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上海高考英语知识点整理
² abstract adj/n.抽象的;摘要 区分concrete n/adj.混凝土;具体实在的 ² burst v.爆裂,突然发出 burst into tears=burst out crying放声大哭 burst into laughter=burst out laughing放声大笑 区分break v/n.打破,违反;暂停,破裂 →n.暂停interval n.间隔,中间休息 区分external adj.外面的,外部的 break out爆发 break down出故障=go wrong break in强行闯入 break into sp.强行闯入某地 break through突破 break up打破 break away from从...脱离,逃离,断绝关系 break into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑 ² announce vt.宣布,通告 同根announcement n.宣布 区分pronounce vt.宣称 同根pronunciation n.发音 ² good adj.好的 be good at擅长 [e.g.Men are generally not good at bargaining with shopkeepers when shopping.男士一般不擅长在购物时讨价还价。] do good to=be good for对...有好处 do more good than harm利大于弊 do more harm than good弊大于利 同根for good永远 同根goodness n.善,美德 同根goods n.商品,货物 ² harm vt/n.伤害,损害,危害 harmful/harmless adj. do harm to=be harmful to 类似hurt vi/vt.痛 类似injure vt.伤害,损害(事故受伤) 类似wound n/vt.伤口;受伤(战争受伤) 区分harmony n.和睦,融洽,友好,和谐 ² destroy vt.破坏,拆毁,消灭 destruction n.破坏,毁坏 destructive adj.破坏性的,毁灭性的 类似ruin vt.破坏 同根ruins n.废墟区分remains遗迹 类似damage vt/n.破坏 同根damages n.赔偿金 do damage to 对造成破坏 类似site n.场所,地点,选址 ancient site历史遗迹 ² remain vi.留下,保持不变,剩余 remains n.遗迹 remaining adj.剩下的 ² construct v.建造,构造=put up=set up 同根constructive adj.建设性的 同根construction n.建设 区分instruct vt.讲授,指示 同根instruction n.教学,指示,说明 同根instructive adj.有教育意义的 ² post n/vt.柱,邮政,职位;张贴,邮寄 同根postal adj.邮政的 同根postcode n.明信片;postcard n.邮政编码 同根postman n.邮递员;postmaster n.邮政局长 同根postgraduate n.研究生;bachelor学士 区分position n.位置 1.portion n.一部分 同根postage n.邮费 类似store vt/n.储存;商店--storage n.储藏 类似cover vt/n.遮盖;封面,盖子--coverage覆盖面积 cover all the cost涵盖所有成本 类似orphan n/adj.孤儿;孤儿的--orphanage n.孤儿院 类似marry vt/vi.结婚--marriage n.结婚区分carriage n.车辆,马车 poster n.海报 类似cook n.厨子;烹调--cooker n.厨具 ² sometime adv.某个时候 区分sometimes adv.有时=from time to time 区分some time 在某个时候 区分some times 几次 ² time n.时间 all the time/way一直,总是 at no time绝不 in no time立刻马上 by the time到...为止(完成时) at the same time与此同时 ahead of time=in advance提前 in time及时 on time准时 at a time一次一个 take one’s time慢慢来 at one time=once=once upon a time曾经 for the time being=at present现在 The room is 3 times as big as mine =The room is twice bigger than mine =The room is three times the size of yours 同根timetable n.时刻表 同根times n.时代 behind the times落后时代 keep up with the times追上时代 同根pastime n.娱乐,消遣 ² want vt.想要 wanted adj.招聘,被通缉的 want to know=wonder 类似wonder v/n.想知道,惊叹;奇迹,疑惑 wonderful adj.令人惊叹的 类似miracle n.奇迹 同根marvelous adj.令人惊奇的,奇特的 区分wander vi.徘徊,闲逛 ² promise v/n.承诺 promise sb sth promise to do sth 类似用法promise,agree,hope,suggest,demand make a promise 作出承诺 keep/break one’s promise 遵照承诺/食言 promising adj.有前途的,有希望的 ² mobile adj/n.活动的,移动的;汽车 mobile phone=cell phone手机 区分mode n.方式,形式,风尚 区分model n.模型 区分modern adj.现代化的 同根modernize v.使现代化 区分modest adj.谦虚的 区分moderate adj.适度的,中等的 moderation n.适度 in moderation 适度 类似medium adj/n.中间的,适度的;媒介物,传媒media 区分radium n.镭 区分stadium n.体育场 ² material n.材料 rare-material 原材料 区分medal n.奖牌,纪念章 区分metal n.金属 区分mention vt/n.精神的,智力的,内心的 as is mentioned above正如上文所提到的 同根mental adj.精神的,智力的 physical物质的,生理的 ² order n/vt.整齐,秩序;命令,整理 命令:order sb to do sth 订购:place an order for sth=order sth 秩序:in order整齐的;out of order混乱的 in good/bad order井然有序;秩序混乱 put...in order整理 为了:in order to=so as to do with a view to doing in order that 句子 out of order混乱 区分orderly adj.整齐的,有秩序的 区分disorder n.杂乱,混乱 同根disorderly adj.杂乱的,混乱的 ² form n/vt/vi.形成,表格;构成,组成 formal adj.正式的 inform vt.通知,告知 informal adj.非正式的 类似casual adj.偶然的,随便的,非正式的 →非正式的inform →暂时的a causal interest暂时的兴趣 →临时的casually adv. 区分reform v/n.改革 区分transform vt.改造,改革 区分translate v.翻译,转变 区分transplant vt.移植 区分transport vt.运输,输送 区分transportation n.交通工具,客运,货运 区分transfer v.搬,转动,转换 ² interrupt vt.打断,打扰 区分interpret口译,翻译 →translate translate A into B 同根interpreter n.解释,说明,翻译 同根interpretation n.解释,口译 ² lie vi/n.躺,位于(lay,lain) lie in在于 ² vt.说谎(lied lied) 区分lay vt.放下,产卵,铺设(laid laid) lay down 制定 lay the table 铺桌子 lay down放下 lay much emphasis on重点强调 lay a solid/foundation打下坚实基础 同根layer n.层 ² present n礼物=gift 类似gift n.礼物,天赋 have a gift for有天赋 gifted adj.有天赋的 ² vt.赠送,授予,呈现 同根presentation n.赠送,呈现,授课 present sb with sth=present sth for sb提供某人某物 ² adj.现在 同根presently adv.不久,不一会,现在=soon at present=for the time being=currently目前现在 the present government现政府 ² adj.出席的,到场的 同根presence n.在场,出席 the people present 在场的人 represent vt.代表 同根representative n.代表 ² expose vt.暴露,揭露 be exposed to+doing接触,暴露,感染 exposure n.暴露 exposition n.博览会(EXPO) ² interview n/vt.采访,面试 同根interviewer n.面试官 同根interviewee n.被面试者区分candidate n.参选者,求职者 ² employ vt.雇佣,使用 同根employee n.雇主 同根employer n.雇员 同根employment n.雇佣→unemployment n.失业 unemployed adj.失业的 be employed/used to...被用来 ² apply v.申请,应用 同根applicant n.申请人 同根application n.申请表,应用 make an application for sth apply for 申请 apply A to B→be applied to应用于 [e.g.She has applied to the company for a position as a secretary.她已经向这家公司申请做秘书。] [e.g.Students should be encouraged to apply what they have learnt in class to practice.应该鼓励学生将课堂知识应用于实践。] 同根appliance n.器具 device n.装置;instrument n.仪器,乐器 implement n/vt.工具,用具;tool n.工具 ² pass v/n.传递,经过,通过;通行证 passage n.通过,通道,经过,文章的一段 类似corridor n.走廊 passenger n.乘客 passer-by n.过路人 pass on传递convey message n.信息 messenger n.送信人 ² 区分massage n.按摩 ² point v/n.指出;小数点 be on the point of doing sth=be about to do sth正要做某事 There is no sense/point in doing sth毫无意义 v.→point at/to指向 point out指出indicate ² sense n.感觉 a sense of humor幽默感 make sense有意义 make sense of弄懂 [e.g.Someone need a textbook to make sense of a foreign tongue] common sense/knowledge常识 in sense在某种意义上讲 have…in common有共同点 ² vt.意识到 类似realize vt.实现,认识,体会 real adj.真的,真正的 really adv.确实的 realistic adj.现实的,真实的 reality n.现实 类似aware adj.意识到→be aware of sensible adj.明智的,合理的→be sensible of 类似wise adj.有智慧的 类似advisable 同根sensitive adj.敏感的→be sensitive to nonsense n.胡说,废话 ² case n.实例,事例 suitcase n.行李箱 in no case=at no time=by no means=on no condition =on no account=under /in no circumstance绝不 in any case=any way不论如何 in case+句子;in case of doing/sth以防万一 类似circumstance n.情况,境遇(常用复数)(situation) 类似account n/vi.叙述,账户账目;解释,说明 account for占多大比例 [e.g.Sth account of 11.4% of B某物占据B的11.4%] accountant n.会计人员 类似mean vt/adj.意味着;平庸,卑鄙,中间的 mean to do sth打算做 mean doing意味着 be meant for/to do旨在 [e.g.The magazine is meant for young girls who like fashion.那本杂志是编给喜欢时尚的女孩看的。] meaning n.意义,意思 means n.方法手段 meantime n.间隔时间 meanwhile adv.同时 ² due adj.应得的,到期的,预定的 类似because conj.因为 类似owe vt.归功于 owe...to...将某事归功于... 同根owing adj.欠着的,未付的 due to/because of/on account of/owing to+doing 同根own adj/vt.由于,因为 同根owner n.所有者 ² state n/v.国家,状态;声明 the state of marriage婚姻状况 同根unstated adj.含蓄的 同根statement n.声明 ² qualify v.使具有资格的 同根qualification n.资格 同根qualified adj.有资格的 qualify sb for/to do/as be qualified to do/as/for 区分quality adj/n.优质的;性质,特性,品质,质量,品质 be of good quality 区分quantity n.量,数量 a large quantity of大量的 ² provide vt.供给,提供 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb= supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb=offer sb sth 类似supply n/vt.供应,供应物;供给 类似offer vt.提供,提议,开价 类似afford vt.买得起,承担 be able to/afford to do sth [e.g.In the mountain area,many children about my age can’t afford to go to school.在山区,很多同我年龄相仿的儿童上不起学。] 区分offend vt.冒犯,得罪 同根offence n.冒犯行为,过错 同根offensive adj.冒犯的 区分defend vt.防御,辩护 同根defence n.防御,辩护 同根defensive adj.辩护的 同根defendant n.被告 区分defeat vt/n.击败 ² able adj.有能力,能干的 同根ability n.能力 区分capable n.有能力 同根capability n.能力,性能,潜质 be capable of doing sth有能力做某事 [e.g.As a top student in the class,she is capable of working out these maths problems.作为班上的优秀学生,她有能力解答这些数学问题。] 区分capacity n.能力,容量,职责 ² cover n/vt.封面;遮盖,采访,掩盖,占地面积 区分discover vt.发现 区分recover v.寻回,恢复 ² other adj.别的,其他的 同根otherwise adv/conj.否则,不然 another adj/pron.另一个 the other day几天前→I did see it the other day another day改天→Let us discuss it another day every other day=every second day=every two days隔天 every few days每隔几天 another two weeks=two weeks more=two more weeks另外两周 ² favour n/vt.恩惠,善行;喜爱,支持 be in favour of支持,赞同 do sb a favour=help sb=give sb a hand=approve of 同根favourite adj.最爱的 同根favourable adj.有利的,赞同的 Optimism(乐观) is looking at a more favourable side of events 同根unfavourable adj.不利的 类似approve vt.赞成 同根approval n.赞成 同根disapproval n.不赞同 同根disapprove v.不赞同 ² propose vt.建议 propose doing sth propose that+(should)虚拟语气 proposal n.建议 propose proposal refuse refusal approve approval deny denial bury burial try trial ² sure adj/adv.确信的,可靠的,有把握的;确实 be sure to do sth=be bound to do sth一定会做某事 be sure of/about sth有把握做某事 make sure that+句子 确保 assure vt.