高中英语介词+情态动词+语特殊句式+虚拟语气练习题(含答案)

高中英语介词+情态动词+语特殊句式+虚拟语气练习题(含答案)

高中英语介词 +情态动词+语特殊句式+虚拟语气练习题(含答案) 高中英语介词专项训练 (附参考答案) 1. __ the science exhibition, the art exhibition was also well designed, A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for 2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with B. on C. by D. from 3. Come and see me ______ two or three days' time. A. for B. after C. in . D. during 4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _____ the foot of the mountain. A. on B. at C. in D. to 5. The coffee shop is _____ the street. A. on B. across C. in D. to 6. His grandfather has been ill __ the last year. A, for B. since C. from D. after 7. In this matter, I’m sorry that I have to side ______ you. A. at B. to C. against D. with 8. We normally use the front entrance _____ the building but there is another entrance ____ the back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of, in 9. The police have said that there is no connection _______ the murders. A. in B. for C. on D. between 10. To my horror, I saw,_______ my father's shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from 11. Everything is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to ____the time. A. get hold of B. be covered with C. get along with D. keep up with 12. Many good books will be ______ the new library. A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up 13. In his speech he _____ to the great help the school received from the government. 14. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered 14. It's Sarah's birthday tomorrow. Will you ____ me in buying a present for her? A. remember B. attend C. share D. join 15. You'd better _____ a doctor when you are sick. A. send for B. take up C. look up D. turn in 16. The teacher told us to ______ the book and answer some questions. A. look through, B. look on C. look into D. look up 17. Don and Sherry __ the mountains for their vacation. A. called from B. fled from C. headed for D. looked for 18. We were warned to ____ out for strangers in the neighborhood. A. look B. run C. call D. set 19. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll _____ me at eight, so I must be ready then. A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 20. You'd better ____ your books after reading them. A. put up B. put on C. put down D. put away 高中英语介词真题测试 1. Let's learn to use the problem we are facing _____a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by 2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times___________. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about 4. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _____ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of 5. I like Mr. Miner's speech; it was clear and _______ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of 6. At the railway station ,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________. A. out of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place 7. Elizabeth has already achieved success _______ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 8. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might ______ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store 9. A great man shows his greatness _______ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by 10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you'd better leave________ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out 11. Everything was perfect for the picnic ______ the weather. A. in place of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of 12. Why are you so anxious? It isn’t your problem ______ A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all 13. --When did you last hear ______ Jay? --He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet. A. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from, on 14. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_______ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to 15. --Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? --Because the old one has been damaged________. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 16. Nowadays a lot of adults go to evening schools ________ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on 17. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to 18. The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting. A. on B. for C. about D. with 19. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but 20. Some people choose jobs for other reasons __ money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with 21. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age. A. for B. about C from D. to 22, I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you _____. A. in a way B. on the way C. by the way D. in the way 23. ______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other's breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between 24. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _______ creates further problems. A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in turn 25. Although _______ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in 情态动词（附参考答案） 1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.” A. should ask B. should have asked C. must ask D. must have asked 2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 3. That car nearly hit me; I ______. A.might be killed B.might have been killed C. may be killed D.may been killed 4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t 5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____. A. may B. can C. must D. will 6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping. A. needn’t B. mightn’t C. mustn’t D. won’t 7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already. A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told 8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home. A. must go B. must have gone C. might go D. might be going 9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago. A. should go B. should have gone C. might go D. may have gone 10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.” A. must be B. must have been C. might be D. can have been 11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar. A. may B. can C. would D. should 13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.” A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t 15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t 17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed. A. might fail B. must have failed C. should fail D. could have failed 18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.” A. should be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me. A. could help B. should help C. could have helped D. must have helped 20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.” A. can ask, will waste B. must have asked, had wasted C. could have asked, was wasted D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted 21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.” A. must B. might C. would D. can 22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.” A. might fall out B.could fall out C.should have fallen out D. must have fallen out 23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.” A. must; could B. may; might C. need; must D. could; need 25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.” A. might have come B. might come C. mush have come D. should have come 1. 