2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4学案设计（40页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4学案设计（40页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4学案设计 话题素材——自然灾害 好词 ‎1.suffering n. 痛苦；苦难 ‎2.harmfuladj. 有害的 ‎3.rescue n. &vt. 救援 ‎4.frightened adj. 害怕的 ‎5.hopelessadj. 没希望的 ‎6.be shocked at 对……感到震惊 ‎7.attach great importance to... 十分重视……；认为……非常重要 ‎8.burst out 突然爆发 ‎9.in harmony with 与……和谐 ‎10.take_measures/sttif_to_do_sth. 采取措施做某事 ‎11.do damage to 对……有害；损害 ‎12.get_rid_of 消除；摆脱掉；除掉 ‎13.take_on_a_new_look 呈现新面貌 ‎14.lead to/contribute to 导致 佳句 ‎1.United we stand; divided we fall.‎ 团结则存；分裂则亡。‎ ‎2.It_is_really_amazing_that the once-ruined place has now been turned ‎ into a beautiful town, full_of_life.‎ 令人惊奇的是，这个曾经被毁灭的地方已经变成了一个漂亮的城镇，生机勃勃。‎ ‎3.Obviously,_without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.‎ It_is_love_and_concern_that have brought about the great changes.‎ 很明显，要是没有全社会的帮助，就不会有今天的新学校，是爱和关心导致了这巨大的改变。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ How to survive in an earthquake On April 20, 2013 an earthquake with the magnitude of 7.0 hit Lushan County of Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. The earthquake has caused significant damage. So how to take safety measures during an earthquake has become an important issue. Here are some guidelines to staying safe in earthquakes.‎ Firstly, don't be nervous and keep calm. Try to get into an open area away from trees, buildings, walls, signs, power lines and anything else that might fall on you if outdoors. Secondly, if you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. Cover your head and neck with your arms. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover ‎ near windows, large mirrors and hanging objects. Thirdly, never go to the stairs and never take the lift to go downstairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people.‎ Though we can't stop earthquakes, we can reduce the damage that earthquakes bring us if we take right measures.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．burst (vi.) 爆裂；爆发 (n.) 突然破裂；爆发→burst (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎2．event (n.) 事件；大事 ‎3．nation (n.) 国家；民族；国民→national (adj.) 国家的；民族的；全国的→nationality (n.) 国籍 ‎4．dirt (n.) 污垢；泥土→dirty (adj.) 肮脏的 ‎5．ruin (n.) 废墟；毁灭 (vt.) 毁灭；使破产 ‎6．suffering (n.) 苦难；痛苦→suffer (v.) 遭受(苦难等)‎ ‎7．extreme (adj.) 极度的→extremely (adv.) 极度地 ‎8．injure (vt.) 损害；伤害→injury (n.) 伤害；损害→injured (adj.) 受伤的 ‎9．destroy (vt.) 破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction (n.) 破坏；摧毁 ‎10．track (n.) 轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎11．useless (adj.) 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful (反义词) (adj.) 有用的；有益的 ‎12．shock (vt. &vi.) (使)震惊；震动 (n.) 休克；打击；震惊→shocking (adj.) 令人震惊的→shocked ‎(adj.) 震惊的 ‎13．rescue (n. &vt.) 援救；营救 ‎14．trap (vt.) 使陷入困境 (n.) 陷阱；困境→trapped (过去式/过去分词)‎ ‎15．electricity (n.) 电；电流；电学→electric (adj.) 用电的；带电的→electrical (adj.) 与电有关的；电学的 ‎16．disaster (n.) 灾难；灾祸 ‎17．bury (vt.) 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎18．shelter (n.) 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 ‎19．damage (n. &vt.) 损失；损害 ‎20．frighten (vt.) 使惊吓；吓唬→frightened (adj.) 受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening (adj.) 令人恐惧的 ‎21．congratulation (n.) 祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate (vt.) 祝贺 ‎22．judge (n.) 裁判员；法官 (vt.&vi.) 断定；判断；判决→_judgement (n.) 判断力；识别力 ‎23．express (vt.) 表示；表达 (n.) 快车；速递→(n.) expression 表达；表情 ‎24．survivor (n.) 幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive (vt. &vi.) 幸存；存活下来→survival (n.) 生存；存活；幸存 重点短语 ‎1．think_little_of 轻视；认为……没价值 ‎2．as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎3．dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎4．raise_money 集资；筹款；募捐 ‎5．right_away 立刻；马上 ‎6．at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎7．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎8．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 ‎9．in_the_open_air 在户外 ‎10．give_a_speech 做演讲 ‎11．cut_across 抄近路穿过；走近路 ‎12．be_buried_in 埋头于 热点句型 ‎1．too... to... “太……而不能……”‎ In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat (紧张得不吃食)．(教材 P26)‎ ‎2．looking for... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语 Mice ran out of the fields looking_for_places_to_hide (找地方藏身)．(教材 P26)‎ ‎3．