2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使用正确的句子--运用八大词性和八大成分

2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使用正确的句子--运用八大词性和八大成分

‎2020届二轮复习 书面表达中如何使用正确的句子--运用八大词性和八大成分 初高中英语衔接之语法基础---句子成分 ‎ 句子成分 句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。‎ 一.主语 Subject 主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。‎ 请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。‎ Knowledge is power.‎ She is a small eater.‎ Three will be enough for us.‎ The injured _____ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .‎ To see ___ to believe.‎ ‎_____ (read) books is my hobby.‎ ‎_______ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.‎ 改错 ‎1. Visit a museum excites teenagers.‎ ‎2. Disabled should be respected.‎ ‎3. Our school has taken place great changes.‎ 二、谓语 Predicate 谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况 ‎1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。‎ Everything ____ (go) smoothly last month. ‎ Thousands of trees _______(plant) every year. ‎ They ______(finish) the work so far. ‎ They _________(swim) in the river now. ‎ ‎2.情态动词+动词 We must study English hard.‎ Water can be dangerous.‎ You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.‎ That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.‎ May I come in?‎ I may go with you, but I'm not sure She cried her eyes out. Something terrible must _____(happen).‎ The experiment can _________ (complete) on time.‎ ‎3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份 系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。‎ ‎(1)be动词类:am, is, are, was, were ‎(2)表示变化类: become, get, turn, grow, go ‎(3)感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel ‎(4)表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep 改错 We are student.‎ It sound beautiful.‎ The cloth feels smoothly.‎ The leaves turn into red in autumn.‎ 填词 ‎1.The noise ____ (grow) louder when I was prepared for sleep.‎ ‎2. A concert ________ to celebrate May Day next week.(hold)‎ ‎3. Several years ago a new gym ________for visitors to take exercise.(build)‎ ‎4. The students ________how to learn English well since they entered the new school (tell)‎ ‎5. He_________(会游泳) when he was five years old.‎ ‎6. In a plane, all passengers _________(必须穿) seat belts. ‎ ‎7. It can be cold in the mountain in winter.(be)‎ ‎8. She may accept the invitation, but she hasn't made up her mind. ‎ ‎9. It _________(不可能) a comfortable trip with so many people in such a small car. ‎ ‎10. He looks sad and he ________（肯定被告知）the death of his grandma. ‎ ‎11. What you said ____________________(听起来很有趣).‎ ‎12. What he suggested____________________ (听起来是个好主意).‎ ‎13. The food in my hometown____________________(尝起来很美味).‎ ‎14. The athlete on the start____________________(看起来很紧张).‎ ‎15. It was a hot summer afternoon. The milk____________________(变馊了).‎ 三.宾语 Object 宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种 ‎1.直接宾语 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短 语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.‎ ‎ 翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catch fire)‎ ‎2.你在哪买的那个？‎ ‎3.我们应该帮助穷人.‎ ‎4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，take one’s advice）‎ ‎5.请停止发出噪音。（make noise）‎ ‎6.你明白我意思是什么没？‎ ‎2.双宾语 ‎1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。 2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。‎ ‎3.复合宾语 划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？