选 B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。 2. 选 B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定 答案为 B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。 3. 选 B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用 might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过 去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。 4. 选 C。由句意可知。 5. 选 B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。 6. 选 C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。 7. 选 B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意 思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过 去式。 8. 选 B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。 9. 选 B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。 10. 选 B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确 定答案为 B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。 12. 选 A。may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。 13. 选 C。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。 14. 选 B。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能” 15. 选 D。couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过 某情况”。 17. 选 A。根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除 B 和 D。 再根据语意，排除 C。 18. 选 D。从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除 A 和 C。 从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握， 故选 D。 19. 选 C。根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除 A 和 C。根据语境排除 D。 20. 选 C。couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上 未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。 21. 选 B。根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己 的推测没有很大把握，故选 might。若选 A，语气太强，不合语境；若选 D，不合语法习惯， 因为 can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。 22. 选 D。既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除 A 和 B。比较选项 C 和 D 所表示的意思，选 D 更恰当。 24. 选 A。根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填 must。第二空填的 could 表示推测， 虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑 问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。 25. 选 A。根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除 B；根据 I don’t know 可 知选项 C 语气太肯定，不合适；选项 D 的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。 特殊句式习题（附参考答案） 1. For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come 2. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 3. You and I could hardly work together, ? A. could you B. couldn’t I C. couldn’t we D. could we 4. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. A. are B. is C. have D. be 5. According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman. A. than B. such C. so D. as 6. It was _____ he came back from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 7. Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 8. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____ , but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy 9. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 10. He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, ________ ? A. is he B. isn’t he C. must he D. mustn’t he 11. Little________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 12. — I wonder ________ you’ll water this kind of flower. — Every other day. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much 13. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 14. The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 15. Unsatisfied ________ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 16. It is often ________ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said 17. --- What’s the matter with Della? --- Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still __ A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for 18. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which 19. John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today. A. why B. when C. which D. that 20. I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now . A. so B. very C. too D. rather 21. —I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain. w_w w.k#s5_u.c o*m —why not consult with Frank? You see,_________. A. great minds think alike B. two heads are better than one C. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush D. it’s better to think twice before doing something. 22．If you have a job， yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed． A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting 23．John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before. A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl 24．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our health. A．being carried out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out 25．So little _______ that the neighbor could not settle their difference. A. they agreed B. they did agree C. agreed they D. did they agree 26．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the fiver so seriously now. A．is not polluted B．would not be polluted C．had not been polluted D．would not have been polluted 27．To have a family reunion dinner at a restaurant, you need to reserve the restaurant and select dishes on the menu months before it, ______? A. don’t you B. didn’t you C. mustn’t you D. needn’t you 28．---Why didn’t you reared him of the possible danger? ---But what otherwise? He never listens to me. A．could I do B．could I have done C．should I do D．must I have done 29．It wasn’t until the 2010 CCTV Spring Festival Gals（央视春晚） . A．did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite B．that the former pop band Little Tiger reunite C．then did the former pop band Little Tiger reunite D．when the former pop hand Little Tiger reunited 30．If I can help ____, I don’t like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 31．---Ann looks hot and dry. ---So you if you had a high fever. A. do B. are C. will D. would 32．She was regretful and wasn’t interested in anything around her. __________ her coach. A. So was B. Neither was C. So it was the same with D. So it was with 33．