【英语】北京市中央民族大学附属中学2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试（解析版）

【英语】北京市中央民族大学附属中学2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试（解析版）

北京市中央民族大学附属中学2019-2020学年 高二下学期期末考试 本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。‎ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）‎ A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997, it ___1___ (take) more than a hundred lives. Many people fear it could be the next ___2___ (globe) epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people ___3___ died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.‎ ‎【答案】1. has taken 2. global 3. who/that ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：自从1997年禽流感首次出现以来，它已经夺走了100多条生命。根据时间状语Since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997可知，此处使用现在完成时。故填has taken。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：许多人担心它可能成为下一个全球流行病，特别是当科学家通过研究死于1918年西班牙流感的人的身体组织证明禽流感是同一病毒的现代变种时。此处修饰名词epidemic，作定语，意为“全球流行病”。故填global。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是people，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。‎ B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ They suggest making small changes like taking public transport, recycling, using low-flow ‎ shower heads, and buying light bulbs that use less energy. Even simple things like using ____4____ (recycle) paper or switching off the lights when you leave a room can help. ___5___ we add up all these small changes made by everyone worldwide, they won’t be such small changes. They could be the changes that save our future. After all, there is no substitute ___6___ our earth.‎ ‎【答案】4. recycled 5. If 6. for ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使是一些很小的举动也会有意义。比如说使用可回收纸或者在离开房间的时候关闭电源。Recycle 与 paper 之间是被动关系，所以要用 recycle的过去分词形式做前置定语来修饰 paper，表示可回收利用的纸。故填 recycled。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：如果我们把世界上每个人做出的微小改变加起来的话，就会看到大的改观。通过分析句意，空格所在句子前后是条件关系，前半句是条件，后面是结果。故填 if。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：毕竟没有什么东西是可以替代我们的地球的。the substitute for sth… 为固定搭配，表示“某物的替代物”。故填 for。‎ C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。‎ The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duan Wu Festival, ___7___ (celebrate) in the ___8___ (five) month according to the Chinese calendar. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by ___9___ (eat) zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice (糯米) wrapped to form a pyramid using bamboo or reed leaves, and racing dragon boats. To hold the dragon-boat races is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of the greatest ____10____ (poet) in China.‎ ‎【答案】7. is celebrated 8. fifth 9. eating 10. poets ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查动词时态及语态。句意：龙舟节，又称端午节，是在农历的第五个月庆祝。also called the Duan Wu Festival 是插入语，celebrate与主语The Dragon Boat Festival是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数，‎ 故填is celebrated。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查序数词。句意同上。根据常识及空前the可知，此处应使用序数词。故填fifth。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，这个节日的标志是吃粽子和赛龙舟，粽子是一种用竹叶或芦苇叶包裹成金字塔形状的糯米。此处位于介词by之后，应使用动名词的一般式，表示一种行为。故填eating。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：举行龙舟比赛是为了纪念屈原，中国最伟大的诗人之一。one of之后加名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填poets。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Ring! Ring! Ring! It was early in the morning and I knew who was ___11___ as I reached for the telephone. I was a new substitute teacher (代课教师) trying to earn enough money to ___12___ my family. Each morning, I ___13___ for a call that would take me to a different classroom. The last three classes had all been determined to ___14___ me and see just how much bad behavior they could get away with (逃脱惩罚). I had responded (应对) by being ___15___ with the students. I didn't really ___16___ to go to work that morning, especially since it was my birthday.‎ Still, I answered the phone and ___17___ the job. My family needed the money and I couldn't ___18___ to be picky (挑剔的). As I was driving to work, I ___19___ to try harder to be the best teacher that I could be.‎ As the class started, the students ____20____ tried to see what they could get away with. This time, though, I was ____21____ but fair with them. I did my best to make my lessons ____22____. I shared smiles, praised their efforts, and encouraged them to work hard.