‎ The war made him a soldier. ( ________)‎ New machines make the job easy. ( ________)‎ They treated her as a child. ( ________)‎ Please help me to put these books in order. ( ________)‎ I saw a stranger waving to me. ( ________)‎ You should get the work done by tomorrow. ( ________) Note:有时在make, think, find ,feel, consider后用it充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当真正宾语的从句、不定式. They think it important to learn English well. We felt it a pity that he didn't show up at the meeting ‎. Exercise 6: Translate the Chinese into English. 1.I ______________________ when I entered it.(看见她正在打扫房间) 2. She was dreaming a day dream when she______________________(听见自己的名字被叫) 3. To her surprise, she______________________(发现自己来到了一个不同的世界) 4. People around the world______________________(认为微笑是友好的表示) 5. The students______________________(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的) 6. At first I ______________________(觉得理解他是困难的) 四、定语 Attributive 修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 1.前置定语 如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词 名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。‎ 划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。 The little boy needs a blue pen. ( ________) The boy needs a ball pen. ( ________) This is Tom' s father. ( ________)‎ Open your mouth. ( ________) Two boys need two pens. ( ________)‎ China is a developing country. ( ________)‎ The ground is covered with fallen leaves. ( ________)‎ ‎2.后置定语 如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。‎ I have something important to tell you. ( ________)‎ The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ________)‎ The book on the desk is mine. ( ________)‎ The boy to write this letter needs a pen. ( ________)‎ The man visiting your school is our headmaster. ( ________)‎ The problem solved yesterday was very important. ( ________)‎ He lost his new pen that was bought last week. ( ________)‎ Exercise7:翻译 ‎1. The man is a tennis player.‎ 那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎2. The book is well received among the students。‎ 那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ 五、状语 Adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如: Listen carefully! (但 often, usually, always, still, never, also, already, certainly, even, almost, quite等副词作状语时,要放在行为动词之前。如: He usually ‎ goes fishing on weekends. She seldom talks about her family in the dormitory. 修饰形容词的状语常放在它所修饰的词之前。如: If you say you are really sorry, I'll forgive you. 充当状语的可以是副词、短语及状语从句等,用于说明时间、地点、方式、程度、原因 目的结果、条件、让步及伴随情况等。如 The warn- hearted boy is well thought of by his classmates.(副词,表程度) People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.(介词短语,表方式) The doctors did everything they could to save the boy's life.(不定式短语,表目的) I don' t like to sit here doing nothing.(现在分词,表伴随) Moved by their speech, we were at a loss what to say.(过去分词,表原因) Come whenever you like.(状语从句,表时间) Exercise 9 :请将下列句子翻译成中文,并在状语下画线。 1.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 2. we're going to spend the holiday on the beach. 3. Please make a sentence using this phrase. 4. The boy needs a pen very much. 5. John was late because of the heavy snow. 6. The doctors tried their best to save the patient. 7. We'll have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 8. Although he is young, he knows a lot. 9. His parents lost their lives in the accident, leaving him homeless. 10. He sat there, reading a magazine.‎ 参考答案 初高中英语衔接之语法基础 句子成分 参考答案 ‎ 句子成分 句子由句子成分组成。句子成分主要分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。‎ 一.主语 Subject 主语是一个句子所要说明的人和物,是句子的主体。它一般位于句首,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词以及主语从句等来充当。‎ 请划出句子主语，并判断是什么成分做主语。‎ Knowledge is power.‎ She is a small eater.‎ Three will be enough for us.‎ The injured __were sent___ (send) to hospital at once when the accident happened .‎ The+形容词作主语谓语动词用复数 To see __is_ to believe.