保证,承担 assure sb of sth assure sb that+句子 向某人保证 ensure vt.保证 ensure sb sth insure vt/vi.给保险 同根insurance n.保险 ² certain adj.确定的,有把握的 be certain to do必将 区分curtain n.幕 区分contain vt.包含,容纳=include=seat 同根container n.集装箱,容器 类似seat n/vt.座位;就坐;容纳 [e.g.The bag contained a book.包中有书。] [e.g.The report contains mistakes.文件中存在错误。] 区分obtain vt.得到 ² digest vt/n.消化吸收;摘要 同根digestion n.消化,吸收 同根digestive adj.消化,吸收的 ² former adj.前者 ² late adj/adv.迟的,晚的 同根latter adj.较后的,后一半的 the former…the latter前者后者 同根later adj/adv.较晚的 later on后来 同根latest adj.最新的,最近的 at latest最新的 同根lately adv.近来,最近类似recently ² recent adj.新近的,近来的 ² congratulate vt.祝贺 congratulate on sb祝贺某人 congratulation n.祝贺 类似celebrate vt.庆祝 celebration n.祝贺 ² count v.计算,数 count on=depend on=calculate on依赖依靠 count up=add up总计 区分counter n/v.柜台;应对 区分encounter vt/n.意外的相遇,邂逅=meet=come across 区分account n/vi.叙述,账户账目;解释,说明 account for占多大比例 [e.g.Sth account of 11.4% of B某物占据B的11.4%] 同根accountant n.会计人员 类似calculate n.计算,估计 同根calculator n.计算器 depend vi.依靠,依赖 同根dependent adj.依赖的,依靠的 ² focus v/n.集中,聚焦 focus on集中于,焦点在于 ² concentrate v.集中 concentrate on集中注意力在 同根concentration n.专心,集中 ² depend vt.依赖依靠 dependence→independence n.独立 dependent→independent adj.独立的 depend on 依靠依赖,取决于 ² operate v.工作,运转,活动,操作 operate on给某人动手术 同根operation n.操作,经营,营业,手术 同根operator n.操作员,话务员 区分cooperate vi.合作,配合 ² lose vt/vi.失去,损失 lose one’s way=get lost迷路 be lost in陷入沉思 ² touch v/n.触摸,触及,涉及 touch on涉及,论及,述及 同根untouched adj.未碰触过的 区分tough adj.坚韧的,困难的,强硬的,固执的 →hard [The life in the city is tough] 区分rough adj.粗糙的,崎岖的,粗制的 →smooth 光滑的,平稳的 同根roughly adv.概略的,粗糙的 rough condition艰苦的环境 区分cough v/n.咳嗽 区分cotton n. 棉花 ² agree v.同意 agree on在某方面达成协议 agree to do sth同意做某事 agree with sb同意某人的意见 agree with sth与...一致 [e.g.He is always promising to study hard,but his actions don’t agree with his words.他总是承诺要努力学习,却言行不一。] 同根agreeable adj.令人愉快的 同根disagreeable adj.不合意的,令人不快的 同根agreement n.协议=contract 类似grant vt/n.同意,授予,承认 take sth for granted=take it for granted that...认为...理所当然 [e.g.The Chinese take it for granted that sons and daughters should support their parents.中国人认为子女有义务赡养父母。] ² decide v.决定 同根decision n.决定 类似determine vt/vi.决定 同根determination n.决心,坚定,果断,确定 decide to do=determine to do=be determined to do决心做某事= make up one’s mind to do=make a decision ² divide vt.分开 同根division n.部门,分开 divide into将分为 divided by除 divide...between A and B将...分为A和B separate adj/vt.分开,划分,区分 separate...from ² explode v.爆炸,爆发 类似blow up 同根explosion爆炸 explosive炸药 bomb炸弹 bullet子弹 gun手枪 区分guy n.家伙,小子 ² include vt.包括 区分conclude v.结束,推断出 同根conclusion n.结束,结论,推论 in conclusion=in a word总之 arrive at/draw come to a conclusion得出结论 区分exclude vt.排斥在外,不包括 同根exclusion ² persuade vt.说服 同根persuasion n.劝说 persuade sb to do sth成功的劝说某人做某事 ² general adj.普遍的,一般的 in general=generally speaking一般来说 general idea文章大意 同根generation n.一代人 from generation to generation 一代代的 generation gap代沟 区分generous adj.慷慨的,大方的 generosity慷慨 ² curious adj.好奇的 curiosity n.好奇心 ² differ vi.不同 同根different adj.不同的,有区别的 同根difference n. A be different from BA与B不同 A differ from B in C= A and B be different in CA与B在C方面不同 ² aspect n.方面 区分inspect vt/vi.检查,检阅,视察 inspector检查者 区分prospect v/n.勘察;预期,景色,前景 区分respect n/vt.尊敬,重视,方面 respective adj.各自的,各个的 respectable adj.受尊敬的 同根respectively adv.各自的 区分expect vt.期待,预料 expect to do expect sb to do sth expect too much of him对他期望过高 as is expected正如所预料的 expect too much of sb对某人期望过高 expectation n. 区分suspect vt/n.推测,察觉,怀疑;嫌疑犯 类似doubt vt/n.怀疑 doubtful adj.有疑问的 doubtless adj.无疑=undoubted ² country n.国家,乡下 from country to country国与国之间 from door to door=from house to house人与人之间 from time to time=sometimes=at times=every now and then 同根countryside n.乡下 区分county n.郡 区分league n.联盟,协会 ² city n.城市 同根citizen n.公民 类似town n.城镇 类似urban adj.城市的 区分rural adj.农村的 区分valley n.山谷,溪谷 区分village n.村庄 区分civil adj.国内的,公民的 同根civilian n.平民 同根civilization n.文明 同根civilize v.使开化 ² fail vi/vt.失败,不及格,衰退 fail in doing在某方面失败 fail to do未能成功的做某事 同根failure n.失败,故障 power failure断电 crop failure粮食歉收 ² succeed v.成功,继承 succeed in doing=manage to do sth 同根success n.成功,成就,胜利 同根successful adj.成功的 同根successfully adv.成功地 ² consider vt.考虑,认为 consider...as=regard...as=look on...as=view...as =think of...as=cont...as将看做 区分considerate adj.考虑周到的 be considerate/thoughtful of 考虑周到的 类似considered adj.经过深思熟虑的 同根consideration n.考虑 take...into consideration/account考虑=consider 区分considerable adj.重大的,相当多的,相当大的 considerable orders大量订单 同根considerably adv.很大程度上 ² worth prep/n.值得;价值 be worth doing=be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done值得 同根worthy adj.值得的,值得敬重的 同根worthless adj.无价值的 区分priceless 无价的 类似price n.价格 the reduced price已经下调的价格 区分prize n.奖品 同根worthwhile adj.值得的 It is worthwhile to do/doing 类似valuable adj.有价值的,有用的 同根value n/vt.价值;重视 ² face n/v.面孔;面对 make a face做鬼脸 sb be faced with/by sth=sth face sb面对 [e.g.After a rainstorm,they found themselves faced with a serious flood一场暴风雨过后,他们发现自己面临着严重的水灾。=After a rainstorm,they found a serious flood facing themselves in face of面对 同根facial adj.面部的 区分fascinate vt.迷住,吸引 be fascinated with/by被迷住 ² express n/vt.快车,快递;表达,表示 EMS(express mail service)特快专递 express my thanks to you.表达我的谢意 同根expression n.表达,表示,表情,短语 类似phrase n.短语 ² admit vt.承认,准许进入 admit (to)doing be admitted to/into考入 [e.g.He has been admitted into XX university.考入] [e.g.The driver who had knocked down an old man admitted drinking before driving.那名撞到老人的司机承认自己是酒后驾驶。] 同根admission n.准许进入 类似allow vt.允许=permit permit/allow doing sth sb to do [e.g.He is so independent that he won’t allow anyone to lead him by his nose.他很独立,所以不会允许任何人牵着他的鼻子走。] 同根permission 同根permissible ² earth n.陆地 on the earth在地球上 on earth究竟 同根earthquake n.地震 ² once adv.一次 at once=immediately=in no time=right away/now=with delay立刻 all at once突然 once upon a time曾经=once once in a while偶尔,有时候 once again/more再一次,又一次 ² contact n/v.联系,接触 contact sb与某人联系=make/keep in/get contact with sb eye contact眼神交流 类似connect vt.连接,联系 connect A with B=be connected with 类似combine v.结合 combine A with B be combined with结合 同根combination n.结合 区分contract n/v.合同;订立合同,感染 →感染=be infected with →合同=agreement n.合同 区分contrary n.相反 on the contrary 相反 be contrary to 与相反 区分contrast n.对比 by/in contrast a sharp contrast鲜明的对比 区分constant adj.连续不断的,始终如一的,一成不变的 constant activities连续不断的活动 ² press v/n.压平;报刊,新闻舆论 Press conference记者招待会 同根pressure n.压力 类似stress n.压力,紧张,强调,重音 high blood pressure高血压 lung cancer肺癌 heart disease/attack/trouble心脏病 区分depress vt.丧气,压下,抑郁 The Big Depression29-33年资本主义世界经济危机 depressed adj.感到沮丧的 depressing/depressive adj.令人沮丧的 区分oppress vt.压迫,压制 区分impress vt.印象深刻 sth deeply impress sb=sb be deeply impressed by sth. 某物留给某人深刻的印象 [e.g.The great changes in Shanghai in the past decade have deeply impressed me.=Ihave been deeply impressed by the great changes in Shanghai in the past decade.上海过去十年的变化,留给我深刻印象。] impress sb with sth=impress sth on sb 使某人记忆深刻 [e.g.The girl impressed the interviewer with her liveliness and humor.那个姑娘又活泼又幽默,给面试官留下深刻印象。] 同根impression n.印象 ² condition n/vt.环境,状况 air-condition空调 同根air-conditioned adj.有空调的 be in good condition状态好 on condition that以...为条件 on no condition绝不 同根conditioner护发素 区分surround n/adj.包围,环绕 同根surrender v.投降 同根surrounding n/adj.周围的事物;周围的 同根surroundings n.周边环境 区分environment n.环境(自然环境) 区分situation n.情况,处境,场面 ² charge v/n.主管,费用,充电,控告 ①索价charge for要价 free of charge免费 charge sb some money收费 ②主管in the charge of在...管理之下[The baby is in the charge of my mun] in charge of主管,负责[My mum is in charge of the baby] take charge of主管③控告charge sb with sth=accuse ④充电 同根charged adj.带电的 ² blame vt/n.责怪 blame sb for sth=blame sth on sb将某事的责任归咎给某人 [e.g.You shouldn’t blame her for it,for she is innocent.因为她是无辜的,所以你不应该将此事归咎于她。=You shouldn’t blame it on her,for she is innocent.] be to blame for该受责备的 [e.g.The children are not to blame for what happened yesterday.昨天发生的事情不可以责怪孩子们。] ² devote vt.奉献,专用于=dedicate 区分delicate adj.纤细的,雅致的,易碎的 be devoted to=devote oneself to doing/n.奉献于,致力于 区分debate v/n.辩论 区分contribute v.贡献 同根contribution n.贡献 make a contribution to doing/n.=contribute to doing贡献于 同根contributing n.主导因素 区分distribute vt.分发,配送 distribute to分散,分担 attribute to归因于 ² courage n.勇气,勇敢 have the courage to do sth有勇气去做某事 同根courageous adj.有勇气的 encourage vt.鼓励,激励 encourage doing sth sb to do sth feel happy and encouraged欢欣鼓舞 discourage vt.阻止,阻拦 discourage...from doing阻止...做某事 ² art n.美术,文科(s) 同根artificial adj.人工的,人造的 同根article n.文章 ² text n/vt.短信,发送短信 区分context n.上下文,语境,背景,环境 区分contest n.竞赛,比赛 区分test n/vt.实验,测试,化验,考验 类似quiz n.