‎ The results were ____23____. My unruly (难以驾驭的) classroom soon ____24____. Students were learning and laughing, and I ____25____ felt like I was doing my job right. I went home feeling ____26____ in my heart and enjoyed the rest of my birthday with my family.‎ I remembered something that I once read: “Every day is a new opportunity to ____27____ ‎ again. Every day is your birthday.” Every day is a ____28____ for us to get things right, to live our lives with love and joy, and to make this world a better place. Don't ____29____ a single day. Just try to be the best you can be. Never stop ____30____.‎ ‎11. A. bothering B. calling C. knocking D. playing ‎12. A. pay B. impress C. support D. provide ‎13 A. waited B. asked C. looked D. headed ‎14. A. please B. test C. persuade D. surprise ‎15. A. patient B. honest C. satisfied D. angry ‎16. A. want B. need C. choose D. hesitate ‎17. A. refused B. received C. took D. completed ‎18. A. manage B. pretend C. expect D. afford ‎19. A. agreed B. decided C. appeared D. started ‎20. A. in time B. at last C. at once D. once again ‎21. A. strict B. worried C. mad D. disappointed ‎22. A. clear B. useful C. fun D. difficult ‎23. A. strange B. funny C. important D. amazing ‎24. A. changed B. divided C. returned D. disappeared ‎25. A. again B. even C. finally D. nearly ‎26. A. confused B. happy C. tired D. upset ‎27. A. check B. settle C. discover D. begin ‎28. A. chance B. choice C. risk D. goal ‎29. A. spend B. forget C. waste D. save ‎30. A. learning B. trying C. asking D. thinking ‎【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道是谁打给我的。A. bothering打扰；B. calling打电话；C. knocking敲门；D. playing玩耍。根据空前的“Ring! Ring! Ring!”可知，我的电话响了，自然是有人给我打电话，故B项正确。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是个新来的代课老师，想挣足够的钱养家糊口。A. pay支付；B. impress留下深刻印象；C. support支持；D. provide提供。根据空后的“my family”可知，我想挣钱养家，故C项正确。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我都会等一个电话，这个电话会告诉我去另一个教室。‎ A. waited等待；B. asked要求；C. looked看；D. headed前往。根据上文“我知道是谁打来的电话”可知，每天早晨我都会等一个告诉我去哪个教室上课的电话，故A项正确。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后三个班级都是在考验我，看看他们有多少不良行为可以逃脱惩罚。A. please使高兴；B. test考验；C. persuade说服；D. surprise使吃惊。空后说看看他们有多少不良行为可以逃脱惩罚，因此这三个班级是考验我的忍耐力，故B项正确。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的反应是生学生的气。A. patient耐心的；B. honest诚实的；C. satisfied满意的；D. angry生气的。我是一名新来的代课老师，因此肯定会对这些学生的不良行为感到生气，故D项正确。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天早上我真的不想去上班，特别是那天是我的生日。A. want想；B. need需要；C. choose选择；D. hesitate犹豫。上文说我对学生们的行为很生气，而且那天还是我生日，所以我真的不想去上班，故A项正确。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是接了电话，去上班了。A. refused拒绝；B. received收到；C. took接受；D. completed完成。尽管那天早晨我真的不想去上班，但我还是接了电话去上班了，故C项正确。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：家里需要我干这份工作挣钱，由不得我挑三拣四。A. manage设法做成；B. pretend假装；C. expect期望；D. afford能够、负担得起。根据空前的“My family needed the money”可知，家里需要我干这份工作挣钱，由不得我挑三拣四，故D项正确。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好的老师。A. agreed同意；B. decided决定；C. appeared出现；D. started开始。根据空后的“to try harder to be the best teacher that I could be.”可知，我决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好的老师，故B项正确。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查短语词义辨析。句意：开始上课的时候，学生们又想看看他们能侥幸逃脱什么惩罚。A. in time及时；B. at last最后；C. at once立即；D. once again再次。上文说最后三个班级的学生非常顽皮，总是想看看他们能侥幸逃脱什么惩罚，今天又是如此，故D项正确。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这一次，我对他们很严格，但也很公平。A. strict严厉的；B. worried担心的；C. mad疯狂的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文我被学生惹生气的情节可知，我对他们非常严厉，故A项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尽我最大的努力使我的课有趣。我分享微笑，表扬他们的努力，并鼓励他们努力学习。A. clear清楚的；B. useful有用的；C. fun有趣的；D. difficult困难的。上文说决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好的老师，所以我尽我最大的努力让我的课生动有趣，故C项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是不可思议的。A. strange奇怪的；B. funny有趣的；C. important重要的；D. amazing令人惊异的。空后说我那不守规矩的教室很快就变了，因此结果是令人惊异的，故D项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我那不守规矩的课堂很快就变了。A. changed改变；B. divided分开；C. returned返回；D. disappeared消失。空后说课堂上既有学习也有欢笑，这说明那不守规矩的课堂有所改变了，故A项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终我觉得我做得对了。A. again又；B. even甚至；C. finally最后、终于；D. nearly几乎。此处是说课堂上的改变最终给我的感受——我觉得自己做对了，故C项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我心情愉快地回家了。A. confused困惑的；B. happy 快乐的；C. tired劳累的；D. upset难过的。课堂上的改观让我心情大好，故B项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一天都是重新开始的机会。A. check检查；B. settle解决；C. discover发现；D. begin开始。