‎ ‎___Reading__ (read) books is my hobby.‎ ‎___what we need____ (我们所需要的东西) is your help.‎ 改错 ‎1. Visit a museum excites teenagers. Visit---- Visiting ‎2. Disabled should be respected. Disabled前加The ‎3. Our school has taken place great changes. ‎ 本句应该更改为 Great changes have taken place in our school.‎ 二、谓语 Predicate 谓语是用来说明主语的动作、状态或特征,一般放在主语之后。谓语有以下几种基本情况 ‎1.由一个动词或动词词组构成,无论这个动词是何种时态、语态和语气。‎ Everything ___went_ (go) smoothly last month. ‎ Thousands of trees ____are planted___(plant) every year. ‎ They ___have finished___(finish) the work so far. ‎ They ______are swimming___(swim) in the river now. ‎ ‎2.情态动词+动词 We must study English hard.‎ Water can be dangerous. (可能，理论上的可能性)‎ You can’t park here- it's a no parking area.‎ That can’t be Tom-he is studying abroad.‎ May I come in?‎ I may go with you, but I'm not sure She cried her eyes out. Something terrible must ___have happened__(happen).‎ Must have done是对过去所做事情的肯定推测，表示过去肯定做过某事，它的否定形式（过去肯定没有做某事）can’t have done /couldn’t have done The experiment can ____be completed_____ (complete) on time.‎ ‎3.连系动词+表语,说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份 系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词。‎ ‎(1)be动词类:am, is, are, was, were ‎(2)表示变化类: become, get, turn, grow, go ‎(3)感官动词类:look, sound, smell, taste, feel ‎(4)表示延续性的动词: remain, stay, keep 改错 We are student. Student----students It sound beautiful. Sound--------sounds The cloth feels smoothly. Smoothly---------smooth The leaves turn into red in autumn. Into去掉 此处直接用turn+颜色 就可以表示变成某种颜色 填词 ‎1.The noise _grew___ (grow) louder when I was prepared for sleep.‎ ‎2. A concert ___will be held_____ to celebrate May Day next week.(hold)‎ ‎3. Several years ago a new gym __was built______for visitors to take exercise.(build)‎ ‎4. The students __have been told______how to learn English well since they entered the new school (tell)‎ ‎5. He___could swim______(会游泳) when he was five years old.‎ ‎6. In a plane, all passengers ____have to wear_____(必须穿) seat belts. ‎ ‎7. It can be cold in the mountain in winter.(be) can此处表示推测，有可能。‎ ‎8. She may accept the invitation, but she hasn't made up her mind. ‎ ‎9. It ____can’t be_____(不可能) a comfortable trip with so many people in such a small car. ‎ ‎10. He looks sad and he __must have been told______（肯定被告知）the death of his grandma. ‎ ‎11. What you said ____sounds interesting________________(听起来很有趣).‎ ‎12. What he suggested____sounds like a good idea________________ (听起来是个好主意).‎ ‎13. The food in my hometown____tastes delicious________________(尝起来很美味).‎ ‎14. The athlete on the start___looks nervous_________________(看起来很紧张).‎ ‎15. It was a hot summer afternoon. The milk____went bad________________(变馊了).‎ 三.宾语 Object 宾语是谓语动词所表示的动作所及的对象,一般位于谓语之后。宾语有以下几种 ‎1.直接宾语 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象。可以作直接宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动名词短 语、不定式短语、名词化的形容词和从句.‎ ‎ 翻译：1.纸很容易着火。(catch fire) The paper catches fire easily.‎ ‎2.你在哪买的那个？ Where did you buy that?‎ ‎3.我们应该帮助穷人. We should help the poor.‎ ‎4.他最后决定听取我的建议。（decide，take one’s advice） He decided to take my advice.‎ ‎5.请停止发出噪音。（make noise）Please stop making noise.‎ ‎6.你明白我意思是什么没？ Do you understand what I mean?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.双宾语 ‎1.舅舅送了我一件很好的礼物。 My uncle sent me a very special present. 2.他的外公给他做了一个风筝。 His grandpa made him a kite.‎ ‎ 3.复合宾语 划出宾语和宾语补足语，什么做宾补？‎ The war made him a soldier. ( ___名词作宾语补足语__)‎ New machines make the job easy. ( ___形容词作宾语补足语)‎ They treated her as a child. ( ____介词作宾语补足语____)‎ Please help me to put these books in order. ( ___不定式作宾语补足语_____)‎ I saw a stranger waving to me. ( __现在分词_作宾语补足语_____)‎ You should get the work done by tomorrow. ( __过去分词_作宾语补足语_____) Note:有时在make, think, find ‎ ‎,feel, consider后用it充当形式宾语,后接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,再后接充当真正宾语的从句、不定式. They think it important to learn English well. We felt it a pity that he didn't show up at the meeting. Exercise 6: Translate the Chinese into English. 