测试 区分quit v.停止,放弃,离开 =give up doing=resign=abandon=desert放弃 类似examination n.考试,检查,检测 同根examine vt.测试 学科 名词 形容词 art n.美术,文科(s) science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 scientific adj.科学的 architecture n.建筑学 architect n.建筑师 biology n.生物 botany n.植物学 botanist n.植物学家 chemistry n.化学 chemist n.化学家 chemical adj/n.化学的,化学制品 engineering n.工程学 engineer n.工程师 geology n.地质学 geography n.地理 philosophy n.哲学 physics n.物理 physician n.内科医生 physicist n.物理学家 physical adj.物理的,身体的,物质的 physiology n.生理学 politics n.政治 politician n.政治家 political adj.政治的 psychology n.心理 psychological adj.心理 ² science n.科学 同根scientist n.科学家 同根scientific adj.科学的,细致严谨的 scientific study科学研究 区分specific adj.明确的,特定的,具体的 ² willing adj.愿意的,乐意的 be willing to do sth be unwilling to do sth=be reluctant to do sth 类似reluctant adj.不情愿的,勉强的 区分relevant adj.有关的,切题的 be relevant to sth与...相关的related [e.g.The long answer is not directly relevant to this question.] ² crazy adj.疯狂的,荒唐的 be crazy about对...好奇 ² worry v/n.担心,发愁 be worried about对...担心/忧虑 ² anxious adj.焦虑的,急切的 be anxious about对...焦虑 be anxious for盼望 ² particular adj.特殊的,特定的 同根participant n.参与者 同根participate vi.参与 同根particularly adv.特别,尤其 be particular about对...吹毛求疵 =be critical of=find fault with ² critical adj.批评的,挑剔的,至关重要的,危急的 a critical situation危局 at a critical point在一个关键点 同根critic n.批评家 同根criticism n.批评,评论 同根criticize v.批评,评论,指责 同根criticism批判主义 ² fault n.缺点,错误 ² look vi/vt.看,显得 look in on=drop in on=call on sb拜访某人 look into观察,浏览,调查=investigate=survey look to依赖,依靠=take care of look over检查,瞭望 look out小心 look out of从...朝外看 look down on看不起 look back on回顾 look as if/though看起来很像... look through浏览=scan look around/about环顾 look for寻找=search for look forward to doing期待... look on观察=watch,将...看作=look upon=take to be look after照顾 look like看上去像 look at sb with new eyes对某人刮目相看 ² drop n/v.滴;落下,掉下 drop out辍学 drop in at somewhere=call at somewhere=look in at somewhere拜访某地 ² all adj/pron/adv.所有的,完全 all over到处,浑身 in all总共 not at all别客气;一点也不 above all最重要的是 after all毕竟,终究 ² call vt/vi/n.大声说出;叫喊;呼叫 call at someplace/on sb拜访某地,拜访某人 call for sb要求;取消=cancel call off取消=give up call in约请 ² recall vt/n.回忆,回想,召回 [e.g.I seem to recall that the festival got started in the 1930s.我好想回忆起这个节日起源于上个世纪三十年代。] ² assemble v.集合,装配 同根assembly n.集合 区分resemble vt.像 区分tremble vi.颤动 类似gather vt/vi.集合,聚集,收集 ² afraid adj.害怕 be afraid of doing sth害怕做 be afraid to do sth由于担心而不敢做某事 ² assist v.协助,帮助 assist sb in doing sth 同根assistant n.助手 assistance n.帮助 ² insist v.坚持,坚持认为 insist on doing坚持做 类似stick n/v.枝条,棍棒;黏贴,刺 stick to doing坚持 区分strike v/n.敲击,打击,罢工 be on strike正在罢工中的 ge on strike开始罢工 类似persevere vi.坚持不懈 同根perseverance n.坚持 类似persist vi.执意 persevere in doing=persist in doing坚持 区分resist v.抵抗 resist doing抵抗做... 同根resistant adj.抵抗的 be resistant to... 区分consist vi.由组成,构成,在于 consist of由...组成 ² compose v.组成,创作 be composed of由...组成=consist of 同根composer n.作曲家 同根composition n.组成,作文,作品 ² engage vt/vi.使订婚,使从事,吸引 be engaged in 从事于... be engaged to sb与某人订婚 ² develop vt/vi.开发,发展,生长,发育 n.形成→form=generate=cultivate n.冲洗(胶卷)→develop a film 同根developed adj.发达的 同根developing adj.发展中的 同根development n.发展 ² crime n.罪行 同根criminal adj.犯罪的 ² commit vt.犯罪,委托,提交 同根committee n.委员会 commit a crime犯罪 ² relate v.叙述,有关联 同根related adj.有关的 be related to be close related to/linked to/associated with/connected with息息相关 同根relation n.关系 in relation to关于=as to=as for 同根relationship n.关系 同根relative n/adj.亲属;比较的,相对的 同根relatively adv.比较而言,相对的 relatively speaking相对而言 同根relativity n.相关性,相对论 ² probable adj.很可能发生 同根probably adv.很可能(80%) 类似likely ad/adv.可能;很可能(50%) 同根alike adv/adj.相似的,一样的 同根dislike vt/n.不喜欢 ² resource n.资源 source n.源泉,来源 the source of...的来源 ² rely vi.依靠,依赖 rely on依靠,指望 同根reliable adj.可靠的,可依赖的 同根reliant adj.依靠的,依赖的 同根reliability n.可靠 ² close v/adj.关闭;接近的,靠近的 同根closely adv.密切的,仔细的 同根closed adj.关闭的 close friend密友 close game势均力敌的比赛 take a close look at...仔细看一看... 区分enclose vt.围住,包住,封入 enclose sth with the letter随信附上 区分open adj.打开 be open to the public 同根opener n.开启者 同根opening adj/n.开始的;开端 ² sleep v/n.睡眠 同根sleepy adj.困倦的 同根asleep adj.睡着的 同根sleeping adj.正在睡觉的 go to bed/sleep去睡觉 ² warm adj/v.温暖的,热切的;温暖,暖和 warm-hearted adj.热心的 warmth n.缓和,温暖,热情 区分warn v.警告,告诫 warn sb of sth warn sb not to do sth=warn sb against doing inform/remind/ convince/accuse sb of sth指责控告 类似rob v.抢劫,剥夺 rob sb of sth 同根robber n.强盗,盗贼 同根robbery n.抢劫案 ² demand vt/n.要求,需求,询问 demand to do sth demand that (should) do+v.原型(虚拟语气) demand sth of sb meet one’s demands/needs of满足某人的需要 supply and demand供求 同根demanding adj.高要求的 区分command n/vt.命令,指挥,掌握 command respect博得尊敬 have a good command of精通 同根commander n.司令官,指挥官 ² intend vt.打算,计划 intend to do sth=mean/plan to do sth计划... Sth be intended to do旨在... be intended for sth为...而准备 同根intense adj.强烈的,剧烈的,紧张的 同根intention n.意图,目的 区分pretend v.假装 pretend to do/that pretend to know what he doesn’t know不懂装懂 区分tend v.照管,护理 tend to do易于/往往去做 同根tendency n.易于,趋向于 同根tender adj.嫩的,温柔的,亲切地 区分trend n/vi.走向,趋向 ² long vi/adj.渴望;长的 long to do=be eager/anxious to do sth long for sb to do sth 同根long-term adj.长期的 同根as long as只要 同根before long不久以后 同根long before很久以前 同根at length详细的,最终的 ² pick v.采摘 pick up捡起,采摘,搭便车,顺道拜访某人,学会,购买 pick out挑选出,分辨出 ² put vt.放 put up张贴,搭建,提供住宿=provide/offer=set up/raise put up with忍受 put out熄灭,出版,伸出 put aside/apart留出=set aside [e.g.Put aside this question for a moment.暂时撇开这个话题不谈。] put away储存store/reserve,放弃desert/give up put down记下,放下=write down=note put on上演,穿上 put off推迟=postpone doing=put over=set back put in提出申请,放入,种植 put forward提出(建议)=raise=bring up put through接通电话 ² note n/vt.笔记,纸币 同根notebook n.笔记本 ² catch vt.捉住,赶上,钩住 catch/keep up with赶上 ² require v.需要,要求 require sb to do sth require doing=require to be done require sth of sb 同根requirement n.必需品,需要,规定 区分request vt/n.要求,请求 request sb to do sth request sth of sb 区分acquire vt.获得,学到 区分inquire v.询问 inquire about/of 同根inquiry n.询问 ² imagine vt.想象 imagine doing 同根imaginary adj.想象中的,虚构的 imaginable可以想象的 imaginative富有想象力的 同根imagination n.想象力 区分image n.映像,形象 类似fancy n/v.想象力;想象 同根fantastic adj.奇异的,了不起的 ² advise vt.劝告,建议 advice doing/sb to do sth 同根adviser n.顾问 同根advisable adj.明智的sensible 区分advice n/vt.劝告,忠告 ² suggest vt.暗示,建议,推荐,表明 suggest doing sth ² achieve vt.完成,实现,达到 同根achievement n.成就 类似accomplish vt.实现,完成,达到 accomplished adj.完成的,有技巧的skillful accomplishable adj.可达成的achievable 类似fulfill vt.履行,满足 类似complete vt/adj.完成;完整的,十足的 同根completion n.完成 同根incomplete adj.不完全的 区分compete vi.比赛,竞争 同根competition n.竞争,比赛 同根competitive adj.有竞争力的 ² forbid vt.禁止 forbid doing forbid sb to do sth the Forbidden City紫禁城 类似prevent vt.阻止,妨碍 类似ban vt/n.阻止,取缔;禁令 类似stop v/n.阻塞,停止,阻拦;车站,阻止 同根nonstop adj.不停地 类似prohibit vt.禁止,阻止 prevent/stop...from doing keep... from doing ban...from doing prohibit...from doing [e.g.No doubt nothing can prevent then from heading for victory.毫无疑问,没有什么可以阻止他们走向胜利。] 同根prohibition n.禁止 区分exhibit n/vt.展览品;展出,展示 同根exhibition n.展览会 ² previous adj.先前的=former 区分precious adj.珍贵的=valuable ² result n/vi.结果;产生 as a result结果 as a result of由于...的结果 result in=give rise to=bring about导致,引起 result from由...引起 [e.g.Their achievement result from nothing but their efforts.他们的成功完全来自于自己的努力] 类似consequence n.结果,后果 同根consequence adj.相应的 ² subject n.学科,科目,主题,题材 ² →discipline n/vt.纪律;训练 be subject to=suffer from遭受 同根subjective adj.主观的 区分object v/n.反对;宗旨,物体 object to doing sth=be opposed to doing反对 同根objective adj/n.客观的,如实的;目标 n.目标→aim,purpose=goal=target=intention 同根objection n.异议,反对意见 区分inject vt.注射 区分reject vt.拒绝 区分project n.计划,方案,工程,课题 ² affect vt.影响,使感动 同根affection n.喜爱,慈爱 区分effect n.影响,结果,效力 in effect=in fact实际上 take effect生效=come into effect 同根effective adj.有效的,生效的 类似impact n/v.影响,作用;冲击,撞击 have a great impact on对...产生极大的影响 类似influence vt/n.影响 同根influential adj.有影响的 ² speak v.说,讲 speak highly of sb高度评价某人 speak ill of sb诋毁某人 ² proud adj.自豪的,骄傲的 be proud of以...为傲=take pride in ² part n/vi.部分,零件,地区;分开 take part in=participate in参加 类似role n.角色 play a part/role in在...中扮演角色(起作用) 同根partner n.同伴,合伙人 区分depart vi.离开,出发 depart from 同根department n.部门 departure from 同根departure n.离开,启程,出发,背离 区分apart adv.分开的 同根apartment n.公寓 ² act vi/n.行动,表演,扮演;行为,法令 区分exact adj.精确地,确切的 同根react vi.做出反应,起作用 react to对...的反应 reaction n.反应 reaction to对...反应 同根interact v.相互作用 同根active adj.积极地,主动地 同根activity n.活动 同根actor n.男演员 同根actress n.女演员 同根actual adj.事实上 同根action n.行动 take action/measures to do sth [e.g.Immediate action must be taken to reduce the losses caused by the typhoon.必须立即采取措施来减少台风带来的损失。] 类似measure v/n.测量 n.