【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词学案（11页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词学案（11页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高考语法填空和短文改错的必考点，也是难点，主要涉及动词不定式、分词和动名词；从功能上看，非谓语动词作宾语、状语、宾补、表语、主语和定语是考查的主要项目。‎ 考生做题时应做到以下几点：‎ ‎1．正确分析句子结构。如果句中已有谓语动词，那么另外一个给出动词提示词的多为考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎2．根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，决定用非谓语动词的哪种形式。‎ ‎3．确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ 一、语法填空常考点 ‎(一)句法功能 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ 解析：introducing　此处表示我的大使职责包括介绍英国游客来参观大熊猫，谓语动词include意为“包括，包含”，其后应该使用ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎2．(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even ‎ to find something ________ (eat)!‎ 解析：to eat　此处用动词不定式作something的后置定语，意为“吃的东西”。‎ ‎3．(2015·广东高考)Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ________ (sell) the wood.‎ 解析：to sell　动词不定式在此处表示目的。‎ ‎4．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________(use) electric equipment.‎ 解析：using　without是介词，后面接动词ing形式。‎ ‎(二)固定搭配 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.‎ 解析：to bring　be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________ (cool) the house during the hot day.‎ 解析：to cool　enough to do sth.表示“足以做某事”。‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.‎ 解析：to stop　根据refuse to do sth.可知填to stop。‎ ‎4．(2014·辽宁高考)Keep ________ (hold) your position for a ‎ while.‎ 解析：holding　keep后面接动词ing形式，表示“一直做……”。‎ ‎5．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work ______ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.‎ 解析：to reduce　根据固定句式：It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花了某人一段时间做某事”，可知此处填不定式to reduce。‎ ‎(三)逻辑关系 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ________ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 解析：living　此处指住在上海和香港的人们。由于people和动词live之间是主谓结构，故应该使用living作定语修饰名词people，相当于定语从句who live in Shanghai and Hong Kong。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 解析：conducted　句意：阳朔真的很美。网站TripAdvisor进行的一项调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用过去分词作定语，表示被动关系，修饰名词study。‎ 二、短文改错常考点 ‎(一)介词后动词形式错误 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear ‎ strange clothes.________________‎ 解析：wear→wearing　by是介词，表示“通过”，后面接动词ing形式。‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.________________‎ 解析：looks→looking　after为介词，后应接动名词形式，look这一动作和句子主语he之间是主动关系，所以用looking。‎ ‎(二)句型/动词搭配错误 ‎1．(2015·四川高考)We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.________________‎ 解析：sing→singing　spend ...(in) doing sth.“花费……做某事”，介词in可以省略。‎ ‎2．(2015·浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.________________‎ 解析：sit→sitting　enjoy后接动名词形式。‎ ‎(三)谓语与非谓语混用 ‎1．(2014·陕西高考)One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.________________‎ 解析：have→having　谓语动词是sat，且后面没有连词，故后面是状语，此处作伴随状语，故用having。‎ ‎2．(2013·全国卷Ⅱ)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8‎ ‎ o’clock at night.________________‎ 解析：Have→Having　provides前为主语，应用动名词形式。‎ ‎(四)v.ing/v.ed形容词混用 ‎(2016·浙江高考)It was both excited and frightening to be up there！________________‎ 解析：excited→exciting　此句主语是it，指孩子们被父亲放在冰箱顶部这件事，这件事情令人兴奋，exciting 常修饰事物，故用exciting。excited “感到兴奋”，常用来修饰人。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 ‎(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式 (doing)。‎ ‎(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表完成，要想到用过去分词形式 (done)。‎ ‎(3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等要想到用不定式形式 (to do)。‎ Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.‎ 因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。‎ Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.‎ 由于被同桌打败了，他感到沮丧。‎ Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.‎ 汤姆乘出租车到了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。‎ ‎2．掌握非谓语动词的句型公式 ‎(1)tell/order/persuade/invite/force/warn/encourage/get/ask ＋ sb. to do sth. ‎ ‎(2)It’s ＋形容词＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.‎ ‎(3)It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ‎ ‎(4)It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. ‎ ‎(5)find/think/believe/consider ＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.‎ It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.‎ 你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。‎ How long did it take you to finish the work?‎ 你花了多长时间来完成这项工作？‎ ‎3．牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词(短语)‎ ‎(1)习惯上接动词ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)主要有：admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, practise, recommend, risk, suggest, get used to等。‎ Would you mind opening the door?‎ 劳驾把门打开好吗？‎ The little boy admitted breaking the window.‎ 小男孩承认打破了窗户。‎ ‎(2)习惯上接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)主要有：afford, agree, beg, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish, used to等。‎ I have decided to study engineering.‎ 我决定学工程学。‎ She promised to come at nine o’clock.‎ 她答应九点来。‎ ‎4．