【英语】2018届二轮复习　主谓一致（有解析）学案（10页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习　主谓一致（有解析）学案（10页）

‎2018届二轮复习　主谓一致 ‎(一)就近一致原则 ‎1．由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.‎ ‎2．here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.‎ ‎(二)意义一致原则 ‎1．谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ‎(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Politics is his favorite subject.‎ ‎(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。‎ Do you know when the United Nations was set up?‎ ‎2．谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The police are searching for the murderer.‎ ‎3．谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ‎(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.‎ ‎(2)“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The poor were looked down upon in the old days.‎ ‎(三)语法一致原则 ‎1．由and连接的两个名词作主语 ‎(1)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份，谓语动词用单数。‎ The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.‎ ‎(2)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。‎ The teacher and the poet have just arrived.‎ ‎(3)“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.‎ ‎(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品，如：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Bread and butter is not to his taste.‎ ‎2．表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Is fifty pounds enough?‎ ‎3．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Twothirds of the books are about science.‎ Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.‎ 核心考点针对练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2017·内蒙古兴安盟一模) in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly.‎ ‎2．(2017·天津河东区二模)It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.‎ ‎3．(2017·天津十二区县二次联考)So buried (be)she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside.‎ ‎4．(2017·江西红色七校一联)It was consistent love and kindness won a lifelong friendship.‎ ‎5．(2017·岳阳十四中模拟)It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.‎ ‎6．(2017·天津河西区二模) (get)to the top of the tower building，where you can see the whole city.‎ ‎7．(2017·南京扬子二中测试)The ground is wet all over，so I'm sure it must have rained last night， it?‎ ‎8．(2017·杭州一次质检)A child，if actively (engage)in classroom activities，can be taught many things.‎ ‎9．(2017·南京扬子二中测试)Mr.Mike didn't understand it was that made his wife so upset this morning.‎ ‎10．(2017·宿迁三校学情调研)－Was Bill，who ‎ played basketball very well， helped the blind man cross the road?‎ ‎－Yes，of course.He is always ready to help others.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．Only　[句意：只有用这种方法你才会知道如何安排你的时间，如何正确使用你的时间。“Only＋状语”置于句首时，后面的句子用部分倒装。]‎ ‎2．did　[句意：大雨下了一整夜，直到今天早晨才停了下来。not until...置于句首，后面的主谓语需用倒装形式，本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故设空处填did。]‎ ‎3．was　[句意：她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。so...that...句型中，将so...置于句首，后面的主谓语需部分倒装；根据题干中didn't可知设空处需用一般过去时，故答案为was。]‎ ‎4．that　[句意：是持续的爱和宽容赢得了终生的友谊。本题考查强调句型，被强调部分为consistent love and kindness，故答案为that。]‎ ‎5．that　[本句为强调句型，被强调部分为after Mrs.Dodd became an adult，故答案为that。]‎ ‎6．Get　[“ (get)to the top of the tower building”为祈使句，故设空处填Get。]‎ ‎7．didn't　[句意：地面都湿了，因此我确信昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？本题考查反意疑问句。“I'm sure＋从句”的反意疑问部分的动词形式需根据该从句谓语动词形式而定，因为it must have rained last night含明显的一般过去时的时间状语last night，故答案为didn't。]‎ ‎8．engaged　[句意：如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动，他能学会许多东西。本句考查省略句。将本句补全后为：A child，if he is actively engaged in classroom activities，can be taught many things.]‎ ‎9．what　[句意：迈克先生不明白是什么使得他妻子今天早晨如此不安。本句understand后的宾语从句为强调句型，改为普通句型为：Mr.Mike didn't understand what made his wife so upset this morning.]‎ ‎10．it；that　[句意：——比尔篮球打得非常好。是他帮助那个盲人过马路的吗？——是的，当然是。他总是乐意帮助别人。第一句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，即Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？]‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2017·成都二次诊断)It was just then when I began to worry about my safety.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．(2017·陕西全真模拟)In a word，success is important，and ‎ so does failure，because it's the mother of success.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．(2017·潍坊一模)My dear friends，don't afraid of problems，but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．