提案=bill v.be measured by sth以某物来衡量 同根measurable adj.可以测量的 ² come vi.来 同根outcome n.结果 同根income n.收入,所得,收益 同根newcomer n.新来的人 come across偶然遇到 come up with想出,找出 come out结果是 come over影响 come on快,加油 come from来自 come to总计,获得结论 come to oneself恢复知觉,苏醒 come to realize逐渐意识到 ² overlook vt.忽视,眺望,俯瞰 区分guilty adj.有罪的,内疚的 类似ignore vt.忽略,不顾 同根ignorance n.无知 同根ignorant adj.无知的 be ignorant of/that 类似neglect vt/n.疏忽,忽略 neglect one’s sleep and meal废寝忘食 同根negative adj.负面的,消极的 类似omit 省略,遗漏 区分negotiate v.谈判 区分skip v.跳绳,跳过,漏过 skip the breakfast不吃早饭 ² over overall adj.总的,包括一切的 overcome vt.克服 overflow vi/n.溢出 overhead adj/adv.在头顶上的,上面的 overnight adv.整个夜间 overtake vt.赶上,超过 ² assess vt.评估,评价 →evaluate assessment n.评估,评价 [e.g.They assess his house at 15000 yuan.他们给他房子的估价为15000元] 区分access n.接近,进入,利用 have/gain access to doing/n.可接近 have no access to do sth不能做某事 [e.g.In the old society,people from poor families had little access to education.在旧社会,穷人很少有机会受教育] 同根inaccessible adj.达不到的,不可接近的 ² suppose v.假定,猜想 be supposed to do sth期望/应该去做 be supposed to have done sth本期望/应该做,但是没做 =should have done ² direct vt/adj.指导,命令;笔直的,直接的 a direct train直达列车 direct sb to do sth指导某人做某事 direct sb to a place指导某人去某一个地方 同根direction n.方向,说明 同根indirect adj.间接地 →方向in all directions四面八方 in the direction of 朝...方向 give directions给予指引 →说明=instruction(s) follow the directions遵照说明 同根director n.主管,经理,导演 ² prefer vt.更喜爱 prefer sth to sth=prefer doing to doing =prefer to do rather than do sth ² add v.添加 add up to总计达 add to增加 add...to将...加在...上 同根addition n.加 in addition此外,而且 in addition to除...之外=besides 同根additional adj.附加的 ² hang v.悬挂 区分(过去式)hung hung悬挂 区分(过去式)hanged hanged吊死 hang up挂断 hang around/about徘徊,逗留 类似suspend v.悬挂,悬浮 ² refer vi.提到,参考 refer to提到,涉及到,指的是 同根reference n.参考,参阅 with reference to=about关于 ² run v.跑,竞选,运转,管理,经营 run into偶遇=run across;撞上;达到 run away逃跑 run after=be after,chase追赶 run for竞选 run over碾过 run though浏览 run out (of)用尽 in the long run从长期来看 in the short run从短期来看 on the run=on the going在奔忙之中 running water自来水 同根runner n.跑步者 ² firm adj/n.坚固的;商行 adj.坚固的→stable,steady firm believe坚定的信念 n.公司→company;corporate,factory,plant hold a firm belief that坚信...=firmly believe that... 区分confirm vt.证实,确认 confirmed adj.确定的,坚定地 confirm our reservations确认一下预定情况 ² satisfy vt.使满意,满足 be satisfied with=be pleased with=be contented with satisfy/meet one’s needs/demands 同根satisfaction n.满意,满足,快乐的事 同根satisfactory adj.令人满意的 sth is far from satisfactory远不尽如人意 类似content n/adj/v.目录,内容;满意的;使满足 to one’s heart content尽情的 ² drama n.剧本,戏剧 同根dramatic adj.令人印象深刻的 同根dramatically adv.=automatic自动的 ² industry n.工业,行业,勤劳 同根industrial adj.工业的,产业的 同根industrious=diligent勤奋的 同根industrialize vt/vi.使工业化 区分agriculture n.农业 同根agricultural adj.农业的 区分commerce n.商业,贸易 同根commercial adj/n.商业的,商务的;商业广告 同根commercialise v.商业化的 区分business n.生意,工作,公司,商店 on business因公出差 get down to business言归正传 none of your business不关你的事 同根busy adj.繁忙的 [e.g. Don’t disturb James,as he is busy practicing for the school concert.不要打扰James,他正忙于学校的音乐会。] ² attend v.出席,参加,护理 同根attentively聚精会神地 同根attention n.注意力 pay attention to doing draw/attract/catch one’s attention吸引某人注意力 ² deny vt.否认,拒绝→denial(n.) there is no denying that...不可否认的是 区分bury vt.掩埋→burial(n.) 区分memory n.记忆,回忆→memorial(n.) in memory of为了纪念 ² tempt vt.吸引 tempt sb to do sth 同根temptation n.诱惑 resist the temptation to do抵抗...的诱惑 同根tempting adj.诱人的=attractive 区分attempt vt/n.企图,尝试 attempt to do企图做... In an attempt to do sth试图做... ² try v.尝试,试验,试图,审讯,努力 try to do企图做attempt to do try doing尝试做 try out试用 try on试穿 have a try尝试一下 ² trade n/v/adj.贸易,商业;进行贸易,交换;贸易的 区分inherit vt.继承 同根inhabitant n.居民 区分settle v.定居,安顿下来,确定,解决 同根settler n.移居者 区分immigrate v.入境居住 同根immigrant n.移民 ² hit v/n.击,碰撞 区分beat v/n.打败,跳动;敲打,跳动 ² describe vt.描述,形容 同根description n.描写,叙述,形容 beyond description无法形容 区分absorb vt.吸收,理解 be absorbed in专心于 absorption n. ² assume vt.假定,承担 假设=suppose 承担=take on=undertake 同根assumption n. 区分consume vt.消耗,消费,耗尽 同根consumption n. consumption n.消费 同根consumer n.消费者,顾客 区分resume n.摘要,梗概 ² custom n.风俗习惯,惯例 同根customs n.海关 同根customer n.顾客 区分accustomed adj.适应了的 [e.g.We are not accustomed to seeing so many kinds of goods in the shop.商店里玲琅满目的商品,令我们眼花缭乱。] ² economy n.经济 同根economic adj.经济的 同根economical adj.节约的 ² history n.历史 同根historic adj.历史上意义重大的 historic invention历史性的发明 同根historical adj.历史的 historical novel历史小说 同根historian n.历史学家 类似classic adj/n.经典的,一流的;经典作品 区分classical adj.古典的 classical music古典乐 ² electric adj.电的 electric fan 同根electrical adj.电的,与电有关的 同根electrician n.电气专家 同根electricity n.电 区分electron n.电子 同根electronic adj.电子的 ² evident adj.明显的=apparent=observable] [e.g.It is evident that you are not telling me the truth.很明显,你没有说实话。] self-evident adj.不言自明的 同根evidence n.证据 类似obvious adj.显然的 类似apparent adj.显然的 类似clear adj/vt.清楚地,明朗的;清除,清扫 clear up澄清,天空放晴 ² deserve vt.应得,值得 deserve to be done=deserve doing值得去做 ² observe v.观察,注意到 同根observation n.观察,注意 区分reserve vt.保留,储备 reservoir 蓄水池 nature reserve自然保护区 区分preserve vt.保存,保留 区分serve v.服务,起作用,接待顾客 区分severe adj.严重的,严格的,严厉的 serve the people为人民服务 serve as=work as=act as担当 同根service n.服务,接待顾客 同根servant n.仆人,佣人 ² tense adj/n.紧张的,紧绷的;时态 同根tension n.紧绷,紧张 区分nerve n.神经,胆量,魄力 同根nervous adj.紧张的 区分serious adj.严重的,严肃的,当真的 同根severe adj.严重的,严格的,严厉的 ² plan vt/n.计划,打算 区分plane n.飞机 区分aeroplane n.飞机 区分planet n.行星 区分fight vt/vi/n.打仗,反对;战斗,打架 区分flight n.航班,飞行 ² place vt/n.放置,安置;地方,场所 place/put/lay emphasis on强调,着重 a place of interest名胜 take place of代替 in place of=instead of代替 take one’s place就职,就任 take place=occur=happen发生=hold举行 win the first place获得第一名 区分palace n.宫殿 The Summer Palace颐和园 区分plate n.盘子 区分plant n/v.植物,工厂;种植 工厂=works=factory 同根plantation n.植物园 ² associate vt.联系,联合 associate A with B be associated with 同根association n.联合,协会 类似union n.结合,联合,团结,工会 类似community n.社区,团体 同根communicate v.传达,传递 同根communist adj.共产主义的 ² breathe v.呼吸 同根breath n.呼吸 hold one’s breath控制呼吸 out of breath上气不接下气 区分bathe vi.洗澡,游泳 同根bath n.洗澡,浴室 同根bathing n.洗澡,游泳 同根bathroom n.浴室 同根sunbathe vi.日光浴 ² expand v.扩大,展开 同根expansion n. 区分extend v.延长,扩展 同根extension n.扩大的部分,电话的分机 同根extensive adj.广阔的,广泛的 =broad,wide 区分stretch v.舒展,伸直,伸出,拉直,铺开 stretch oneself舒展身体 区分extent n.广度,宽度,长度,范围,程度 to some/a certain extent某种程度上说=in a sense=in a way=to some degree some fifty大约五十个 to a great extent在很大程度上说 类似enlarge vt.扩大 enlarge one’s vocabulary扩大词汇=build up one’s word power 同根large adj.大的 区分length n.长度,一段 at length详细的,最终的 at large在逃的,逍遥法外的 ² sufficient adj.充足的,足够的 同根→反义词insufficient 区分enough adj.足够的 区分adequate adj.充足的,适当的 同根→反义词inadequate adj.不充分的,不适当的 区分slim adj.苗条的,不足的 slim chance机会少 ² practice n/v.练习,实践 同根practical adj.实践的,实际的=virtual 同根practically adv.实际上=actually=virtually 同根→impractical 不切实际的 practice law/medicine从事律师业,行医 Practice makes perfect熟能生巧 区分feasible adj.可行的,行得通的 区分principle n.原理,原则 同根principal adj/n.最重要的;为首的人,校长 类似virtual adj.实际上起作用的,虚拟的 ² noise n.噪音 make a noise 同根noisy adj.嘈杂的 区分voice n/vt.嗓音,表达;表达(人的声音) in a low voice低声的 区分sound v/n.发出声音;声音(自然界) sound sleep熟睡 →wide open/awake大开的,醒着的 ² desert n/vt.沙漠;离开,抛弃 n.沙漠→sands v.放弃→abandon,quit,give up v.开小差 类似abandon vt.放弃 区分dessert n.甜点 ² relieve vt.减轻,解脱,宽慰,救济 同根reliable adj.可靠地 同根relief n.减轻,解脱,宽慰,救济 to one’s relief/surprise/excitement/disappointment 令某人宽慰/惊讶/激动/失望 区分believe v.相信,认为 同根belief n.相信,信任,信仰 区分grief n.悲痛 同根grieve vt.悲伤 区分release vt.松开,排开,释放,发泄,解除 类似launch vt/n.发射,投射,开始从事 类似publish vt.出版,发行 同根public adj.公众的,公共的 同根publication n.出版,发行,出版物 类似issue n/v.问题;发行,出版 ² senior adj/n.年长的,地位较高的 区分junior adj/n.年幼的;年幼者 be senior to比...高级 be junior to比...低级 类似superior adj.上级的 区分inferior adj.低等的,下级的 be superior to be inferior to 区分supervise v.监督,管理 supervision n.监督,管理,指导 supervisor n.监督者 ² force n/vt.力量,势力,军队;迫使 force sb to sth be forced to do sth=be obliged to do sth with all one’s force用尽全力 force one’s way强行前进 同根forceful adj.强有力的 类似oblige vt.强迫,迫使 区分gravity n.重力,引力,严肃,严重 区分power n/vt.电力,能源;提供动力的 同根powerful adj.强有力的 同根powerless adj.无力量的,无能力的 区分strong adj.强壮的,强烈的,有力的,坚决的 同根strength n.力量,长处,强度 同根strengthen vt.加强,巩固 ² sad adj.伤心的,难过的,令人悲伤的 同根sadden vt.使悲伤,使伤心 类似deep adj.深的 同根deepen vt.加深 类似short adj/n.短小的东西,短裤 同根shorten vt. 同根shortage n.缺少 in short简而言之 类似wide adj.广泛的,普遍的,宽阔的 同根widen vt. 同根widely adv.广泛的,普遍的 同根widespread adj.分布,普遍的,广的 同根width n.宽度,阔度,宽阔 ² expense n.花费,费用 at the expense/cost of以...代价 同根expensive adj. ² regular adj.常规的,固定的,定时的 a regular consumer常客 on a regular basis定期的,经常的 同根irregular adj.不规则的 区分regulate v.管理 同根regulation n.规章,规则,规定,管理 ² convenient adj.方便的 If it is convenient to you/for you to do convenience n.