2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断—观点态度题考查解读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解中推理判断—观点态度题考查解读

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解中推理判断— 观点态度题考查解读 ‎【题型解读】‎ 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：‎ ‎1．What’s the writer’s attitude towards...?‎ ‎2．What is the author’s opinion on...?‎ ‎3．What does the author think about...?‎ 二、解题技巧——“忠于措辞”定选项 ‎1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。‎ ‎(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。‎ ‎(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。‎ ‎(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景 知识来进行合理的推断。‎ ‎(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。‎ ‎2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：‎ ‎(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 ‎ favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。‎ ‎(2)表示反对或否定的词语 critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。‎ ‎【课堂练习】‎ A Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs. She also has a 1reputation as a generous colleague. She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job. She has resigned because she refused to go on colluding(共谋) with the BBC’s dishonesty about its failure to give women and men equal pay ‎ for equal work.‎ Gracie was recruited to the job，because she had all the talent and skills the BBC needed to 10cover the difficult international and domestic story of the rise of China. One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBC’s other international editors，familiar names including Jon Sopel in Washington and Jeremy Bowen in the Middle East.‎ Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over ￡150,000.The results exposed an astonishing pay gap. They also showed Gracie that her employers had misled her.‎ Gracie sets out all her efforts to get her bosses to do what they had 8originally promised her，but they fail to respond adequately. Instead，they prevaricate(搪塞) and offer her a pay rise that still would not have delivered equality. They thought they could buy her off. They thought that the reputational hazard she was running would scare her away from the fight.‎ The BBC is wrong this time! Gracie has chosen to design rather than give in because she thinks that it is her responsibility to stop the BBC doing something stupid. She is fighting for women’s legal rights.‎ Gracie said she hoped she wouldn’t be remembered as the woman who complained about money，but as a great journalist. She is proving that they are two sides of the same invaluable coin.‎ Carrie Gracie’s 9dispute with the BBC isn’t about money—it’s about dignity!‎ 语篇解读　文章讲述了原BBC编辑嘉莉•格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。‎ ‎1．What do you know about Carrie Gracie?‎ A．She is very strict with her office colleagues.‎ B．She has a good command of China’s affairs.‎ C．She was working together with Jon Sopel.‎ D．She has a reputation of covering sports news.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Carrie Gracie is knowledgeable about China and its affairs.”可知，嘉莉•格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选B。‎ ‎2．What does Carrie Gracie demand of the BBC?‎ A．Equal pay for equal work.‎ B．Better pay for more work.‎ C．Apology for misconducts.‎ D．Response to her complaint.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One of the conditions she set for taking it was equal pay with the BBC’s other international editors”可知，她要求同工同酬，故选A。‎ ‎3．We can infer from the passage that the BBC .‎ A．didn’t promise Gracie equal pay with her male colleagues B．dismissed Carrie Gracie due to her demand for higher pay C．was forced to pay Gracie equal pay for doing the equal work D．kept the pay of its familiar names secret before last summer 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Last summer，the government forced the BBC to publish which of the familiar names on radio and TV earned over ￡150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前BBC一直对此保守秘密，故选D。‎ ‎4．What is the author’s attitude towards the BBC?‎ A．Positive. B．2Vague.‎ C．3Critical. D．Cautious.‎ 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。通过文章中作者对BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对BBC是持批评态度的，故选C。‎ B A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love(早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to 4depression.The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.‎ The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”．According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.‎ Dr. Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into 5romance too early. During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their ‎ friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.‎ Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young，but only 6maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.‎ 语篇解读　一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。‎ ‎5．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Romance is a two-edged sword for adults.‎ B．Parents should forbid their children’s love.‎ C．Romance is good for young people.‎ D．Puppy love may bring young people depression.