(2017·长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．(2017·雅礼中学二次调研)That's all.Thank you.Some questions?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1．when→that　[句意：就在那时我开始担心我的安全了。本句为强调句型，被强调部分为just then，故将when改为that。]‎ ‎2．does→is　[句意：总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为失败乃成功之母。因为“success is important”的谓语部分含系动词be，故将does改为is。]‎ ‎3．don't后加be　[句意：我亲爱的朋友，不要害怕问题，而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳。“don't afraid of problems”为祈使句的否定形式，形容词afraid前需加上系动词be。]‎ ‎4．has→is　[句意：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查there be句型。没有there have/has句型。]‎ ‎5．Some→Any　[本句考查省略句。Some questions？补全后为：Do you have some questions？由此可见本句为一般疑问句，故将some改为any。some作“一些”讲时，常用在肯定句中，而any常用在疑问句中。]‎ 高考题型综合练 Ⅰ.语法填空 A beggar found a leather purse that someone 1 (drop)in the marketplace. 2 (open)it，he discovered that it contained 100 pieces of gold.Then he heard a merchant shouting，“A reward！A reward to the one who finds my leather purse！”‎ Being 3 honest man，the beggar came forward.He handed the purse to the merchant saying，“Here is your purse.May I have the reward now？”‎ ‎“Reward？”scoffed the merchant， 4 (greedy)counting his gold.“Why？The purse I dropped had 200 pieces of gold in it.You have already stolen 5 (much)than the reward！You are a thief.Go away quickly 6 I'll call the police.”‎ ‎“Please believe in my 7 (honest)，”said the beggar defiantly.“If not，let's take this matter to the court.”‎ In court the judge patiently listened to both 8 (side)of the story and said，“I believe you 9 ．Justice is possible！Merchant，you stated that the purse you lost contained 200 pieces of gold.But the purse this beggar found had only 100 pieces of gold. 10 ，it couldn't be the one you lost.”And，with that，the judge gave the purse and all the gold to the beggar.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文通过讲述一位乞丐捡到商人的钱包后所发生的一系列事情，阐述了要诚实做人的道理。‎ ‎1．had dropped　[考查动词的时态。根据常识可知，应该是钱包先掉在地上，然后才有人发现。句中find用了一般过去时，那么drop这一动作发生在过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。]‎ ‎2．Opening　[考查非谓语动词。所给动词open 和句子主语he之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。在本句中，Opening it作时间状语，相当于When he opened it。]‎ ‎3．an　[考查冠词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，如果空格出现在名词前面、系动词后面，很可能会填冠词。句中空格前面为Being，空格后面为单数名词，根据语境可知此处表示泛指概念，故应用不定冠词；又因为honest的发音以元音音素开头，故应用an。]‎ ‎4．greedily　[考查词性转换。句中counting为动词，应用副词修饰。所给单词greedy为形容词，表示“贪婪的”，以字母y结尾的形容词转化为副词时往往将y变为i再加ly。]‎ ‎5．more　[考查形容词比较级。要想正确解答此题，注意空格后面的than，因为than是要使用比较级的标志词，much的比较级是more。全句表示你偷的钱比酬金多。]‎ ‎6．or　[考查固定句型中的连词。“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”是一个固定句型，其中祈使句相当于条件句，后面的陈述句相当于主句。全句表示快滚开，否则我就要叫警察了，故填or。]‎ ‎7．honesty　[考查词性转换。对于该类语法填空题，如果空格出现在及物动词、介词以及物主代词后，极有可能填名词。文中所给单词honest为形容词，其名词形式为honesty。此处表示请相信我的诚实。]‎ ‎8．sides　[考查名词的单复数。解答此题的关键是空格前面的both“两者都”，由此可知，后面的名词应用复数形式。]‎ ‎9．both　[考查代词的指代。上文表示在法庭上，法官耐心地听取了双方的陈述。那么根据常识可知，此处表示我相信你们双方的话，故填both。]‎ ‎10．Therefore　[考查副词以及对上下文逻辑意义的理解。空格前面提到双方对钱包里面钱的金额的陈述不一致，后面提到乞丐捡到的钱包不可能是那位商人的，由此可看出空格前后之间为因果关系，故填Therefore。] ‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎ Great changes have been taken place since a new teaching ‎ approach is carried out in our school.In the past，our teachers almost took up all the time in class，writing on the blackboard，explain points and asking questions.Our students were just listening and busy making notes.And now，students take up most of the time in class，discussing questions，exchanging ideas，and solving problems，while teachers just give some advices.Meeting with problems，we turn the library or the Internet for help after asking teachers.I like a new teaching approach because it give me the chance to try different ways to find solutions.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ Great changes have taken place since a new teaching approach carried out in our school.In the past，our teachers almost took up all the time in class，writing on the blackboard， points and asking questions. students were just listening and busy making notes.‎ now，students take up most of the time in class，discussing questions，exchanging ideas，and solving problems，while teachers just give some .Meeting with problems，we turn the library or the Internet for help asking teachers.I like new teaching approach because it me the chance to try ‎ different ways to find solutions.‎