方便,便利设施 类似direct→indirect间接地 complete→incomplete ² legal adj.法律上的 区分illegal adj.非法的 同根legality n.合法的 同根legalize v.使...合法 同根legislate v.制定法律 同根legislation n.制定法律,法律法规 类似law n.法律 同根lawyer n.律师 区分lawn n.草坪 类似grass n.草 ² assign vt.分配,布置,委派 assignment布置的任务,家庭作业 ² identify vt.认出,鉴定 identify...with...将...与...联系起来 同根identity n.身份=statues 同根identification n.识别,鉴定,身份证明 同根identical adj.一模一样 同根unidentified adj.未确认的 be identical with与...一致 区分statue n.雕塑 区分statues n.地位,身份,情形,状况 ² cost v/n.价钱,花费 at the cost of以...代价 [e.g.We can’t strive for success at the cost of our health.我们不能以牺牲健康为代价去追求成功。] at all costs=at any cost不惜一切代价 the cost of living生活费 同根costly adj.昂贵的 ² outline n/vt.外形,轮廓,提纲;概述 区分outlook n.观点,看法,景色,前景 a pleasant outlook怡人的景色 outlook on life人生观 world outlook世界观 ² special adj.特殊的 同根specialist n.专家=expert 同根specialize v.专攻 同根specialized adj.专门的 同根specialty n.特长 同根species n.种类 同根specific adj.明确的,特定的,具体的 类似definite adj.明确的,一定的 同根specify vt.详细说明 同根define vt.下定义,明确,规定 同根definition n.定义 be defined as...定义为 have a broad definition广泛的定义 ² concern vt/n.关心,忧虑 be concerned about/with关心;担心 as far as I am concerned=as far as I know据我所知 ² advantage n/vt.有利条件,优势;有利于 take advantage of=make use of利用 advantage over对...的优势 [e.g.His college education made him have an advantage over others when he looked of a job.当他找工作时,他的大学学历使他比别人更有优势。] 同根disadvantage n/vt.处于不利地位,条件 类似shortcomings n.缺点 同根shortcut n.捷径 同根shorten v.减少 同根shortly adv.立刻 同根shortage v.缺乏,短缺 ² leak vi/vt/n.渗漏,泄露消息;漏洞 同根leakage v.漏油 ² weak adj.虚弱的,薄弱的 同根weaken vt.变弱,削弱 助动词 will 将会 n.意志,意愿,遗嘱 would 将会 shall 将要 should 应该 ought to 应该 need 必须,必定 n.必需品 may 可以 might 可能,也许 must 必须 can 把,能够 n.罐头 could 能够 ² care n/v.关心,照顾 care to do愿意接触 care for对...负责 同根careful adj.小心的,仔细的=cautious be cautious about对...小心谨慎 同根careless adj.粗心的,疏忽的 ² dozen n.二十个 dozens of other families成千上万个家庭 类似multiple adj.多个 同根multiply v.乘,大量增加的 ² emerge vi.出现,浮现 同根emergence n.出现 同根emergency n.紧急情况,出诊 类似appear vi.出现,显得,好像 同根appearance n.出现,外貌(可数) 类似come up ² honour n/v.荣誉,名誉;尊敬的 in honour of以...名义 in memory of纪念... honour sb for doing sth由...给某人带来了荣誉 同根honourable adj.可敬的 ² trap n/vt.陷阱;设计陷阱 a death trap死亡陷阱 ² initiate vt.开始,始创 同根initial adj.开始的,最初的 同根initiative adj/n.自发的,初步的;倡议,主动性 [e.g.The organizations initiated a rescue program.这个组织发起了一个救援计划.] ² compare v.比较,对照 compare A with B将A和B进行比较 [e.g.Compared with other students,the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.同其他同学比较,这个女孩有更强的英语听写能力。] compare A to B将A比作B [e.g.We often compare children to flowers and teachers to gardeners.我们总是将孩子比作花朵,将老师比作园丁。] 同根comparative adj.相比较而言 同根comparison n.比较 同根comparatively adv.相当的 ² appreciate vt.感激,欣赏 appreciate sth感激某事 [e.g.He appreciated my help again and again with his eyes filled with tears.他热泪盈眶,一再对我的帮助表示感谢。] appreciate doing感激(某人)做了某事 [e.g.I appreciate your giving me this chance of an interview.十分感激你给我这次面试的机会。] I would appreciate it very much if you would/could...不甚感激... [e.g.I would appreciate it vry much if you could help me with my English.如果你帮我学习英语,我将不甚感激。] 同根appreciation n.感激,欣赏,鉴赏 区分appropriate adj.合适的,适当的 ² as conj/prep.当,随着,尽管,因为 as...as...同...一样 [e.g.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。= Asia is four times larger than Europe.=Asia is four times the size of Europe. just as正如 as for至于(句首) as to至于(句首),关于=about as if好像 [e.g.The sky looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来要下雨了。] ² shelter n/v.遮蔽物 同根sheltering n.掩藏 类似hide vt.隐藏 区分hire n/v.租用 类似rent n/v.租金;出租 ² reason n/v.理由,原因,理智,道理 同根reasonable adj.讲道理的,合理的 ² hard adj/adv.困难的,艰苦的,坚硬的 同根hardship n.艰苦,困难 同根hardworking adj.努力工作的,勤勉的 区分soon adv.不就 Hardly...when...=No sooner...than... [Hardly had I got home,when the telephone rang.我刚到家,电话就响了] ² corner n/vt.墙角;逼入困境 in every corner of每个角落 around the corner即将到来的=draw near=be approaching [The Spring Festival is just around the corner.] 区分angle n.角度 viewing angle视角 区分angel n.天使 ² declare vt.宣布,声明 同根declaration n.宣言 区分decline v/n.拒绝,下降,衰弱 →谢绝[e.g.He declined their invitation] →下降[e.g.decline from 4300 to 2200] ² date n/vt.约会;约会,注明日期 date back to=date from追溯到 out of date过期 同根up-to-date adj.现代化的,直到目前的 ² symbol n.象征,标志,符号 同根symbolize v.象征 区分sympathy n.同情 feel sympathy for sb对某人感到同情 同根sympathetic adj.同情的 区分symphony n.交响乐 区分symptom n.症状 区分synthetic adj.人造的,合成的 区分system n.系统,制度 ² sign n/vt.符号,标记;用手势表示 sign up for报名 sign language手语 同根signature n.签名 区分signal n/v.信号;发信号 区分significance n.重要性,重大 同根significant adj.有重大意义的 区分design vt/n.设计 区分resign vi.辞职 ² fear n/v.害怕,恐惧 for fear that...害怕... n.=a fear of doing sth v.=fear to do sth ² escape v/n.逃跑,逃脱 Sth escape sb某人忘记某事 escape prison逃过牢狱之灾 escape from prison越狱 escape one’s notice趁某人不注意 ² approach v/n.接近;入门,方法 approach to接近 同根approachable adj.可接近的,可利用的 ² isolate vt.隔离,孤立 isolate...from...将...从...中隔离 ² adopt vt.采纳,领养,采用 同根adoption n.采用,采纳,领养 adopt to采纳 [e.g.What effective measures did China adopt to counter the impact of the crisis?中国为应对这场危机的影响采取了什么有效措施?] 区分adapt v.适应,改编 同根adaption n.适应,改编 同根adaptable adj.适应性强的 [e.g.I suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions. 我认为他应该使自己适应新的情况。] ² inspire vt.鼓舞,激起 inspire sb to do 同根inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 ² queue n/vi.排队 wait in a long queue排长队 jump the queue插队 ² fortune n.财富,运气 make a fortune发财 同根fortunate adj.幸运的,侥幸的 同根unfortunate adj.不幸的,令人遗憾的 ² bother vt/vi.使烦恼;烦恼,担心,特意 同根bothersome adj.麻烦的 类似annoy vt.使恼怒,打扰 类似anger n/vt.怒气;发怒 同根angry adj.生气 be angry at/to do/that对...生气 [e.g.The couple was very angry at the tour guide because he kept asking them for tips.这对夫妇对导游十分生气,因为导游向他们索要小费。] ² enthusiasm n.热情 同根enthusiastic adj.满腔热情的 同根enthusiastically adv.充满热情的 类似passion n.热情,激情 区分passive adj.被动的,消极的 ² show v/n.出示,展示,显露;节目,表演 类似indicate vt.表面,象征symbolize 同根indication n.表面,象征symbol 同根indicative adj.显示的,象征的,表面的 同根indicator n.指示物 类似demonstrate vt/vi.论证,说明 类似imply vt.暗示 类似implication n.含义,暗示 类似illustrate vt.显示,说明 类似illustration n.插图,证明,说明 ² award vt/n.授予 award sb sth for=award sth to sb因某事授予某人奖项 [e.g.The winner was awarded the first prize for her picture.这个获胜者因为她的画而被授予一等奖] 区分reward n/vt.报答,奖赏 reward sb with sth for...因...将某物回报给某人 [e.g.The boy was rewarded with two chocolate for helping the strange travelers.那个男孩因为帮助了陌生的旅客而获得了两块巧克力的奖励] ² enroll vt/vi.入学,吸收成员 enroll in登记,注册 类似check v/n.核对,制止;支票 check in登记,报到,办理登记手续 check out结账离开 check into the hotel办理入住 pay by check/cheque用支票支付 同根checkout n.结账离开,付款台 类似register n/v.登记,注册 同根registered adj.注册的,报名的 同根registration n.注册,登记,挂号 ² switch n/vi.开关 switch into接入 ² plunge vi.纵深投入,陷入 plunge into跳入 ² fall vi/n.跌倒,落下;秋天 fall short不符合标准 fall into落入,分为 [e.g.The boy fell into water and had to be pulled out at once. 男孩掉入了水中,必须马上拉上来。] [e.g.These problems may fall into three classes.这些问题可以分成三类。] fall off跌落 fall on落在(某一天,某人) [e.g.It will fall on headmaster to make the decision.决定将会由校长来做。] fall ill/asleep生病,入睡 ² flexible adj.易弯曲的,灵活的,柔软的 同根flexibly adv.灵活的,有弹性的 同根flexibility n.适应性,灵活 flexibility of mind头脑灵活 区分feature vt/n.以为特征;特征 区分feasible adj.可行的,行得通的 ² blind adj/vt.失明的,盲目的;使失明,使盲目 be blind to对...视而不见 ² walk v/n.步行 walk up to朝某人径直走去 [e.g.He smiled and walked up to her] 同根sidewalk n.人行道 ² conduct v.进行,指挥,管理 →carry out=make=perform 同根conductor n.指导者 类似perform v.演出,进行 同根performance n.表演 ² wear v.穿着,戴着,磨损 wear a tired look/expression面带倦容 区分swear v.宣誓 ² reduce vt.减少,缩小,沦为 同根reduced adj.节能的→energy-efficient ² protect vt.保护 protect sth from sth使...免于... ² punish v.惩罚 punish sb for...因...而惩罚某人 同根punishment n.惩罚 区分fine n/v/adj.罚款;好的,精致的 be fined for因...而惩罚某人 [e.g.He was fined 200yuan for parking against the traffic rules.他因违章停车而被罚款200元] ² involve vt.涉及,包含 involve sb in doing/sth包括 all the people involved/concerned should be...所有涉及到的人 get sb involved in sth使某人参与某事 ² adjust v.调整,调节 同根adjustment n.调整,调节 ² random n/adj.任意行动;任意的 at random随意的 ² promote vt.提升,促进 promote oneself毛遂自荐 promote sb to do推荐某人 ² solve vt.解决 →sort out解决 同根solution n.解决方案 同根dissolve v.溶解,除去 区分resolve v.决定 同根resolution n.决心 类似sort n/vt.种类;分类 ² tear n/v.眼泪;流泪,撕开 be moved to tears被感动的落泪 ² efficient adj.效率高的,有能力的 同根efficiency n.效率 同根inefficient adj.低消率的 ² frequent adj.时常发生的,频繁的 同根frequently adv.频繁的 同根high-frequency adj.高效率的 同根frequency n.频繁 frequent visitor常客 ² view n/vt.观看,视力,景色;观察 v.→view...as...把...看作 n.→in one’s view依某人看来 in view of鉴于 区分review v/n.反向,倒退,颠倒 区分preview vt/n.预习,预演,试映 区分revise vt.复习,审核,回顾,检阅,评论 同根revision n.修订,校订,修复,复习 ² stay vi/n.保持,暂住;停止,逗留 stay up熬夜 stay connected/clean/health保持联络,干净,健康 ² shoe n.鞋子 in other people’s shoes在某人的立场上 ² any adj.