It seems/seemed as if...“看起来好像……”‎ It_seemed_as_if (看起来好像)the world was at an end！(教材 P26)‎ ‎4．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents (成了孤儿)．(教材P26)‎ ‎5．everywhere 用作连词，引导让步状语从句 Everywhere_they_looked (人们无论朝哪看)nearly everything was destroyed.(教材 P26)‎ ‎6．all...not 表示部分否定 All_hope_was_not (并不是所有的希望)lost.(教材 P26)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The army organized teams to dig out those who ________ (trap) and to bury the dead.‎ 答案：were trapped ‎2．________ (slow), the city began to breathe again.‎ 答案：Slowly ‎3．It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than two hundred kilometres away.‎ 答案：which ‎4．In fifteen terrible seconds a large city ________ (lie) in ruins.‎ 答案：lay ‎5．________number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.‎ 答案：The ‎6．Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed.‎ 答案：whose ‎7．Your speech was heard by a group of five ________ (judge), all of ________ agreed that it was the best one this year.‎ 答案：judges; whom ‎8．________you know, this is the day the quake happened thirty-five years ago.‎ 答案：As ‎9．________(congratulate)! We are pleased ________ (tell) you that you have won the high school speaking competition.‎ 答案：Congratulations; to tell ‎10．This ________ (frighten) boy whose mother ________ (lose) in the disaster is looking for her now.‎ 答案：frightened; was lost ‎1 burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)‎ 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。‎ 归纳拓展 burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst out doing sth.＝burst into＋n. 突然……起来 burst into tears/laughter＝bursst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起来 burst out cheering＝burst into cheers 突然欢呼起来 burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入 burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支 a burst of 一阵……‎ 名师点睛 burst into 与 burst out 都有“突然进入某种状态或突然发生某种情况”的意思，但 burst into 后面接名词，burst out 后面接动名词。‎ 语境助记 ‎①Hearing this, the whole class burst_out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ 听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。‎ ‎②He burst_into_the_room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.‎ 他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。‎ ‎③At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst_with_joy.‎ 听到这个星期爸爸要从伦敦回来的消息，我觉得心花怒放。‎ ‎2 ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；毁灭；成为废墟；‎ 使破产 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)‎ 在可怕的 15 秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 come/go/fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产 ‎(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 语境助记 ① ‎[2016·北京高考]When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in_ruins.‎ 当他们第二天回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的街区已成为一片废墟。‎ ‎②A large number of churches fell_into_ruin after the revolution.‎ 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。‎ ‎③A village once so attractive was brought_to_ruin.‎ 一个曾经那么美好的村庄被毁掉了。‎ ‎④If you're addicted to computer games, you'll ruin_yourself.‎ 如果你沉溺于玩电脑游戏，你会毁了自己。‎ ‎⑤The bad weather has ruined_all_my_pleasure for the holiday.‎ 糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。‎ ‎3 injure vt.损害；伤害 Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26)‎ 他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤的人(集合概念)‎ ‎(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 语境助记 ‎①Luckily she was_not_badly_injured and was sent to the nearest hospital.‎ 幸运的是她受伤不严重，并且被送到了最近的医院。‎ ‎②A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the_injured to the hospital.‎ 在十字路口发生了可怕的交通事故，救护车把伤者火速送到了医院。‎ ‎③Don't lift that tool-box—you'll do_yourself_an_injury!‎ 别搬那只工具箱，你会伤着你自己的！‎ ‎④What the newspaper reported did_a_great_injury_to_her_fame.‎ 报纸上所报道的严重损害了她的名誉。‎ ‎⑤用 injure, wound, hurt, harm 的正确形式填空 a．He claimed that working too hard was harming his health.‎ b．He died of a single gunshot wound to the left side of his head.‎ c．What he said hurt me deeply.‎ d．One of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.‎ ‎4 shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊 Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked.(P26)‎ 井里充满了沙子而不是水。人们都震惊了。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)in (a state of) shock 震惊地 a great shock 极大的震惊 be a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击 come as a shock 让某人大吃一惊 ‎(2)shocked adj. 