‎ 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可能导致青少年抑郁。故选D。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is more likely to have depression?‎ A．Careless parents whose children are deep in love.‎ B．Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.‎ C．Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.‎ D．Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选C。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．The older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.‎ B．Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.‎ C．Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.‎ D．Parents should help their children to be aware of signs of depression.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side ‎ effects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选A。‎ ‎8．What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love?‎ A．Confused. B．Disapproving.‎ C．7Neutral. D．Scared.‎ 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression.”和第三段中的“Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选B。‎ ‎【提炼拓展】‎ Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破 ‎(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 ‎1．The man from a mountain village is honest，which has earned him a good reputation nearby.‎ 名声，名誉 ‎2．Julia was vague about where she had been and what she had been doing，which made us confused.模糊的 ‎3．He was a music critic. What I discovered was his critical writings.批判性的 ‎4．He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure to pass the examination.抑郁 ‎5．Love is when you take away the feeling，the passion，and the romance in a relationship and find out that you still care for that person.浪漫 ‎6．As an adult，you should show some maturity and be considerate of other gym members.成熟 ‎7．Power is not really good or bad；it is neutral.中立的 ‎(二)同义词语替换 ‎8．Originally，we had planned a tour of Scotland but we didn’t go in the end.‎ At first/In the beginning ‎9．I didn’t agree with the amount of money he gave me，so we had a dispute about how much money he owed me.an argument ‎(三)一词多义 ‎10．cover vt.包括；采访，报道；涉及；行走(一段路程)；足以支付；覆盖；n.封面，封皮；盖子 ‎(1)His finger went up to touch the black patch which covered his left eye.覆盖 ‎(2)It would not be easy to cover ten miles on that amount of petrol.行走(一段路程)‎ ‎(3)Send it to the address given with 2.50 to cover postage and ‎ administration.足以支付 ‎(4)I had just returned from covering the Cambodian war.采访，报道 ‎(5)The leather cover of the new dictionary was embellished with gold letters.封面，封皮 Ⅱ.长难句理解 ‎1．She has resigned from her job as China editor because her employers will not pay her at the same rate as they pay the handful of men who do a similarly challenging and important job.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话主干部分为主谓宾结构，because引导的是原因状语从句；as they pay the...为as引导的方式状语从句；who do a similarly...为who引导的定语从句。‎ ‎[精美译文]　她辞去了中国区编辑的职务，因为她的雇主没有付给她同那些和她做相似挑战性和重要性工作的男性同等的薪酬。‎ ‎2．A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.‎ ‎[句式分析]　本句话主干是主谓宾结构，可以简化为A new study shows that...。that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people是宾语从句，里面含有的although引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎[精美译文]　在《健康和社会行为》杂志中，一项对8 000名年轻人的研究表明恋爱虽然能使成年人健康快乐地生活，但是对青少年是有害的。‎ 强化训练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Emma Watson entered our lives as the perfect Hermione Granger in 2001，and 18 years later，we’re just as much in love with this charming，intelligent British girl，as ever. You may or may not be a Potterhead，but a lot of people are charmed by Emma Watson’s perfection.‎ Despite being a star performer at the young age of 11，she’s never gone the Hollywood spoiled child route. In fact，she made all attempts to stay as normal as possible. She said，“Ignoring fame was my rebellion，in a funny way. I was insistent on being normal and doing normal things. It probably wasn’t advisable to go to college in America and room with a complete stranger. And it probably wasn’t wise to share a bathroom with eight other people in a dormitory. Looking back，I think that was crazy.”‎ She added，“I was very well educated. My dad paid for me to go to a very good school，so I worked hard every single day at that ‎ school to make him proud of me. And I did，and I still do.”‎ If we had to imagine what Hermione Granger would have grown up to be like，we would say she’d be the Emma Watson of the Potter universe because there really is no way to separate the two.In the last few years，Emma has added more feathers to her cap than we imagined being humanly possible，which include actor，scholar，model and UN Women Goodwill Ambassador. In her role as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador，she’d supported powerful causes to the best of her ability and brought them all the attention they deserve.‎ Emma Watson gave us the most accurate description of our favorite girl from the Potter universe. “Young girls are told you have to be a delicate princess. Hermione taught them that you can be a warrior.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了艾玛•沃特森不平凡的人生。‎ ‎1．After Emma Watson became an actress，she .‎ A．followed most of the Hollywood child route B．had a preference for a normal life C．became rebellious in a funny way D．