---Why can't I smoke here? ---At no time__________ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 34．—Did you know any French before you arrived in Paris？ —Never _______it, actually. A. I learned B. have I learned C. had I learned D. was I learned 35．How long do you think _______the computer company brings out a new product? A. it will be before B. will it be until C. will it be when D. it will be that 36．Nowhere else, as his mother told us, __________ except the cabin in the backyard. A. did he go B. he did go C. went he D. he went 37．I don’t think Richard could have done such a stupid thing last night, ________? A．do I B．could he C．did he D．has he 38．We all know that, ________ , the situation will get worse． A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with 39．一 Will the Johnsons leave for Australia for vacation this week? 一 No．they finally decided________． A．to not leave B．not to C．don’t leave D．won’t leave 40．——The man has great determination and never gives up halfway. ——______. A．So do you B. Neither do you C. So is with you D．It is the same with you 41．1 don't think he could have lost so much money last night,_____? A．did he B．could he C．do I D．hasn't he 42． the town we met each other for the first time many years ago? A. Was it, that B. Was it, where C. Was that, that D. Was this, which 43．Hardly returned home I realized I had left my key at the office. A．have I; when B．had I; when C．have I; than D．had I; than 高中英语虚拟语气练习题（附参考答案） 二．选择题 C1. If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie b2. How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had d3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got b4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will c5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is 8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today ---I had rather she ____ me tomorrow than today A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told 9. ---Would you have called her up had it been possible ---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. ____today, he would get there by Friday A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 17. He ____busy yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 18. If it ____for the snow, we____ the mountain yesterday A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadn’t been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life ____quite difficult today A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. ---I am going to tell her the news ---I would as soon you _____her about it A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell 21. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he ____home A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 22. It was requested that the play ____again A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on 23. She insisted that a doctor _____ immediately A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent 24. ---Did you scold him for his carelessness ----Yes, but ____it A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D. I’d better not do 25. If only I ___my car A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t lose D. haven’t lost 26. But for water, it ____impossible to live in the earth A. is B. would C. were D. wouldn’t be 27. I would rather you ____anything about it for the time being A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t 28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he ____ their own son A. is B. were C. had been D. should be 29. How the old people wish that they ____young once more A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be 30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting to discuss this problem A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held 31. The thief closed his eyes ____ he ____dying A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were 32. I wish that you ____ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert A. had not B. did not have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have 33. The chairman insisted that we ____the question again A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students ____them get in crops A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _____the rules A. obeys B. Obey C. will obey D. would obey 36. I wish I ____here then A. was B. had been C. were D. would be 37. It is strange that he ____back so early A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come 38. Mother suggested that I ___my homework first before watching TV A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done 39. My suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest Sunday A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there A. had been B. has been C. was D. been 41. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to…… ----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it! A. do B. didn’tC. did D. don’t 43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I ____ all this morning A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washingD. could have, had washing 44. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have triedD. didn’t try 45. ----How could I thank you enough? ----Don’t mention it. Any other man ____it A. must doB. could do C. would have done D. should have done 46. Key European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation ____ good and military action______ to allow inspections to continue A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed 47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, ____more deaths A. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been 48. What the customers_____ from the company is that the goods ____ right to their homes. A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered 49. If law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. not punished 50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we ____late A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been 51. Supposing he never ____, what would happen then A. come B. came C. would come D. will come 52. What do you think his proposal that we ____ a play at the English meeting A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on 53. I hope that you ____ right A. will be B. should be C. were D. would be 54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I would be happy if I ___of service to you A. am B. have beenC. should be D. would be 55. He insisted that we ____early the next morning A. start B. started C. would start D. had started 56. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would have met my brother A. has come B. did come C. had come D. came 57. We ____last night, but we went to the cinema instead A. must have studied B. might study C. would study D. would have studied 58. If it _____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last week A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been , could have climbed D. had not been, could climb 答案 C B D B C C C B A A D A B A C D B C D A D C C B A C B B A B D C C A B B D B A A C D C B C D D B C D B B A A A C D C Welcome to Chunxiao Online Classes 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 【经典例题】 1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold. A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught C. won’t catch D. wouldn’t catch 3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 【答案与解析】 1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语 动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用 would have +过去分词形式。 2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时， 可知主句谓语动词用 would / could have +过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选 B。 3．B. 根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词 用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用 would have +过去分词形式。 4．D． 根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我 哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用 could have done，故从句谓 语动词应该用过去完成时。 【重点归纳】 一、虚拟条件句的类别 虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过 去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语 动词构成如下： 1. 与现在事实相反 条件从句用过去时（be 动词的过去式一律用 were），主句用 would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。如： If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party. 如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。 If I knew her well, I would tell you about her. 如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。 2. 与过去事实相反 条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如： If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened. 如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。 If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus. 如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。 3．与将来事实相反 条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主 句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如： If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam. 如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。 If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith. 如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。 If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday. 如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。 【特别提示】 在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反， 从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反， 从句中用过去将来时。 二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装 如果 if 虚拟条件句中有 were, had, 或者 should 等词时，可以省略 if，把这些词 放在主语前，形成倒装句。如： If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her. 如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。 If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better. 如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。 If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded. 如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。 Grammar work 语法专练 动词变形 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. —? If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I ___________ (not sell) it. — But it isn’t yours. 2. — If you ___________ (keep) the secret, nobody ___________ (know) it. — I’m sorry for making such a mistake. 3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I ______ (go) for an outing with my parents. 4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again. 5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to see this wonderful film. 完成句子 根据中文提示完成下列各句。 1. 如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？ What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five years younger? 2. 如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。 If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such a traffic accident _________________________________. 3. 如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。 If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping. 4. 如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。 If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ______________________ for a picnic. 5. 如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。 If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the army. 6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。 If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way. 7. 如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。 I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an elder sister like you. 8. 如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。 If I ______________________ up the wallet, I _________________________________ it to its owner. 9. 万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。 If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything ___________ be changed. 10. 如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。 If you ______________________ that day, the fire _________________________________ out. Grammar quiz 语法小测 测一测 选择最佳答案。 1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give 2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked B. if Bob should walk C. had Bob walked D. if Bob walked 3. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation. A. Was B. Were C. Be D. Am 4. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all. A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t see C. comes, couldn’t have seen D. came, couldn’t see 5. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village. A. is B. be C. were D. are 6. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film. A. would B. should C. could D. might 7. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way. A. Were I B. Am I C. If I am D. Was I 8. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others. A. should B. had C. would have D. did 9.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river. A. If I stopped B. Did I stop C. If I didn’t stop D. If I hadn’t stopped 10. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck. A. am, would go B. was, will go C. were, would go D. were, would have gone 11. If you __________ my advice, you _________ such a serious mistake. A. followed, can’t make B. followed, couldn’t have made C. had followed, couldn’t make D. had followed, couldn’t have made 12. If I _________ that crowded bus yesterday morning, I _________ my purse with a lot of money in it. A. didn’t take, couldn’t lose B. hadn’t taken, wouldn’t have lost C. hadn’t taken, couldn’t lose D. didn’t take, can’t have lost 语法专练 (One possible version) 动词变形 1. belonged; wouldn’t sell 2. had kept; would have known 3. would go 4. Were 5. Had; would have gone 完成句子 1. would; do; were 2. had driven; couldn’t have happened 3. were; couldn’t drive 4. were to; would go 5. were; would 6. were; would 7. would be; had 8. had picked; would have returned 9. should; would 10. hadn’t smoked; wouldn’t have broken 语法小测 测一测 1-5 ACBDC 6-10 BACDC 11-12 DB 虚拟语气（二） ——虚拟条件句的一些特殊用法 【考点导航】 1. —My cat’s really fat. （2007 浙江） —You ______ have given her so much food. A. wouldn’t B .couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 2．