根据空后的“Every day is your birthday”可知，每天都是重新开始的机会，故D项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一天都是一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着爱和欢乐生活，让这个世界变得更美好。A. chance机会；B. choice选择；C. risk风险；D. goal目标。根据空后的“for us to get things right, to live our lives with love and joy, and to make this world a better place.”可知，每一天都是一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着爱和欢乐生活，让这个世界变得更美好，故A项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要浪费任何一天，尽你所能做到最好。A. spend花费；B. forget忘记；C. waste浪费；D. save节约。上文说每一天都是一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着爱和欢乐生活，让这个世界变得更美好，所以不要浪费任何一天，故C项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一直坚持不懈。A. learning学习；B. trying尝试、努力；C. asking问；D. thinking思考。上文说不要浪费任何一天，尽你所能做到最好，此处是说要一直坚持努力，故B项正确。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Courses & Curriculum of the College of Arts & Sciences in Cornell The diversity of the courses you can take in the College of Arts & Sciences is extraordinary:‎ Academic Distribution Requirements The College’s academic distribution requirements will include:‎ ‎· effective writing ‎· foreign language beyond the introductory level ‎.·imaginative and critical thinking To choose your courses for a semester, use the Class Roster. It shows the schedule of all classes offered in a particular term, along with class enrollment information and course details.‎ The Class Roster is updated frequently.‎ To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study. It represents Cornell’s full catalog of courses and is published annually. It provides information on Cornell degree programs, requirements, policies and procedures.‎ If you need help, call 607-255-5004 for an appointment with an advising dean. Or contact a career counselor in the Arts & Sciences Career Development Center at 607-255-4166 to talk about your interests and how they can translate into a major and a future career.‎ A New Curriculum On October 30, 2018, the College of Arts & Sciences faculty（ 教员） approved a new undergraduate curriculum to be carried out over the next two to three years. The new curriculum focuses on the theme of exploration and reaffirms the college’s commitment to a liberal arts and sciences education. Students who have questions about the new curriculum can view the approved proposal on the Course Designer app of Cornell.‎ Innovative Learning If you’re one of the 3,000 students across the university taking biology or physics at the College, you may be part of an innovative（ 创新的） classroom project that uses active learning,a new model that is proving to be the quickest path to expert-level mastery.‎ Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states or spend a semester with Cornell in Washington D C. You could study abroad in one of more than 85 countries or develop your own research project through independent study. Give yourself the freedom to explore.‎ ‎31. If you want to plan your courses over the long run, you can use the ______.‎ A. Class Roster B. Courses of Study C. Course Designer D. Career Center ‎32. For students involved in an innovative classroom project, they ______.‎ A. may study a new model B. are on the quickest way to be experts C. will get more freedom during research project D. have advantages of studying outside the classroom ‎33. The article is probably taken from ______.‎ A. a travel magazine B. a science report C. a college website D. an academic journal ‎【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据The Class Roster is updated frequently部分中的“To plan your classes over your four years at Cornell, use the Courses of Study.”可知，要计划在康奈尔大学四年的课程，请使用Courses of Study，由此可知，如果想长远规划你的课程，应使用Courses of Study，故B项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Your education at Cornell will extend far beyond the classroom. You can join a faculty member’s research team on campus, conduct field study research in different states”可知，康奈尔大学的教育远远超出课堂，创新课堂项目可以让你加入教员的研究团队或在不同的州进行实地研究，由此可知，参加创新课堂项目的学生有课外学习的优势，故D项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了康奈尔大学艺术与科学学院提供的几门课程的相关信息，因此文章最有可能出现在学校的网站，故C项正确。‎ B When Rachel Ratelle saw a news video of a burned koala trying to climb a tree to safety in fire-ravaged (火灾肆虐的) Australia, she decided to do something about it.‎ She looked up wildlife rescue and relief agencies in Australia to find out what they needed most. Besides donations, many organizations asked for hand-sewn (手缝的) and knitted pouches (袋子) and wraps for koalas and other animals that were burned or had lost their homes and parents in the fires.