任何的 anybody pron.任何人 anyhow adv. 不论如何 anymore adv.再也 anyone pron.任何人 anything pron.任何事 anyway adv.无论如何 anywhere adv.任何地方 ² convince vt.使确信,说服 convince sb of sth/that使某人确信 [e.g.What can I do to convince you of the truth.我如何才能让你相信这个事实。] convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 [e.g.She convinced him to apply to graduate school.她说服他向研究生院提出申请。] [e.g.I convince him not to gamble我劝说他不要去赌博。] →说服assure,persuade 同根persuasion n.说服 同根persuasive adj.有说服力的 区分conscience n.良心 [e.g.My conscience made me tell the truth.在良心的驱使下,我说了实话。] ² store vt/n.储存;商店 同根storage n.储藏 同根drugstore n.药店 同根storekeeper n.零售商 区分restore vt.恢复,修复 ² shallow adj.浅的 区分shadow n.影子 ² label n/vt.标签,标记 label...as...将...看作 类似tag n.标签,标牌 类似tip n/v.顶端,小费;给小费 ² grow vt/vi.成长,生长 grow up长大=bring up 同根grown-up n.成年人 同根growth n.成长,增长 ² guard n/vt.看守,守卫;守卫 同根guarantee n/vt.保证,担保 [e.g.To guarantee the travel starts as planned,travelers are required to apply for the visa on before one month.为了确保行程如期开始,要求旅客出发前一个月申请签证。] ² notice n/v.注意,关注,通知,引人注意 wait for a further notice另行通知 within short notice短期内通知 ² figure n/vt.数字,外形人影;计算,描绘 →计算calculate figure out理解,计算出 [e.g.I can not figure out why he quitted his job.我弄不明白他为什么辞职。] ² repeat vt.重复,复述,重演 同根repetition n.重复 同根repeated adj.重复再三的 ² make vt.做,使 make up构成,组成,化妆,整理=account for make up for补偿,弥补 [e.g.Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence.勤能补拙。] make out辨认出 make off匆忙离开 make for走向 make A into B=make B out of A将A制成B ² occasion n.场合 on...occasion在...场合下 同根occasional adj.偶尔的 同根occasionally adv.偶然的=sometimes ² stable adj.稳定的,稳固的 类似steady adj.稳定的 unsteady adj.不稳定的 ² conscious adj.意识到,神志清醒的 同根unconscious adj.失去知觉的,未意识到的 同根subconscious adj.潜意识的,意识不清的 ² bare n.赤裸的 同根barely n.几乎没有,仅仅 →rarely 类似rare adj.稀有的,难得的,罕见的 rare animal稀有动物 become extinct灭绝 类似extinct adj. 灭绝的 同根extinguisher n.灭火器 类似scarce adj.缺乏的,稀有的 同根scarcely adv.几乎不 ² instinct n.本能,天性 同根instinctive adj.本能的 区分institute n.学会,研究所 区分distinct adj.有区别的,不同的 区分extinct adj. 灭绝的 区分extinguish vt.熄灭 同根extinguisher n.灭火器 区分distinguish vt.区别,区分,辨别 同根distinguished adj.卓越的,杰出的 ² trick n/vt.诡计;欺诈 play a trick on sb捉弄某人=fool with 同根tricky adj.狡猾的 ² domestic adj.家庭的,驯养的,国内的 →国内的civil →家养的domestic animals家畜 同根domestically adv.国内的 ² peculiar adj.奇怪的,独特的 be peculiar to sth是...特有的 同根peculiarity n.特性 类似unique adj.独特的,唯一的 ² rich adj.丰富的 be rich in...富含... 同根enrich v.丰富 同根riches n.财富 ² urge vt.推进,催促 urge sb to do催出某人做某事 类似rush v/n.猛攻,冲,催促,繁忙 ² carry vt.携带,运送,刊载 carry out实施 carry on继续 be carried away浑然忘我 ² die vi/vt.死 die out 灭绝 die off相继灭亡 die away/down 渐息,渐弱 同根dying adj.奄奄一息的 同根dead adj.死亡的,死一般的 a dead trap死亡陷阱 同根death n.死亡 ² familiar adj.熟悉的,相似的 Sb be familiar with sth=Sth be familiar to sb某人对某事熟悉 [e.g.These stories are familiar to us.我们熟知那些故事。] 区分similar adj.相似的,类似的 A be similar to B in(...)(在某方面)与...相似=A and B are similar in... [e.g.Your ring is similar to mine.你的戒指和我的很像。] 同根similarity n.相似之处 同根similarly adv.类似地 ² lead vt/vi/n.为指路,领导;领导地位 lead to doing [e.g.Jealousy and anger usually lead to doing the wrong thing.嫉妒和愤怒通常会导致做错事情。] 同根leader n.领袖 同根leadership n.领导 ² trouble n/v.麻烦,困难;苦恼,烦恼 What troubles me is that...困扰我的是... When it comes to...当提到... 同根troublesome adj.令人讨厌的,令人烦恼的 ² share v/n.分享;分担 同根shared adj.共享的 share sth with sb将某物与某人共享 ² keep v.保持,保存,抚养 keep on doing继续做 keep...from doing阻止...做 keep sth from sb不让某人知道某事 keep up with跟上 keep away from...远离... keep off不接近,不接触 keep back抑制情感 keep sth up保持,继续 ² up adv.向上 It ‘s up to sb由某人决定 ² comfort vt/n.安慰,使舒适 同根discomfort n/v.不舒适的 同根comfortable adj.舒服的 同根uncomfortable adj.不适的 类似ease n.悠闲,容易 at ease舒适,安逸 同根easy adj.容易的 ² attach vt.连接,依附于 be attached to附属于 attach great importance to对...极为重视 区分attack vt/n.攻击,责难 ² purpose n.目的 for your purpose处于你的目的 on purpose故意的 ² aim vi/n.瞄准;目标 be aimed at旨在 ² while conj.当时候,尽管,然而 for a while=so far=since then=ever since=up till now=recently=lately =over the past few years+现在完成时 ² vary v.变化,不同,改变 同根varied adj.各式各样的 同根various adj.不同的,各式各样的,多方面的 同根variable adj.可变的 同根variety n.种类,变化,多样的 ² imitate vt.模仿 同根imitation n.模仿 ² alter v.改变 同根alternative adj/n.替代的;选择 have no alternative but to do只能做某事 类似change v/n.改变,变化;找零,零钱 ² route n/vt.路线,航线 类似path n.小路 区分routine n/adj.惯例 follow the routine墨守成规 ² remark vt/n.谈论,评论 同根remarkable adj.引人注意的,非凡的 类似comment n/v.评论 comment on=make a comment on评论 ² religion n.宗教 同根religious adj.宗教的,虔诚的 ² skill n.技术,技能,熟练 be skilled at擅长于=be good at doing 同根skillful adj.有技术的,熟练的 ² ceremony n.典礼 At...ceremony [e.g.Our headmaster rattled on for at least two hours at the opening ceremony. 我们的校长在开学典礼上唠唠叨叨地讲了至少两个小时。] ² credit n.信用,信誉 be credited with归因于=owing to...,... ² society n.社会 同根sociable adj.社交的,好交际的 同根social adj.社会的 同根sociably adv.和蔼的→kindly adj.和蔼的,亲切地 ² risk n/vt.冒风险 run/take the risk of冒着...的风险 at the risk of冒着...危险 同根risky adj.危险的 ² insult vt/n.侮辱,辱骂 区分consult vt.请教,查阅 同根consultation n.查阅,请教 have to consult his convenience(考虑到) have to consult a number of books(查阅) have to consult the manager about the matter(咨询) ² crucial adj.决定性的,关键的,至关重要的 类似important adj.重要的 类似top n/adj/vt.顶端;最重要的,最高的;在首位 类似vital adj.重要的,充满生机的,有生命的 类似critical adj.批评的,挑剔的,至关重要的,危急的 ² detective adj/n.侦探 同根detect v.发现,察觉 ² abnormal adj. 反常的,异常的 同根normal adj.正常的,正规的 ² exhaust vt.耗尽 类似drain n/v.排水沟;消耗,耗尽→use up be a great drain on极大的消耗了 同根exhausted adj.被消耗 同根exhausting adj.令人消耗尽了的 同根exhaustion n.耗尽 ² instance n.例子 类似example n.例子 for instance=for example ² end n/v.末端;结束,终止 v.→end up doing以...而告终 end up by doing以做某事而告终 end up with以...而告终 end in failure以失败而告终 n.→at the end of...在...的最后 by the end of...到...的最后 [e.g.By the end of next year,he will have finished interviewing 100famous people.到明年,他将会完成对100名名人的访问。] bring sth to an end=put an end to sth结束某事 without end无穷无尽的 make both ends meet收支相抵 end sth with sth/by doing以某事结束某事 区分endure vt/vi.持久,忍受,持续,忍耐 同根endurance n.持久力,耐力 ² desire vt/n.愿望;要求,请求 desire to do渴望做某事 desire sth渴望做某事=long to do sth=be eager to do 同根desirable adj.值得的 ² embarrass vt.使尴尬的 同根embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的 同根embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的 类似awkward adj.笨拙的,难用的,尴尬的 ² delight vt/n.高兴 to one’s delight/joy使某人高兴 同根delighted adj.感到高兴的 同根delighting adj.令人高兴的 类似joy n.高兴 类似glad adj.高兴的,乐意的 类似please adv/vt.愉快,高兴 同根pleased adj.感到高兴的 同根pleasant adj.使高兴,使满意 同根pleasure n.愉快,高兴 ² exist vi.存在 同根existence n.存在 come into existence=come into being成立 类似being n.存在,人,物 ² emotion n.感情,激动 同根emotional adj.激动地 区分motion n/v.动议,提议;做手势 ² infect vt/vi.传染,感染 be infected with被...传染 同根infection n.传染 同根infectious adj.传染的 ² safe adj.安全的,平安的,谨慎的 同根safety n.安全,平安 类似secure adj/vt.安全的,牢固的;安全,保安 同根security n.安全,平安,防护 ² shock n/vt.冲撞,休克,震动 be shocked at对...震惊 区分shoot v.射中,射死,发射 shoot at射中... ² turn v/n.转动,转向;轮流 turn around回头转身 turn away转过脸去 turn back往回走 turn up出现=appear turn in上交=hand in turn into变成,翻译translate [e.g.Only by striving can we turn our dreams into realities.只有通过努力奋斗,我们才能把理想化为现实。] turn on被开 turn off被关上 turn out生产,关掉,熄灭 turn over移交=transfer,仔细考虑,翻阅=look over turn to求助于,查阅,翻到 turn down调低,拒绝=decline in turn轮流 at the turn of the century在世纪之交 区分return v/n.返回,归还;放回 ² appetite n.食欲 have no appetite for sth对某物没胃口 ² spirit n.精神,灵魂,情绪,勇气 lift/raise one’s spirits振作精神 team spirit团队精神 同根spiritual adj.精神的=mental 类似soul n.灵魂,精神,幽灵 ² exploit vt.开发,利用,剥削 区分explore vt.探险,勘探,探索=discover 同根explorer n.探索者 同根exploration n.探索 ² impose vt/vi.强加于,征税,利用 同根imposing adj.壮观的,不凡的 类似great adj.伟大的,巨大的,崇高的 类似grand adj.宏伟的,庄重的,主要的 ² benefit v/n.得益;益处 同根beneficial adj.有益的 区分profit n/v.利润;获利 make a profit of(钱)赚(多少钱) 同根profitable adj.有利的 ² slip vi.滑跤,滑落 slip thorough one’s fingers从指间溜走 a slip of the tongue失言 [e.g.He didn't mean to hurt you, he only made a slip of the tongue. 他只是说走嘴了,根本没有想伤害你的意义。] 区分slide v/n.滑行,滑动;幻灯片 同根slippery adj.滑的 ² diploma n.文凭 区分diplomat n.外交家 同根diplomatic adj.外交的 ² bring vt.带来 bring about引起,导致 bring out显现出 bring in引进 bring up抚养长大 ² straight adj/adv.直接的,正直的,坦率的 straight away立刻immediate [e.g.I should go and see a doctor straight away.我应该立即去看医生。] ² comic n/adj.喜剧,连环画;喜剧演员 同根comedian n.喜剧演员 同根comedy n.喜剧 ² character n.性质,品质,文字,人物 Chinese character中国汉字 be characterized by...以...为特征 同根characteristic n/adj.特征;特有的=typical 同根characteristically adv.特有的 同根characterize vt.具有...特征的=feature=distinguish 同根characterized adj.以...为特点的 ² advance v/n.进步,前进 in advance预先(adv.) 同根advanced adj.先进的,高级的 同根advancement n.前进,进步 ² process vt/n.处理,加工;过程,步骤 同根unprocessed adj.未加工的 procedure n.程序 application procedure申请程序 区分proceed vi.继续进行 区分possess vt.