感到惊讶的 be shocked at/by sth. 对……感到震惊 ‎(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 名师点睛 shock 意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词，其前通常与不定冠词 a 连用。即：抽象名词具体化。‎ 语境助记 ‎①I was_shocked_to_hear that he had resigned.‎ 听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。‎ ‎②We were all shocked_at the news of his death.‎ 听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]He isn't seriously injured but he is in_(a_state_of)_ shock.‎ 他伤得不重，但惊魂未定。‎ ‎④The news of my promotion came as_a_shock.‎ 我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。‎ ‎⑤The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was_a_shock_to their fans.‎ 这两位当红明星一起非法吸毒的消息对他们的影迷们是一个打击。‎ ‎⑥[2016·北京高考]So scientists have come up with a_shocking_idea.‎ 因此专家们想出了一个令人震惊的主意。‎ ‎⑦[2016·北京高考]Now, electric_shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.‎ 现在，电击训练和药物治疗正帮助挽救这些大鸟。‎ ‎5 bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏 The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (P26)‎ 救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)be buried in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 ‎(2)bury oneself in one's work/studies. 埋头工作；专心学习 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 名师点睛 表“专心于某事”的短语常见的还有：be devoted to， be absorbed in， be addicted to， be lost in，focus on， concentrate on 等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①She buried_her_face_in_her_hands and wept when she heard the bad ‎ news.‎ 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。‎ ‎②Ever since he moved there, he has_buried_himself_in his research work.‎ ‎→Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.‎ 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。‎ ‎③Buried_in/Burying_himself_in his study, he didn't know it was raining hard outside.‎ 他埋头学习，不知道外面正下大雨。‎ ‎④She sat there, buried_in_thought.‎ 她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。‎ ‎⑤He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried_in the pockets of his dark overcoat.‎ 他站在人行道上，双手插在深色外套的口袋里。‎ ‎6 judge n. 裁判员；法官；评判员 v. 判定；判断；判决 Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(P30)‎ 有 5 个裁判员听了你的演讲，他们都说它是今年最棒的演讲。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)judging from/by... 根据……来判断 ‎(2)judge＋sb./sth.＋by/on... 以……来判断……‎ judge＋sb./sth.(＋to be)＋n./adj. 判断……为……‎ judge it＋adj.＋to do sth. 认为做某事是……‎ ‎(3)judgementn. 判断；审判；判断力 make a judgement about 对……做判断 名师点睛 judging from/by...置于句首作状语。其中 v.-ing 形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似用法的词或短语还有：generally speaking“一般来说”；frankly speaking“坦白地说”；considering...“考虑到……”。‎ 语境助记 ‎①“You can't judge a book by_ its cover，” as the old saying goes.‎ 正如谚语所说，“勿以貌取人。”‎ ‎②We judge him to_be the best candidate.‎ ‎＝We judge that he is the best candidate.‎ 我们认为他是最佳人选。‎ ‎③Judging_from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.‎ 从她的上封来信看，他们过得非常愉快。‎ ‎④[牛津高阶]He refused to make_a_judgement_about the situation.‎ 他拒绝对形势作出评价。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Greatly ________ (shock) at the sad news, he stood there, paralysed with fear.‎ 答案：shocked 考查分词作状语。shock 与 he 之间为被动关系，故填 shocked。‎ ‎2．To our relief, up to now the injured in the crash of Tianjin ________ (carry) to the nearby hospital.‎ 答案：have been carried 考查动词的时态和语态。根据 up to now 可知，用现在完成时；再由主语与 carry 之间为被动关系可知，答案为现在完成时的被动语态。本题也要注意主谓一致。‎ ‎3．I haven't read all of his books before, but ________ (judge) from the one I have read, I think he's a very promising writer.‎ 答案：judging 考查固定搭配。judging from...意为“由……来判断”。‎ ‎4．Seeing the ________ (frighten) scene, the little girl was so ________ (frighten) that she cried suddenly.‎ 答案：frightening; frightened 考查-ing 与-ed 构成的形容词的区别。前者由现在分词转化而来，表示主动，意为“令人……的”；后者由过去分词转化而来表示被动，意为“感到……的”。‎ ‎5．On seeing Jay Chou appear on the Voice of China, the audience burst out ________ (cheer)．‎ 答案：cheering 考查“burst out＋doing”结构，意为“突然……起来”。‎ ‎6．With his face ________ (bury) in the pillow, he cried loudly.‎ 答案：buried 考查 with 的复合结构。his face 与 bury 之间为被动关系。‎ ‎7．The rescue team has saved more than ten people ________(trap) under ‎ the collapsed building.‎ 答案：trapped 考查过去分词作定语。trap 与 people 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式，注意其拼写。‎ ‎8．She found it was ________ (extreme) difficult to get a job.