‎ This idea attracted Ratelle, but there was just one problem.‎ ‎“I’d never sewn in my life,” said Ratelle, 17, a senior at Rancho Buena Vista High School in Vista, US. “Giving money seemed like something too simple. But I wanted to directly help these animals by doing something myself, so I decided to learn how to sew.”‎ Over the next few months, Ratelle bought her own sewing machine and taught herself how to sew via videos online. Then she purchased 18 yards of fabric and sewed 25 pouches of different sizes and shipped them off to For Australian Wildlife Needing Aid (FAWNA), one of several relief organizations that have rushed to rescue koalas, kangaroos and other species suffering from burns.‎ A week later, she received a photo from FAWNA with a young joey (幼兽) in one of her larger pouches. “It made me feel like I contributed to the world and it showed how a simple act of kindness can go a long way,” said Ratelle, who hopes to study biology for a future career as a nurse practitioner.‎ ‎“I plan to use my new sewing skills to help animals and people devastated (蹂躏) by natural disasters,” she said.‎ According to the World Wildlife Fund, it estimated that 1.2 billion animals have died, as a result of the bushfires, which have burned more than 26 million acres in Australia.‎ Several craft guild (手工业行会) websites around the world have mobilized (动员) for Australian relief by making the animal pouches. Karen Newberry and her two daughters Madison, 12 and Rochelle, 8, from San Diego also offered their help in such a way. For Newberry, “it was a big push that made we crafters, sewers to realize there’s something more we can do than just make things for ourselves,” she said.‎ ‎34. What do the first two paragraphs mainly talk about?‎ A. What inspired Ratelle to learn to sew.‎ B. What is needed to save koalas and other species.‎ C. The poor living conditions of wild animals in Australia.‎ D. Different ways to help koalas and other animals in Australia.‎ ‎35. How did Ratelle feel when she received a photo from FAWNA according to the text?‎ A. Proud. B. Calm. C. Surprised. D. Disappointed.‎ ‎36. The statistics (统计数字) in Paragraph 8 are used to show ______.‎ A. how frequent the bushfires are in Australia B. how harmful the bushfires are in Australia C. the great varieties of wild animals in Australia D. the difficulties facing relief organizations in Australia ‎37. What do Newberry’s words in the last paragraph suggest?‎ A. People should stay united through difficult times.‎ B. Life is not easy for crafters and sewers in Australia.‎ C. It is challenging for crafters and sewers to do relief work.‎ D. Crafters and sewers can do more to help animals.‎ ‎【答案】34. A 35. A 36. B 37. D ‎【34题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“When Rachel Ratelle saw a news video of a burned koala trying to climb a tree to safety in fire-ravaged (火灾肆虐的) Australia, she decided to do something abou”和第二段中“Besides donations, many organizations asked for hand-sewn (手缝的) and knitted pouches (袋子) and wraps for koalas and other animals”可知，Ratelle看到了澳洲大火的视频，决心为此做点什么，然后又了解到当地急需动物用的针织袋，接下来就引出了她为此去学习缝纫技术，前两段交代的正是Ratelle学习缝纫的原因、动机。故选A项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段中引述Ratelle的原话“It made me feel like I contributed to the world and it showed how a simple act of kindness can go a long way”可知，收到照片让Ratelle觉得她对于世界做出了一份贡献。由此判断出Ratelle显然是带着一种自豪、满足的心情。故选A项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第八段“According to the World Wildlife Fund, it estimated that 1.2 billion animals have died, as a result of the bushfires, which have burned more than 26 million acres in Australia.”据世界野生动物基金会（World widlife Fund）估计，在澳大利亚，森林大火烧毁了2600多万英亩土地，造成12亿只动物死亡。由此判断出这里描述的是澳洲大火造成的动物伤亡情况和波及的范围，就是为了表现大火的危害程度。故选B项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中引述Newberry的话“it was a big push that made we crafters,‎ ‎ sewers to realize there’s something more we can do than just make things for ourselves”这是一个巨大的推动，让我们这些工匠，裁缝工意识到，除了为自己制造东西，我们还可以做更多的事情。可知，她觉得这次帮助救济动物的行动让相关从业人员意识到了除了给人类做衣服以外，还有更多事情可以做，所指的就是在帮助动物方面还可以做得更多。故选D项。‎ C Benefits of green spaces We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests.‎ But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult?‎ A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.