占有,拥有 同根possession n.拥有,财产=fortune 同根possessor n.拥有者 ² oppose n/adj/adv.反对,反抗;对立面 oppose to反对=object to 同根opponent n.对手 ² confident adj.有信心的 同根confidence n.信心,信任 be confident of=have confidence in 类似faith n.信任,信心,信念 have faith in对...有信心 ² establish vt.建立,确立 establish oneself as...奠定...基础 lay a solid foundation to ² mind n/vt.理智;介意,反对,注意 on one’s mind在某人心中 make up one’s mind to do sth下定决心做某事 Sb have a sharp/quick mind聪明 bear in mind that牢记... out of mind/sight心不在焉,在视野之外 mind doing介意做某事 ² nature n.大自然 the nature of sth...的本质 同根natural adj.自然地 同根naturalist n.自然学家 区分nation n.国家,民族 同根nationality n.民族,国籍 同根native adj/n.土生土长的;本国人 ² postpone vt.推迟,延期 postpone doing推迟做某事=put off [e.g.I’m afraid we’ll have to postpone our meeting.] ² respond v.回答 同根response n.回答 同根respondent n.回答者,调查对象 ² gradual adj.渐渐地 a gradual change逐步的改变 gradually adv.逐渐地 区分graduate n/vi/vt.毕业生(可数);毕业 同根graduation n.毕业 ² digit n.数字 区分digital adj.数字的 digital camera数码照相机 区分camera n.照相机 区分cinema n.电影院 ² pack n/v.包;打包,挤满 [e.g.Tom refused to pack his belongings汤姆拒绝打包他的行李。] pack up sth整理=put sth in order=clear up 同根package n/vt.包裹;打包 ² double adj/vt/vi.加倍的,成为两倍 can be doubled加倍的 ² appeal vi/n.呼吁,上诉,吸引 appeal to呼吁... [e.g.The government appeals to everyone to save water政府呼吁所用公民节约用水。] 同根appealing adj.吸引人的 ² brief adj简言之 同根briefly adv.简略的 区分basically adv.主要的,基本的=on the whole 区分as a whole作为一个整体 区分basis n.基础 on the basis of以...为基础be based on [e.g.On the basis of those facts,we can reach the following conclusion.根据这些事实,我们可以得出以下这些结论。] 区分basin n.脸盆,盆地 ² whole adj/n.全部的;全部,整体 On the whole总体而言 类似entire adj.整个,全部 同根entirely adv.完全的 ² sponsor vt/n.主办,资助;主办方 [e.g.He would sponsor the young man to the Olympics.] 同根sponsored adj.赞助的 ² drown v.溺死 drown out溺死 [e.g.Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your inner.不要让其他人的观点盖过你的心声] ² claim vt/n.认领,声称,提出要求 claim to do/that... claim to be the owner声称是...的主人 区分calm adj/v.平静的,镇定的;平静,镇定 ² recommend vt.推荐,建议 同根recommendation n.推荐,介绍信 [e.g.Who recommend you to our company?] ² enhance vt.增强,提供 →提高increase,improve enhance one’s reputation提高声誉 →增强enrich 同根enhanced adj.提高的,增强的 ² ready adj.准备就绪的 同根readiness n.敏捷的,迅速的 be ready to do be/get ready for/to do为...做好准备 ² seek vt.寻找,寻求,探求[sought,sought] [e.g.Most men seek wealth.大多数人追寻财富。] [e.g.He sought to make peace.他企图讲和。] ² sum n/vt.总和;计算总数,总结 To sum up总之 同根summarize vt.概括,总结 [e.g.The authors summarize their views at the beginning of each passage.作者在文章一开头总结了他的观点 同根summary n.摘要 ² analyze vt.分析=study 同根analysis n.分析 区分emphasis n.强调,着重 put an emphasis on强调 同根emphasize v.强调,着重 类似underline vt.强调 ² draw vt/vi.拖拉,画,吸引,提取 drawing on源自于 be drawing near正在临近 [e.g.As the day passes by,the college entrance examination is drawing near.随着日子一天天的过去,高考正在逼近。] ² restrict vt.限制,约束 类似limit n/vt.限制,限度 区分strict adj.严格的,严密的,精确的 区分district n.区域,地区 ² substitute vt/n.代替;替代者,替代物 v.→substitute a ball for the toy train n.→Radio is a substitute for nespaper 类似replace vt.取代 区分instead adv.反而,作为替代 ² motivate vt.激发积极性 [e.g.The students need to be motivated.学生需要被鼓励。] 区分cultivate v.栽培,培养 类似stimulate vt.激励,刺激 区分estimate vt/n.估计,评价,判断 同根overestimate v.过高估计 同根underestimate v.低估 it’s estimated that据估计 at a rough estimate粗略估计 区分eliminate vt.消除,淘汰 ² select vt.选择,挑选 selective adj.可选择的,精挑细选的=alternative ² boast v/n.吹嘘 boast about/of/that sth 区分coast n.海岸 区分roast v.烤,烘 ² accept v.接受,认可 take/accept/follow one’s advice be admitted to/into=be accepted by被...录取 同根acceptable adj.可接受的 unacceptable adj.不可接受的 类似recognize vt.认出 be recognized as...被认为是=be regarded as... 同根recognition n.承认,许可=admission 类似confess vt.承认,坦白 confession n.承认,坦白 区分confuse vt.使混乱,使困惑 confuse A with B将A与B混淆 同根confused adj.困惑的 同根confusing adj.令人困惑的 同根confusion n.混乱,困惑 lead to confusion导致混乱 in confusion困惑地 ² broad adj.广泛的,广阔的 区分abroad adv.在国外 go abroad出国 区分board n.版,船舷,董事会 区分aboard adv.在船上,登记 ² pollute v.污染,弄脏 同根pollution n.污染 同根antipollution n.防止污染的 ² rise n/vi.升起,上升,上涨,起立 同根sunrise n.日落 区分arise vi.起立,上升,发生 区分raise vt.举起,升高,种植,喂养,筹集 区分praise vt/n.赞扬,表扬 ² author n.作者 同根authority n.权威,当局 区分automatic adj.自动的,不自觉的 ² behave v.行为 behave oneself严守规矩 同根behaviour n.行为 ² bump vi.撞见 bump into撞见 ² chief adj/n.主要的;首领 the chief editor 主编 区分thief n.贼 ² accompany vt.陪伴 同根company n.公司,陪同 keep him company陪他 ² comprehension n.理解,包含 同根comprehensive adj.广泛的,综合的 comprehensive school综合学校 ² debt n.欠款,债务 be in debt ² down adv.向下 be down with由于...病倒 区分download v/n.由于病倒 区分downstairs adv.往楼下 区分downtown adj/adv/n.商业区的 区分downwards adv.向下的 ² dress n/vt.连衣裙;穿衣 be dressed in身穿 ² entitle vt.给权利,给称号,提名 entitle to do sth有资格做某事 ² suit vt/n.合适;衣服 同根suitable adj.合适的 类似fit vt/vi/adj.合适,配合;适配;合适的 ² folk n/adj.人们;民间的 folk music民乐 区分fold vt.折叠 ² free adj/vt.免费的,自由的;自由,解放 Sb is freed被释放 同根freedom n.自由 ² get vt/vi.得到 get along进展 get along with与...相处,进行 get down to sth静下心来处理 get on上车(自行车,巴士) get off下车(自行车,巴士) get into上车(轿车) get out of下车(轿车) get over克服overcome [e.g.To tell you the truth,I really regret not helping him get over the difficulty.说实话,我真后悔没有帮他克服困难。] get through通过=go through=pass,完成 get to到达 get up起床,起立 get across越过 get along前进,和睦相处,进展 get together集合,集会 get rid of摆脱 have got有 ² goal n.目标,球门 区分goat n.山羊 ² head n/vt.头部;为首的,率领 →径直走去head for [e.g.In the winter I head for the mall.在冬日里,我前往这个购物商场。] head west向西进发 ² innovation n.改革,创新,新方法 同根innovate v.创新 ² major adj/n/vi.主要的;主修;主修学科 vi→major in English主修英语 n.→the English major英语专业 类似majority n.大多数 A majority of许多的=Masses of=A mess of The majority of绝大多数的=Most of 类似many adj.许多 类似much adj/adv.许多 类似mass n.大量,团 ² medicine n.医学 同根medical adj.医学的 区分mechanic n.技工 同根mechanical adj.机械的 ² name n/v.名字,名义 in the name of以...命名 be named after以...命名 同根namely adv.那就是 ² popular adj.大众的,流行的,广受欢迎的 同根population n.人口 [e.g.China has a population of 1.4 billion.中国有14亿人。 =The population of China is 1.4 billion.] ² purse n.钱包 区分pursue vt.追逐,追捕,继续 ² regard vt/n.看待,对待;尊重 my best regards我最好的问候 同根regardless adj.毫不在意的,毫不顾忌的 同根regarding prep.关于 ² move v/n.移动,搬家,搬迁,感人 同根movement n.运动,活动 同根remove vt.移开,除去,去掉 ² search n/v.搜索,追求,探求,细查 search for=look for寻找 in search of追寻 ² simple adj.简单的,朴素的 同根simplify vt.简化 同根simply adv.仅仅,简单的 ² spoil v.损害,糟蹋,宠坏,变质 spoiled children被宠坏的小孩 ² spring v/n.生长,涌现;春天 spring up涌现 ² station v/n.驻扎;车站 区分stationery n.文具 ² trace n/vt.痕迹,踪迹,小路 trace sth back to the 15th century追溯回15世纪 区分track n.痕迹,踪迹,小路,田径运动 ² universal adj.普遍的,世界的 同根universe n.宇宙,世界 区分university n.大学 ² vacation n.休假,假日 区分vocation n.职业,才能,行业 ² wake v.醒来,唤醒 同根waken v.醒来,唤醒 类似awake adj/v.醒着的;醒来 keep sb awake让某人保持清醒 同根awaken v.醒来 ² absence n.缺席 同根absent adj.缺席的 be absent from不在...,缺席... [e.g.I heard that he was absent from work yesterday because he was in low spirits.听说他闹情绪,没有来上班。] ² but conj/prep.但是;除了 not...but...不是...而是... not only...but also...不仅...而且... can do nothing but do=can’t do anything but do什么都不能做,除了... do nothing but do除了...什么也不做 have nothing to do but do除了...没什么要做的 but for要不是 [e.g.Not just for some of us, but for all of us.这不只是对我们中一部分人的要求,而是对我们所有人。] anything but根本不 [e.g.He was too tired to do anything but lie around or go to the gym.在周末,他太累了,任何事情都不能做,而只是躺着或去健身房。] nothing but只有,只不过 ² cut v/n.切,割;裂口 cut down砍伐 cut down on削减 [e.g.I haven’t stopped drinking,but at least I’ve been trying to cut it down.虽然我没有戒酒,但是至少我已经尽量少喝一点了。] cut in插嘴 cut off切断 ² day n.天,日子 to this day至今 one day一天 some day未来的某一天 the other day前几天 these days近来 the day before前一天 the day before yesterday前天 the day after tomorrow后天 all day(long)一整天 day after day日复一日 day by day一天天的 day and night夜以继日 同根daylight n.日光 同根daytime n/adj.白天 ² ever adv.任何时候 than ever比以往任何时候都更加... hardly ever几乎从不 [e.g.He hardly ever passes physics exams.他几乎从来没有通过物理考试。] never ever=never从不 [e.g.I will never ever do chemistry homework again.我绝不会再化学作业了。] ² exercise n/vt.行使,履行,训练 do/take physical exercise参加体育锻炼 do physics exercises做物理题 ² far adj/adv.远的 →farther farthest距离远 →further furthest程度深 as far as远达,一样远 by far远为(比较级,最高级之前) so far到目前为止(完成时的标志) carry... too far使...太过分 faraway adj.遥远的 far-reaching adj.深远的,广泛的 farseeing adj.有远见的 ² fare n.车费,船费 farewell adj/n.告别 ² finish v.完成,结束 finish off吃完喝完=eat up ² future n/adj.未来,将来 in the future在将来 in future=in near future在不久的将来 ² give v.给 give sth back to sb将某物归还给某人 give sth out分发,公布,用尽 give up放弃 [e.g.For lack of money,they had to give up developing the new software.由于缺少资金,他们不得不放弃开发这个新软件。] give away泄露=reveal give in (to...)屈服(于) give off放出 ² go v.去,走 go round/around参观,拜访,顺便走访=visit,足够分发 [e.g.I’d rather buy more apples,or it will be awkward if I haven’t got enough to go around.