—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? （2007 全国卷 I） —It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there. （2007 陕西） A. could B. must C. might D. should 【答案与解析】 1．C。shouldn’t have done 表示“本来不应该做某事而实际做了”。 2．C。根据句意，“本来这个湖应该是很漂亮的，但是现在被严重污染了”可 知选 C。should 在这里表示“本来应该……，暗含着实际上不……”之意。 3．D。should have done 表示“本应该做某事而实际上未做”，本句意为：“我 告诉你朋友该怎么到达旅馆了，但是也许我应该开车把她送到那儿去”。 【重点归纳】 1. 错综时间条件句： 有时在非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所 表示的动作并不同时发生，这时主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时 间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。如： Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. 如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，现在就不会淋湿了。（从句说的是过 去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情） If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be all right now. 如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。（从句说的是过去的 事情，而主句说的是现在的事情） If I hadn’t finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow. 如果到现在为止我还没有完成作文的话，我明天还要接着写。（从句说的是现 在的事情，而主句说的是将来的事情） 2．含蓄虚拟条件句： 有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子 叫含蓄条件句。主要有以下几种情况。 1) 用 with, without，but for 等介词短语来替代条件从句, 它们都可以转换成由 if 引导的虚拟条件句。如： We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn’t helped us. 如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已经死了。 Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow. 没有太阳，万物都不能生长。 2) 用 or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing (that), provided / providing (that) 等引导的虚拟语气。如： You didn’t come yesterday, or you would have seen him. 你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了。 I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you. 我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了。 Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on. 假如我还是一个小孩子的话，我将从现在开始努力学习。 3) 通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析。 I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then. 我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了。 I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number. 我本来可以给你打电话，但是我（那时）忘了你的电话号码。 Having known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldn’t have said that. 如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。 Any man in his position would have done that. 处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的。 4）由 should +动词原形或者 should/could/might have +过去分词构成的虚拟语 气。 种情况下，虚拟条件句经常省略，而只剩下主句结构，如： I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn’t accept the fact. 我本应该告诉你那件事，但我担心你不能接受这个事实。 Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago. 汤姆，你太懒了！这个工作本应该几个小时之前完成。 3. 在 if it were/had been not for …句型中的虚拟语气 If it were not for…,表示对现在事实的假设；If it had not been for…,表示对过去事 实的假设。 If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult. 要不是互联网，一切都会变得很难。 Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died. 要不是你那件大衣，我就被冻死了。 Grammar work 语法专练 选择最佳答案。 1. _________ the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm. A. If it is not for B. If it were not for C Is it not for D. Was it not for 2. _________ your offer of rice and vegetables, we would have gone hungry. A. If it hasn’t been for B. With C. Has it not been for D. Had it not been for 3. __________ your timely and correct guidance, I couldn’t have solved the problem so smoothly. A. Had it not been for B. Were it not for C. If it has not been for D. If it is not for 4. Jane would have gone to Washington ________ to get a plane ticket. A. was she able B. if she had been able C. would she be able D. if she is able 5. ________ for her encouragement, I would not have paid for that good-for-nothing huge vase. A. Were it not B. If it is not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 6. If I ________ a lot of money like you, I ________ buy that large company. A. had, would buy B. have, would C. had, would have bought D. have had, would have bought 7．If she ________ my English teacher, I ________ much from her. A. was, can learn B .is, could learn C. were, could learn D. had been, could learn 8. If I ________ out to work last year, I ________ much more money. A. had gone, would make B. had gone, would have made C. went, would make D. went, would have made 9．I supported him in time, otherwise he ______off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen 10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love with Mary in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 11. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ______. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 12.— Why don’t you buy the necklace since you like it so much? — I ______, but I don’t have the money. A. would B. will C. should D. may 13. — Finally I got to my grandmother’s home on foot. — Really? You ______ a ride there. A. must have taken B. could have taken C. shouldn’t have taken D. couldn’t have taken 14. If I had worked harder at school, I ______ in a comfortable office now. A. would sit B. would have sat C. would be sitting D. were sitting 15. My father told me how to get here but perhaps he _____ me a map. A. had to give B. ought to give C. must have given D. should have given Grammar quiz 语法小测 I. 请将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 要不是你帮忙的话，我会失败的。 . 2. 如果不是两次考大学都失败的话，他也不会一声不吭地离家出走。 . 3. 如果不是你及时的支持，我就会输掉这次大选。 . 4. 没有这本杂志，我们打发时光就很难。 . II. 根据上下文的意思，完成句子。 1. If it ______（要不是）your mobile phone, I couldn’t have got in touch with her. 2. I was really very busy that day, otherwise, I _______(就去参加舞会了)． 3. _________( 要不是天气好的话), I couldn’t go climbing that day. 4. Providing that I had finished the report two days before, I ________( 就不会被 开除了) now. 第 16 期 B3 版 Keys: 语法专练 1-5 BDABC 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABCD 语法小测 I. (One possible version) 1. But for your help, I would have failed. 2. Not having failed in the college entrance examination twice, he wouldn’t have left home without saying a word. 3. If it had not been for your timely support, I would have failed in the election. 4. Were it not for this magazine, it would be difficult for us to kill the time. II. (One possible version) 1. hadn’t been for 2. would have gone to the party 3. But for the fine weather 4. wouldn’t be fired