‎ 答案：extremely 考查副词。此处是副词修饰形容词，extremely difficult“极其困难”。‎ ‎9．I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered ________ the freezing and blowing weather.‎ 答案：from 考查固定搭配。shelter from... “躲避(风雨或危险)”。‎ ‎10．The two sportsmen congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands.‎ 答案：on 考查固定搭配。congratulate sb. on doing sth.“祝贺某人做某事”。‎ ‎1 at an end 结束；终结 It seemed as if the world was at an end！(P26)‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)at the end of 在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)‎ in the end 最后；终于 by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)‎ come to an end 结束 be at an end 结束 put/bring sth. to an end 结束……‎ make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 ‎(2)end up 结束；告终 end in 以……结束 ‎(3)end up with 以……结束 end up doing sth.最后做某事；终止做某事 ‎(4)ending n. 结局；结尾 Endless adj. 无止境的；连续的 语境助记 ‎①The meeting was nearly at_an_end when I got to the meeting room.‎ 当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。‎ ‎②[2016·天津高考]Then came the final awards ceremony at_the_end_of the year.‎ 然后年底最后的颁奖仪式随之而来。‎ ‎③[牛津高阶]Many families struggled to make_ends_meet in economic crisis.‎ 经济危机时很多家庭努力使收支平衡。‎ ‎④His life returned to normal after the war came_to_an_end.‎ 战争结束后他的生活恢复了正常。‎ ‎⑤Policemen were called out to put_an_end_to the disorder in the streets.‎ 警察被召来平息街头的骚乱。‎ ‎⑥a.By the end of this week, I will_have_finished most of the work.‎ 到本周末为止，我将会完成大部分工作。‎ b．His newly written novel had_been_translated into English by the end of last month.‎ 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。‎ ‎⑦I ended_up_doing all the work myself.‎ 结果所有的活儿都是我一个人干的。‎ ‎2 a (great) number of 许多；大量的 Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)‎ 那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。‎ 归纳拓展 ( 1( a great/large/‎ small number of a great/good many quite a few/a good few ‎＋可数名词复数 ( 2( a great deal of a great/large amount of large amounts of quite a little ‎＋不可数名词 ( 3( a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of large quantities of plenty of ‎＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 名师点睛 ‎(1)a large/great number of “许多的；大量的”，后面跟可数名词复数形式。number 之前可加某些 表示数量大小的形容词。a number of 加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)a great many 后修饰可数名词时，通常不加 of，但名词前有定冠词 the 或形容词性物主代词修 饰时要加上 of。‎ ‎(3)large quantities of＋pl. n．/ [U]n.作主语，谓语动词用复数；a large quantity of＋pl. n. /[U]n.作主 语，谓语动词用单数；large amounts of＋[U] n．作主语，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(4) þïý many a ïü more than one ＋可数名词单数＋谓语(单数形式)‎ 语境助记 ‎①[牛津高阶]A large number of people have_applied for the job.‎ 许多人申请了这工作。‎ ‎②The number of homeless people has_increased dramatically.‎ 无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。‎ ‎③With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed away.‎ 由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。‎ ‎④A great deal of money has_been_spent on the new hospital.‎ 在这家新医院上面已经花费了大量金钱。‎ ‎⑤[ 一 言 辨 异 ]Now a_number_of college graduates are seeking to get a high-paid job. But the_number_of posts available for them is often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但可得到的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 in ruins； bury oneself in； give out； in the open air； a large number of； burst into； at an end； right away； think little of； dig out ‎1．Hearing the news that his mother was ill in hospital, he rushed to the hospital ________.‎ 答案：right away ‎2．He ________ my advice, which made me very upset.‎ 答案：thought little of ‎3．Though it was hot, I saw many people working ______.‎ 答案：in the open air ‎4．I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own ________ books.‎ 答案：a large number of ‎5．He felt so terrible that he thought his world was ______.‎ 答案：at an end ‎6．More than a dozen people ________ of the ruins were still in hospital.‎ 答案：digged out ‎7．________ the newspaper, she didn't notice what was happening.‎ 答案：Burying herself in ‎8．He has refused to ______ any information on the matter.‎ 答案：give out ‎9．What surprised us is that the whole city lay ________ in such a short time.‎ 答案：in ruins ‎10．My English teacher's humor was such fun as to make every student ________ laughter.‎ 答案：burst into ‎1 In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat. (P26)‎ 在农场里，鸡群甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ 归纳拓展 too...to... 