2018届二轮语法专题复习冠词课件（33张）

2018届二轮语法专题复习冠词课件（33张）

2018 届二轮复习 冠词 考点归纳 考点一　基本用法 1. 定冠词的基本用法 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的 人、事物。如： I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.   ( 辽宁 2012) (2) 用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如： ① The moon turns round the earth. ② Drivers always sit on the left of buses. (3) 用在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发 明。如： The tiger is a dangerous animal. (4) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示 江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。 如： We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes. ( 四川 2012) (5) 用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特 指“两者中较 …… 的一个”。如： As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. ( 陕西 2011) (6) 用在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间 的词组中： on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in the end, the other day 等。 (7) 用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如： the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown 等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇 二人。如： The Smiths are sitting at the table. (9) 用在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。 如： — It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. — Right, he will also get paid by the week. ( 江 西 2011) 口诀记忆 the 的用法 特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用 the 。 方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。 复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。 2. 不定冠词的基本用法 (1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于 “ one” 。如： The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.   ( 浙江 2012) (2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可 泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。如： It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.  (2011 新课标全国卷 ) (3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一 次，一类”等意义。如： He had a strong dislike for cold weather. (4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。如： He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.   (2012 大纲全国卷 II) (5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某 个”或“ …… 式的人”。如： Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. ( 浙江 2011) (6) 用在某些固定词组中： all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of 等。如： I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan. ( 浙江 2009) (7) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表 示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如： The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July. 3. 零冠词的用法（不用冠词的情况） (1) 复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如： The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.  ( 江西 2012) (2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名 词所有格时，其前不用冠词。如： Jack’s English book is lying on his desk. (3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名 等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如： Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.  (2012 新课标全国卷 ) (4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词 前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方 式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如： We’re going to watch a match on Sunday. (5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等 时，其前不用冠词。如： Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George. ( 重庆 2012) (6) 在某些固定搭配中 , 如： at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to 等。 无冠词 有冠词 on office 执政 in the office 在办公室 in prison 坐牢 in the/a prison 在监狱 go to church 去做礼拜 go to the church 去教堂 go to sea 当水手 go to the sea 去海边 in charge of 负责，管理 in the charge of 由 …… 负责 out of question 不成问题 out of the question 不可能 4. 有无冠词意义迥异的短语 考点二　习语、固定短语中的冠词 1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中 (1) “have/take ＋ a(n ) ＋与动词同形的名词”， 表示动作的一次。 have/take a rest 休息一会儿 have/take a look 看一下 have/take a bath 洗个澡 (2) “go out for a(n ) ＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。 go out for an outing 去郊游 go out for a picnic 去野餐 (3) 习惯搭配中 as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n )...knowledge of; have a(n )...understanding/grasp /feeling off 2. 定冠词用于固定搭配中： in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of... 3. 在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。 at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under ＋ n .; be home to 真题再现 1. The “Chinese Dream” is _____ dream to improve people’s well-being and _____ dream of harmony, peace and development.  ( 福建 2013) A. the; a             B. a; a C. a; the             D. the; the 解析 : B 。题中两个 dream 都表泛指，意为“一 个 …… 的梦想”，故前面都用不定冠词 a 。 2. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _____ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth century.       （陕西 2013 ） A. the; a                 B. a; 不填 C. 不填 ; the           D. the; the 解析： D 。 Pacific Ocean 是专有名词，故第一空用 the ；表示“第 …… ” 时，序数词前用 the 。 3. Four and _____ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.  (2013 新课标全国卷 II) A. a; a                            B. the; the C. 不填； the                  D. a; 不填 解析： A 。 half 可用在“基数词 + and + a half + 可数名 词复数”结构中，故第一空用 a ； break 此处表 泛指，其前用 a 。 4. Animals are obviously _____ lower form of life than _____ man.    ( 江西 2013) A. a; 不填                         B. the; the C. a; the                         D. 不填 ; 不填 解析： A 。 _____ lower form of life 指“一 种低级的生命形式”，故用 a 表示泛指； man 作“人类”讲，其前不用冠词。 5. People develop _____ preference for a particular style of learning at _____ early age and these preferences affect learning.       ( 浙江 2013) A. a; an                    B. a; 不填 C. 不填； the            D. the; an 解析： A 。 a preference for ... 意为“偏 爱 …… ” ，故第一空用 a ； at an early age 意为“在小时候”，是固定表达，故第二 空用 an 。 巩固练习 1. As _____ matter of fact, I don’t know who invented _____ steam engine either. A. a; 不填                   B. a; the C. the; 不填                 D. the; the B 2. — Do you know whether it is _____ Picasso? — No. You can ask Mr. Smith for help. He has _____ wide knowledge of painting. A. a; 不填                 B. the; a C. a; a                       D. the; 不填 C 3. What _____ pity that you can’t go to _____ theatre with us tonight. A. a; the                    B. a; 不填 C. 不填 ; the              D. 不填 ; 不填 A 4. You really ought to make _____ most of the opportunity, because you won’t get _____ second chance. A. 不填 ; the               B. 不填 ; a C. the; the                  D. the; a D 5. The accident happened on _____ Saturday of last month because all of my children didn’t go to _____ school. A. 不填 ; 不填               B. 不填 ; the C. a; the               D. a; 不填 D 6. “_____ Mr. Green phoned and left _____ message that he was going to be late,” said Alice to her boss. A. The; 不填            B. A; 不填 C. A; a                     D. The; a C 7. There still has been _____ increasing number of cases of the disease and _____ number of patients are dying from it. A. 不填 ; the                B. an; the C. 不填 ; a                   D. an; a D 8. Jack will come to New York by _____ air tomorrow, where he is invited to play _____ part of Juliet in the new film. A. the; a                    B. the; the C. 不填 ; a                 D. 不填 ; the D 9. If that is not _____ case, it’s _____ waste of time trying to get her to change her mind. A. the; a                      B. a; a C. the; 不填                 D. a; 不填 A 10. After Obama was chosen as _____ President of the United States, his first speech made _____ strong impression on me. A. the; 不填                 B. 不填 ; a C. the; a                      D. 不填 ; 不填 B