‎ The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden, riding a bike at the park or hiking in a forest. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places.‎ Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression (抑郁) within a four-week period.‎ The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces.‎ The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications (含义) of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”.‎ According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of ISGlobal’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoor lifestyle … so we call on policymakers to improve the availability (可得性) ‎ of natural spaces for children.”‎ While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one.‎ ‎38. What was the purpose of the ISGlobal’s walking study?‎ A. To examine the advantages of taking a walk.‎ B. To understand the mental health problems of children.‎ C. To see how childhood experiences shape adult life.‎ D. To study the influence of childhood exposure to natural spaces.‎ ‎39. What do we know about the study?‎ A. The participants included both children and adults.‎ B. The participants were from all over the world.‎ C. It focused on the participants’ physical health state.‎ D. It consisted of a questionnaire and a psychological test.‎ ‎40 What do Paragraphs 7-8 mainly talk about?‎ A. The value of the study. B. The results of the study.‎ C. The method of the study. D. The process of the study.‎ ‎41. What does the underlined word “immerse” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A. Protect against something. B. Understand something.‎ C. Lose oneself in something. D. Imagine doing something.‎ ‎【答案】38. D 39. D 40. B 41. C ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult?( 但你知道童年时接触这些自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响吗？)及第三段A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe, including Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK.(巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项研究调查了来自欧洲各地的3600人，包括西班牙、荷兰、立陶宛和英国)可推知，ISGlobal步行研究的目的是研究儿童接触自然空间的影响。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood(这项全成人的研究向参与者发放了一份问卷，询问他们在童年时期使用自然空间的频率)及第五段中的Volunteers were then given a psychological test(志愿者被给定一个心理测试)可知，这项研究由问卷调查和心理测试组成。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第七段中的The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”.(这项研究的协调人威尔玛·兹杰勒玛写道，研究结果“显示了童年时期接触自然环境对成年后培养欣赏自然的态度和健康的心理状态的重要性”)及第八段中的According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces.(根据这项研究，73%的欧洲人只能有限地进入自然空间)可知，第七、八段主要讨论的是研究的结果。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 词句猜测题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项“绿色空间的好处”的调查研究，研究发现童年时接触自然环境会对成年后的心理健康产生积极影响。因此作者应该是呼吁人们去接触自然环境。由此推知，划线词immerse与Lose oneself in something.(使自己沉溺于某事)意思接近。故选C。‎ D By now, we are all aware that social media has had a tremendous influence on our culture, in business, on the world-at-large. Social media websites revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. However, aside from seeing your friends’ new baby on Facebook, or reading about Justin Bieber’s latest conflict with the law on Twitter, what are some of the real influences?‎ Social networks offer the opportunity for people to re-connect with their old friends and acquaintances, make new friends, share ideas and pictures, and many other activities. Users can keep pace with the latest global and local developments, and participate in campaigns and activities of their choice. Professionals use social media sites like LinkedIn to enhance their career and business development. Students can work together with their peers to improve their academic and communication skills.‎ Unfortunately there are a few downsides too to social networking. If you are not careful, immoral people can target you for cyber bullying and disturbance on social sites. School children, young girls, and women can fall victim to online attacks which can create tension and suffering. If you are a victim of cyber bullying, do not take it lying down, but try to take appropriate legal action against the attacker.‎ Many companies have blocked social networks as addicted employees can distract themselves on such sites, instead of focusing on work. In fact, studies show that British companies have lost billions of dollars per year in productivity because of social media addiction among employees.