本意“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义，而在下列情况中表示肯定意义：‎ ‎①only/just/but too...to... “非常……去做……”‎ too 前的 only/just/but 不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了 too 的肯定语气 ‎②too 后面的形容词为表示心情或描绘性形容词的时候，如：happy, pleased, willing, thankful,‎ delighted, anxious, eager, kind, good 等，表示肯定意义。‎ ‎③too...to... 中的 too 前面有 never/can't 等时，此结构为双重否定表示肯定。‎ can't... too/enough...意为“越……越好；再……也不为过”。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[牛津高阶]It's too_late_to_do anything about it now.‎ 现在进行任何补救都为时已晚。‎ ‎②You can't_be_too_careful while driving a car.‎ 在开车时，你越小心越好。‎ ‎③He is only too_delighted_to accept your invitation.‎ 他非常高兴地接受了你的邀请。‎ ‎④Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that it sounded too_good_to_be_true.‎ 听到老师的话，孩子们很可能觉得事情听起来太好了而有些不太真实。‎ ‎⑤[2016·天津高考]I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always ‎ too_busy_to_carry_on a conversation with her.‎ 我讨厌在我工作时她打电话过来，我总是忙得不能和她交谈。‎ ‎2 It seemed as_if the world was at an end！(P26)‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ 归纳拓展 名师点睛 如果 as if 引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有 be 动词，可省略从句中的主语和 be动词，这样 as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语(、介词短语或分词。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[牛津高阶]He behaved as if nothing had_happened.‎ 他表现得若无其事。‎ ‎②[2016·江苏高考]More generally, the Internet functions as if it_were my memory.‎ 一般来说，网络起得作用就好像它是我的记忆一样。‎ ‎③The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he_is)_hurt_badly in the leg.‎ 这个足球运动员在操场上打着滚，似乎他的腿伤得很厉害。‎ ‎④It looks as if it_isn't clean enough to swim here.‎ 看起来(水)好像不太干净，不能在这儿游泳。‎ ‎⑤Tom raised his right hand as though/if (he_was)_to_say something.‎ 汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。‎ ‎3 All hope was not lost.(P26)‎ 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)英语中的 all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有 总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not 连用时，无论 not 位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。‎ ‎(2)英语中的 no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。‎ 名师点睛 both 的全部否定为 neither； all 的全部否定为 none； either 与否定词连用表全部否定。‎ 语境助记 ‎①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not_all_of_them are fit for them.‎ 所有的求职者都找到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。‎ ‎②Both of the two math problems are_not very difficult.‎ ‎＝Not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.‎ 这两道数学题并非都很难。‎ ‎③He told me all pieces of the news, but none_of_them was very exciting.‎ 他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一条激动人心的。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again.‎ 答案：either 考查全部否定的用法。否定词与 either 连用表示全部否定。‎ ‎2．She walked here and there on the playground as if ________ (look) for something.‎ 答案：looking 考查省略结构“as if＋doing”。look 与 she 之间为主动关系，故用 looking。‎ ‎3．I can't thank you ________ much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.‎ 答案：too 考查“can't...too...”结构，意为“无论……也不为过”。‎ ‎4．School started, but I felt more and more nervous as if I ________ (be) in a foreign country now.‎ 答案：were 考查虚拟语气。表示与现在的事实相反，故用 were。‎ ‎5．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________.‎ 答案：everything 考查部分否定。否定词与 every, all 等连用时表部分否定，根据语境可知，空处填 everything。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________________the current situation, there is a small chance that a large-scale war will break out between the two countries.‎ 根据当前局势判断，两国之间不大可能发生大规模战争。‎ 答案：Judging from ‎2．An official says about 3.33 million hectares of the area's farmland ________________crops.‎ 一位官员说这个地区大约有 333 万公顷的土地污染太严重而不宜种庄稼。‎ 答案：are too polluted to grow ‎3．[牛津高阶]________________ was full of tourists.‎ 我们所到之处到处都是游客。‎ 答案：Everywhere we went 定语从句(Ⅰ)‎ 在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。‎ 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as 等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成 分。‎ 关系代词的基本用法 指代对象 指代人 指代物 使用情况 主语 who, that which，that从句中缺少主语或宾语 宾语 whom, that which，that 定语 whose whose先行词与空后的名词有所属关系 ‎①She is the girl who/that lives next door.‎ ‎②A man who/that is perfectly pleased with the present state of things is a failure.‎ ‎③Do you know the man whose name is Wang Bing?‎ ‎④The building which/that stands near the river is our school.