1.I _saw him cleaning the room________ when I entered it.(看见她正在打扫房间) 2. She was dreaming a day dream when she__heard her name called________(听见自己的名字被叫) 3. To her surprise, she___found herself in a different world__ (发现自己来到了一个不同的世界) 4. People around the world___regard smile as _a friendly expression____(认为微笑是友好的表示) 5. The students__believe it important to keep balance between study and life__(觉得平衡学习和生活是重要的) 6. At first I _find it difficult to understand him._(觉得理解他是困难的) 四、定语 Attributive 修饰名词、代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 1.前置定语 如果定语是单个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面。可以作前置定语的有形容词、名词 名词所有格、代词、数词、现在分词及过去分词等。‎ 划出定语部分，判断什么充当定语。 The little boy needs a blue pen. ( ___形容词_____) The boy needs a ball pen. ( __名词______) This is Tom' s father. ( __名词所有格______)‎ Open your mouth. ( ___形容词性物主代词_____) Two boys need two pens. ( ___数词_____)‎ China is a developing country. ( ____现在分词____)‎ The ground is covered with fallen leaves. ( __过去分词______)‎ ‎2.后置定语 如果被修饰词是不定代词或作定语的是短语或从句,定语常放在被修饰词的后面可以充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语及定语从句等。‎ I have something important to tell you. ( ____形容词____)‎ The buildings around were badly damaged. ( ____介词____)‎ The book on the desk is mine. ( ___介词短语_____)‎ The boy to write this letter needs a pen. ( _不定式短语_______)‎ The man visiting your school is our headmaster. ( __现在分词短语______)‎ The problem solved yesterday was very important. ( ____过去分词短语____)‎ He lost his new pen that was bought last week. ( ___定语从句_____)‎ Exercise7:翻译 ‎1. The man is a tennis player.‎ 那个外向的男人是一个在网球爱好者中很受欢迎的网球选手。‎ ‎ The outgoing man is a tennis player who is very popular among tennis fans.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ ‎2. The book is well received among the students。‎ 那本封面是黑色和白色的书在对体育有兴趣的学生中很受欢迎。‎ The book, whose cover is black and white, is well received among the students who are interested in sports. ‎ 五、状语 Adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。修饰动词的状语常放在动词之后。如: Listen carefully ‎! (但 often, usually, always, still, never, also, already, certainly, even, almost, quite等副词作状语时,要放在行为动词之前。如: He usually goes fishing on weekends. She seldom talks about her family in the dormitory. 修饰形容词的状语常放在它所修饰的词之前。如: If you say you are really sorry, I'll forgive you. 充当状语的可以是副词、短语及状语从句等,用于说明时间、地点、方式、程度、原因 目的结果、条件、让步及伴随情况等。如 The warn- hearted boy is well thought of by his classmates.(副词,表程度) People lined up for buses and got on them in an orderly way.(介词短语,表方式) The doctors did everything they could to save the boy's life.(不定式短语,表目的) I don' t like to sit here doing nothing.(现在分词,表伴随) Moved by their speech, we were at a loss what to say.(过去分词,表原因) Come whenever you like.(状语从句,表时间) Exercise 9 :请将下列句子翻译成中文,并在状语下画线。 1.On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 时间状语（但不是状语从句）‎ ‎2. we're going to spend the holiday on the beach. 地点状语（但不是状语从句） 3. Please make a sentence using this phrase. 方式状语（但不是状语从句） 4. The boy needs a pen very much. 表示程度（但不是状语从句） 5. John was late because of the heavy snow. 原因状语（但不是状语从句） 6. The doctors tried their best to save the patient. 目的状语（但不是状语从句） 7. We'll have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 条件状语从句 8. Although he is young, he knows a lot. 让步状语从句 9. His parents lost their lives in the accident, leaving him homeless. 结果状语（但不是状语从句） 10. He sat there, reading a magazine. 伴随状语（但不是状语从句）‎