‎ Also, what you carelessly post on the Net can come back to trouble you. Revealing(泄露) personal information on social sites can make users vulnerable(易受伤害的)to crimes like identity theft, stalking, etc. Many companies perform a background check on the Web before hiring an employee. If a potential employee has posted something embarrassing on social media, it can greatly affect their chances of getting the job. The same holds true for our relationships too, as our loved ones and friends may get to know if we post something undesirable on social networks.‎ Social media has its advantages and drawbacks as each coin has two sides. It is up to each user to use social sites wisely to enhance their professional and social life, and exercise caution to ensure they do not fall victim to online dangers.‎ ‎42. Paragraph 2 mainly shows that social networks _________.‎ A. help students finish their homework B. offer professionals good chances C. benefit users in various ways D. guide users to make right choices users to make right choices ‎43. Faced with problems caused by social media, some companies ________.‎ A. forbid the use of social networks during work time B. avoid posting embarrassing information C. refuse to hire potential addicted employees D. take legal action against the attackers ‎44. The main purpose of this passage is to _________.‎ A. share experiences in using social media B. remind people to wisely use social media C. provide some advice on social problems D. raise public awareness of social problems ‎45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?‎ A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎【答案】42. C 43. A 44. B 45. B ‎【42题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。由第二段的 “make new friends，share ideas and pictures，and many other activities”以及 “and participate in campaigns and activities of their choice．Professionals use social media sites like LinkedIn to enhance their career and business development．Students can work together with their peers to improve their academic and communication skills.”可知主要讲述了social media可以结交新朋友，分享想法和图片，以及其他许多活动。参与他们选择的活动和活动。专业人士使用社交媒体网站，如LinkedIn来促进他们的职业和业务发展。学生可以与同龄人一起提高他们的学术和交流能力。由此可以看出，这是在讲述social media的优点，故选C。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段 “Many companies have blocked social networks”可知，很多公司都屏蔽的社交网络，由此可以了解到面对社交媒体带来的问题，一些公司禁止在工作时间使用社交网络，故选 A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据常见的主旨原则，主旨常出现在首段或末段。根据末段 “Social media has its advantages and drawbacks as each coin has two sides. It is up to each user to use social sites wisely”（社交媒体有好处也有坏处。应该让每一个使用者正确地使用社交媒体），可知目的为提醒人们明智地使用社交媒体。故选B 。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据结构题原则：掐头去尾，看中间。第二段 “make new friends…”可以看出，主要内容为社交媒体的优点。第三段首出现的unfortunately表示转折， 因此主要内容应该是：社交媒体的缺点。 第四段主要大意：公司屏蔽社交网络。第五段首出现also表示和前段并列，因此也是社交媒 体的缺点。因此，第二段是优点；而第三、四、五段是缺点。第一段介绍了社交网络的影响，最后一段提醒人们要正确利用社交网络。故选 B。‎ 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ When you sleep, do you ever realize that you are dreaming? If yes, then you have had a lucid dream (清醒梦). ___46___ Only some people are able to have them. Now, scientists have found ways to help more people to have lucid dreams, Live Science reported.‎ Denholm Aspy from the University of Adelaide in Australia found that certain skills are key to helping people have lucid dreams.‎ First, people can train themselves to figure out whether they are dreaming or not. For example, someone may look at a clock, look away, and then look back. ___47___ Then, they might dream about this trick while sleeping. But in their dreams, the time on the clock may change very quickly. So people know they are dreaming.‎ Another trick is to wake up after five hours of sleep. ___48___ During this time, repeat the words, “The next time I’m dreaming, I’ll remember that I’m dreaming.” Then, go to bed again to enter rapid eye movement (REM，快速眼球运动) sleep. In REM sleep, people are more likely to be aware of their dreams.‎ Scientists found that those who used these tricks had a 17 percent success rate at having lucid dreams. ___49___‎ In a lucid dream, people might study a hobby and then become better at it in real life, ‎ according to Aspy. For example, you might learn to play the piano in a lucid dream. ___50___‎ A. Then, stay awake for a while.‎ B. The time should stay the same.‎ C. This was far higher than if they did nothing.