2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导 语法填空题考纲要求：‎ ‎ “语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇约200字的短文，然后完成10项语法填空，每小题1.5分。在一篇约200词左右的语言材料中留出10 个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于三个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式，本部分所需时间约为10分钟。‎ 考查方式 ‎ 语法填空题的出题特点：提示性填空题（给出提示词）和自由填空（纯空格题）两大类。提示性填空主要考察动词（包括时态、语态和非谓语动词）、形容词和副词（包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化）以及名词（比较少，但是曾有词性转换方面的题出现）。而自由填空以考查虚词为主，主要考察冠词，代词，关联词（从句，并列句），介词，疑问副词等。‎ 语法填空涉及到的语法项目：‎ ‎ 1名词2代词3数词4介词和介词短语5形容词6副词7冠词8.动词（时态、语态、非谓语动词）9构词法10主谓一致11连词（并列句、主从句、并列复合句）12句子成分 13.句子种类14省略15倒装16.强调17.虚拟语气18.特殊句式19情态动词 如: 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。‎ The Internet has become part of young people’s life. ____1____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . Most of them get _____2____ (use) information on the Internet ____3____ use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it _____4____ a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites ____5____ shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen ____6___ students spend too much time on the Internet.‎ ‎ _____7____ is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook, _____8____ uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.‎ ‎ Some students also make ____9____ on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face ____10_____ (meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.‎ ‎4. in . 固定搭配，in a way 表示用某种方法。‎ 语法填空解题技巧 解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空.分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。判断成分，确定词性。‎ ‎1.通读全文，理解大意 ‎ ‎2.试填空格，先易后难 ‎ ‎3.再读检查，修正错误 ‎ 一、动词(谓语/非谓语) ‎ 给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态，语态，主谓一致，是非谓语就看主动被动，有否先后关系。‎ ‎… I was certain she would like it because I ________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.‎ ‎【解析】此处的原因状语从句缺少谓语动词，根据句意，主语“我”与谓语动词“告诉”之间是被动关系，再根据时态是一般过去时，故此处填was told。‎ 二、名词 主要考查的知识点：名词的用法,语境中词性的判断，词的转化。在语法填空题中常出现给一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空。‎ 重点复习：①掌握名词单复数的变化规律以及与相近语法的关系（名词单复数的使用受冠词、数词和主谓一致等语法的制约，因此复习名词单复数时，应注意分析名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语情况，还应注意主谓一致问题）。②熟悉、区别可数不可数（英语中有些名词有时为可数名词，而有时又是不可数名词，其区别由各自不同的用法而定，这是名词可数性用法的难点）。如：work 工作，不可数名词；著作 作品，可数；工厂 作坊，可数；工程 工事，可数。③掌握名词所有格的表示方法和名词作定语的用法，特别注意 else的所有格、双重所有格的用法。‎ 三、代词 ‎ 主要考查的知识点：不定代词和替代词的用法，It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点：①指代必须准确无误。②在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时，要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有格的一致性。③疑问代词的用法。④it，one，that是高考命题锁定的三个代词。‎ 四、冠词 主要考查的知识点：冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。‎ 复习重点：（1）定冠词的用法：主要是一些记忆性的东西，比较繁杂，可以记几个顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。‎ 五、介词 介词为虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，必须同名词、代词、短语、句子构成介词短语，才能充当句子成分。介词短语在句中常作表语、定语、状语和补足语。介词的用法比较复杂，在英语学习中须多多注意。 想看基础知识，请看介词。 ‎ ‎"Don't be always particular _______your present work and income.‎ 六、连词(从属连词/并列连词)‎ A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether；副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until …‎ B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。‎ 七、形容词/副词 主要考查的知识点：形容词作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级，词义比较等。‎ 重点复习：①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，形容词修饰名词作定语，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词）②两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。④比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather等）。‎ 九、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语 ‎ 此功能于关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise，first, second, then, finally,等等。‎ 十、词形变化或者词性变化．‎ 给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。‎ ‎… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my________(appreciate) I decided to get her a present.‎ ‎【解析】根据横线前的单词my，我们不难判断出此处需要名词，故需要把appreciate变成appreciation。‎ 十一、定语从句的引导词． ‎ 主要考查的知识点：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose，where，when，that，as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。