went to a good college instead 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Despite being a star performer at the young age of 11，she’s never gone the Hollywood spoiled child route. In fact，she made all attempts to stay as normal as possible.”可知，尽管年仅11岁就成了明星，艾玛•沃特森并未走上好莱坞被惯坏了的小孩的道路。事实上，她尽一切努力使自己尽可能保持“普通”。故选B。‎ ‎2．What does the author mean by “Emma has added more feathers to her cap” in Para.4?‎ A．Emma has earned more titles.‎ B．Emma wears a cap with feathers.‎ C．Emma is expert at designing caps.‎ D．Emma has been more absorbed in her job.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意猜测题。根据画线部分下文“...which include actor，scholar，model and UN Women Goodwill Ambassador.”可推断，在过去的几年中，艾玛所取得的引以为豪的成就比我们所能想象的还要多，她是演员、学者、模特，还是联合国妇女亲善大使。因此推断作者的意思是说艾玛拥有了更多的头衔。故选A。‎ ‎3．What can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Emma Watson：You Can Be the Best Actress B．Emma Watson：You Can Be a Warrior C．The Way to Be a Delicate Princess D．The Way to Be a Good Performer 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了英国演员艾玛•沃特森。尽管年仅11岁就成了明星，她并未走上好莱坞被惯坏了的小孩的道路，她非常努力，在过去的几年中，艾玛所取得的引以为豪的成就比我们所能想象的还要多，她是演员、学者、模特，还是联合国妇女亲善大使。她的经历告诉年轻女孩：你们也可以成为战士。故B项“艾玛•沃特森：你可以成为战士”为最佳标题。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．What’s the author’s attitude to Emma Watson?‎ A．Critical. B．Objective.‎ C．Cautious. D．Appreciative.‎ 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后两段内容可知，作者讲述了艾玛取得了引以为傲的成就，并竭尽全力支持那些有影响力的运动，她的经历告诉年轻女孩：你们也可以成为战士。因此推断作者对她是欣赏的。故选D。‎ B ‎ ‎ Next time you go shopping，keep in mind that there may be hidden cameras analyzing your habits. According to a 2015 survey of 150 managers from Computer Services Corporation，a ‎ quarter of British shops use facial recognition software to collect data on shoppers’ behavior.‎ With concerns that facerecognition cameras “are kind of invasive(冒犯的)”，British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall(客流)—by filming people’s shoes. The technology can collect a large amount of personal information.“We have cameras at about 50 cm off the ground and they point down so they are less invasive than facial recognition，” Duncan Mann，Hoxton’s officer said.‎ As modern cities get fuller—70 percent of the population will live in urban areas by 2050—cameras and other technologies are taking over public spaces and collecting our data. Their purpose is to keep people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.‎ But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned.“Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，” said Renate Samson.‎ We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up.When we enter the transport system，we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards，mobile phones or credit ‎ cards.‎ Nick Millman，director at a consulting firm thinks statistics are the key to the privacy concern. He used the example of Google Maps，which is to monitor the flow of traffic in Stockholm. He explained，“It is basically adding privacy controls to statistics so that you only see the data you need to know about. In this case，Google gets enough data to improve traffic but not so much that it shows individual journey patterns.”‎ 语篇解读　本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。‎ ‎5．What is the article mainly about?‎ A．An introduction to collecting shoppers’ data.‎ B．The concern about giving away personal data.‎ C．The problems caused by imbalanced distribution of population.‎ D．An invention recording and collecting customers’ information.‎ 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。根据第五段“We begin giving away data as soon as we wake up. When we enter the transport system，we are giving away even more details about ourselves through smart cards，mobile phones or credit ‎ cards.”可知，本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。故选B。‎ ‎6．The new technology invented by Hoxton Analytics .‎ A．can gather a lot of people’s personal data from their shoes B．uses cameras fitted on the ground to collect customers’ data C．has improved the accuracy of facial recognition software D．offers a perfect solution to customers’ privacy concerns 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...British analysis firm Hoxton Analytics has come up with a new way of measuring footfall (客流)—by filming people’s shoes.”可知，Hoxton Analytics公司提出了一种通过拍摄他们的鞋子来测量客流量的新方法。即：通过鞋子收集很多的个人数据。故选A。‎ ‎7．According to the author，cameras in modern cities .‎ A．cause a huge waste of public space B．help reduce the size of population in urban areas C．are likely to help improve traffic conditions D．are to avoid crimes and disasters and provide efficient services 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Their purpose is to keep ‎ people safe，provide efficient services and prevent disasters and crimes.”可知，现代城市中的摄像机能避免犯罪和灾害并提供有效的服务。故选D。‎ ‎8．What is Renate Samson’s attitude towards the rise of smart cities?‎ A．Worried. B．Optimistic.‎ C．Confused. D．Uninterested.‎ 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据第四段“But some are not happy with the cameras as far as their privacy(隐私) is concerned.‘Very few of us have any real concept of what data smart cities are gathering，’ said Renate Samson.”可知，Renate Samson的态度是“担忧的”，故选A。‎