D项。‎ ‎8．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．People are unlikely to develop cancer because of living with green plants.‎ B．People die from cancer more than from other diseases.‎ C．Living with green plants can help lower depression.‎ D．This finding is specially made for city planners.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第七段第一句“The study suggests that living among vegetation lowered levels of depression.”可知，住在四处环绕植物的地方可以帮助减轻抑郁。故选C项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Learning a language can be difficult, especially for adults. English is an especially difficult language to learn because of the grammatical rules.__1__That's because it draws words from several European languages. In addition, many English learners have to learn the pronunciation of some letter sounds they never used in the native language. These factors can be discouraging for someone who wishes to master the English language. However, the difficulties of learning English can be solved.‎ ‎__2__ Most schools have a center that offers help with English learning. Sometimes these centers are called “international centers”．‎ ‎__3__Libraries have lots of books for the learners that can be borrowed for free. Many libraries also offer English tutoring or conversation partners.‎ Find a conversation partner. If you don't have a partner, your school English center can set you up with one, or you can advertise for ‎ one in your local newspaper. Talking with a native English speaker is important to English learning.__4__And he can answer your questions about English. Talking with someone also gives you a chance to practice your pronunciation.‎ Read popular Englishlanguage books.Pick books that are at your level or a little easier to encourage you. If you choose something too difficult, you might become unhappy and give up.__5__‎ Watch popular Englishlanguage TV shows and movies.This helps improve your listening abilities, as you become more and more used to hearing English words and finally begin to master them more easily. You also learn how people speak English in everyday conversation.‎ A．Go to your local library.‎ B．English vocabulary is also difficult to learn.‎ C．Visit the English resource center in your school.‎ D．A conversation partner can correct your mistakes.‎ E．You can go to a country where English is widely spoken.‎ F．Reading stories helps you learn vocabulary easily and quickly.‎ G．Write and read English words as many times as you can if you have time.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了学好英语的方法，包括常逛图书馆、多阅读畅销英语图书、看英语电视节目和电影等。‎ ‎1．解析：选B　英语难学不仅因为英语语法难学，还因为英语词汇难学。很多英语单词来自一些欧洲的语言。因此B项符合语境。‎ ‎2．解析：选C　下一句提到了大多数学校都有为英语学习者提供帮助的服务中心，因此此空选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：选A　本段主要介绍了图书馆为英语学习者提供的服务，因此A项符合语境。‎ ‎4．解析：选D　本段主要强调了与搭档交流的好处。你的会话搭档不仅能帮你纠正错误，还能为你解惑。‎ ‎5．解析：选F　本段主要讲了读英语图书的好处。F项符合语境。读英语故事有助于你学习词汇。‎