‎ 复习重点：①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时（句子作先行词）和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句“such...as、the same...as”，以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎…The exam,________ was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.‎ ‎ ‎ 纯空格题的解题技巧 ‎(1)____A____ report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet . ‎ ‎(2)____The___ Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now. ‎ 要诀一: 如果名词前是空格,则多数 从冠词考虑，不定冠词是泛指，定冠词是特指。‎ Some of my friends who had been there before said___it____ was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ ‎【解析】根据句意,此处缺主语，所以此处应填it.‎ 归纳总结 要诀二:当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词或名词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数； 还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。‎ ‎(1)Only two men in the company have access __to__ the secret computer centre.‎ ‎(2) ------Are you hungry?‎ ‎ -------Yes, I’m sure hungry. I got up late and went ____without____ breakfast. Right now I could eat an ox.‎ 要诀三: 如果不缺主、宾、表语， 则在名词或代词前填介词。‎ ‎(1)He has many friends, most of __whom____ are Chinese.‎ ‎(2)He has many friends, ___and___ most of them are Chinese.‎ ‎(3It’s too small! There’s a nice room at my uncle’s golf club, ___so__ we’ll have it there.‎ 要诀四: 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，而是逗号，则填并列连词（并列句）关系代词或副词。（复合句）‎ ‎1) It’s unbelievable. Such a gentleman __should____ be so rude to an old lady!‎ ‎2) He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ____did_ bring home a regular salary.‎ 要诀五: 若句子结构较完整，且空格后为动词原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或 主谓不一致时，多填情态动词或表示强调的do, did, does(的确)。‎ ‎1) She was so tired _that_____ she felt pain in her leg and on the back.‎ ‎2) Either I accompany you to your room _or____ I wait here.‎ ‎3) It is only when you reread the poem __that__ you can really appreciate 要诀六: 固定结构和特殊句式 强调句 It is/ was+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分 ‎ not… until句型 ‎ It is difficult/ easy/ hard… for sb to do sth so… that…结果状语从句 ‎ 祈使句+ and/ or + 陈述句 ‎ either… or…/ neither… nor…‎ be doing… when/ be about to do… when…‎ 提示性填空题的解题技巧 ‎ ‎1.给出动词题 ‎ ‎1) Three days later, the boy _was rescued__ (rescue) by the police after getting lost in the flood.‎ ‎2) An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that _encourages _ (encourage) students to study abroad 要诀一: 如所给动词要充当谓语动词，要考虑时态、语态及虚拟语气。‎ ‎1) I got my bike __repaired__ (repair) yesterday.‎ ‎2) He thought of a very good way to stop the car from __being stolen_ (steal).‎ ‎3) With my work _finshed_ (finish), I can go out playing with you.‎ 要诀二: 如果句子中不缺谓语，就要从非谓语动词考虑，再通过分析来确定非谓语动词的形式。 ‎ ‎2.词类转换题 ‎ ‎1) He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was healthy (health).‎ ‎2) The old man was too tired to go to the _farther_____ (far) side of the hill.‎ ‎3) I find Tom __humorous_______ (humor).‎ 要诀一: 作表、定、补语时，常用形容词。注意: 形容词的比较级和最高级式。‎ ‎1) Lucy speaks English well indeed, but of course not so _fluently_______ (fluent) as a native speaker.‎ ‎2) He is _possibly________ (possible) the most selfish man in the town.‎ 要诀二: 修饰动词、形容词、副词 或整个句子时，用副词形式。‎ ‎__Unfortunately_ (fortunate), three people died and a lot of people were injured in the accident.‎ 要诀三: 加否定前缀或后缀的反义词。 un-, im-, -less等。‎ 专项训练 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。‎ Visitors__1__Britain may find the best place to enjoy local culture is in a traditional pub. A team of researchers have revealed some of__2__unknown culture of British pubs—starting with the difficulty of getting a drink. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a__3__(hide) meaning.‎ Pub culture is formed__4__(improve) sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat__5__others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is possibly the only place in Britain__6__a friendly talk with strangers__7__(consider) to be entirely proper and really quite normal behavior. However，__8__you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group，__9__is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry more than a group of strangers blocking all passages to the bar while__10__chat and hesitate about what to order.‎ ‎1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______‎ ‎6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______‎ ‎【答案解析】‎