‎ D. People learn new skills faster in a lucid dream.‎ E. It is hard for most people to have a lucid dream.‎ F. Then, your real-life piano skills might improve.‎ G. Some people will need more time to fall asleep and have a dream.‎ ‎【答案】46. E 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. F ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了来自澳大利亚阿德莱德大学的Denholm Aspy发现，某些技能是帮助人们做清醒梦的关键。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 上文When you sleep, do you ever realize that you are dreaming? If yes, then you have had a lucid dream (清醒梦). 说当你睡觉的时候，你有没有意识到你在做梦?如果是，那么你做了一个清醒梦。下文Only some people are able to have them.说只有一些人能够拥有它们。该空承上启下，E选项“大多数人很难做清醒梦。”切题，该空most people 和下文some people呼应，故选E。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 上文For example, someone may look at a clock, look away, and then look back.说例如，有人可能看了看时钟，看向别处，然后再看回过去。上文提到了时间问题。以及下文But in their dreams, the time on the clock may change very quickly.说但是，在他们的梦里，时钟上的时间可能变化得非常快。该空承上启下，B选项“时间应该保持不变。”切题，故选B。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 上文Another trick is to wake up after five hours of sleep.说另一个技巧是在五个小时的睡眠后醒来。下文During this time, repeat the words, “The next time I’m dreaming, I’ll remember that I’m dreaming.”说在这段时间里，重复这句话，“下次我做梦的时候，我会记得我在做梦。”该空承上启下，下文中During this time指的就是该空中stay awake的这一段时间，A选项“然后，保持清醒一会儿。”切题，故选A。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 上文Scientists found that those who used these tricks had a 17 percent success rate at having lucid dreams.说科学家发现，使用这些技巧的人做清醒梦的成功率为17%。下文与之进行对比，C选项“这比他们什么都不做要高得多。”切题，故选C。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 上文For example, you might learn to play the piano in a lucid dream.说例如，你可能在清醒梦中学习弹钢琴。该空承接上文，继续谈论改进钢琴技巧的事情。F选项“这样，你在现实生活中的钢琴技能可能会得到提高。”切题，故选F。‎ 第三部分：语言表达（35分）‎ 第一节 选词填空：用短语正确的形式填空 in turn in peace a number of result in hand over lead to bring up look forward to at all costs take action ‎51. We must try to live __________ and harmony with those around us.‎ ‎52. When Mr. Green retired, he _____________ the business to his son.‎ ‎53. The little boy ______________________ by his grandfather.‎ ‎54. We are determined to win the game _________________________.‎ ‎55. Global warming is an increasingly huge concern for the world, which has _______ many rivers and lakes drying up these years.‎ ‎56. Theory is based on practice and _____________ serves practice.‎ ‎57. _________________ ordinary people attend the meeting and express their voice.‎ ‎58. We must _______________ to prevent the river from being polluted.‎ ‎59. I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity. I’m _________________ receiving your earliest reply.‎ ‎60. The doctor said that over work ____________ his cancer.‎ ‎【答案】51. in peace 52. handed over 53. was brought up 54. at all costs 55. led to 56. in turn 57. A number of 58. take action 59. looking forward to 60. had resulted in ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：我们必须努力与周围的人和平、和谐地相处。根据句意及harmony with those around us可知，此处是固定短语in peace(和平地)。故填in peace。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：格林先生退休后，把生意交给了儿子。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语hand over (移交)，根据When Mr. Green retired可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填handed over。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：这个小男孩是由他爷爷抚养长大的。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语bring up(抚养，养育)，根据常识可知，此处描述的动作已经结束，应使用一般过去时，且与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故填was brought up。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：我们决心不惜一切代价赢得比赛。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语at all costs (不惜任何代价)。故填at all costs。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：全球变暖是全世界日益严重的问题，这些年它已经导致了许多河流和湖泊干涸。根据句意可知，此处表示“导致”，result in和lead to都可以，lead to句中的谓语多是静态、客观的一件事或物,同时被引起的通常是消极的事故或方面,而且多用于描述已经发生的过去的事件。根据句意可知，此处使用lead to，根据空前has可知，此处使用过去分词，构成现在完成时。故填led to。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语in turn(反过来)。故填in turn。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：许多普通人参加了会议并表达了他们的意见。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语a number of (许多)，位于句首，首字母大写。故填A number of。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：我们必须采取行动防止河流被污染。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语take action (采取行动)，情态动词must后，使用动词原形。故填take action。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：如果你能告诉我更多有关活动的信息，我将不胜感激。期待早日收到您的回复。