‎ ‎⑤That is the book that/which I want to read.‎ ‎⑥The building whose windows face south was built last year.‎ 关系代词的选择条件：从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。注意：有些情况只用 that不用 which，或只用 which 不用 that，要在平时学习中不断积累。‎ 过关演练 ‎ 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)。‎ ‎1．I like the books on the shelf, ________ covers are beautiful, are bought by my father.‎ 答案：whose 考查定语从句。先行词为 books，与主语 covers 存在所属关系，故填 whose。‎ ‎2．Do you have anything ________ you want to say at the meeting?‎ 答案：that 考查定语从句。从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为不定代词，故填 that。‎ ‎3．I think it was on the playground on ________ we played basketball with some boys yesterday ‎________ you lost your handbag.‎ 答案：which; that 第一空考查定语从句，从句中缺少介词 on 的宾语，故只能填 which；第二空考查强调句型。‎ ‎4．Finally the manager adopted the best proposal ________ had been put forward at the meeting.‎ 答案：that 考查定语从句。从句中缺主语，且先行词前有最高级修饰，故只能填 that。‎ ‎5．After then Mary, ________ we had been talking about earlier, walked in.‎ 答案：whom 考查定语从句。whom 引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时 16′)‎ A ‎[2019·惠州调研]Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr Jean－Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.“Technology is moving very fast，” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet,‎ ‎ and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.” This may not sit_well_with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plasticW1 toy over a lovely puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it：“You don't have to feed it, you don't have to walk it, it won't make a messW2 in your house, and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who areallergictoP1 pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.‎ It's not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smartW3 machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It's the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.‎ As an animal welfare researcher, Rault isconcernedaboutP2 how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn't need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings，” he said.‎ So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touchwith smart technology, a future in which lovely pets needn't have a heartbeat might not be a far－fetcheddream.‎ 篇章导读：随着科技的发展，一种新的宠物即将出现：机器人宠物。文章陈述了机器人宠物的特点。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “sit well with” mean?‎ A．Be refused by. B． Be beneficial to.‎ C．Make a difference to. D． Receive support from.‎ 答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy？”可推知，其词义为“得到来自于……的支持”。‎ ‎2．What are the advantages of robot pets?‎ a．They are plastic and feel smooth.‎ b．Owners needn't worry about them when going out.‎ c．They can help cure allergies.‎ d．They save space and costs.‎ A．a，b B．b，c C．b，d D．c，d 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中 Rault 提到的“You don't have to feed it, you don't have to walk it，... and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.”可知，答案选 C。‎ ‎3．We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A．Sony is the first company to produce robot pets Aibo B．people can develop strong bond with their robot pets C．Rault thinks robot pets still have a long way to go D．robot toys may help people care more about living beings 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But studies do suggest that we ‎ can bond with these smart machines.”以及对机器人宠物的特点的描述可知，答案选 B。‎ ‎4．The passage mainly tells us ________.‎ A．the advantages of robot toys B．the popularity of robot pets C．living pets are dying out D．robot pets are coming 答案：D 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“...believes new companions are coming: robot pets”及全文最后一句中的“...not be a far-fetched dream.”可知，文章主要告诉我们机器人宠物即将出现。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．plastic adj./n. 塑料的；塑料 2.mess n. 混乱 ‎3．smart adj. 英明的；智能的 4.attitude n. 态度 ‎5．generation n. 代；一代 P重点短语 ‎1．be allergic to 对……过敏 ‎2．be concerned about 关心；挂念 B ‎[2019·沈阳二中模拟]If you live in an earthquake-prone area, it's wise to prepare your family well in advance for the next “Big One”. It's always important to make sure to prepare for earthquakes.