我宁愿多买一些苹果,不然不够分是很尴尬的。] go across过马路=cross go after追赶,追求 go back to追溯到 [e.g.I now look forward to going back to work as soon as possible. 我现在盼望尽快回到工作中。] go bad变质 go/pass by流逝 [e.g.Three years went by quickly before I know it.不知不觉中,三年很快过去。] go up to走上前去 go up上升 go down下去,下沉 go on继续 go on doing sth继续做某事 go on to do sth继续去做另一件事情 go out熄灭 go over复习,走到一边,检查=check out go through仔细检查,经历,通过 go through with完成 go with与...相匹配=match [e.g.Happiness does not necessarily go with money.有钱不一定幸福。] go wrong发生故障,弄错 ² hand vt/n.递给;手 hand in上交 hand out分发 hand down传下去;宣传=announce hand over移交=transfer=turn over hand sb st=hand sth to sb将某物递给某人 hand...on to...将...传给后世 clap one’s hand拍手 类似applaud vi/vt.鼓掌 同根applause n.鼓掌,喝彩 hand in hand手拉手 put up/raise one’s hand举手 give/lead sb a hand帮助某人 on one hand/on the other hand 一方面/另一方面 by hand用手 at hand在附近=around the corner second-hand二手的;second hand秒针;hour hand 时针 ² happen vi.发生=take place=occur happen to do碰巧做某事 sth happen to sb某事将发生在某人身上 [e.g.It seems that something unexpected happen to their family.看来他们家似乎发生了一些出人意料的事情。] It happens that...=Sth/sb happen to do碰巧 [e.g.It happened that they were out when we called.我们打电话去的时候,他们碰巧不在。=They happened to be out when we called.] There happens to be...碰巧有... 【e.g.There happens to be some medicine for stomachache in the bottle.那只瓶子里正好有一些治胃痛的药。] 类似occur vi.发生,被想起 sth occurs to sb It occurs to sb that+句子=It struck sb that 类似strike v/n.敲击,打击,罢工 be on strike正在罢工中的 ge on strike开始罢工 ² help v/n.帮助;帮助,助手 help sb (to) do sth=help sb with sth can’t help doing情不自禁去做某事 can’t help to do不能帮助做某事 cannot help but do=cannot choose but do=cannot but do =have no choice but to do=nave nothing to do but do sth只能做某事,不得不做某事 类似choice n.选择 同根choose v.选择,挑选 ² hold vt/vi.握住,抓住,坚持 hold back阻止,抑制 hold out提供 hold on坚持住,别挂断 hold up举起,阻碍,使停顿 hold that...持有...的观点 catch/get/seize/take hold of...抓住 ² if conj.如果 only if只有 if only要是...就好了 [e.g.Only if you seize every chance can you succeed.只有抓住每一个机会,你才能成功。] [e.g.If only I hadn’t lost my passport.要是我没有掉了我的护照就好了。] ² judge n/v.法官;审判 judging from...从...判断 judging ...by...根据...判断... [e.g.Judging from your school report,all your teachers are quite satisfied with you.从你的成绩单来看,所有老师对你十分满意。] [e.g.We can judge a person’s character by his handwriting.我们可以从一个人的字迹判断他的个性。] 类似judgment n.判断 ² keep v.保持 keep sb informed of sth了解 keep sb supplied with提供 keep doing sth连续不断的做某事 keep...from防止=prevent...from keep to sth遵守,坚持 keep up with跟上(某人,潮流) keep(...)away from远离 keep(...)off不接近,不接触 [e.g.Please keep your hands off the exhibits while visiting the museum.参观博物馆时请勿触摸展品。] 同根keeper n.看守人 ² know v.知道,理解,认出 know about了解 →known be known to sb被...熟知 make sth known to the public将某物公之于众 the best known sth最著名的... be not knowing what to do不知所措 同根knowledge n.知识,知晓,渊博 a knowledge of......的知识 knowledge is the power知识就是力量 同根knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的 ² knock v/n.敲击,碰撞 knock down撞击,击倒strike knock over打翻 knock at/on the door敲门 ² lack n/vt.缺乏,没有 n.→lack of缺乏 [e.g.Lack of good education made him miss the job.缺乏良好的教育使他与这份工作失之交臂。] for lack of由于缺乏... [e.g.The building of the subway has to be put off for lack of funds and labor.由于缺乏资金和劳动力,地铁不得不推迟修建。] v.→lack sth=be lacking in sth缺乏某物 ² let vt/vi.允许,出租 let...do让...做 let sb down让某人失望 let out释放,放出,发出,泄露=reveal 同根outlet n.出口,发泄 ² live vi/vt/adj.生活,居住,经历;活的 同根life n.生活,生命 live/lead a ... life过着...生活 all one’s life一生 the rest of one’s life余生 come to life苏醒 bring...to life使...苏醒 early/late in life早年时;晚年时 bring new life to给...注入新生命 take one’s life杀死某人 give one’s life献出生命 同根lifetime n.一生 同根lifelong adj.一生的 同根lively adj.充满活力的 区分liver n.肝脏 ² light adj/n/vt.轻的;光;点燃 in new light以新观点 come to light暴露,显露,被发现 bring... to light将...曝光 throw light on/upon理出头绪 light up容光焕发 同根lightning adj/n.闪电般的;闪电 ² lock vt/vi/n.锁上;锁 lock up把...锁起来 under lock and key锁上的 同根unlock v.开锁 同根unlocked adj.未上锁的 ² manner n.方式,态度 It is good/bad manners to do sth做某事有/无礼貌 table manners餐桌礼仪 in a...manner以...方式 ² moment n.片刻,瞬间 The moment...一...就... [e.g.The moment you see Limyoona,you’ll know how beautiful she is.你一看到林允儿,你就会知道她有多漂亮。] at any moment随时=at any time at the moment在当时 for a moment片刻 for the moment目前,暂时=for the time being in a moment立刻=at once=right now ² now adv.现在 now that既然 [e.g.Now that you have made such a serious mistake,it’s no use finding excuses.犯了这么严重的错误,你再狡辩也无济于事。] up to now至今 [e.g.Samsung has held the largest share of the smart phone market up to now.目前三星占据着智能手机市场的最大份额。] from now on从今往后(一般将来时比较多) now and then有时sometimes ² nowadays adv.现在 ² nowhere adv.任何地方都不 ² pay vt/vi.支付,付款 pay(a high/heavy price)for...付出(高昂的)代价 pay back偿还 pay off还清 pay in advance预付 raise one’s pay给某人加薪 同根lrepay v.偿还 同根lunpaid adj.未付款的 ² sake n.缘故,利益 for one’s own sake为了自己的利益 for the sake of...=for ...’s sake为了...的缘故 [e.g.He broke his promise for his own sake.他为了自己的利益出尔反尔。 [e.g.For the sake of safety,please fasten your seat belt.为了安全起见,请系上安全带。] ² sale n.出售 on sale出售,促销 for sale有待销售 [e.g.Galaxy S7 will be on sale next month,so Galaxy S6 is on sale now.三星S7将会在下个月销售,所以S6正在促销中。] [e.g.I’m sorry Galaxy S7 is for sale now.抱歉,S7还未销售。] 同根salesman n.推销员 ² see v.看见,观看,领会,理解 see...off为...送行 see...through看穿 see to照顾,留意 [e.g.Do you know who will see to the arrangements for the next class morning.你知道谁负责下次的班会吗? [e.g.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。] ² seem vi.似乎,好像 It never seemed to be enough.永远不够 ² set v.放置,安装,设置 set about doing=set out to do sth着手做... set off/out出发动身 set up建立 set aside留出,放在一边=put apart a set of一套 类似start v/n.惊起,出发,开始=begin v.开始 beginning n.开端 start/begin to do/doing 类似leave v/n.离开,留给,遗忘;假期 v.→leave for=start for=set out for动身,前往,出发 leave sb to do sth=leave it to sb to do sth委托某人做某事 leave...behind丢下某人不管 leave...to sb将...留给某人 n.→ask for a leave请假 on leave休假中的 ² scene n.景色,地点 on the scene/spot在现场 spot n.=point点 v.发现 同根come to the scene来到现场 同根scenic adj.风景优美的 同根scenery n.风景 类似view n/vt.观看,视力,景色;观察 类似sight n.视力,看见,景象 at first sight乍一看 at the sight of一看见... come into sight/view进入视野 be in sight/view看得见,临近 go out of sight=disappear from sight/view从视野中消失 be out of sight看不见 common sight常见的景观 同根insight n.洞察力 同根eyesight n.视力 同根shortsighted adj.近视的 类似sightseeing n.观光,浏览 go sightseeing去观光 类似landscape n.风景画 类似vision n.视力,幻觉,看法 同根visible adj.看得见的 区分slight adj.少量的,轻微的,不足道的 ² eye n.眼睛,眉毛,注意 catch one’s eye引人注意的 have good/weak eyes视力好/差 turn a blind eye to对...视而不见 look sb in the eye正视某人 have a good eye for对...有眼光 an eye for an eye以牙还牙 同根eyebrow n.眉毛 ² before prep/conj.在之前 同根as before像以前一样 同根than before比以前更... It will be some time before(句子(一般现在时)) [e.g.It won’t be long before the historical novel is published.再过不久,这本历史小说将会被出版。] It seemed/was some time before(句子(一般过去时)) [e.g.It was many years before the secret was finally revealed.过了许多年,这个秘密才被揭露。] It is/has been some time since(句子(现在完成时)) since prep/conj.从以来,以后;因为,既然 ever since从...至今 ² sorrow n.悲痛,哀伤 to one’s sorrow令某人心痛的是 joys and sorrows=happiness and sadness悲欢,甘苦 区分narrow adj/vt.狭窄的;变狭窄 ² spare adj/v.多余的,空闲的;节约 in one’ spare time在某人业余时间 spare no effort to do sth=try one’s best to do sth不遗余力(无“s”) effort n.努力 make an effort/efforts to do sth尽全力 =try to do sth=take pains to do sth =do/try one’s best to do sth ² stand v/n.站立,坚持,容忍;售票处,看台 stand out突出,引人注意 stand for代表=represent stand by袖手旁观 [e.g.This does not mean we should stand by in silence. 这不是意味我们就应该保持沉默,坐视不管。] 同根standard n.标准,水平,规范 区分strand v.搁浅,处于困境 ² take vt.拿,取,带领 take in吸收;体会,理解;欺骗 take on呈现;承担;雇佣 take off脱下,起飞 take to doing开始喜欢;开始从事 take up占据;继续从事 take up for支持favour take over接管,掌管 take after长得像 take away拿走,带走 take down写下,记下,拆毁 take out取出,出发 take a break/rest休息一下 take the exams take measures take physical exercise take medicine吃药 take sb as an example ² terror n.恐怖 同根terrify v.使恐怖 同根terrified adj.感到恐惧的 同根terrifying adj.令人恐惧的 类似terrific adj.可怕的,吓人的,极度的 类似terrible adj.糟糕的,可怕的 同根terribly adv.可怕的,非常 区分territory n.领土,版图,领地,地区 ² think v.认为 think over仔细考虑 think about考虑 think of想到,想起,考虑,为...着想 think hard苦思冥想 同根thought v/n.think过去式;思想,思考 同根unthinkable adj.无法想象的 ² usual adj.通常的 as usual像往常一样 than usual比往常更... 同根unusual adj.不寻常的 ² way n.道路,方法,路线 By the way顺便说一下 by way of经由... under way在进行中的 in the way挡道,妨碍 in a way在某种程度上=to some extent in every way在各方面=on all sides in no way不可能=out of the question give way to...让路 make one’s way前进 all the way一路上,大老远 the other way around相反的 ² year n.年 for years多年 all the year round一年到头 year after year年复一年 year by year一年年的 同根yearly adj/adv/n.每年的;每年;年刊 类似annual adj/n.每年的;年刊查看更多