注意动词ing形式和ed形式 动词ing形式和ed形式均可用作定语和表语，但有区别：动词ing形式表示事物给人的某种感觉，是指令人感到如何；动词ed形式表示人对事物的感受，是指人感到如何。动词ed形式除用于说明人的感觉外，也可用于修饰voice, look, expression, appearance, smile等，用以表示该名词逻辑主语的感觉。‎ Your speech is very encouraging.‎ 你的演讲很激励人。‎ The child was frightened to see the dog.‎ 这个孩子看见狗很害怕。‎ ‎5．牢记解题“四步骤”‎ 第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语 分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。‎ ‎①Every day ________ (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.‎ ‎[分析]　read　分析句子结构可知，题干中有连词until，until引导时间状语从句，故“________ a proverb aloud several times”为主句，此处应为祈使句，故应用动词原形。‎ ‎②(2015·重庆高考改编) ________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ ‎[分析]　Raised　分析句子结构可知，题干中无连词，had作谓语动词，故题线处需用非谓语动词。raise与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式作状语。‎ 第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分 根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎(2015·重庆高考改编)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ________(use) the sun and the stars.‎ ‎[分析]　using 　根据句意和句子结构可知，题线处应作方式状语，且birds与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ 第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用 v.ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。‎ ‎(2016·北京高考改编)________(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎[分析]　Ordered　句意：那些书是一周前订购的，应该随时都会送来。主句的主语books与动词order之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该使用过去分词形式表示被动，相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered。‎ 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用v.ing形式或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v.ing形式的一般式。‎ ‎________ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.‎ ‎[分析]　Having eaten　句意：因为之前在这家自助餐厅吃过饭，Tina不想再去那儿吃了。由句意可知eat这一动作发生在谓语动词didn’t want之前，故用现在分词的完成时。‎ ‎[基础巩固练习]　　　　　　　　 　　‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The bridge to_be_built (build) next year will be beneficial to us.‎ ‎2．The bridge being_built (build) at present will be beneficial to ‎ us.‎ ‎3．The bridge built (build) last year is beneficial to us.‎ ‎4．The bridge is said to_have_been_built (build) last year.‎ ‎5．Having_built (build) the bridge, the workers moved to another city.‎ ‎6．All the factors considered, we decided to_offer (offer) the job to Li Wei, a man of rich experience.‎ ‎7．He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.‎ ‎8．Inspired (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully.‎ ‎9．Keep the injured with his head held (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency.‎ ‎10．In society, I really don’t know who to_compete (compete) fairly with.‎ ‎11．Robert is said to_have_studied (study) abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.‎ ‎12．Every morning I get up at 6：00 because I have two dogs waiting (wait) at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk.‎ ‎13．Jim was about to stand up when he saw something moving (move) near his feet. It’s a snake!‎ ‎14．Though surprised (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.‎ ‎15．Group activities will be organized after class to_help (help) children develop team spirit.‎ ‎16．The door of the house opposite to ours remains closed (close) all day long.‎ ‎17．After being_painted (paint), the house will be used for a nursery.‎ ‎18．Knowing (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.‎ ‎19．One day, he lost a small bag containing (contain) 50 gold coins.‎ ‎20．A US TV show called (call) A walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try.‎ ‎21．Though they did all they could to_help (help) them, times were tough for them.‎ ‎22．If you hand in your homework late, attach a note explaining (explain) the reason for the delay.‎ ‎23．In most cases, a healthy diet can help you decrease the risk of getting (get) some diseases like diabetes and cancer.‎ ‎24．Observers say Americans want more choices and fresh food when choosing (choose) where and what to eat.‎ ‎25．With some books to_buy (buy), he went into the bookstore on ‎ the way home.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．We must face the present situation and take immediate action to solving our environmental problems together.solving→solve ‎2．I offered give her a ride and she accepted.offered后加to ‎3．Exposed to such bad weather, what should we do protect our environment？do后加to ‎4．I have a good command of English, and it is an advantage when apply for a job like this.apply→applying ‎5．Comparing with letters and public phones, mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.Comparing→Compared ‎6．Players from both classes were trying hard to win with their fellow students cheered them up at the top of their voices.cheered→cheering ‎7．He showed his mother the beautiful snake and begged her to let him keeping it.keeping→keep ‎8．He promised to teach me how to use the computer and lent me some money.lent→lend ‎9．He agreed to go back to school and studied hard to go to a good university.studied→study ‎10．I can’t help but to look after my little sister because my parents are not in.去掉to