‎ Earthquakes are more common than some people realize, and though they ‎ rarely end up causing damage, it's important to have your family prepared for an earthquake hit. Put together an emergency kit that includes food and water to last a week, a fire extinguisher, portable radio, batteries, flashlight, and first-aid supplies. Note all safe spots in each room, such as doorways or under sturdy tables and desks. Know the dangerous spots, such as fireplaces, windows, mirrors and hanging objects. Point out safety exits and keep those areas clear.‎ Make sure your family knows where emergency supplies are located. Check to be sure that everyone knows where and how to turn off electrical, gas, and water main valve and switches. Make sure that all family members know how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity in case there is damage after the earthquake that needs to be taken care of. It may prove useful to take your digital camera and make a “How to Guide”， customized to your home, for these things which can be stored in the kit.‎ Establish how and where your family will reunite if separated during the quake. Arrange a place for the family to meet, if you cannot return to your home after the earthquake. If you have a relative outside of your area, arrange ahead of time to use his/her phone number as a contact point. Remember that phone lines will be needed for emergencies, so delayW4 getting on the phone immediately after the earthquake. Conduct earthquake drills with your family every six months.‎ Warnings and tips：‎ Warm clothing and extra sleeping bags comeinhandyP2. Games, toys, and books help keep young ones comforted and entertained. Keep what you can pack with your emergency kit.Turning on light switches or lighting candles can start leaking gas—choose flashlights instead.‎ 篇章导读：本文主要介绍了怎样和家人一起为地震做好自救准备。‎ ‎5．The first paragraph is used as ________.‎ A．a comment B． a definition C．an introduction D． a warning 答案：C 细节理解题。第一段主要是对地震及其做好预防的大致情况进行简单的介绍，从而为下文做好铺垫。故选 C。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “sturdy” in Paragraph 3 may mean “________”．‎ A．wooden B．wide C．long D．solid 答案：D 词义猜测题。结合第三段第一句中的“Note all safe spots in each room, such as doorways or...”可知，此处是在列举那些安全的地方，所以这个词应该是表示“结实的”。‎ ‎7．To prepare for an earthquake, you are advised to ________.‎ A．pack some daily supplies into a package to carry B．call on your family members immediately after an earthquake C．hide near the windows to be ready for jumping outside D．take your digital camera to record the scene of an earthquake 答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Put together an emergency kit that ‎ includes food and...”可知，应该准备一个应用于地震急救的物品包，故答案选 A。‎ ‎8．Which of the following should you avoid doing when an earthquake happens?‎ A．Turning off lights switches.‎ B．Lighting candles.‎ C．Putting toys into your emergency kit.‎ D．Taking a flashlight along.‎ 答案：B 细节理解题。从最后一段的“Turning on light switches or lighting candles can start leaking gas...”可知，地震发生时，你应该避免打开电灯或点燃蜡烛。故选 B。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．note vt. 注意；留意 2.customize vt. 定做；定制 ‎3．establish vt. 建立；创立 4.delay vi. 延迟；拖延 ‎5．conduct vt. 组织；安排；实施 P重点短语 ‎1．in advance 提前 2.come in handy 迟早有用 Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时 10′)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎[2019·保定摸底]Winter begins in the north on December 22nd. People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the ‎ colder months. Squirrels, for example, have been busy gathering nuts from trees. __1__‎ They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana. The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut (黑胡桃) trees.__2__ The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests.‎ Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen, a former Purdue student now at the University of New Mexico. The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirrels as compared to red squirrels. Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way. Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places. __3__ So some nuts remain in the ground. Conditions are right for them to develop and grow the following spring. Red squirrels, however, store large groups of nuts above ground. Professor Swihart calls “death traps for seeds”． __4__ But Professor Swihart says their numbers began to decrease as more forests were cut for agriculture. Red squirrels began to spread through the state during the past century. The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year, unlike walnut trees. They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade (涌入) Indiana. __5__‎ A．