根据句意可知，此处是固定短语look forward to (期盼)，根据空前I’m可知，此处使用现在分词，构成现在进行时。故填looking forward to。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：医生说过度工作导致了他的癌症。根据句意可知，空格处表示“导致”，result in句中的谓语多是一个动态的动作或计划，而宾语(即被引起的事情)无严格的消极与积极之分，而且多用于描述客观的可能性和对未来的预测。根据句意，故用result in，此处描述的动作发生在said之前，属于过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。故填had resulted in。‎ 第二节 翻译句子 ‎61. 为了保持专注，你需要谨记你为什么学英语。‎ ‎62. 专家提倡每个人都发挥作用。（advocate）‎ ‎63. 在慎重考虑之后我们给了杨明一个警告。（强调句）‎ ‎64. 他们一搬进来噪音就开始了，因此他们很少能够整晚睡觉！（倒装句）‎ ‎65. 如果美国运动员Marion Jones没有使用兴奋剂，那她还有可能参加奥运会吗？（混合虚拟语气）‎ ‎【答案】61. In order to stay dedicated, you need to keep in mind why you are learning English. ‎ ‎62. Experts advocate that each person (should) play their part. ‎ ‎63. It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning. ‎ ‎64. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep. ‎ ‎65. If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t been caught taking drugs, might she compete in the Olympics?‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查固定短语结构和宾语从句。根据汉语提示可知“为了保持专注”为句子的目的状语，可用in order to do结构表示，其中“保持专注”可译为“stay dedicated”；“你需要谨记你为什么学英语”中主语为“你（you）”，谓语“需要”可用动词结构need to do表达；“谨记”可译为“keep…in mind”，“你为什么学英语”为其宾语，可译为宾语从句“why you are learning English”，在本句中，宾补（in mind）较短，为了平衡句子结构，就把宾补提到宾语之前，宾语（从句）放在句末。故翻译为：In order to stay dedicated, you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句和虚拟语气句式。根据汉语提示可知句子的谓语为“提倡”，即advocate，“每个人都发挥作用”应是宾语从句，其中“发挥作用”可翻译为“play one’s part”。动词advocate作谓语时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气结构，即：advocate that …(should) do …，意为“主张……做某事”。故翻译为：Experts advocate that each person (should) play their part.‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查强调句。根据汉语提示可知，可对句中时间状语“在慎重考虑之后（only after careful consideration）”进行强调，即使用强调句式“it is/was+强调部分+其他”，结合语意可知使用一般过去时结构。故翻译为：It was only after careful consideration that we gave Yang Ming a warning.‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查倒装结构。根据汉语提示可知，“他们一搬进来噪音就开始了”可使用“no sooner… than”结构，将“no sooner”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装，即：no sooner had they moved in than the noise began；“他们很少能够整晚睡觉”句中可使用“rarely(很少)”，将其置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装，即：rarely did they get a full night’s sleep。前后句可用“and”连接。故翻译为：No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep.‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查虚拟语气。根据汉语提示可知，“如果美国运动员Marion Jones没有使用兴奋剂”为从句，应是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气从句结构，即：if +主语+had(not) done…，翻译为：If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t been caught taking drugs；主句为“那她还有可能参加奥运会吗？”，应是与将来事实不符的虚拟语气主句结构，即：主语+would/should/could/might+do…，翻译为：might she compete in the Olympics。故翻译为：If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t been caught taking drugs, might she compete in the Olympics?‎ 第三节：书面表达（20分）‎ ‎66.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim最近开始学习中文，感觉有些难，来信希望你能给他一些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1.中文难学的原因；‎ ‎2.你的建议及理由；‎ ‎3.你的祝愿。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数不少于50。‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数 Dear Jim,‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ It’s great to know that you have begun to learn Chinese! You say you find Chinese difficult to learn. I quite understand your problem.‎ Different from your language, most Chinese characters are from images. For English, most of time, you’ll know how to pronounce a word when you see it. But it is impossible in Chinese. In addition, Chinese grammar is totally different from English grammar. That definitely brings you more trouble.‎ However, learning Chinese takes time. Don’t worry. I suggest you start with Pinyin, which will help you know how to read Chinese characters. Besides, listening to Chinese songs or watching Chinese movies will also help. The more you are exposed to the language, the more familiar you will get with it.‎ I wish you every success in learning the language! If you have any further questions, feel free to ask. Good luck!‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim最近开始学习中文，感觉有些难，来信希望你能给他一些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.中文难学的原因；2.你的建议及理由；3.你的祝愿。人称使用第二、三人称。时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：begin to learn Chinese (开始学习中文)，different from (不同于)，most of time (大部分时间)，in addition (此外)，be exposed to (暴露于)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