Gray squirrels are native to Indiana.‎ B．But they seldom remember where they buried every nut.‎ C．Red squirrels bury nuts in a different way.‎ D．The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squirrels.‎ E．Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmental problem more than a cause.‎ F．Scientists are worried that they will drive away the gray squirrels.‎ G．Well, scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirrels do with the food they collect.‎ 篇章导读：本文为说明文，主要讲述了红松鼠和灰松鼠的生活习性以及它们的生活方式给环境带 来的影响。‎ ‎1．G 根据下段第一句“They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana.”可知，该项中的 scientists 为关键信息。‎ ‎2．D 根据空格后“The black walnut tree is also a central part of some...”中的 also 可知，空格前在 讲 the black walnut tree。‎ ‎3．B 根据下文中“So some nuts remain in the ground.”可知，该空与下文为因果关系。故选 B 项。‎ ‎4．A 根据下文讲述的内容可知，此处应为主题句，并且与下句为转折关系，文中 are native to 为关键点。‎ ‎5．E 该选项中的 them 代指上文的 red squirrels，且 E 项与上文均涉及环境主题。故选 E。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时 10′)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2019·山东师大附中打靶题]In 2001, as ninth guiders, Finn and Anna volunteered to deliver produce to Woodstock's local food pantry (食物储藏室) through the ___1___ (organize), Change the World Kids. While there, ___2___ noticed the pantry didn't have fresh fruits and vegetables after October because there was no ___3___ (suit) storage. The girls researched ways to store produce during cold months. After ___4___ (discuss) for weeks,‎ they came up with the idea of making a root cellar (地窖)—a structure that was built into the earth ___5___(keep) food fresh. “But getting the project ___6___ (approve) by the town wasn't easy，” Anna admitted.‎ Still, the two girls formed a committee with other Change the World Kids, and did research into how cellars ___7___ (construct) and what permits they'd need. Finally they found a site behind the town's elementary school. The root cellar ___8___ (official) opened on October 6, 2013. The community donated produce throughout October, and some local farmers set aside plots (农作物) specifically ___9___ the food bank ‎ or gave the cellar bank their leftovers, ___10___ include apples, onions and other vegetables.‎ ‎1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________‎ ‎5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________‎ ‎9．________ 10.________‎ 篇章导读：本文讲述的是Finn和Anna在做志愿者期间，为了能在寒冷的月份里储存新鲜的蔬菜、‎ 瓜果等产品而提出的建地窖的建议，并努力使其实现的过程。‎ ‎1．organization 考查名词。organization“组织；团体；机构”。‎ ‎2．they 考查代词。they 代替前边提到的两个人 Finn 和 Anna。‎ ‎3．suitable 考查形容词。suitable“合适的；适宜的”，修饰名词 storage。‎ ‎4．discussing 考查非谓语动词。after 是介词，其后跟 v.-ing 形式。‎ ‎5．to keep 考查动词不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎6．approved 考查非谓语动词。get sth. done“使某事被做”。‎ ‎7．were constructed 考查动词的时态和语态。construct 与 cellars 之间构成动宾关系，且全文时 态为一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．officially 考查副词。officially 副词，修饰动词 opened。‎ ‎9．for 考查介词。for“为了”。‎ ‎10．which 考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时 21′)‎ 假如你叫李华，上周六你参加了学校组织的到“红星幼儿园”看望留守儿童的慰问活动，活动结束 后你给英国的笔友 Bob 写一封信。要点包括：‎ ‎1．活动目的；‎ ‎2．活动情况；‎ ‎3．你对这次活动的感想。‎ 注意：1.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2．词数 100 左右。开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：留守儿童 stay-at-home children Dear Bob，‎ Last Saturday I took part in an activity，‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[标准范文]‎ Dear_Bob，‎ Last_Saturday_I_took_part_in_an_activity,_which was well organized by our school. Its purpose is to learn about the basic conditions of stay-at-home children and give them our love.‎ On arriving there, we took out the gifts and handed them out, making the children delighted. After that, we joined them in a series of activities, such as playing games, telling funny stories and chatting. We did what we could to get along well with them. Not until four o'clock did we leave the lovely children.‎ Honestly speaking, I have benefited a lot from this experience. I think we should cherish the study opportunity and the time we spend with our parents. Besides, we should also think more of others and care more for others.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua