初一英语语法知识点总结复习超详细

初一英语语法知识点总结复习超详细

课时一教学任务 一、 重点语法 1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法：‎ be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。‎ ‎①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+…‎ 例句：I am Snoopy.‎ I am ten years old. ‎ I am a student. ‎ I am a boy.‎ ‎②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+…‎ 例句：You are my good friend. ‎ You are a good teacher.‎ You are beautiful ‎③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +……‎ 例句：She is a good girl.‎ She is so tall.‎ She is short.‎ ‎④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +……‎ 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.‎ They are my friends.‎ You are good students.‎ 用法口诀：‎ 我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。‎ 对应练习：‎ 一. 用括号中适当的词填空。‎ ‎　　1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.‎ ‎　　2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.‎ ‎　　3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.‎ ‎　　4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.‎ ‎　　5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?‎ ‎　　6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?‎ ‎　　7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.‎ ‎　　8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.‎ 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空 ‎ 1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. ‎ ‎ 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. ‎ ‎ 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. ‎ ‎ 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. ‎ ‎ 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? ‎ ‎ 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. ‎ ‎ 7. How _______ your father? ‎ ‎ 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. ‎ ‎ 9. Whose dress ______ this? ‎ ‎ 10. Whose socks ______ they? ‎ ‎ 11. That ______ my red skirt. ‎ ‎ 12. Who ______ I? ‎ ‎ 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. ‎ ‎ 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. ‎ ‎ 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. ‎ ‎ 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. ‎ ‎ 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. ‎ ‎ 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. ‎ ‎ 19. Some tea ______ in the glass. ‎ ‎ 20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there. ‎ 第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词 一、人称代词 表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：‎ 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。‎ I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. ‎ We/You/They are students.‎ 人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。‎ Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us)‎ 二、物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。‎ 数 人称 类别 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 形容词性物主 代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词 而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如：‎ Is this your book? ‎ No,，it isn’t， it’s hers(her book)‎ This pen is mine.‎ 代词练习（一）‎ ‎ ‎ 一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。‎ ‎1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.‎ ‎3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. What’s（she / her）name?‎ ‎5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?‎ ‎7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.‎ ‎9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）‎ 二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.‎ ‎2. That is _______( she ) sister.‎ ‎3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.‎ ‎4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.‎ ‎5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.‎ ‎6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.‎ ‎7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?‎ ‎8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.‎ ‎9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).‎ ‎10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.‎ 三、单项选择。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（ ）1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here.‎ A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is ‎（ ）2. This is __________.‎ ‎ A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family C. a family’s picture D. a family of my picture ‎（ ）3. Let’s __________ good friends.‎ A. be B. are C. is D. am ‎（ ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________.‎ A. she’s B. her is C. she is D. he is ‎（ ）5. Are __________ coats yours?‎ ‎ Yes, they are .‎ A. they B. these C. this D. there ‎（ ）6. Is that __________ uncle? No, it isn’t A. he B. she C. her D. hers ‎（ ）7. Mrs. Green is __________ grandmother.‎ ‎ A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kate’s C. Jim’s and Kate’s D. Jim and Kates’‎ ‎（ ）8. Do you know the name _____Mr. Green’s son?‎ A. in B. of C. on D. or ‎（ ）9. __________ the great photo of your family.‎ ‎ A. thank for B. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for ‎（ ）10. Are those your friends? __________.‎ ‎ A. Yes, they’re B. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are 代词练习（二）‎ 一、用适当的代词填空 ‎1．We like ________ (he, his , him) very much.‎ ‎2．Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)?‎ ‎3．________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.‎ ‎4．Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine).‎ ‎5．________ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today.‎ ‎6．Is this your book, Mike?‎ ‎　Yes ,________(we, you, they )are.‎ ‎7．Are you and Tom classmates?‎ ‎　Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are.‎ ‎8．Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal.‎ ‎9．He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too.‎ ‎10．Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers.‎ ‎11．The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it .‎ ‎12．I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________(one, ones).‎ 二、选择正确的答案 ‎1．Is this ________ book?‎ ‎　A．you　　　　 B．I C．she　　　　 D．your ‎2．It's a bird. ________ name is Polly.‎ ‎　A．Its　　　　 B．It's C．His　　　　 D．It ‎3．What's that ?________ a jeep.‎ ‎　A．it's　　　　B．Its C．It's　　　　D．its ‎4．What's that in English? ________.‎ ‎　A．It's egg　　B．That's egg C．It's a egg　D．It's an egg ‎5．Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _______?‎ ‎　A．cat's 　　　B．one C．ones　　　　D．cats ‎6．Please give the book to ________.‎ A．I　　　　　 B．me C．my 　　　　 D．mine ‎7．_________skirt is yours?‎ ‎　A．Whose 　　　B．Where C．How　 　　　D．Which ‎8．________ is this pen ? It's Wang Fang's.‎ ‎　A．Who's 　　　B．Whose C．Where 　　　D．Which ‎9．Kate and Mike do ________ homework in the evening.‎ ‎　A．one's　　　 B．his C．her　　　　 D．their ‎10．There isn't ________ water in the bottle.‎ ‎　A．any　　　　 B．some C．no　　　　　D．a ‎ 课时二（2）简单句 一 陈述句 ‎1、 概念：说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子，句末用句号。 ‎ ‎2、 分类：陈述句根据其语法结构，可大体分为“主语+谓语”和“主语+连系动词+表语”两种；而从语气的角度分，又可分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 ‎（1）“主语+谓语”结构 ‎① 肯定陈述句 I like that book.我喜欢那本书。（陈述一个事实） ‎ I really agree.我确实同意。（陈述一个观点） ‎ ‎② 否定陈述句 I did not buy the TV.我没有买那个电视。（陈述一个事实）‎ ‎（2）主语+连系动词+表语结构 ‎① 肯定陈述名 The film is boring . 这部电影没意思。（陈述观点）‎ ‎ ② 否定陈述句 Smoking is not good for your health.抽烟对你的健康没有好处。（陈述一个事实）‎ ‎3、 陈述句的否定结构：‎ 陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：‎ ‎（1）句子的谓语动词为be , have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定结构为：‎ 主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词 + not + 其他成分 ‎ I am not a teacher. 我不是老师。‎ We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。 ‎ The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子们没在操场上玩。 ‎ He will not (won`t) come. 他不会来。‎ We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我们不能忘记过去。 ‎ It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丢的。‎ ‎（2） 当句子的谓语动词是do (即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do (does,did) + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分 You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你没有每天都来这里。 ‎ He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教这个班。‎ They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他们没看电视。‎ 注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要用问号来表示。‎ You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港吗？‎ 这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的 二 疑问句 ‎ 疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。‎ 第一节 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读这种句子时 要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型： ‎ ‎1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构 ‎ ‎— Are you sleepy ? 你困了吗？ ‎ ‎— Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 ‎ ‎3、“情态动词 + 主语言+ 行为动词（或be）”结构 ‎ ‎— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用这部电话吗？‎ ‎ — Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 ‎ ‎5、“助动词（do, does, did）+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构 ‎— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜欢夏天游泳吗？ ‎ ‎— No, I don`t . 不，我不喜欢。‎ 难点提示 回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。‎ — Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥吗？ ‎ ‎—Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 ‎ ‎— Isn`t she very clever? 她难道不是很聪明吗？ ‎ ‎— Yes, she is. 不，她很聪明。 — No, she is not . 是，她不聪明。‎ 第二节 特殊疑问句 一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情况来做具体的回答，不能像一般疑问句一样简单地用Yes 或No 来回答，特殊疑问句要用降调来读。 ‎ 二、特殊疑问句的结构：‎ 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？ ‎ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？‎ What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作业？‎ When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？‎ 三、注意：‎ 对人提问时who“谁”‎ 对所属（谁的）提问用whose“谁的” ‎ 对哪一个提问用which“哪一个”‎ 对时间提问用when“什么时候”或what time“几点” ‎ 对物体提问用what“什么” ‎ 对地点提问用where“哪里” ‎ 对原因提问用why“为什么” ‎ 对方式提问用how“怎么样” ‎ 对数量提问用how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或how much“多少”（用于不可数名词）‎ 四、难点提示 ‎1、 以why开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。 Why don`t you have a try? 你为什么不试试呢？‎ ‎2、 特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。‎ I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那儿，你呢？ ‎ But what else? 可是还有什么呢？‎ 把下列句子变成否定句：‎ ‎1. I am listening to music. _______________________________________ ‎ ‎2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________‎ ‎3Sarah can clean the classroom. ________________________________________ ‎ ‎4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________ ‎ ‎5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________‎ ‎6. This is my sister. _________________________________________ ‎ ‎7. We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________‎ ‎8. We need some masks. _________________________________‎ ‎9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________ ‎ ‎10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.‎ ‎_________________________________________________‎ ‎11. I put a book on my head.‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎12. They sing “In the classroom” together.‎ ‎_______________________________________________ ‎ ‎13. We play basketball on Sundays.‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎14. Tom likes listening to music ‎____________________________________________‎ 肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法————————三步法 ‎1. 有be动词/情态动词：be动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。‎ ‎2. 无be动词/情态动词，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用问号。 ‎ ‎3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。 例如： 陈述句: They are in the park. He can play the guitar.. 一般疑问句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陈述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑问句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? ‎ 把下列句子变成一般疑问句 ‎ ‎1. I am listening to music. __________________________‎ ‎2. Mike is a student. _______________________________________ ‎ ‎3. Sarah can clean the classroom.________________________________________‎ ‎4. They are in the zoo. ________________________________________ ‎ ‎5. There are some flowers in the vase.________________________________________‎ ‎6. This is my sister. _________________________________________‎ ‎7. We are sweeping the floor.__________________________________________‎ ‎8. We need some masks. _________________________________ ‎ ‎9. They like making the puppet. _________________________________ ‎ ‎10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎11. I put a book on my head.‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎12. They sing “In the classroom” together.‎ ‎_______________________________________________ ‎ ‎13. We play basketball on Sundays.‎ ‎_________________________________________________ ‎ ‎14. Tom likes listening to music ‎____________________________________________‎ 关于特殊疑问词 问人（谁）who 地点（何地） where 时间（何时） when、what time 东西/职业/事物(什么) what 方式方法程序身体（怎样） how 年龄 how old ..怎么样（提建议） How about 多少钱 How much 谁的 whose book 问星期 what day 问日期 what date 问数量多少 (可数名 词) How many people 问数量（不可数名词） How much water 颜色what color 班级 what class 年级 what grade 时间 what time 哪一个 which which class ‎ ‎1、根据划线部分确定是什么疑问词, 后面写原句变成的一般疑问句，句末问号。 ‎ ‎2、how many后必须先写物品，再写一般疑问句等。‎ ‎1、A: _______ is the boy in blue? B:He’s Mike.‎ ‎2、A: _______ pen is it? B:It’s mine.‎ ‎3、A: _______ is the diary? B:It’s under the chair.‎ ‎4、A: ___ is the Chirstmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December. ‎ ‎5、A: _______ are the earphones? B:They are 25 yuan. ‎ ‎6、A: _______ is the cup? B:It’s blue. ‎ ‎7、A: _______ is it today? B:It’s Sunday.‎ ‎8、A: _______ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. ‎ ‎9、A: _______ this red one? B:It’s beautiful.‎ ‎12. A:_______ is your cousin? B: He’s 15 years old. ‎ ‎13、A:_______ do you have dinner? B: At 6 o’clock ‎ 综合练习 1. The children have a good time in the park. ‎ 否定句：___________________________________ ‎ 一般疑问句：___________________________________‎ 2. There is only one problem. ‎ 否定句：__________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ ‎ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________‎ ‎7.She has some bread for lunch today. ‎ 否定句：__________________________________________ ‎ 一般疑问句：_________________________________‎ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ . ‎ 句型转换题 ‎1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改为否定句） 改为一般疑问句 ‎5. I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句） ‎ ‎6. I am writing now.(同上）‎ ‎7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主语改写句子）‎ ‎8. She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否定句） ‎ ‎10. Does she like growing flowers? （给予否定回答） ‎ 课时三have作实义动词 ‎ 1.表示“有”的意思     Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes.‎ ‎ 〔注1〕：其否定和疑问形式变化，在美国通常用助动词do。     〔注2〕：在英国口语中常用have got代替have.     Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,     I haven't got any jewelry.     2.have和一些其他名词连用，表示：     (1)一种活动。     We have no classes on Sunday.（上课）     they’re going to have a volleyball match.（举行比赛）‎ ‎  Are we going to have a meeting this week?（开会）     We are going to have a talk this afternoon.（听报告）     (2)患病。     I have got a headache.     I have a bad cold.     (3)发生的情况。 ‎ ‎     I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.（跌跤）     (4)生育。     The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.     3.和一与动词同形的名词连用，表示一个动作（have＋a＋由动词转化和名词）     Are you going to have a swim.     I have a long talk with the teacher.     4.have on sth.或have sth. on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)     I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.     At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.     5.表示“吃”、“喝”     I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.     Does she have lunch at home?     6.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”     (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。     The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.     〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.     We won't have you blame it on others.     She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.     (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。     …the two men had their lights burning all night long….     (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done)，表示：     ①使（让，请）别人作某事，表示的动作是别人做的。     Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.     …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.     ②遭遇到某事。     Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.‎ 课时三英语名词单数变复数的规则 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。‎ 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。‎ 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。‎ 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。‎ 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。‎ 读音变化：加读[z]。‎ 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。‎ 读音变化：加读[z]。‎ 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）‎ 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。‎ 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。‎ 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。‎ 读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。‎ 例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti 七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。‎ 读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。‎ 例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes 八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。‎ 读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。‎ 例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes 九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。‎ 读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。‎ 例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua 十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。‎ 读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。‎ 例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae 十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。‎ 读音变化：保持原音。‎ 例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon 十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。‎ 读音变化：没有规律。‎ 例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen 十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：‎ 例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren 十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词 例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;‎ formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;‎ parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径 tooth→teeth; woman→women 十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的 例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼 十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词 例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;‎ traffic交通 十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law 十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，‎ 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。‎ 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes ‎ 但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos ‎ ‎2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos ‎ ‎3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos ‎ 有个别词加两种词尾都可以，如：archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英），cargos(美）‎ 名词由单数变成复数的练习 写出下列名词复数 leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ ‎ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______‎ ‎ ‎ 用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：‎ ‎1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.‎ ‎2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.‎ ‎3>These _______(tomato) are red. ‎ ‎4>______(hero) are great.‎ ‎5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)‎ ‎6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.‎ ‎7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).‎ ‎8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.‎ ‎9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.‎ ‎10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.‎ ‎11>I have two ______(pencil-box). ‎ ‎12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.‎ ‎13>Peter has eight _____(foot). ‎ ‎14>Linda has three _______(tooth).‎ ‎15>There are some ______(child) in the garden.‎ ‎16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).‎ ‎17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.‎ ‎18>My uncle and father are _____(man).‎ ‎19>Tom and King are _____(boy). ‎ ‎20>Linda has three ______(tooth).‎ ‎ ‎ 选出正确形式 ‎1．I can see three ________ in the zoo. ‎ A monkeys  B monkeys C monkey ‎2.The pig has four ______.　A. foot　 B. feet 　C. foots 3.My two brothers are both ______.‎ A. policeman　 B. policemans　 C. policemen 4.There are four ___________ in the class.　‎ A. Japanese　 B. Japaneses　 C. Japan 5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.　A. sheep　 B. dog 　C. pig 6.The _____ has three______.　‎ A. boys, watches　 B. boy, watch　 C. boy, watches 7.C an you see _______on the plate? A. bread  B. breads  C. breades ‎8.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.　‎ A. tooth 　B. tooths　C. teeth 9.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milk  B. milks  C.milkes ‎10.There are some _____ on the floor.　A. child 　B. water 　C. books 11. _______ will learn English. A. Woman　 B. Women 　C. Man 12.Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers. 　A. photo 　B. photos 　C. photoes 13. I drank two ______.‎ A. bottles of orange　B. bottle of orange　C. bottles of oranges 14.The cat eats two ______ last night.　A. mouses 　B. mice 　C. mouse 15.I need a pen and some _____.　 A. books  B. desk C. chair ‎16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.‎ A. rooms number B. Room number　C. Room’s number D. Room numbers ‎17. The newly-built library is a ______ building.‎ A. five-storey B. five storeys　　C. five-storey’s D. five storeys’‎ ‎18. --- Whose umbrella is it?　　--- It’s _______.‎ A.     somebody else’s B. Somebody else ‎ C. Somebody’s else’s D. Somebody’s else ‎19. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?‎ A. temperature of room B. Room’s temperature ‎ C. Room temperature D. Temperature of room’s ‎20. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.‎ A. The Evens B. The Evens’ C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’‎ ‎21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.‎ A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sister’s　C. Mary’s sister’s D. sister of Mary’s ‎22. The woman over there is ______ mother.‎ A.     Julia and Shelley’s B. Julia’s and Shelley’s　　‎ B.     C. Julia and Shelley　　D. Julia’s and Shelley ‎23. He is very tired. He needs ______.‎ A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night ‎24． ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices?　　---Over there．‎ A． teacher’s B． teachers’ C． the teacher’s D． the teachers’‎ ‎25． Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.　　‎ A. Teacher B. Teachers’　　C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s 课时四现在进行时 现在进行时用法：‎ ‎1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。 ‎ Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。 ‎ Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。 ‎ 这类情况常与now现在，at the present现在，at the moment现在，today今天，this week这个星期，this year今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态，如： ‎ It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。 ‎ Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点！我们大家都等着你。 ‎ Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他们在那边的树底下看书。 ‎ Listen! She is singing in the room. 听！她在房间里唱歌。 ‎ Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里？她在房间里看书。 ‎ Why are you crying? Is something wrong? ‎ 为什么哭呢？有什么不对？‎ ‎2,表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。 ‎ We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。 ‎ They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。 ‎ 这类情况常与today今天，this week这个星期，this evening今天晚上，these days现在、目前等时间状语连用。‎ ‎3,在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。 ‎ They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。 ‎ Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？ ‎ 这类情况常与come来，go去， leave离开，depart离开，arrive到达，stay逗留，start开始等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态，主语必须是人。‎ ‎4,现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩。 ‎ He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。 ‎ She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。 ‎ The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。 ‎ 这类情况常与always总是，usually通常，continually不断的，constantly经常的，forever永远、老是等副词连用。‎ ‎5,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。 ‎ How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感觉如何？ ‎ I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。 ‎ Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？‎ ‎6,有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用的。 ‎ Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。 ‎ The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。 ‎ The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。 ‎ Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了。 ‎ 适合于此种用法的动词有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go变成，begin开始，forget忘记，remember记得，die死，finish完成，find发现，rise增强等.‎ ‎7,“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的。 ‎ He is being foolish. 他在装傻。 ‎ He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。 ‎ She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。 ‎ I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。 ‎ 适合于此种用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful细心的，patient耐心的，lazy懒惰的，silly傻的，rude粗鲁的，polite礼貌的，impolite无礼的等表示人的特性、性格的形容词。（“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为，纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不带有行动时或主语不是人时，“be”动词不能用于现在进行时）如： ‎ I am happy.（表语是纯粹的心理状态，不可用am being） 我很快乐。 ‎ He's tired.（表语是纯粹的生理状态，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。 ‎ It's hot today.（主语不是人，不可用is being） 今天很热。 常和现在进行时连用的时间状语 用法实例：‎ ‎ (1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：‎ They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。‎ ‎(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：‎ Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。‎ ‎(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： ‎ We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 ‎ ‎(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：‎ Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。‎ 一般结构：‎ 肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.‎ 否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. ‎ 一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？ ‎ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？‎ 对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+be not 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。‎ Eg：They are working these days. He is buying a bike.‎ ‎ They aren’t working these days. He isn’t buying a bike.‎ Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike?‎ What are they doing these days? What is he doing ?‎ 现在分词的变法有 ‎1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ‎ ‎ Jump——jumping go——going pushing——pushing play——playing ‎ ‎2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. ‎ Take——takeing leave——leaving write——writing have——having ‎3、.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.‎ Cut—cutting put—putting stop—stopping fit—fitting begin—beginning forget—forgetting ‎4.以ie结尾的词，将ie变为y再加ing Lie—lying ‎ 练习：‎ ‎　　尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：‎ ‎　　自我检测 ‎1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.‎ A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping ‎2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.‎ A .Who B .How C.What D.Where ‎3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.‎ A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep ‎4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.‎ A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes ‎5 、–When_____he_____back?‎ ‎– Sorry, I don’t know.‎ A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming ‎6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.‎ ‎7、 What____he _____(mend)?‎ ‎8、 We _____(play)games now.‎ ‎9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?‎ ‎10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?‎ ‎11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?‎ ‎12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.‎ 答案：1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing ‎5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing 注意：‎ 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错 例：1、They are swiming.(swim)‎ ‎　　2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football. 答案：1.swimming 2 .playing 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.‎ ‎　 2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading 解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。‎ 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing 例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)‎ ‎　　What are the students in the room?答案：What are the students doing in the room?‎ 解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”‎ 现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式 例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？‎ ‎　　Are the children running or jump?答案：Are the children running or jumping?‎ ‎　　解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。‎ 课时四介词知识点 ‎1.in; on; at用在时间词前，表“在”‎ ‎ 1)at + 具体时刻 ‎ 2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）‎ ‎ 3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意：at night= in the night at noon ‎ at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning ‎3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002‎ ‎6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring ‎8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。‎ eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this evening.‎ ‎2. in , on , at 表地点：‎ at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：‎ eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.‎ ‎2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.‎ ‎3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.‎ ‎4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.‎ ‎3.in , on , to表方位 ‎ in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.‎ ‎ 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.‎ ‎ 3)Japan is to the east of China.‎ ‎ cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across ‎4. across: （表面）跨过 through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词 eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river?‎ ‎ 2)The road runs __________ the forest.‎ ‎ 3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.‎ ‎5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用 after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。‎ ‎ 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.‎ ‎ 2)They left _______ two weeks.‎ ‎6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)‎ ‎ on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)‎ in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)‎ ‎7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)‎ ‎ 1) There is a map ___ the wall ‎ 2) There are four windows ___ the wall.‎ ‎8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)‎ 但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。‎ eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike ‎ by car = in a(the ; her) car ‎ on: 在…（表面）上——接触 ‎9. over: 在…的正上方 ‎ above: 在…的斜上方 未接触 ‎ 1) The moon rose ______ the hill.‎ ‎ 2) There is a bridge _____ the river.‎ ‎ 3) There is a book ______ the desk.‎ ‎10. between: 在（两者）之间 ‎ among :在（三者以上）之间 ‎ 1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. ________ them were his parents.‎ ‎ 2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.‎ ‎11.on与about : 关于 ‎ on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等 ‎ about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及 eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party ‎12. in front of :在…前面/方（范围外）= before ‎ in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内）‎ ‎1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.‎ ‎2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.‎ 类似区别：at the back of与behind ‎13.with和in: 表示“用“‎ ‎ with: 指“用工具、手、口等”‎ ‎ in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”‎ ‎ 1) Please write the letter ____ a pen.‎ ‎ 2) Please speak ____ a loud voice.‎ ‎14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地 ‎15.一些固定搭配：‎ ‎（1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;‎ wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。‎ ‎（2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, ‎ with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, ‎ at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。‎ ‎（3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, ‎ be interested in, be angry with, ‎ be full of, be sorry for等。‎ 二、常见方位介词短语 ‎（一）、由介词in构成的方位介词短语 ‎1、in the front 在前面 2、in the front row 在前排 3、in the back row 在后排 4、in the third row 在第三排 5、in front of... 在...前面（范围之外） 6、in the front of... 在...前部（范围之内） 7、in the middle在中间 8、in the street在街上 9、in the middle of...在中间 10、in the tree在树上（指飞鸟等外来物）‎ ‎（二）、由介词at构成的方位介词短语 ‎1、at the front of...在...所在范围的前一部分 2、at the back of...在...所在范围的后一部分 ‎3、at the foot of...在...脚下 4、at the top of...在...顶部 ‎5、at the end of...在...尽头 6、at the head of...在...前头 ‎7、at the（school）gate在（校）门口 8、at the station 在车站 ‎9、at No.2 Chang’an Road在长安路2号 10、at my uncle’s 在我叔叔家 ‎11、at home在家 12、at the doctor’s在医务室/在诊所 ‎（三）、由介词on构成的方位介词短语 ‎1、on the right/left在右（左）边 2、on one’s right/left在某人的右（左）边 ‎3、on the desk/table在课桌/桌上 4、on the right-hand/left-hand side在右/左手边 ‎5、on the blackboard在黑板上 6、on/in the wall在墙上/里 ‎7、on the paper在纸上 8、on the tree在树上（指树上长的，结的东西）‎ 三、其它介词构成的方位介词短语 ‎1、next to靠近/贴近 2、beside the desk在课桌旁 3、behind the door在门后 ‎ ‎4、under the bed在床下 5、near the window靠近窗户 6、outside the gate在门外 课时五other,another,others,the others,the other的用法和区别 ‎1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： ‎ ‎ Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other +复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an+ other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。 else表示“另外的”表示“除此之外 ，还有”，相当于besides,如： What else can I say? 我还能说什么呢？‎ ‎1 She has two sons, ___is a teacher, _____is an engineer A one, the other Bone, another C another, another Done, other ‎ ‎2You have seen one of the photos of my sisters, now I’ll show you___ A another B other C others D the others ‎ ‎3__went to the great wall, ___visited the Miyun A Any, other B One, other C Some others D Some the others  4 Have you any ____ novels? A another B other C others D the other ‎ ‎5 Would you like to have___ cup of tea? A another B other C others D the other 6 The t-shirt is too long, please show me___ A another B other C others D the other 7 He is able to do the work without _____help A the other’s B others’ C any others’ D other 8 We can do it __time A another B other C others D the other 9 There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf. one is French, ___are English A another B other C others D the others ‎ 10 The children don’t like this story, please tell them___ A another B the other C others D the others 11These cups are ours，those are___ A others B others’ C other’s D the others’  ‎ ‎12 China is larger than _____countries in ‎Europe A other B others C any other C any others ‎ ‎13 If you want to change a double room, you’ll have to pay ___＄15. A another B other C others D the other 课时五 祈 使 句 ‎1.祈使句的定义及句式特征：‎ 定义：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头，末尾可用句号或感叹号。祈使句没有疑问句的形式，一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。‎ Go and wash your hands. (表命令) ‎ Be quite, please. （Please be quiet.）（表请求）‎ Be kind to your sister.（表劝告） ‎ Watch your steps.（表警告）‎ No parking. (表禁止)‎ ‎2.肯定形式（动词原形开头）‎ ‎1）以系动词be开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构：‎ be+形容词 / 名词 Be quiet / quick! ‎ Be a good student!‎ Be careful when crossing the street.‎ ‎2）以实义动词开头的祈使句，这种祈使句的常用结构为：‎ 动词原形+宾语（+其他）。‎ Come in, please！ ‎ Please open your books！‎ Put them away!‎ let型（Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）‎ Let him do it by himself. ‎ Let me help you.‎ Let’s go to the park.‎ ‎3.否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定副词（never）来表示）‎ ‎1）be型（Don’t be +其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语））‎ Don’t be careless! ‎ Never be late again next time! ‎ 注意：①在这种句型中，be不能省略 ‎ ②否定副词not不可置于be之后 ‎2）do型（Don’t +动词原形+其他）‎ ‎ Don’t believe him! ‎ Don’t worry! ‎ Never do it again!‎ ‎3）Let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式 ‎ a. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他 Let her not do that.‎ ‎ Let’s not think about it. It’s only a waste of time.‎ b. Don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Don’t let Jim do that. ‎ Don’t let us go, please. ‎ ‎4) 在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No＋名词 / V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。例如：‎ NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照！‎ No parking!‎ 注意： ‎ ‎1). 在表达请求或劝告时，有时为了表示委婉的语气，可以在句首或句末please，但是如果please加在句末，应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。‎ Sit down, please.‎ ‎ Please look after the twins.‎ ‎2). 在意思比较明显的情况下，可以把谓语动词省略。‎ This way, please.‎ ‎3). 有时为了加强语气，可以在动词前使用do.‎ Do be careful！一定要小心！‎ ‎4). 有时为了强调对方，也可加上主语you，人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。‎ You sweep the floor and I clean the window.‎ Stand up, everybody.‎ ‎5).有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令，可加称呼语，但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。‎ Put the shirt on the bed, Jim.‎ ‎4.祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分,通常有以下三种形式：‎ ‎1).祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you。例如：‎ ‎　Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信，好吗？‎ ‎　Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?‎ ‎　今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？‎ ‎2).祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：‎ ‎　Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?‎ ‎　不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？‎ ‎3). Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Let’s用shall we外，其它均用will you。例如：‎ ‎　Let the boy go first, will you? 让个那男孩先走，好吗？‎ ‎　Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?‎ ‎　晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？‎ ‎5.祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。‎ 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：‎ 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)‎ 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思；No是 “是”的意思)。‎ 在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：‎ ‎　　--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.‎ ‎　　请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。‎ ‎　　---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.‎ ‎　　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。‎ ‎6. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用 祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连接；如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。例如：‎ ‎　Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.‎ ‎　把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。‎ ‎　Hurry up, or we’ll be late.‎ ‎　快点，否则我们要迟到了。‎ ‎7.祈使句与条件状语从句的连用 祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：‎ ‎　　Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.‎ 如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个电话。‎ ‎8.祈使句的强调形式 ‎　祈使句的强调形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：‎ ‎　　Do shut up! 快住口！‎ ‎9.特殊形式的祈使句 在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：‎ More water and the young trees couldn’t have died. ‎ ‎＝If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.‎ ‎　　如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。‎ ‎10.运用祈使句的误区 祈使句往往容易与不定式、分词或条件状语从句相混淆。‎ ‎　　___________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.‎ ‎　　A. Having checked B. Check ‎　　C. If you check D. To check　‎ 巩固练习：‎ 一、单项选择：‎ ‎1. Please ____, they’re having a meeting.‎ A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustn’t talk D. no speaking 2. ____ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.‎ A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don’t forget 3. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____?‎ A. won’t we B. will you C. don’t we D. shall we 4. Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ____?‎ A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. –Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I ____. A. don’t B. won’t C. can’t D. haven’t 6. If you are tired, ______ a rest.‎ A. have B. having C. to have D. had ‎7. ______ me go. It is very important for me.‎ A. Do let B. Let do C. Doing let D. To do let ‎8. He is not honest. ______ believe him. ‎ A. Not B. Don’t C. To not D. Not to ‎9. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.‎ A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got ‎10. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.‎ A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play D. Don’t to play ‎11. Please ______ me some money, will you?‎ A. lend B. lending C. borrow D. borrowing ‎12. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated. ‎ A. be B. are C. is D. being ‎13. ____ down the radio. The baby’s asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 14. Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing 15. ____ and play football in the street after lunch.‎ A. Let’s not to go B. Let’s not go C. Let’s don’t go D. Not let’s go 16. A sign with the words“____” is often found in a bus.‎ A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking 17. ____ Chinese in you English class.‎ A. Not speak B. Don’t speak C. Speak not D. Don’t speaking ‎18 . _____ the boxes. You may use them later. ‎ A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Kept ‎19. If you want to stay, let me know, ______?‎ A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we ‎20. Never come late again, ______? ‎ A. will you B. won’t you C. do you D. does he ‎21. The TV is too loud. Please________.‎ ‎ A. turn it down B. to turn it down ‎ C. turn down it D. to turn down it ‎22. _______ late again, Bill!‎ ‎ A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not ‎23. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turns green.‎ ‎ A. Not B. Won't C. Doesn't D. Don't ‎24. Please help me carry it, ______?‎ ‎ A. will I B. will you C. shall I D. shall we ‎25. Don't make so much noise, ______?‎ ‎ A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do you ‎26. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?‎ ‎ A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood ‎27. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing ‎28. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.‎ ‎ A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell ‎29. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.‎ ‎ A. name B. named C. naming D. to name ‎30. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?‎ ‎ A. swim B. swimming C. swam D. swims ‎ 二. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.‎ ‎2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.‎ ‎3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.‎ ‎4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.‎ ‎5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.‎ ‎6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.‎ ‎7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.‎ ‎8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.‎ ‎9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.‎ ‎10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.‎ 三、句型转换 ‎11. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）‎ ‎ _____ _____ again more slowly, please.‎ ‎12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为同义句）‎ ‎ _____ _____ me, or I’ll go.‎ ‎13. Let's watch the sports games. （改为反意疑问句）‎ ‎ Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?‎ ‎14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）‎ ‎_____ _____careless, please.‎ ‎15. Please sit next to Nancy. （改为否定句）‎ ‎_____ _____ next to Nancy.‎ ‎16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为反意疑问句）‎ Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?‎ ‎17. If you move, you'll die. （改为同义句）‎ ‎_____ _____, or you'll die.‎ ‎18. Come to my house tomorrow. （改为反意疑问句）‎ Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?‎ ‎19. 这是一个坏了的被子。 （翻译句子）‎ This is a ______ ______.‎ ‎20. 让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。 （翻译句子）‎ Let’s go and help the _____ _____, please.  ‎ 课时五it 用法梳理 it在英语语法中属人称代词，意思是“它”，用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。就这么简单吗？不！不仅不简单，而且很复杂。下面就初中英语课本中有关it的用法作一下梳理，以飨读者朋友。‎ 一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。 ‎ 一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。 ‎ ‎1．指动物和植物。如： ‎ ‎   —Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。 ‎ ‎   —It looks like a cat！它看上去像只猫！ ‎ ‎   Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China． ‎ ‎   什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。 ‎ ‎2．指代一些无生命的东西。如： ‎ ‎   Is it your watch？这是你的手表吗？ ‎ ‎   Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看这雨！雨很大，对吗？ ‎ ‎3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如： ‎ ‎   Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！ ‎ ‎   It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。 ‎ 二、用于指代人。 ‎ ‎1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如： ‎ ‎   —Who was it？是谁（打来的电话）？ ‎ ‎   —Was it Susan？（打电话的）是苏珊吗？ ‎ ‎   —Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根据上下句，“it was”也可不译出来。） ‎ 再如：—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？ ‎ ‎    —It's me．是我。 ‎ ‎2．指说话者心目中的那个人。如： ‎ ‎   —Is it your sister，Kate？（那旧照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？ ‎ ‎   —No！不是。 ‎ ‎   —Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？ ‎ ‎   —No！不是。 ‎ ‎   —I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。 ‎ ‎3．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如： ‎ ‎   The child smiled when it saw its mother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。 ‎ ‎   I don't know who it is．我不知道他是谁。 ‎ 注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。） ‎ ‎4．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如： ‎ ‎   —Who's that？那人是谁？ ‎ ‎   —Is it Kate？是凯特吗？ ‎ ‎   —Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。 ‎ 三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。 ‎ ‎1．表示时间。如： ‎ ‎   —What time is it？几点钟？ ‎ ‎   —It's ten．十点钟。 ‎ ‎   It's summer in Australia now．现在澳大利亚是夏天。 ‎ 特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中： ‎ ‎（1）It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．译为“是（某人）该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如： ‎ It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚饭的时候了。 ‎ I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。 ‎ ‎（2）It is ／has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如： ‎ It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自从我们上次相遇以来，两个星期过去了。 ‎ It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到这里已经三年了。 ‎ ‎2．表示距离。如： ‎ ‎   It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。 ‎ ‎   —Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？ ‎ ‎   —No，it's quite near．不，（距）离这很近。 ‎ ‎3．表示自然现象。如： ‎ ‎   Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有时下雪，大地一片白。 ‎ ‎   It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下这儿很安静。 ‎ 四、用作形式主语。 ‎ 英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头，it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应，以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法，这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。 ‎ ‎1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。如： ‎ It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 ‎ It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 ‎ It's very kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。 ‎ 注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如： ‎ It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好习惯。 ‎ It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 ‎ It feels strange to have a twin sister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。 ‎ ‎2．It ＋will be／is ／was ＋形容词＋动名词短语。如： ‎ ‎   It's bad playing in the street．在街上玩是没好处的。 ‎ ‎   Is it any good trying again？再试一次有用吗？ ‎ ‎3．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如： ‎ ‎   It is certain that he will come．他一定会来。 ‎ ‎   It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同学。 ‎ ‎   It is strange that he should say so．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。 ‎ ‎4．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure） ＋to do ‎ sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如： ‎ ‎   It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。 ‎ ‎5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如： ‎ ‎   It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周时间看完这本书。 ‎ ‎6．It ＋cost／costs ＋sb．＋some money ＋to do sth．译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如： ‎ ‎   It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch．我买这块新手表花了260元。 ‎ ‎7．It seems ／seemed ＋从句。译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。如： ‎ ‎   It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。 ‎ 五、用作形式宾语。 ‎ 当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如： ‎ He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。 ‎ We think it no good reading in bed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。 ‎ I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。‎ 课时六冠词 ‎ 冠词三兄弟a, an和the的任务就是给名词“戴帽子”。语法上，冠词是虚词，没有词义，用于名词前，帮助表明词义。‎ ‎ 冠词分为两类：不定冠词a/an 和定冠词the。‎ ‎ 不定冠词a/an只能用于单数名词之前，表示“一 …”的意思或该名词的不特定性。‎ ‎ 定冠词则强调该名词的特定性，表示“这”、“这些”等意思，在可数名词与不可数名词之前都能使用。‎ 不定冠词的用法 A. 不定冠词的种类：‎ 不定冠词有两个：a和an。‎ a用于以辅音音标开头的单词之前。‎ 一本书_a_book_____ 一个女人__a_woman_____ ‎ an用于以元音音标开头的单词之前。‎ 一个苹果_an_apple__ 一位老人 _an_old_ 一个小时 an_hour_ 一个鸡蛋 _an_agg__‎ 当形容词修饰名词时，冠词要放在形容词的前面，这时用a或an取决于这个形容词的读音。 ‎ 一位英语老师_a_English_teather_ 一个红苹果 _a_red_apple__‎ B. 不定冠词的用法：‎ ① 用于第一次提到的、不确定的人或物（可数名词）之前 There is __a_dog outside the door 外有一条狗。‎ ‎ Do you see __a man_ in red T-shirt? 你有看到一个穿红体恤衫的男子吗？‎ ② 用于价格或时间等名词的前面，是“每…”的意思 ‎4 Yuan _a_ kilo 每公斤四元 once _a_ week 一周一次 ‎ ③ 表示职业、身份 ‎_a_ lawyer一个律师 _a_ doctor 一个医生 _a_ student一位学生 ① 用于数字、量词之前 ‎_a_ hundred 一百 a_ lot of 许多 _a_ couple 一对 ② 用于一些固定词组中 have _a_ _rest__休息 make _a_ living谋生 _a_ great deal 很多 定冠词的用法 A. 定冠词的一般用法 ‎ ① 用于第二次谈到的人或物 She has a bag. __the__ bag is yellow. 她有一个包，这个包是黄色的。‎ ② 用于双方共知的人或物 I don’t like __the_ coat. 我不喜欢这件大衣。‎ ‎③ “the + n单数.”可以表示一类人或物 ‎ _the__ __panda___ 大熊猫 _the__ __driver_____ 司机 ‎ B.定冠词的特殊用法 定冠词常用于一些特定词的前面。‎ 助记：‎ 沙漠、河流与群山； 列岛、海峡与海湾； 阶级、党派、国家名； 组织、团体和机关； 方位、朝代、独一词； 会议、文件及报刊； 乐器、建筑、海洋群； 定冠词帽戴在前。 ‎ ‎ _the___ Yellow River 黄河 play _the__ piano 弹钢琴 _the_ Great Wall 长城 ‎ _the__ People’s Daily 人民日报 _the__ United Nations 联合国 ‎ ① 用于姓氏复数之前表示全家人/夫妇俩 ‎ _the__ __Greens____格林一家 _the_Lis 李先生一家 ‎ ②“the + adj.”表示一类人或物 ‎ the __rich__ 富人 the __poor____ 穷人 the __young_man___ 年轻人 ‎ ③ 用于一些固定词组中 ‎ in the __evening at the __time在此时 go to the __movie__ 去电影院 ‎ in the ___front__ of 在前部 ‎ 不用冠词的情况 不用冠词的情况 下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；‎ 复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 ‎ ① 在一些专有名词（人名、地名、月份、节日等）之前，不用冠词 Miss Laura 劳拉小姐 Doctor Smith 史密斯医生 Hyde park 海德公园 Australia 澳大利亚 __March_____ 三月 __Children’s______ Day 儿童节 ‎ ② 名词前已有修饰词的时候，不用冠词 this __morning___ 今天早上 my _book___ 我的书 your _child_ 你的孩子 ③ 在表示三餐、球类、棋类和游戏等名词前，一般不用冠词 play _basketball___ 打篮球 play __cards__ 打牌 play _games____ 玩游戏 have _supper_ 吃晚饭 ‎ ④ 在物质名词和抽象名词前，一般不用冠词 We love _peace_.我们爱和平。 Smoking is bad for _health_. 吸烟有害健康。‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习 ‎1. Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a ‎2. A little boy wrote__"U" and___ "n" on the wall. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a ‎3. There are sixty minutes in___hour. A. an B. the C. a D. / ‎ ‎4. This is ___ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one. A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a ‎5. Mrs. Smith is __ friend of __ A. the; mine B. a; me C. the; my D. a; mine ‎6. I go To__ School on foot because my home is near___ school. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the ‎7. Yesterday we held_ talk with them in the hall. A. the B. this C. a D. an ‎8. I usually go out for _ walk after____ tea; A: a; / B. /; the C. a; a D. the; a ‎9. This is___egg. ____egg is big. A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The ‎10. People often go to swim in__summer. A. / B. a C. an D. the ‎11. There is___ old man under___ tree. A. an; the B. the; a C. a; the D. an; /‎ ‎12. -Whose room is that? -It's__.‎ ‎ A. the twins' B. of Lucy and Lily C. of the twins D. the twins ‎13. We can see ___ sun and ____ moon in ____ picture.‎ ‎ A.a; the; the B. the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the ‎14. ____ Browns are sitting at____ breakfast table. A. /; a B. The; / C. The; the D. /} the ‎15. Most of us are from____. A. the south B. south C. the southern D. southern ‎16. Tom enjoys playing ____ football while I enjoy playing ____ piano very much. A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; /‎ ‎17. We should look after___ old. A. these B. those C. the D. an ‎18. The ship is sailing on____ Pacific Ocean A.a B. the C. / D.that ‎19. ____ Mr Smith is a teacher. A. The B. A C. This D. /‎ ‎20. You have missed ____ “n” in your spelling of ____ word “government”.‎ ‎ A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; / ‎ ‎2．改错 1. I go to school by a bike every day. 2. We study the maths this term. 3. They’re having a supper now. 4. A sun is bigger than the moon. 5. He was first to come to the meeting. 6. Three hundreds of students went to the park last Sunday. 7. He is ill. So he is in the bed. 8. The student and the Young Pioneer is going to help the old man. 9. Please give me a rice. 10. Wang Mei plays a piano very well. 11. Open window, please. 12. There is a dog in the room. A dog is hers. 13. There is a “m” in the word “may”. 14. It’s the April now. 15. The boy is in his twenty. ‎ CBABD—DCADA—ABDDA—CDBAC 二. 1. 去掉a 2. 去掉 the 3. 去掉a 4. A-The 5. first 前加the 6. hundreds of ?C hundred 7. 去掉 the 8. is ?Care 9. a- some 10. a ?Csome 11. windows 前加the 12. A- The 13. a-an 14. 去掉 the 15. twenty-twenties ‎ 课时七 一般将来时 一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎ 一 . 一般将来时的构成：‎ ‎ 1. 由助动词“ shall/ will ＋动词原形”构成， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于第二、第三人称，而美式英语在陈述句中无论什么人称，一律用 will 。 ‎ ‎ 2. 一般将来时的否定和疑问形式： ‎ ‎ 一般将来时的否定形式是 will not ，缩写为 won't; shall not ，缩写为 shan't 。 ‎ ‎ 一般将来时的疑问形式是把 will/ shall 提到主语前。如：‎ ‎ He won’t go to the park this Sunday. 本周日他不去公园。‎ ‎ Will you go swimming with me? 和我一起去游泳好吗？ ‎ ‎ 二 . 一般将来时的基本用法：‎ ‎ 1. 表示“纯粹的将来”： ‎ ‎ ①表示将要发生的动作或情况，常带有表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。如： It will be fine tomorrow. 明天天气晴朗。 ‎ ‎ ②表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。如： ‎ ‎ You will feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感觉好些的。 ‎ ‎ ③表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作，本用法中的 will 要重读。如： ‎ ‎ Boys will be boys. 〔谚语〕男孩毕竟是男孩。 ‎ ‎ 2. 表示“带有情态意义的将来”，用来表示意图，用 will 来表示。如： ‎ ‎ I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。 ‎ ‎ I won't go shopping this afternoon, but she will.今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。 ‎ ‎ will 在疑问句中，用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。如：‎ ‎ Will you have some more tea? 要不要再喝点茶？ ‎ ‎ What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我们要干什么？ ‎ ‎ 三 . 一般将来时的其它几种表示法：‎ ‎ 1. 用 be going to 表示： ‎ ‎ be going to 相当于一个助动词，与其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，表示近期将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：‎ ‎ I'm going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我想去看电影。 ‎ ‎ ①“ be going to ＋动词原形”表示主观上打算在将来某个时间要做某事。如： Her mother is going to buy her a new bike. 她妈妈要给她买辆新自行车。 ‎ ‎ ②“ be going to ＋动词原形”还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为将要发生的事。如： It's going to rain. 快要下雨了。 ‎ ‎ 2. 用一般现在时表示将来意义 ‎ ‎ 句中的动词是一般现在时，但所表示的意义却是一般将来时。如： ‎ Are you free tomorrow? ＝ Are you going to be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？ ‎ ‎ 在时间 / 条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句习惯上用一般现在时表示将来的意义。如： Please tell him to go when he comes. 他来时，就让他去。‎ be going to与will的区别 be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：‎ ‎1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些，如： ‎ He is going to write a letter tonight. ‎ He will write a book one day. ‎ ‎2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 ‎ He is seriously ill. He is going to die. ‎ He will be twenty years old. ‎ ‎3. be going to含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如： ‎ She is going to lend us her book. ‎ He will be here in half an hour. ‎ ‎4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： ‎ If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you will和be going to的选用原则  ‎ ‎1. 关于“打算” 原先作好的打算用“be going to”。 “Kate is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.” “凯特在住院。”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。” 说话时即时的打算用“will”。 “Kate is in hospital.” “Oh, really, I didn’t know. I will go and see her at once.” “凯特在住院。”“哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。” ‎ ‎2. 关于“预料” 在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to” Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。 My God! We are going to crash. 天哪！我们快撞车了。 在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will，be going to”皆可。 I think the weather will be nice. I think the weather is going to be nice. 我想天会晴朗。 Do you think the car will start? Do you think the car is going to start? 你想车能发动起来吗？ 当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will” I think she will like the cake I made for her. 我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。‎ ‎"be going to"中的be是助动词，它有am, is, are三种形式，没有什么实际意义；to是动词不定式的标志词，标志词后动词用原形。它们三个总是形影不离，在句中共同表达"计划、打算、准备去做……"的意思。如： ‎ I am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one. 我打算卖掉这辆旧车，然后买辆新车。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 用法篇 ‎ ‎ "be going to"必须与表示将来的时间信息词如this afternoon, tomorrow, the day ‎ ‎ after tomorrow以及next系列时间短语等连用。它可表示： ‎ ‎ 1.事先经过考虑、安排近期要做的事情。如： ‎ ‎ They are going to the park this weekend. 他们打算这周末去公园。 ‎ ‎ 2.根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。如： ‎ ‎ What bad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 多糟的天气！看来明天要下雪。 ‎ 另外 ‎ 1. "be going to"的肯定式是"主语 + be going to + do(动词原形) + ..."。上面的例句中就有肯定句，再仔细看看吧! ‎ ‎ 2. "be going to"的否定式是在助动词be后加not，即：主语 + be + not + going to + do +... 如： ‎ ‎ Peter is not going to make a model ship. 彼得不打算做一个轮船模型。 ‎ ‎ 3. "be going to"的疑问式是把助动词be移到句首，即：Be+主语+going to do+...？这和be作联系动词时的用法相似。如： ‎ ‎ Are you going to mend his chair soon? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 你打算马上给他修椅子吗？是的，马上修。/不，没这个想法。 ‎ 一般将来时强化巩固习题 一、单项选择。‎ ‎( ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.‎ ‎ A. will watching B. watches ‎ C. is watching D. is going to watch ‎( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.‎ ‎ A. shall be B. will be ‎ C. shall going to be D. will going to be ‎( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.‎ ‎ A. are having B. are going to have ‎ C. will having D. is going to have ‎( ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?‎ ‎ A. Will; are B. Will; be ‎ C. Do; be D. Are; be ‎( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ A. will B. is ‎ C. will be D. be ‎( ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?‎ ‎ A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow ‎ C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ‎( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?‎ ‎ A. will; go B. do; go ‎ C. will; going D. shall; go ‎ ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.‎ ‎ A. do B. will do ‎ C. going to do D. will doing ‎ ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.‎ ‎ A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes ‎ C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ‎ ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.‎ ‎ A. will watching B. watches ‎ C. is watching D. is going to watch ‎ ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.‎ ‎ A. shall be B. will be ‎ C. shall going to be D. will going to be ‎ ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.‎ ‎ A. are having B. are going to have ‎ C. will having D. is going to have ‎ ( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?‎ ‎ A. Will; are B. Will; be ‎ C. Do; be D. Are; be ‎ ( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ A. will B. is ‎ ‎ C. will be D. be ‎( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?‎ ‎ A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow ‎ C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ‎( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon?‎ ‎ –________ （好的）. ‎ ‎ A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will.‎ ‎ C. No, please. D. No, you won’t.‎ ‎ ( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.‎ ‎ A. is going to be B. is going to ‎ ‎ C. will be D. will is ‎ ( ) 27. ________ open the window?‎ ‎ A. Will you please B. Please will you ‎ C. You please D. Do you ‎ ‎ ( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we?‎ ‎ – OK. I ________.‎ ‎ A. will coming B. be going to come ‎ C. come D. am coming ‎ ( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.‎ ‎ A. takes B. will take ‎ C. spends D. will spend ‎ ( ) 30. The train ________ at 11.‎ ‎ A. going to arrive B. will be arrive ‎ C. is going to D. is arriving 二、动词填空。‎ ‎1. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.‎ ‎2. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.‎ ‎3. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）.‎ 三、句型转换。‎ ‎1. China is a modern and strong country.（in twenty years）‎ ‎2. Do you study hard?（from now on）‎ ‎3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.（before long）‎ The keys:‎ 一、单项选择。‎ ‎1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.C 6. B 16. D ‎ ‎ 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B ‎ ‎ 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 二、动词填空。‎ ‎1. will be 2. won’t believe ; sees 3. will win 三、句型转换。‎ ‎1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.‎ ‎2. Will you study hard from now on?‎ ‎3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.‎ 课时七“There be句型 There be 句型 1. 定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.         (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.          ‎ there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 eg.  ① There is a bird in the tree.   树上有一只鸟。     ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.  我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。     ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎1）.There be句型与have的区别 ‎　　首先，从含义上说，There be表达的是“某地有某物”。‎ ‎　　如，There is a tree in front of the house。房子前有一棵树。‎ ‎　　而have讲的是“某人/某物拥有……”即指出的是宾语的所有者。‎ ‎　　如：I have an interesting book。我有一本有趣的书。‎ ‎　　The chair has three legs。这把椅子有三条腿。‎ ‎　　其次，从直观上对比不难发现，一般There be句型直接置于句首，而have前面要有主语。这是因为There be句型是一个倒装句型，主语在be动词后。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2.）There be句型的就近原则 ‎　　There be句型的就近原则也是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点。There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。‎ ‎　　如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk。‎ ‎　　在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎3）.There be句型的否定和疑问 ‎　　There be句型的疑问句是把题目中具体的be动词形式提前，否定是在be动词后加not。但是一般后面的名词前有a或any，那么此时not any或not a可以转化为no。‎ ‎　　如：There isn’t a book in the bag.=There is no book in the bag。‎ ‎　　关于There be句型的反意疑问句需要特殊说明的是，后面的疑问部分要用使用句型原貌，不能将there改成it或其他代词。‎ ‎　　如：There was a meeting yesterday, wasn’t there?不能写成wasn’t it。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎4）.There be句型的时态 ‎　　There be句型的时态根据时间状语和就近原则分别为：‎ ‎　　一般现在时There is/are ‎　　一般过去时There was/were ‎　　一般将来时There is going to be/There will be ‎　　还有There used to be；There must/may/can be等形式。其中，一般将来时的形式在初中考试中常出现。‎ ‎　　如：There _____ a basketball match tomorrow。‎ ‎　　A.is going to have　　B.are going to have　　C.is going to be　D.are going to be ‎　　由于就近原则我们当然选单数，排除B、D，由于题目横线前已表明There，所以选C。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎5.）There be句型中的动词 ‎　　There ‎ be句型中的动词根据需要，有时可以用lie/stand/live/enter/happen/remain/seem to be等代替be动词。如：‎ ‎　　There stands a tree in front of the house。‎ ‎　　Long long ago,There lived an old man. He was very poor。‎ ‎　　6.There is+no+名词……句型 ‎　　如：There is no need to tell him the news. He has known it。‎ ‎　　常用句型有There is no need to do something。做某事没有必要。‎ ‎　　There is no sense in doing something。做某事没有意义。‎ There is no point in doing something。做某事没有意义或没用。‎ 一.选择填空 ‎ ( )1.--Again, my computer does't work.‎ ‎ --＿＿ must be something wrong with the CPU ‎ A.There B.That C.It D.This ‎ ‎ ‎ ( )2.There ＿＿ some milk ,some eggs and a few apples on the table.‎ ‎ A.is B.are C.has D.have ‎ ( )3.there are so many green trees on ＿＿ sides of the street . ‎ ‎ A.either B.each C.both D.neither ‎ ( )4.there ＿＿ anything new in today's newspaper .‎ ‎ A.is B.are C.isn't D.aren't ‎ ‎ ( )5.＿＿ there ＿＿books on the shelf ？‎ ‎ A.are﹔a B.is ﹔a C.have ﹔some D.are﹔any ‎ ( )6.there ＿＿ many elephants in Africa. ‎ ‎ A.is B.has C.are D.have ‎ ( )7.--is there a hotel near here？‎ ‎ --＿＿.‎ ‎ A.yes.please B.not at all C.sorry,i don't know D.here you are ‎ ‎ ‎ ( )8.are there any ＿＿on the table？‎ ‎ A.meat B.cheese C.tomatoes D.papper ‎ ( )9.--where is my wallet ？‎ ‎ --there ＿＿ a black ＿＿ on the floor.‎ ‎ A.is﹔it B.are﹔ones C.is﹔one D.are﹔one ‎ ‎ ‎ ( )10.there's ＿＿ eraser on ＿＿ desk.‎ ‎ A. an﹔the B.the﹔a C.the﹔the D.an﹔/‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 二. 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎ 1.there are many ＿＿ (mouse) in the old house.‎ ‎ 2.there ＿＿(be) an airport in Suqian some day﹐i hope ‎ ‎ 3.there ＿＿(be) four buildings built already in our school.‎ ‎ 4.there ＿＿(be)hardly any juice left ,isthere？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 三.根据汉语完成下列句子。‎ ‎ ⒈看！天空中有奇怪的东西。‎ ‎ Look！＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿in Sky.‎ ‎ ⒉没有水，地球上就没有生命。‎ ‎ Without water, ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿no lift on eath.‎ ‎ ⒊冰箱里有多少冰激凌？‎ ‎ ＿＿ ＿＿ice cream ＿＿ ＿＿ in the fridge？‎ ‎ ⒋黑板在我的课桌前面。‎ ‎ ＿＿ ＿＿ a blackboard in front of my desk.‎ ‎ ⒌一些老师在操场上。‎ ‎ ＿＿ ＿＿ some teachers on the playground .‎ ‎ 四。改错 ‎ ( )1.there are(a) a pen and(b) two books on(c) the(d) desk. ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )2.there stand(a) a factory(b) by(c) the river(d) ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )3.there(a) is(b) a girl swim(c) in the lake(d) ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )4.there is(a) little(b) coffee in the(c) fridge ,isn't it(d) ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )5.there(a) weren't (b) any(c) meet in the fridge yesterday(d) ＿＿＿ ‎ ‎ ( )6.--is(a) there a(b) post office near hear？‎ ‎ --yes﹐there(c) are(d) ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )7.there(a) should have(b) something wrong(c) with(d) the machine. ＿＿＿‎ ‎( )8.there will(a) have(b) a meeting(c) in the afternoon(d) ＿＿＿ ‎ ‎ ( )9.are(a) they(b) any(c) paper on the desk(d) ＿＿＿‎ ‎ ( )10.there(a) aren't(b) any tigers in the zoo ,is(c) there(d) ＿＿＿‎ 答案： 一. 1.A“there is something wrong with”意为“……有些问题”。‎ ‎ 2.A 根据英语主谓一致中的就近原则，应用is，因为milk是不可数名词。‎ ‎ 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.A ‎ ‎ 二. 1-4 mice, will be,has been,is.‎ ‎ 三. 1-5 1.there is something strange ‎ 2.there can be ‎ 3.how much,is there ‎ 4.there is ‎ 5.there are ‎ 四.1.a are-is 2.a stand-stands ‎ 3.c swim-swimming 4.d it-there ‎ ‎ 5.b weren't-wasn't 6.d are-is ‎ 7.b have-be 8.b have-be ‎ 9.a are-is 10.c is-are 课时八频度副词 ‎ ‎1.定义usually/ sometimes/always/often等词在英文中被称为“频度副词”，是用来表示动作频率的，但程度上有别。常见频度副词按频率大小排列如下： ‎ always（100%）>usually（80%）>often（60%）>sometimes（40%）>seldom（20%）> never（0%） ‎ ‎2.频度副词的位置 ‎　　◆频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词等之后，行为动词之前。 ‎ ‎　　1. 在be动词之后。如： ‎ ‎　　She is sometimes very busy. 她有时很忙。 ‎ ‎　　2. 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。如： ‎ ‎　　I will never forget this lesson. 我将永远忘不了这一课。 ‎ ‎　　3. 在实义动词之前。如： ‎ ‎　　We often go there. 我们常去那儿。 ‎ ‎　　◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末，often也可放在句末（一般不放在句首）。如： ‎ ‎　　Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. 她有时候给我写信。 ‎ ‎　　She writes to me often. 她经常给我写信。 ‎ ‎　　◆如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。如： ‎ ‎　　We have never been invited to one of their parties. 他们聚会，一次也没邀请过我们。 ‎ She must sometimes have wanted to run away. 她有时候一定想到过要逃走。‎ ‎3.频度副词的用法 ‎　　◆always 频率最高，表示动作重复、状态继续，表示“一直、总是”，其反义词为never。always等与not连用时，表示部分否定。如： ‎ ‎　　The rich are not always happy. 有钱的人并不总是快乐的。 ‎ ‎　　如果要变为否定句，应将always改为never才能全部否定。如： ‎ ‎　　Li Ping is always late for school. 李平上学总是迟到。 ‎ ‎　　Li Ping is never late for school. 李平上学从不迟到。（全部否定） ‎ ‎　　Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上学不总是迟到。（部分否定） ‎ ‎　　频度副词通常和一般现在时连用，表示动作发生的频率。但always与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。如： ‎ ‎　　He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。（赞叹） ‎ ‎　　She is always asking silly questions. 她总是问些愚蠢的问题。（厌烦） ‎ ‎　　The boy is always asking for money. 这个小男孩总是要钱。（厌烦） ‎ ‎　　◆usually意为“通常”，表示习惯性动作或状态，很少有例外。如： ‎ ‎　　We usually go to school at seven in the morning. 我们通常在早上七点上学。 ‎ ‎　　My mother and I usually go shopping on Sundays. 我和妈妈通常在星期天去买东西。 ‎ ‎　　◆Often意为“经常，时常”，表示反复性的动作或状态，中间有间断，不如usually那么频繁。其反义词是seldom。often在句尾时常被very或quite修饰。如： ‎ ‎　　It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。 ‎ ‎　　he boys often eat noodles and the girls sometimes eat them. 男生经常吃面条，女生有时吃。 ‎ ‎　　I often chat with my friends under the big tree. 我经常在这棵大树下和朋友聊天。 ‎ ‎　　He writes to his friends quite often. 他常给他的朋友写信。 ‎ ‎　　◆sometimes意为“有时”，频率不及often，表示动作偶尔发生，间断时间较长。其位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中、句末都可。如： ‎ ‎　　Sometimes we go to the cinema and at other times we go for a walk. ‎ ‎　　有时我们去看电影，有时我们去散步。 ‎ ‎　　I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。 ‎ ‎　　My father has lunch in the factory sometimes. 我父亲有时在工厂吃午饭。 ‎ ‎　　◆seldom意为“很少”；never意为“从不”。这两个副词表示否定意义，动作几乎不会发生。如： ‎ ‎　　He seldom eats breakfast. 他很少吃早餐。 ‎ ‎　　The little girl seldom goes out. 这个小女孩很少外出。 ‎ ‎　　I will never forget your kindness. 我永远忘不了你的好意。 ‎ ‎　　The boys never eat chocolate and the girls seldom eat it. 男生从不吃巧克力，女生很少吃。 ‎ ‎　　Btter late than never. [谚语] 迟到（迟做）总比不来（不做）好。 ‎ ‎　　◆hardly具有否定意义，表示“几乎不、简直不”，除非特殊情况，否则不会发生。如： ‎ ‎　　The boy is so young that he could hardly understand it. 这个孩子太小了，不可能懂得这件事。 ‎ ‎　　◆对上述频度副词提问时，用how often。如： ‎ ‎　　I write to my brother sometimes. ‎ ‎→How often do you write to your brother？ ‎ ‎4.频度副词位于助动词之前两种情况 ‎　　1.）为了表示强调，频度副词有时也可位于动词be、助动词、情态动词之前，此时助动词等应重读。如： ‎ ‎　　She always was late. 她老是迟到。 ‎ ‎　　I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。 ‎ ‎　　2.） 在简略答语中，当频度副词与动词be、助动词或情态动词位于句末时，频度副词必须前置。 ‎ ‎　　—“Philip is late again.” —“Yes, he always is.” —“菲利普又迟到了。”—“是的，他总是迟到。” ‎ ‎　　— “Can you park your car near the shops?” —“Yes. I usually can.” ‎ — ‎“你可以在商店附近停车吗?”—“是的，通常可以。” ‎ ‎5.频度副词在否定句中的用法 ‎　　在否定句中，有的频度副词位于否定词之前或之后均可，而有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后，而还有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词。大致情况如下： ‎ ‎　　1.） 频度副词usually和often可位于否定词not之前或之后。 ‎ ‎　　他们不常开这样的晚会。 ‎ ‎　　正：They don’t often hold such parties. ‎ ‎　　正：They often don’t hold such parties. ‎ ‎　　星期日我们一般不在9点以前起床。 ‎ ‎　　正：We don’t usually get up before nine on Sundays. ‎ ‎　　正：We usually don’t get up before nine on Sundays. ‎ ‎　　在否定句中，频度副词用于句中或句首，有时但会导致意思不同。 ‎ ‎　　He doesn’t usually sleep for two days at a time. 他很少一连睡两天。 ‎ ‎　　Usually he doesn’t sleep for two days at a time. 他连续两天不睡觉是常事。 ‎ ‎　　2.） 频度副词always总是位于否定词之后，不可位于否定句之前。 ‎ ‎　　Things are not always what they seem to be. 外表往往是靠不住的。 ‎ ‎　　Silence must not always be read as consent. 沉默并不见得一定意味着同意。 ‎ ‎　　3.） 频度副词sometimes总是位于否定词之前，不可位于否定词之后。 ‎ ‎　　Jim is sometimes not very punctual. 吉姆有时不太准时。 ‎ Debbie is sometimes not responsible for what she does. 黛比有时对她所做的事不负责任。 ‎ ‎6.频度副词位于句末的用法 ‎ ‎　　1）sometimes常可用于句末。 如： ‎ ‎　　We all get into trouble sometimes. 我们有时都会遇到麻烦。 ‎ ‎　　You can’t work all the time，it does you good to go out and enjoy yourself sometimes. ‎ ‎　　你不能总是工作，有时出去放松一下会对你有好处。 ‎ ‎　　2） often有时可置于句末，但通常会带有very, quite, fairly, more, so等修饰语。如： ‎ ‎　　We’ve been there quite often. 经常去那里。 ‎ ‎　　When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年轻时经常打网球。 ‎ ‎　　Diana used to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t go away so often. ‎ ‎　　娜过去经常旅游。最近她不常出门了。 ‎ ‎　　We're not exactly on intimate terms, but we see each other fairly often. ‎ ‎　　虽算不上关系密切，但还常见面。 ‎ ‎　　注：有时也可不带修饰语，但主要见于否定句或疑问句。 如： ‎ ‎　　He writes to me often. 他经常给我写信。 ‎ ‎　　Do you come here often? 你常来这儿吗? ‎ ‎　　I don’t come here often. 我不常来这儿。 ‎ ‎　　3. usually有时也用于句末，其前不用修饰语。 ‎ ‎　　I’m not late, usually. 我通常不迟到。 ‎ ‎　　I get paid on Fridays usually. 我通常在星期五领工资。 ‎ ‎　　4.seldom 一般不用于句末，除非其前带有only，very等修饰。 ‎ ‎　　We go out very seldom. 我们绝少外出。 ‎ ‎　　I play basketball very seldom indeed. 我很少打篮球。 ‎ ‎　　5. always一般不用于句末，偶尔用于句末，此时它不表法“总是”，而表示“永远”。 ‎ ‎　　I’ll love you always. 我将永远爱你。 ‎ ‎　　另外，有时用于句末是因为句子有所省略的缘故。 ‎ ‎　　Generally they walked together on Sunday, but not always. ‎ ‎　　他们一般在星期日一起散步，但并不总是如此。 ‎ 句中的but not always=but they didn’t always walk together on Sunday。 ‎ ‎7.频度副词位于句首的用法 ‎　　1） sometimes常可用于句首。 ‎ ‎　　Sometimes she comes late. 有时她来得晚。 ‎ ‎　　Sometimes she didn’t agree with me. 有时她和我意见不一致。 ‎ ‎　　Sometimes we get a lot of rain in August. 有时在8月份雨水很大。 ‎ ‎　　2.）often用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite, very修饰。 ‎ ‎　　Very often he comes in late. 他常常迟到。 ‎ ‎　　Quite often the phone rings when I’m in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时响。 ‎ ‎　　3）usually有时也用于句首，其前不用修饰语。 ‎ ‎　　Usually I get up early. 我平时起得早。 ‎ ‎　　Sometimes he comes by bus, but usually he comes by taxi. ‎ ‎　　有时他坐公共汽车来，不过他通常还是打的来。 ‎ ‎　　Usually cooking pots have two small handles but pans have one long handle. ‎ ‎　　通常地深底煮锅有两只把手而平底锅只有一个长长的把手。 ‎ ‎　　4）always一般不用于句首，除非是用在祈使句中。 ‎ ‎　　Always remember this. 请时刻记住这一点。 ‎ ‎　　Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。 ‎ ‎　　另外，never也可用于祈使句的句首。 ‎ ‎　　Never tell him the news. 千万不要告诉他这消息。 ‎ ‎　　Never ask her about her marriage. 决不要问她结婚的事。 ‎ ‎　　5）在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词seldom, never可位于句首，但此时其后要用倒装语序。 ‎ ‎　　Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。 ‎ ‎　　Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完 ‎ ‎8.另外，once a year (每年一次), twice a week (每周两次), three times a day (一天三次), every Saturday afternoon（每星期六下午）等，这些时间状语也表示频率，它们可以和频度副词用在同一个句子中，表达上没有重复。如： ‎ We usually go to the cinema four times a month. 我们通常一个月看四次电影。 ‎ 课后练习单项选择 ‎（ ）1.—How often does your sister surf the Internet?‎ ‎ —About（ .）‎ A. three time B. three times C. three time every day D. three times a day ‎ ‎（ ）2. —When is your father going to Hong Kong?‎ ‎ —He is going there（ ）July 28th.‎ ‎ A. on B. at C. in D. to ‎（ ）3. Thank you for（ ）me find my little cat yesterday.‎ ‎ A. help B. helps C. helped D. helping ‎（ ）4.Are you good at （ ）?‎ ‎ A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam ‎（ ）5. —Could I use your computer?‎ ‎ — （ ）.‎ ‎ A. Yes, I can. B. Yes, you can’t C. Sorry, you can’t D. No, I can’t.‎ ‎（ ）6. — （ ）does it take you to watch TV?‎ ‎ —About forty minutes.‎ ‎ A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How many ‎（ ）7. I am very（ ）because I don’t like exercise.‎ ‎ A. health B. healthy C. healthily D. unhealthy ‎（ ）8. Judy（ ）a stomachache, so she（ ）eat anything for twenty-four hours. ‎ ‎ A. has; should B. have; should C. has; shouldn’t D. have; shouldn’t ‎（ ）9. My friend likes singing and talking with others. But I often stay at home to watch TV. So my friend is（ ）than me.‎ ‎ A. seriouser B. more serious C. calmer D. more outgoing ‎（ ）10. —How does he get to work? —He （ ）a bike.‎ ‎ —How long does it （ ） him to get from home to the office?‎ ‎ —It （ ） him 20 minutes.‎ A. rides; takes; takes B. rides; take; takes C. ride; takes; takes D. ride; take; takes ‎（ ）11. Does Babara go to work（ ）bus or( )foot?‎ ‎ A. to; by B. with; on C. by; on D. on; on ‎（ ）12. My birthday is in( ).‎ ‎ A. Tuesday B. April C. March 3rd D. Monday ‎（ ）13. —( )are you staying in Ottawa? —For two weeks.‎ ‎ A. How long B. How many C. How often D. How much ‎（ ）14. I’m short, so I want to be ( ) .‎ ‎ A. heavier B. larger C. taller D. bigger ‎（ ）15. When it rains, I ( )a taxi.‎ ‎ A. take B. ride C. by D. sit ‎1. (2009·沈阳中考) -Does Alice often work until ‎2 a.m.?‎ ‎-No, she ________ does.‎ A. nearly B. certainly C. seldom D. always ‎4. (2009·江西中考) –I didn’t know you take a bus to school.‎ ‎-Oh, I ______ take a bus, but it is snowing today.‎ A. hardly B. never C. sometimes D. usually ‎9. (2009·阜康中考) -Were you often late for school last term, Tom?‎ ‎-No, _______. I got to school early every day.‎ A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never ‎10. (2009·山西中考) –How often do you go to a concert?‎ ‎-_______ ever. I’m not interested in that at all.‎ A. Usually B. Hardly C. Almost ‎ ‎13. (2009·常州中考) -John sings so well. Has he ever been trained? ‎ ‎-No. He learns all by himself. He ________ goes to any training class. ‎ A. usually B. often C. never D. even ‎ ‎15. (2009·漳州中考) –Miss Gao is very popular with her students. ‎ ‎-Yes. Her classes are ______ lively and interesting.‎ A. seldom B. never C. sometimes D. always ‎19. (2008·攀枝花中考) We are going to have a party ________ next week.‎ A. sometime B. some time C. sometimes D. some times ‎21. (2008·芜湖中考) Sandy is so careful that she ________ makes mistakes in her homework.‎ A. usually B. seldom C. often D. always 情态动词 有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 ‎ 情态动词  ‎ can 表示能力，意为 “能 会” 表示推测， 意为 “可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中 表示请求， 允许， 意为“可以” ‎ could  是can 的过去式，意为“能、会”， 表示过去的能力 在疑问句中表示委婉请求 　　 ‎ may  表示请求、许可，意为“可以” 表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许” 　　 ‎ might  是may的过去式,表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“ 可能、也许 ” 　　‎ must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该” 表有把握的推测，用语肯定句 　　 ‎ Need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 　　 ‎ dare 表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 　　 ‎ should    意为“ 应该”， 表示要求和命令 表示劝告、建议 　　  ‎ had better  意为 “最好”，表示建议 　　  ‎ used to意为 “过去常常，表示过去的动作、行为 考点一 情态动词知识清单 　　　‎ 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。‎ 1. ‎       can 的用法 　　‎ （1） ‎     表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。 　　 　　（2）  表示可能、能够。 如：I can finish it in an hour. ‎ （3） 表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary.   ‎ （4） 表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中， 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。‎ 2. could的用法 ‎ （1） can的过去式， 意为“ 能、 会” ， 表示过去的能力。‎ （1） could 在疑问句中， 表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。‎ 3. may的用法 　　‎ （1） 表示请求、许可， 比can 正式， 　　‎ （2） 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。‎ （3） ‎ may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may   。4.        must的用法 　　‎ ‎（1）must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 ‎ ‎（2）其否定形式mustn’t     表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. （3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must， 否定回答为needn’t  或 don’t have to . ‎ ‎（4）must 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must  表示 肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。‎ She must have finished writing, hasn’t she?‎ ‎5.        need的用法 　　‎ ‎（1） need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t ，意为“没有必要，不必”。 用need 提问时，肯定回答为 must，否定回答为 needn’t 。 如：----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . 　　‎ ‎(2)     need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化， 后边多接动词不定式。‎ ‎6.    dare 的用法 　　‎ dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need， 有两种词性：‎ ‎（1）dare  作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 ‎ （2） dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。注意： 在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said?‎ 7. ‎        shall 的用法 　　 　‎ （1） shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），‎ Shall we go out for a walk?　　 　　‎ ‎（2）表示决心、警告、命令（ 多用于第二、三人称），‎ No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam.‎ 8. ‎         should的用法 　　‎ （1） ‎ should 意为“应该” ， 可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 We should protect the environment. 　　‎ （2） ‎ should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me?  你想和我一起去吗？ 　　‎ （3） Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 　　 ‎ You should have finished your homework. ‎ 9. ‎        will 的用法 　　‎ will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。‎ I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 　　 　　‎ ‎10. had better 的用法 　　‎ had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为： had better not。‎ We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. ‎ 考点二 含有情态动词的疑问句 　　 　　‎ 1. ‎       由 can、may、must构成的疑问句 　　‎ （1） 句式： Can/ May/ Must…  + 主语+动词原形+….？ 如： 　　Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now?　　 　　‎ （2） 对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. 　　Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you ‎ mustn’t.No, you can’t. ‎ （1） 对must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes, …must.No,… needn’t/ don’t have to. ‎ 2. ‎    will， would， shall 的用法 　　‎ （1） will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。 would 是will 的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? 　　 　　‎ （2） 对 will/ would you…   的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) 　　Yes, please.‎ （3） shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称， 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. ‎ 考点三  不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 　　‎ 1. ‎ （1） can’t可译为“不会”， 如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。 （2）当句子表推测时，用can’t 表达不可能， He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）can’t 还可用来回答“ May I …? ” 这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t. （4） can’t 还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying.‎ 2. may 的否定式为 may not ， 译成“ 可能不”， He may not be at home.‎ 3. ‎（1）mustn’t 表示不许， 不可。He mustn’t leave his room. 　　 　　（2） mustn’t  也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。 May I stand here?No, you mustn’t(can’t).‎ 4. ‎  （1）needn’t 意为“ 不必” 。You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to. 　　（2）needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的浪费。You needn’t have bought it.‎ 5. ‎ shouldn’表不应该You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 　　 　　 　　‎ 易混点一   can 和 be able to 两者表示能力时用法相同， 但 can 只有原形 “can” 和过去式“ could ”两种形式，在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。 另外 be able to 常常指经过努力， 花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。Jim can’t speak English.He could speak English at 5.We’ll be able to see him next week.He has been able to drive.I ‘ m sure you ‘ll be able to finish it quickly. We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.‎ 易混点二  can和may ‎ 1. ‎ can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”， 一般可互换2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别：‎ 1) ‎ 在肯定句中用 might， may， must， 不用can 2) 在疑问句中表示推测用 can，不用 might， may，must 　　‎ 3) 在否定句中用can’t（不可能）， 不用 may， must。 That can’t be true. 易混点三 may be 和maybe 　　                    ‎ 用法区别 常用位置may be     may为情态动词， be为动词原形，句中作谓语maybe副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps位于句首，作状语 　　 　　He may be wrong , but I’m not sure. 　　 　　‎ 易混点四  can’t 和 mustn’t. ‎ ‎ can’t 根据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会，I can’t speak English . 　　（2）不能，We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.（3） 不可能，The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.. 　　 　　mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。 　　 You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s too dangerous.‎ 易混点五  must 和 have to 　　‎ ‎ must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要， 还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务，have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时I know I must study hard.‎ My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 　　‎ 易混点六    need， dare 的两种用法 　　‎ need ， dare 作情态动词是， 多用于否定句、疑问句中，后接动词原形。You needn’t explain it to me .‎ Dare you say that again 在肯定句中， 它们后边多接动词不定式，此时为实义动词。‎ Tom needs to fetch the bool for me . 　　‎ Mary dared to go across the street by herself.‎ ‎ 易混点 七  used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…‎ used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用 to do，不用doing形式；‎ 而be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”， be 可有各种时态；‎ ‎ be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……,” 为被动语态形式。‎ My father used to eating meat.‎ She is used to eating meat.‎ He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.‎ Knives are used to cut things. ‎ ‎ 【情态动词基本花样】：‎ 情态动词在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：‎ 1） 各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。‎ 2） 情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。‎ 3） 情态动词在句中不受任何人称、词性、数变化的影响。‎ 4） 情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to，即接动词原形。英文中的情态动词主要有：can，could；may，might；must；ought；need；dare，dared，have to另外，shall，will，should，would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。其中，must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have to自身有时态的变化形式。回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn’t而需要用needn’t或是don’t have to，因为mustn’t意思是“绝不能、一定不要”，而没有“不必”的意思。表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have+过去分词。否定猜测则用can’t。另外should有时表示责备之意。‎ ‎ 【情态动词＋各种时态】：‎ can后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作；‎ may后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作；‎ might后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作；‎ must后面接进行式表示想必正在做某事；‎ should后面接进行式表示应该正在做某事；‎ can后面接完成式表示可能已经做了某事；‎ could后面接完成式表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了；‎ may后面接完成式表示可能已经发生的动作；‎ might后面接完成式表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做；‎ must后面接完成式表示想必已经发生的事；‎ ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了；‎ need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中，表示不必要做的事而已经做了；‎ should后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做；它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。‎ 课时九 感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如： ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ ② What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ ④ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ ⑥ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ ② How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ ④ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ ‎ ‎ ⑤ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如： ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ ③ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! ‎ ‎ 多么糟糕的天气呀！ ④ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! ‎ ‎ 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ ② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ ③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ ④ How cool! 好凉快呀！ ⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了！‎ 一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：‎ ‎1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！‎ ‎ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！‎ ‎2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！‎ ‎ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！‎ ‎3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！‎ ‎ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！‎ 二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：‎ ‎1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！‎ ‎ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！‎ ‎2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！‎ ‎3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如：‎ ‎ How time flies! 光阴似箭！‎ 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：‎ How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is!‎ What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!‎ 三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。‎ 如： Good idea! （好主意！） wonderful! （太精彩了！） Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！）‎ 感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，‎ ‎1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。‎ ‎2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：‎ ‎ 例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！‎ ‎ / ‎ ‎ 形容词 单数名词 ‎ 例句2：What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！‎ ‎/ ‎ ‎ 形容词 复数名词 ‎ 例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！‎ ‎/ ‎ ‎ 形容词 不可数名词 ‎ 例句4：How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！‎ ‎/ ‎ ‎ 形容词 乱糟糟 ‎★★★ 若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.‎ 例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！‎ ‎ /‎ ‎ 副词 （what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）‎ ‎ How time flies! ‎ ‎       How fast Liu Xiang runs ‎ 打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看 ‎ 形容词后是名单 ‎ 就用what a或what an ‎ 形后若是不可数或名复数 ‎ 只用what就可以 ‎ 形容词后乱糟糟 ‎ 只写how就OK了 ‎ 专项练习 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。‎ ‎1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! ‎ ‎2).________cute dog it is!‎ ‎3).________ interesting the story is!‎ ‎4).________ bad the weather in England is!‎ ‎5).________ honest boy Tom is ！‎ ‎6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!‎ ‎7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!‎ ‎8).________ exciting news you've brought us!‎ ‎9).________cool your new car is!‎ ‎10).________ scary these tigers are!‎ ‎ 二、选择填空。‎ ‎1. _______ fast the boy ran!‎ A. How        B. How an C. What         D. What an ‎2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!‎ A. How, how                B. What, what C. How, what               D. What, how ‎3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.‎ A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an ‎ ‎4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. ‎ A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an ‎5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.‎ ‎ A. How      B. How an C. What       D. What an ‎6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.‎ A. How       B. How an C. What        D. What an ‎7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!‎ A. How        B. How an C. What         D. What an ‎8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!‎ A. How        B. How an C. What          D. What an ‎9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!‎ A. How       B. How an C. What          D. What an ‎10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children! ‎ A. How       B. How an C. What          D. What an 三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：‎ ‎1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_______ _______ the boy swam!‎ ‎2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_____ ______ the school trip is!‎ ‎3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）‎ ‎_______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!‎ ‎4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!‎ ‎5. The students are listening very carefully.‎ ‎________ ________ the students are listening!‎ 答案：一、What，What a, How, How，What an, ‎ ‎ What, What a, What, How, How ‎ 二、BAACA CACAC ‎ 三、1. How fast ‎ 2. How exciting ‎ 3. How beautiful ‎ 4. What a useful, How useful the ‎ 5. How carefully 课时九 反身代词 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称代词 I you He/she/it we you they ‎ ‎ 反身代词 myself yourself Himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves 另外，one的反身代词为oneself ‎　　2、 反身代词的用法：‎ ‎　　(1) 作宾语：‎ ‎　　He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。‎ ‎　　He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。‎ ‎　　We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.　我们昨晚玩得很开心。‎ ‎　　Take good care of yourself. 好好保重。‎ ‎　　He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。‎ ‎　　2) 作表语：‎ ‎　　I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。‎ ‎　　He doesn't seem himself this morning. 今天上午他似乎不舒服。‎ ‎　　That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。‎ ‎　　I’ll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。‎ ‎　　(3) 作主语或宾语的同位语（作主语同位语时，放在主语后或句末）：‎ ‎　　The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。‎ ‎　　I went to the cinema myself. 我独自去了电影院。‎ ‎　　You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。‎ ‎　　We had better ask the president himself about it. 最好问校长本人。‎ ‎　　(4) 间或可以用作主语（代替人称代词）：‎ ‎　　Both my sister and myself asked to go and work there. 我妹妹和我都要求到那里工作。‎ ‎　　Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。‎ ‎　　(5) 反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配：‎ ‎　　① by oneself：自己，一个人干 ‎　　They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。‎ ‎　　This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。‎ ‎　　② for oneself：替自己，为自己 ‎　　She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。‎ ‎　　He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。‎ ‎　　③ in oneself：本身 ‎　　This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。‎ ‎　　They were good men in themselves. 他们本身都是一些好人。‎ ‎　　④ between ourselves：私下说的话 ‎　　All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。‎ ‎　　Between ourselves, he is a selfish man. 咱们私下说，他这个人很自私。‎ ‎　　⑤ among themselves：……之间 ‎　　They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。‎ ‎　　They were always quarrelling among themselves. 他们老是相互争吵。‎ ‎　　⑥ to oneself：供自己用 ‎　　She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。‎ I want a little time to myself. 我想有一点自己支配的时间。‎ 一．选择。‎ ‎1. Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night.‎ ‎ A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself ‎ ‎2. Help ____ to some fish, children. ‎ A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves ‎3. The film ____ is very fun. ‎ A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its ‎ ‎4. –Who teaches ____ math? –I teach ______. ‎ A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself ‎ ‎5. The father will make ____ a bike ____. ‎ A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself ‎ ‎6. The scarf is ____, she made it_____. ‎ A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself ‎ ‎7. Liu Hulan’s death was great. She thought more of others than ______. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself ‎ ‎8. Luckily, he didn’t hurt ____ terribly yesterday.‎ ‎ A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they ‎ ‎9. I can’t mend my shoe _____. Can you mend it for ?‎ ‎ A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me ‎10. I like watching in the mirror.‎ ‎ A. me B. I C. my D. myself 课时九 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法：‎ 当两种物体之间相互比较时，我们要用形容词或副词的比较级；‎ 当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时，我们就要用形容词或副词的最高级。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎※形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律：‎ ‎1. 单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er或-est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest ‎2. 以-e结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r或-st large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest ‎3. 以-y结尾的形容词或副词，改-y为-i再加-er或-est busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest ‎4. 形容词或副词是重读闭音节时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest ‎5. 多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful ‎6. 不规则变化 good (well)—better—best bad (badly)—worse—worst many(much)-more-most little-less-least ‎⑥. 特殊变化： ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 goo/ well better best many/ much more most bad / badly（坏地）‎ worse worst little less least old Older（年龄）/ elder(辈份)‎ oldest/ eldest far farther距离/ further（深奥的）‎ farthest/ furthest Ⅱ. 形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。‎ ‎⒈ 比较级+than从句表示两者比较（ A … 比较级+than B ）‎ ‎①. 他比我高。He is ________ (tall) than me.‎ ‎②. 他的头发比我的短。His hair is ________(short) than _________.‎ ‎ He has ________ (short) hair than ________.‎ ‎③. Tom比我胖。 Tom is _____ (fat) than me.‎ ‎④. 谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是Lily？ Who runs _________, Lucy or Lily? ‎ ‎⑤. 英语比语文重要。English is _______________ (important) than Chinese.‎ ‎⑥. 我来的比你晚。I come _______ (late) than you.‎ ‎⑦. 他比你小2岁。He’s 2 years _________ than you.‎ ‎⒉ 表示两者“相等”用，as+形容词原级+比较对象: (A … as 原级 B )‎ ‎ ①他和我一样高。 He is as ________ (tall) as I/me.‎ ‎ ②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________ (important) as Chinese.‎ ‎ ③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine.‎ ‎ ④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you. ‎ ‎⒊ 表示“不如”， “不相等”时，用“not+as/so+形容词原级+as+比较对象”。 ‎ ①他没我高。He is ______ ________ (tall) as me.‎ ‎ ②今天没有昨天暖和。Today is ______ _______ _______(warm) _______ yesterday.‎ ‎ =Yesterday ______ ________ than today.‎ ‎③他昨天来得没有我早。He _________ come ________ early as I (did) yesterday.‎ 比较级前可用much / a lot / far(… 得多)， a little（稍微） ,still, no,‎ ‎ even（甚至）, any 等表示程度；‎ 形容词、副词前如有：very, too, quite（非常）, rather（相当）等修饰，一般用原级。‎ 比较： He is much ___________( well) today. It’s much ____________ (expensive).‎ He is very __________ (well) today. It’s too ___________ (expensive)‎ ‎△⒋“比较级 +and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…” ‎ 天气越来越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold)‎ ‎△⒌ “The+ 比较级…，the+ 比较级…”表示“越…，就越…‎ 越多越好 The ________, the _______.‎ ‎△⒍ “用twice 等表示倍数的词+ as +原级＋as…”表示甲是乙的几倍。‎ ‎ 这间房是那间房的两倍。This room is _______ as big as that one.‎ Ⅲ. 形容词最高级的用法：‎ 表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。‎ ‎①在我们班上他最高。 He is __________ ( tall) _____ our class.‎ ‎②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。‎ Mary is __________ (young) ______ the three students.‎ 一．出下列单词的比较级 ‎1.tall___________2.quiet____________ 3.funny_______________4.heavy___________‎ ‎5.thin_____________6.big______________7.outgoing_____________8.wild________‎ ‎9.little_____________10.good____________11.bad_______________12.many__________‎ 选择填空 ‎1. Which does Jimmy like _____ , Chinese or Art?    A. well B. best C. better D. much ‎ ‎ ‎2. The Changjiang River is one of _____  in the world. A. the longest river  B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers ‎ ‎ ‎3. The box is _________than I wanted.‎ A. biger B. the biger C. bigger D. the bigger ‎4. My mooncake is nicer _____ his.     A. like    B. with    C. for    D. than ‎ ‎ ‎5. You are fatter than  _____ .   A. he     B. his     C. him    D. he is tall ‎ ‎ ‎6. He jumps  _____  of the three. A. far  B. further   C. farthest   D. furthest ‎ ‎ ‎7. My hair is longer than  _____  . A. my sister   B. Kate   C. my brother’s    D. Lucy’s ‎ ‎ ‎8. There are _____ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer   D. a little ‎ ‎ ‎9. The pen is _____  than that one.   A. more cheap   B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper ‎ ‎ ‎10.Tom speaks Chinese  _____  better than Jimmy.   A. more   B. very   C. a lot of D. much ‎ ‎ ‎11.There are  _____  girls in Class Two than in Class Four.  A. more B. nicest C. most D. best ‎ ‎ ‎12.It’s too _____  for you to do that.   A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest ‎ ‎ ‎13.Who has _____ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most ‎ ‎ ‎14.You have more rulers than me. But  _____ are nicer than  _____ . A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your ‎ ‎ ‎15.Tingting is _____  than Meimei, but Meimei is  _____  than Tingting. A. all, stronger   B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong   D. taller, stronger ‎ ‎ ‎16.Mother is _____ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy ‎ ‎ ‎17.There are  _____  in the park on Sunday. A. more children B. a lot of people   C. much men and women D. many peoples ‎ ‎ ‎18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _____ one? A. small    B. smaller    C. the smallest   D. smallest ‎ ‎ ‎19.No one is _____ Mary in the class. A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as ‎ ‎ ‎20. This bike is _____ than that one.   A. twenty yuan dear    B. twenty yuan dearer    C. dear twenty yuan  D. dearer twenty yuan ‎ ‎ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎ ‎1.Your classroom is  _____   (wide) and _____  (bright)  than ours. 2.There are    _____ (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer. 3.Which do you like    _____ (well) , maths or chemistry? 4.This is the     _____ (good) film I have ever seen. 5.Africa is the second     _____ (large) continent.  6.What he said made his mother much   _____ (angry) . 7.I’m not as     _____ (careful) as he. 8.We’ve got as     _____ (many) books as we need.   9.Pratice as    _____ (much) as you can. 10.They have done     _____ (much) work with   _____ (little) money. 11.You’re the  _____ (kind) person I’ve ever met.     12.He is    _____ (young) than his two sisters. 13.The      _____ (old) I get, the      _____ (strong) I seem to feel. 14.The weather is getting _____ (warm) and      _____ (warm) . 15.Summer is  _____ (hot) season of the year. ‎ 课时十 一般过去时态 ‎1.定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。‎ ‎2.结构：‎ 如果动词是Be动词（was/were）,构成主系表的结构。‎ ‎ 即：主语+系动词（was/were）+ 表语 ‎ She was a teacher last year, but now she is a housewife.‎ ‎ They were late for school yesterday.‎ 如果动词是实义动词或除be动词以外的其它连系动词，需要将句中的动词变为过去时，结构如下 ‎ 即：主语+ 谓语动词（过去时）+ 宾语 ‎ ‎ We lived in Chongqing last year. ‎ ‎ I got up late, so I missed the first bus.‎ ‎ He fell asleep just now.‎ ‎ He left for Shanghai an hour ago.‎ ‎3.动词过去式的构成：‎ ‎（1）规则动词的过去式，过去分词的构成：‎ 规则/类别 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 一般情况加-ed help, look,‎ work, talk helped, looked,‎ worked, talked helped, looked,‎ worked, talked 词尾为不发音的字母-e时，直接加-d like, live,‎ love, move liked, lived,‎ loved, moved liked, lived,‎ loved, moved 词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，变y为i，再加-ed try study cry tried, ‎ studied, ‎ cried tried,‎ studied, ‎ cried 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母后加-ed plan, stop . nod , chat ‎ planned, stopped . ‎ nodded chatted planned,‎ stopped . ‎ nodded chatted 特别提示：‎ 1. 在清辅音后读／t ／ 如：helped stopped 2. 在元音或辅音后读／d ／ 如： stayed agreed ‎ 3. 在辅音／t ／，／d ／后读／id／ 如： wanted needed ‎ ‎（2）不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)‎ be(am,is) ‎ ‎ was been lose lost lost be(are) ‎ were been make made made beat ‎ beat beaten may might ‎　‎ become ‎ became become mean meant meant begin ‎ began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must ‎　‎ bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could ‎　‎ ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should ‎　‎ drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has)‎ had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would ‎　‎ lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain ‎　‎ ‎　‎ ‎　‎ ‎4.用法及时间状语：‎ ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。‎ 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.‎ ‎ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.‎ ‎ When he went into the room, he saw a stranger talking with his father.‎ ② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。‎ 如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)‎ ③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。‎ 如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. ‎ Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.‎ ④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)‎ ‎⑤ 表示过去将要发生的动作。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。‎ We would turn to him for help when we were in trouble.‎ He would let me know when he got information. ‎ He promised to give me a dress when he came back next week. ‎ 选择填空 ‎( ) 1. Lee ________ his mobile phone at home. ‎ A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left ‎ ‎( ) 2. _____ he ________ a good rest? No, he didn’t. ‎ A. Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had ‎ ‎( ) 3. As soon as he ________, he ______ to his family. ‎ A. arrived, writes B. arrived, written C. arrived, wrote D. arr iveds, write ‎ ‎( ) 4. Mr. Black was late because he _______ his way. ‎ A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost ‎ ‎( ) 5. When _________ Lee ________ school this morning? ‎ A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got ‎ ‎( ) 6. Will you please say it again? I ________ quite _______ you. ‎ A. didn’t, hear B. don’t, heard C. didn’t, heard D. don’t, hear ‎( ) 7. ______ you ________ at six o’clock yesterday? ‎ A. Do ,get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up ‎ ‎( ) 8.What did you see _________? ‎ A. now B. every day C. these days D. just now ‎ ‎( ) 9.He went into the room and _______ the door. ‎ A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked ‎ ‎( ) 10. —What _____ you _______ last week? —I bought a bag.‎ A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought ‎ ‎( ) 11. —_____ he ____ his lunch? — Yes, he did. ‎ A. Does ,has B. Does, have C. Did, have D. Did, had ‎ ‎( )12.—Did the thieves _____ into the car? —No, they______. ‎ A. fell, didn’t B. fall(落下), did C. jump（跳）, didn’t D. jump, did ‎ ‎( ) 13. -When did May come back from Hong Kong? -She __ from Hong Kong last Friday. ‎ A. come back B. comes back C. returned back D. came back ‎ ‎( ) 14. ____ she _____ this dictionary in the bookshop nearby last week? ‎ A. Did, buy B. Does, buy C. Did, bought D. Does, buys ‎ ‎( ) 15. He ____ to the station this morning and was______ for the train. ‎ A. hurry, in time B. hurries, on time C. hurried, in time D. hurried, at time ‎ ‎( ) 16. Where _____ Uncle Sun yesterday? A. was B. were C. did D. does ‎ ‎( ) 17. —Have you seen him today? —Yes, I ____ him this morning. ‎ A. seeing B. see C. sees D. saw ‎ ‎( ) 18. He ______ worried when he heard the news. A. is B. was C. does D. did ‎ ‎( ) 19. There _____ a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday? ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎( ) 20. Liu Fengwei _____ three yuan for the lost library book. ‎ A. paid B. pay C. spent D. lost ‎ ‎( ) 21. He ____ in this school in 1958. ‎ A. taught B. teach C. teaches D. teaching ‎( ) 22. They _____ tired so they stopped ____ a rest. ‎ A. are, have B. were, have C. were, to have D. are, having ‎( ) 23. Yesterday I _____ in bed all day because I had a fever. ‎ A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lied ‎ ‎( ) 24. It was raining hard when he ____ home. ‎ A. got B. get C. gets D. was getting ‎ ‎( ) 25. She said her brother ____ in Beijing. He ______ to Japan on business last week. ‎ A. wasn’t, went B. hasn’t, went C. wasn’t, go D. isn’t, went ‎ ‎　　二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 ‎　　go ___ ____  ___ ____  enjoy  __ _____  __ _____‎ ‎　　buy __ _____  ____ ___  eat __ _____  _ ______‎ ‎　　get ___ ____  __ ____  walk __ _____  _____‎ ‎　　take ___ ____  __ _  dance ____ ___ ____ ___‎ ‎　　write _ ______   ____  run ___ ____ ___ ____‎ ‎　　swim ____ ___  __ __  find ____ ___ ____ ___‎ ‎　　begin __ _____  __ _____  eat ____ ___ ___ ____‎ ‎　　play ___ ____  ____ _  study _____ __ ___ ____‎ ‎　　三、用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎　　1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.‎ ‎　　2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o'clock last night.‎ ‎　　So he ______ (get) up late.‎ ‎　　3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.‎ ‎　　4. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.‎ ‎　　5. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.‎ ‎　　6. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)‎ ‎　　7. -When _______ you _________ (come) to china?　　-Last year.‎ ‎　　8. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?‎ ‎　　9. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?‎ ‎　　10. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.‎ ‎　　五、1.D 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.A 22.C 23.A 24.A 25.A 课时十 it,one,ones,that,those的区别用法 it,one,ones,that,those的区别用法 为使表达简洁明了，我们常用 it， one， ones， that， those 等替代词来替代前面已经出现的名词。从近几年的高考英语情况来看，考查替代词的用法和区别一直是一个热点。本文拟就以上几个最重要的替代词的用法作一小结，同时为同学们归纳一些使用技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。 　　 　　一、替代表泛指的单数名词 　　 　　替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用 one。如： 　　Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。 　　I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。 　　Did you get a ticket?—Yes， I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。 　　注：若 one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。比较： 　　I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。 　　I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。（不能说：... a one with a garden.） 　　没有形容词修饰的 one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用 another。如： 　　This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。 　　另外，注意它与表特指的 it 的区别。如： 　　Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔。 　　Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry， I’m using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。 　　 　　二、替代表特指的单数名词 　　 　　替代表特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。三者的区别是： 　　1. 替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用 the one，而要用 it 或 that。此时 it 与 that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用 that 或 the one。如： 　　The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前面提到的 the weather） 　　The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类） 　　My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。（it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典） 　　Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。（the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类） 　　2. 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the ‎ one。如： 　　Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。 　　注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。 　　3. 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用 the one。如： 　　Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。 　　She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。 　　4. 当有后置定语修饰时，通常用 the one。如： 　　My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。 　　He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。 　　Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗? 　　Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。 　　但是，若后置定语为 of 引起的介词短语，则通常用 that。如： 　　The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。 　　A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。 　　 　　三、替代表泛指的复数名词 　　 　　替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用 ones。如： 　　Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。 　　Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。 　　We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。 　　These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。 　　 　　四、替代表特指的复数名词 　　 　　替代表特指的复数名词，通常用 the ones。如： 　　I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。橱窗里前边的那一双。 　　Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗? 　　Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。 　　注：在口语中，也可用 those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有 of 引导的介词短语或 who 引导的定语从句修饰时。如： 　　Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。 　　Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。 　　His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。 Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］ who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。 　　 　　五、几点重要的补充说明 　　 　　1. 当替代词 one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及 this， that， these， those， which， either， neither， another ‎ 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如： 　　I think my dog’s the fastest （one）. 我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。 　　Either （one） will suit me. （这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。 　　Let’s have another （one）. 咱们再来一个吧。 　　She looked at each（one） carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。 　　Which （one） would you like?—That （one） looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。 　　2. 复数形式的 ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some， any， both， several， dozen， own 等词修饰。如： 　　Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? （不能说：... some ones ...） 　　Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。（不能说：... any ones ...） 　　Do question 1 or question 2， but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道，但不要两道都做。（不能说：... both ones.） 　　He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。（不能说：... two ones.） 　　注：如果 ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如： 　　误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones 　　正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones 　　在美国英语中，ones 不能紧跟在 these 和 those 之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用（也不常见）。 　　3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用 one（s）来替代。如： 　　Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? （不能说：... or tea ones? ） 　　但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用 one（s） 替代。如： 　　We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。 ‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎2. ---Do you like ______ here? ‎ ‎---Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it ‎ ‎3. I’m reading a new book these days , _____ in English.‎ A. it B. that C. one D. which ‎4. Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.‎ A. one B. the ones C. some D. the others ‎5. — Have you ever seen a snake alive ? — Yes , I’ve seen _____.‎ ‎ A. that B. so C. one D. it ‎ ‎6. I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.‎ A. that B. it C. this D. one ‎7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，____ I will always treasure.‎ A. that　 B. one　 C. it　 D. what ‎8. —May I help you with some shoes，sir?‎ ‎—Yes，I’d like to try on those white___.‎ A. one B. ones C. two D. pair 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. If I can help _____ , I don't like working late into the night. ‎ ‎(06全国I 26)‎ ‎ A. so B. that C. it D. them ‎2. My most famous relative of all, _____ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (06江苏 22)‎ ‎ A. one B. the one C. he D. someone ‎3. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town. (06湖南 26)‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. one D. it ‎4. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed _____ to _____ and then posted it at the nearby post ‎ office. (06安徽 34)‎ ‎ A. it; her B. it; herself ‎ C. herself; her D. herself; herself ‎5. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. (05天津 15)‎ ‎ A. one B. that C. it D. this ‎6. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _____ in the city. (05江苏 26)‎ ‎ A. ones B. one C. that D. those ‎7. We've been looking at houses but haven't found _____ we like yet. (05浙江20)‎ ‎ A. one B. ones C. it D. then ‎8. Cars do cause us some health problems － in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.(05江西 24)‎ ‎ A. one B. ones C. it D. those ‎9. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had. (04全国I 24)‎ ‎ A. it B. one C. himself D. another ‎10. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国II 27)‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎11. － Do you like _____ here?‎ ‎ － Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life, everything is nice. (04全国Ⅲ 32)‎ ‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it ‎12. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure. (02全国 35)‎ ‎ A. that B. one C. it D. what ‎ CDCBCDBB 答案及简要分析：1.C it用作人称代词,指已知的情况 2.B the one = the relative特指我在美国真正出名的亲戚 3.D it作形式宾语,代替不定式短语to look after…作宾语 4.B it指前面提到过的postcard 5.A one = a flat 表示泛指 6.C that代替不可数名词the air,表示特指 7.A one = a house 表示泛指 8.B ones = health problems表示泛指 9.B one = a new cupboard 表示泛指 10.C it指已知的情况 11.D it指已知的情况 12.B one = a moment表示泛指 课时十 动词总结 want to do sth想要做某事 I want to be a teacher./ He wants to have milk for breakfast.‎ want sb to do sth想要某人做某事 My mother wants me to clean the room.‎ want sth想要某物 I want an apple.‎ like doing sth喜欢做某事 I like playing football.‎ like to do sth喜欢做某事 He likes to go shopping with his friends. ‎ like sth喜欢某物 I like apples.‎ enjoy doing sth喜爱做某事 My brother enjoys playing football.‎ enjoy sth喜爱/某物 I enjoyed my winter vacation.‎ have fun doing sth愉快地做某事 I had great fun playing in the water.‎ ‎=have a good time doing sth = I had a good time playing in the water.‎ ‎=enjoy oneself doing sth = I enjoyed myself playing in the water.‎ let sb do sth让某人做某事 Lucy lets me go shopping with her.‎ let sb not do sth让某人不做某事 My mother lets me not play on the road.‎ tell sb to do sth告诉某人去做某事 Tom tells me to work hard.‎ tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要去做某事 Tom tells me not to play every day.‎ tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某事 My math teacher tells us about the exam.‎ tell sb sth告诉某人某事 My friend told me the traffic accident.‎ hope to do sth希望去做某事 I hope to go to Beijing on summer vacation.‎ hope +从句　希望…… I hope you have a good trip.‎ It’s +形容词+of sb to do sth某人做某事真是太…… It’s kind of you to help me.‎ It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth做某事对某人来说……It’s good for you to have vegetables every day.‎ be interested in doing sth对做某事很感兴趣 Lucy is interested in dancing.‎ be interested in sth做某事／某物很感兴趣 My parents are interested in Beijing Opera.‎ be friendly to sb对某人很友好 My classmates are friendly to me.‎ be friendly with sb和某人很友好 My classmates are friendly with each other.‎ wait for sb等待某人 Jeff often waits for his sister after school.‎ can’t wait to do sth迫不及待去做某事 Summer is coming , I can’t wait to go to swim.‎ work for为……而工作 Do you want to work for a magazine?‎ work as从事……职业 My father works as a doctor.‎ work with和……一起工作 Do you like to work with other young people?‎ be busy doing sth忙于做某事 My mother is busy doing housework every day.‎ be busy with sth忙于某事／某物 Every student is busy with study.‎ teach sb to do sth教某人做某事 My English teacher teaches me to study English.‎ teach sb sth教某人某事／某物 My English teacher teaches me study.‎ thanks for doing sth感谢你做了某事 Thanks for helping me. ‎ ‎=thank you for doing sth = Thank you for helping me.‎ thank sb for doing感谢某人做了某事 Thank Tom for helping me.‎ thank sb for sth因某事感谢某人 =Thank Tom for his help.‎ be surprised to do sth做某事感到惊讶 I’m surprised to hear the news.‎ be surprised at sth对某事／某物感到惊讶 =I’m surprised at the news.‎ be surprised +that从句　对……而惊讶 I’m surprised that he passed the exam.‎ stop doing sth停止做某事 The teacher is coming, please stop talking.‎ stop to do sth停下来做某事 I’m tired, so I stop to have a rest.‎ remember doing sth记得做过某事 I remembered cleaning the room.‎ remember to do sth记住去做某事 Remember to close the door when you leave.‎ forget doing sth忘记做过某事 I forgot telling him about Mary.‎ forget to do sth忘记去做某事 I forget to tell you to close the door.‎ would like to do sth想要去做某事 I would like to have milk for breakfast.‎ would like sb to do sth想要某人做某事 I would like him to tell me the story.‎ would like sth想要某物 I would like an apple.‎ doing sth做某事怎样 What about going to the park this weekend?‎ What about sth某物／某事怎样 What about a cup of tea?‎ ‎=How about +代词　……怎样 What about him?‎ practice doing sth练习做某事 My sister practices playing the piano every day.‎ practice sth练习某事 =My sister practices the piano every day.‎ practice+代词　练习…… Practice it more.‎ spend +时/钱 (in) doing sth花多少时／钱做某事 I spent 2 yuan buying the clothes.‎ spend +时/钱 on sth花多少时／钱在某物上 I spent 2 yuan on the clothes.‎ ask sb to do sth叫某人去做某事 My mother ask me to buy some vegetables after school.‎ ask sb not to do sth叫某人不要去做某事 The teacher asks the students not to play on the road.‎ ask sb about sth问某人关于某事／某物 My father asks me about the exam.‎ ask sb for sth问／找某人要某物 I often ask my parents for money.‎ It’s time to do sth该做某事了 It’s time to have dinner.‎ It’s time for sb to do sth某人该做某事了 It’s time for me to have dinner.‎ It’s time for sth某事的时间到了 It’ time for dinner.‎ watch sb/sth doing sth看见某人／某物正在做某事 Old Henry often watches Wangwang playing the balls.‎ watch sb/sth do sth 看见某人／某物做过某事 I watched him do his homework.‎ suggest doing sth建议做某事 I suggest going to the park not the zoo.‎ suggest sth建议某物／某事 He suggests the plan.‎ suggest +从句　建议…… I suggest that we should go to the park this weekends.‎ find sb/sth doing sth发现某人／某物正在做某事 I found it playing the ball.‎ find sb/sth do sth发现某人／某物做过某事 I found it play the ball.‎ help sb do sth帮助某人做某事 He often helps me do the housework.‎ help sb with sth帮助某人某事 He often helps me with the housework.‎ make sb do sth使／让某人做某事 It made me feel happy.‎ decide to do sth决定去做某事 We decided to go to the park this weekend.‎ decide not to do sth决定不去做某事 We decided not to go to the park this weekend.‎ decide sth决定某物／某事 We decided the plan.‎ decide +从句　决定…… We decided that we will go to the park this weekend.‎ discuss sth with sb和某人讨论某事 I often disscuss my study with my teacher.‎ discuss sth讨论某物／某事 We often discuss it.‎ mind doing sth介意做某事 Do you mind my opening the door?‎ mind sth介意某事／某物 I mind the score.‎ mind +代词　介意…… I don’t mind it.‎ mind +从句　介意…… I don’t mind that you open the window.‎ agree to do sth同意去做某事 I agreed to go to the park this weekend.‎ agree with sb (about sth)　同意某人（关于某事） Do you agree with me (about the plan).‎ agree +从句　同意…… Her mother agrees that she can go shopping with me.‎ buy sth from sb/sw从某人/某处买来某物 I bought some apples from the shop/ him.‎ sell sth to sb/sw卖某物给某人/某处 He sold some apples to me.‎ show sb sth= show sth to sb给某人看某物=把某物给某人看 ‎ give sb sth= give sth to sb给某人某物=把某物给某人 pass sb sth= pass sth to sb传给某人某物=把某物传给某人 sell sb sth= sell sth to sb卖给某人某物=卖某物给某人 buy sb sth= buy sth for sb买给某人某物=买某物给某人 make sb sth= make sth for sb为某人做某物=做某物给某人 fight for sth/sb为某事／某物／某人而战 We Chinese people fight for peace.‎ fight with sth/sb和某物／某人打架 Don’t fight with your sister.‎ fight against sth/sb为反对某事／某物／某人而战 We fight against the war.‎ Why not do sth为什么不做某事 Why not go shopping with me?‎ ‎=Why don’t you do sth =Why don’t you go shopping with me?‎ be good at doing sth擅长做某事 He is good at playing the piano.‎ be good at sth擅长某事/某物 =He is good at piano.‎ be good with sb和某人相处融洽 I’m good with my classmates.‎ be good for sb/sth对某人/某物有益 Apples are good for your health.‎ be good to sb对某人好 My mother is always good to me.‎ start to do sth开始做某事 ‎ ‎=start doing sth start sth开始某事/屋 finish to do sth完成做某事 ‎=finish doing sth finish sth完成某事/某物 be strict with sb对某人严格 My teacher is strict with us.‎ be strict in sth对某事/某物严格 My teacher is strict in teaching.‎ be tired of doing sth厌倦做某事 I’m tired of playing football every day.‎ be tired of sth厌倦某物/某事 Some students are tired of study.‎ take sth to sb/sw把某物带去某处/给某人 Please take the books to him/ the library.‎ bring sth to sb/sw把某物带来某处/给某人 Please bring the books to me.‎ be afraid of doing sth担心/害怕做某事 I’m afraid of learning the piano.‎ be afraid of sth担心/害怕某物/某事 I’m afraid of the dog.‎ be afraid of sb担心/害怕某人 I’m afraid of him.‎ take turns to do sth轮流去做某事 We take turns to clean the classroom.‎ have to do sth不得不／必须做某事 He has to wear a uniform.‎ 形容词 一 .定义：‎ 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。‎ 二. 形容词的作用，见下表：‎ 作 用 例 句 定 语 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.‎ 表 语 Your coat is too small.‎ 宾语补足语 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.‎ 注意：‎ 有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：‎ ‎　　Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.‎ The old man is alone.‎ ‎　　形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。‎ 例如：‎ ‎　　You'd better tell us something interesting.‎ The police found nothing strange in the room.‎ 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是： 1）冠词或人称代词  2）数词  3）性质 4）大小  5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧  7）颜色  8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。‎ 例如：‎ ‎　　His grandpa still lives in this small short house.‎ ‎　　他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。‎ ‎　　The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.‎ 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。‎ ‎　　形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。‎ 例如：‎ ‎　　The young should take good care of the old.‎ ‎　　年轻人应该好好照顾老人。‎ 形容词短语做定语时要后置。‎ 如：‎ ‎　　They are the students easy to teach.‎ ‎　　他们是很容易较的学生。‎ ‎　　We live in a house much larger than yours.‎ 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。‎ else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。‎ 如：‎ ‎　　Did you see anybody else?‎ 你看到别的人了吗？‎ 三．以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 　　　 Her singing was lovely. 　　　 He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 　　 The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。 　　 The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。 ‎ ‎ 副词 一. 定义: ‎ 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 二. 副词的位置 : 1） 在实义动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。　 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： 　 a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： 　　　We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 　 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： ‎ ‎ 　　　He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 ‎ ‎ 三. 副词的排列顺序： 1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如： 　　　 Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些，仔细一些 3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 ‎ 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 ‎ ‎ 　 改错：（错）　I very like English. 　　　　 （对）　I like English very much. ‎ 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。‎ 例如： 　　　　 I don't know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 　　　　 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。‎ ‎ 四. 兼有两种形式的副词 1） close与closely 　 close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"。例如： 　　　 He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 　　　 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2） late 与lately 　　 late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"。例如： 　　　 You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 　　　 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ 3） deep与deeply 　　 deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如： 　　　 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 　　　 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4） high与highly 　　 high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如： 　　　 The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 　　　 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5） wide与widely 　　 wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"。例如： 　　　 He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 　　　 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6） free与freely 　 　free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"。例如：‎ ‎ 　　 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候，我这饭铺免费对你开放。‎ 五．各种类型副词的位置 ‎　　英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：‎ ‎　　多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：‎ ‎　　He runs slowly.‎ ‎　　他跑的很慢。‎ ‎　　时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如：‎ ‎　　They went to the park yesterday morning.‎ ‎　　昨天上午他们去公园了。‎ ‎　　I heard him sing English songs over there.‎ ‎　　我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。‎ ‎　　 注意： ‎ 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：‎ ‎　　Yesterday I got up late.‎ ‎　　昨天我起床很晚。‎ ‎　　频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前 ‎　　如：He is seldom ill.‎ ‎　　    他很少生病。‎ ‎　　   You must always remember this.‎ ‎　　   你一定要记住这一点。‎ ‎　　   I often write to my parents.‎ ‎　　   我经常写信给父母。‎ ‎　　 注意：‎ 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：‎ ‎　　Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike.‎ ‎　　有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。‎ ‎　　程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。如：‎ ‎　　　　I nearly missed the bus.‎ ‎　　 我几乎错过了公交车。‎ 否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：‎ ‎　　She seldom goes out at night.‎ ‎　　她晚上很少出门。‎ ‎　　I am never late for school. ‎ ‎　　我上学从不迟到。‎ ‎　　疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：‎ ‎　　When can you come?‎ ‎　　你什么时候来？‎ 还有what，how，why，how many等词 ‎　　同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：‎ ‎　　The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.‎ ‎　　明天会议将在教室里举行。‎ 注：有些词既可用做形容词也可副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, early 等 ‎　　The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.‎ Open your mouth wide.‎ ‎ 形容词和副词的辨析 一 形容词变副词的规律 a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully b. 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly c. 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily d. 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly e. 以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly f. 形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。‎ 二 形容词副词比较级的写法：‎ ① 单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter ② 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner,‎ fat-fatter ③ 双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier, heavy-heavier, healthy-healthier, happy-happier 1． ④ 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加more：careful-more careful, beautiful-more 2． 最高级的写法：‎ ① 单音节单词后+est。例如：tall-tallest, short-shortest ② 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加est：hot-hottest, big-biggest, thin-thinnest, fat-fattest ③ 双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加est：ugly-ugliest, busy-busiest, easy-easiest early-earliest, heavy-heaviest, healthy-healthiest, happy-happiest ④ 在双音节或多于双音节的单词前面加most：careful-most careful, beautiful-most beautiful等。‎ beautiful等。‎ 三 形容词和副词的比较级 1. 比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two.‎ 2. 比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。‎ ①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。‎ ②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better.‎ ③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。‎ 另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了 四 形容词和副词的最高级 1. 最高级的范围: 最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个"最……"。例如：My ruler is the longest of all.我的尺是最长的。‎ 1． 最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。‎ ①the：一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。例如：He is our best teacher.他是我们最好的老师。‎ ②最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。of短语 指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如：‎ He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。‎ He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。‎ 形容词副词练习 一．基础练习 ‎1. If I had＿＿＿, I would visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.‎ ‎　　A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough ‎2. These oranges taste＿＿＿. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well ‎3. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard＿＿＿.‎ ‎　　A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice ‎4. I would be＿＿＿, if you could give me an early reply.‎ ‎　　A. pleasant B. grateful C. satisfied D. helpful ‎5. Those T-shirts are usually ＄35 each, but today they have a (an)＿＿＿price of ＄‎19 in the shopping center.‎ ‎　　A. regular B. special C. cheap D. ordinary ‎6. Mr Smith bought a＿＿＿purse for his wife.‎ A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather ‎7. —— How was your job interview?‎ ‎—— Oh, I couldn’t feel＿＿＿. I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.‎ ‎　　A. better B. easier C. worse D. happier ‎8. Longjing tea, Jasmine tea and Wuyi tea are all famous,but which do you think＿＿＿＿＿?‎ ‎　　A. tastes best B. smells most C. sounds best D. drinks mostly ‎9. —— Can Li Hua help me with my English?‎ ‎　—— I regret to tell you her English is＿＿＿＿＿yours.‎ A. as good as B. no more than C. no better than D. as much as ‎10. Although he sometimes loses his temper, his students like him＿＿＿＿＿for it.‎ ‎　　A. not so much B. not so little C. no more D. no less ‎11. When they came in, Mr Harris＿＿＿＿＿＿like a baby.‎ ‎　Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream,because he needed rest.‎ ‎　　A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep ‎12. This year they have produced＿＿＿ grain ＿＿＿they did last year.‎ ‎　　A. as less； as B. as few； as C. less； than D. fewer； than ‎13. —— Can I help you?‎ ‎　 —— Well, I’m afraid the box is＿＿＿heavy for you,but thank you all the same.‎ A. so B. much C. very D. too ‎14. —— How did you find your visit to the museum?‎ ‎　—— I thoroughly ‎ enjoy it. It was＿＿＿＿＿than I expected.‎ ‎　　A. far more interesting B. even much interesting ‎　　C. so far interesting D. a lot much interesting ‎15. —— Would you like some wine?—— Yes, just＿＿＿＿＿.‎ ‎　　A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit ‎16. It takes a long time to go there by train； it’s ＿＿＿＿by road.‎ ‎　　A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker ‎17. If there were no examinations, we should have＿＿＿at school.‎ ‎　 A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time ‎18. I’m surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)＿＿＿＿＿trick.‎ ‎　　A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple ‎19. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose＿＿＿one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.‎ ‎　　A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive ‎20. ＿＿＿＿＿box cannot be lifted by a boy of five.‎ ‎　　A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a 参考答案 ‎ 一. 1.A2.A 3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.A9.C10.D ‎　　11.B12.C13.D14.A ‎　　15.C。用a little表示“少许”。‎ ‎　　16.D。题意为“乘火车去那儿要花很长时间；乘汽车更快些。”‎ ‎　　17.D。题意为“假如没有考试的话，我们在学校就会更快乐。”暗含比较的意味，故选D。‎ ‎　　18.D。题意为“你竟然被这么一个简单的花招所骗，真令我吃惊。”trick“计谋，花招，诡计”。‎ ‎　　19.C。题意为“因为她不想花太多的钱买袋子，故挑了一个最便宜的。”‎ ‎　　20.B。表示“如此重的箱子”可以用“so heavy a box”或“such a heavy box”。‎ ‎　　‎ 课时十一 主谓一致 ‎　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致 ‎ ‎　1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如： The desk is Tom’s. 　这张桌子是汤姆的。 ‎ ‎　　Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 ‎ ‎　　The students are playing football on the playground. 　这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 ‎ ‎　2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 ‎ ‎　3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如： ‎ ‎　　More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ‎ ‎　4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 ‎ ‎　　Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 ‎ ‎　　Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 ‎0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 ‎ ‎　　Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 ‎ ‎　5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如： ‎ ‎　　Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 ‎ ‎　　Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 ‎ ‎　6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 ‎ ‎　7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　To see is to believe 　眼见为实。 ‎ ‎　　Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 ‎ ‎　8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： ‎ ‎　　A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 ‎ ‎　9. 主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.‎ ‎12. 不 定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如： ‎ ‎　　Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ ‎ ‎　　Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 ‎ ‎　　Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 ‎ ‎　13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： ‎ ‎　　Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 ‎ ‎　　Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。 ‎ ‎　14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如： ‎ ‎　　No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ ‎　　Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 ‎ ‎　11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，‎ The police are waiting for the boy. ‎ ‎　15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；‎ ‎ Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。‎ ‎16 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。‎ ‎ The Smiths are having dinner.‎ ‎　16. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： ‎ ‎　　A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 ‎ ‎　　The number of the students is over eight hundred. 我们学校的学生数超过800人。 ‎ ‎　17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如： ‎ ‎　　This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。 ‎ ‎　　There are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有两杯水。 ‎ ‎　18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 　穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。 ‎ ‎　　The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 ‎ ‎　19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如： ‎ ‎　　There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。 ‎ ‎　　Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。 ‎ ‎ 20 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。 ‎ ‎　　Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。 ‎ ‎21 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如： ‎ ‎　　Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 ‎ ‎　　Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 ‎ ‎22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数 ‎23. 由 and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) ‎ ‎　　The writer and the teacher are coming. 　作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) ‎ ‎24 family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如： ‎ ‎　　People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 ‎ ‎　　His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 ‎ ‎　　My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 ‎ ‎25 none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。‎ ‎26 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Most of his time is spent on study.‎ 主谓一致专项练习 一 单项选择：‎ ‎1. Eating vegetables______ good for our health.‎ A. is B. are C. were D. was ‎2. More than one person _______ made the suggestion.‎ A. was B. has C. were D. have ‎3. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam ______ easy.‎ A. two thirds; is B. second three; are C. two thirds; are D. two third; are ‎4. Neither you nor Lin Hua _______ to the Great Wall before.‎ A. had been B. has gone C. has been D. have been ‎5. The writer and teacher ______ coming now.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎6. Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.‎ A. has B. have C. is D. are ‎7. Nothing but grass and trees _______ the hill.‎ A. covers B. cover C. covering D. are covering ‎8. Physics ______ more interesting than Maths, I think.‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎9. Each student and each teacher ______ to see the film.‎ A. go B. wish C. are D. wants ‎10. Either Tom or I ______ to blame.‎ A. to be B. am C. are D. is ‎11. There ______ a desk, two beds and four chairs in the room.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎12. Lucy, together with her two brothers, often _______ to the park on Sundays.‎ A. go B. goes C. are going D. is going ‎13. There ______ a pair of shoes on the floor. The shoes______ mine.‎ A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are ‎14. None of that money on the table ______ mine.‎ A. is B. are C. been D. have ‎15. — Could you get me a piano, Mum? —There ______ enough room for one in our home.‎ A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t ‎16. The family I am staying with _______ very friendly.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎17. Our team ______ the World Cup!‎ A. has won B. have won C. are won D. is won ‎18. Our country _______ great changes in the last 30 years.‎ A. experience B. experiences C. has experienced D. experiencing ‎19. The police _______ having a meeting in their office at ten yesterday.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎20. The number of people invited _____ 50, but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.‎ ‎ A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were ‎21. A library with 5000 books _____ to the nation as a gift.‎ ‎ A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered ‎22. I told him what I was surprised ______ his attitude towards his study.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. at is D. at was ‎23. On the wall ______ two large portraits(肖像).‎ ‎ A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hung ‎24. All that can be done ________.‎ ‎ A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done ‎25. The singer and the dancer ______ come to the meeting.‎ ‎ A. has B. have C. are D. is ‎26. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest ______ more difficult.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎27. The wounded(伤员) _______ by the hospital.‎ ‎ A. has taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. have been taken in ‎28. The following _______ some other examples.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎29. The whole class _______ the teacher attentively(认真地).‎ ‎ A. are listening B. is listening to C. are listening to D. is listening ‎30. “All _______ present and all _______ going on well,” our manager said.‎ ‎ A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are ‎31. The rich ________ not always happy.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. has D. have ‎32. He is the very thief that the police ________.‎ ‎ A. is after B. is looking C. are after D. are looking ‎33. The third and last chapter(章节) _______ by Professor Chen.‎ ‎ A. are written B. are writing C. is written D. is writing ‎34. One third of the students in our school _______ girl students.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎35. Many a writer of newspaper articles ________ to writing novels.‎ ‎ A. has turned B. have turned C. being turned D. are going to turn ‎36. None of your projects ________.‎ ‎ A. working out B. work out C. is worked out D. worked out ‎37. Going to bed early and getting up early _______ a good habit.‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. were D. was ‎38. I don’t think one hundered dollars _______ a big sum of monny to him.‎ ‎ A. will be B. would be C. is D. are ‎39. Neither of your suggestions ________ sense. (make sense:有意义；说得通)‎ ‎ A. makes B. make C. is made D. are made ‎40. Your trousers _______ dirty; you must have ______ washed.‎ ‎ A.is; it B. are; it C. are; them D. is; them 二 用所给词的正确形式填空:‎ ‎1. ______ (be) everything OK?‎ ‎2. Nobody _______ (know) the answers to the question.‎ ‎3. Ten divided by two ________ (be) five.‎ ‎4. Most of the drinking water _______ (be) from the Black River.‎ ‎5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.‎ ‎6. Either you or he ______ (have) made a wrong decision.‎ ‎7. The family _______(be) spending the weekend together.‎ ‎8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.‎ ‎9. The police _______ (be) trying to catch the thief.‎ ‎10. The number of the teachers in the school ______(be) 120.‎ 参考答案：‎ 一 1——5 ABCCA 6——10 AABDB ‎ ‎11——15 ABCAC 16——20 BACBC ‎21——25 ADBAB 26——30 ADACC ‎31——35 ACCBA 36——40 CACAC 二 1 is 2 knows 3 is 4 is 5 do 6 has 7 are ‎ 8 is 9 are 10 is 英语总测试 ‎1. The water is hot to drink.‎ A. to B. two C. too D. a ‎2. The boy are TV.‎ A. watch B. watching C. see D. seeing ‎3. He is playing cards his friends.‎ A. with B. to C. for D. and ‎4. -- Let’s go and ask him. -- .‎ A. Excuse me B. All right C. Sorry D. You are welcome ‎5. Where is my cat? I can’t it.‎ A. look B. put C. find D. see ‎6. What’s that near the house? It’s an book.‎ A. nice B. Chinese C. Japanese D. English ‎ ‎7. Yao Ming is in now.‎ A. CBA B. CUBA C. NBA D. WCBA ‎8. A bus is slower than a plane, it doesn’t cost so much.‎ A. but B. then C. or D. so ‎9. What ______ do you do in winter, Jim?‎ A. other B. else C. the other D. others ‎10. — Excuse me. Where’s No. 2 Middle School? — ______‎ A.Go down this street and turn left. ‎ B.Go on this street and turn right.‎ C.Walk at this street and take right. ‎ D.Walk on this street and take left.‎ ‎11. — I can’t do my homework. It’s too hard for me.‎ ‎— _____ . We can help you. A.Don’t worry ‎ B.That’s all right C. That’s right D. It’s fun, I think ‎12. Li Lei didn’t come to school today. What ______ to him?‎ A. was happened B. happened C. is happened D. happening ‎13. The football fans（球迷） yelled ______ their team.‎ A. at B. up C. for D. with ‎14. — Did you have fun today? — ______‎ A.Yes,we do. B.No,we don’t. C. Yes, we did. D. No, we did ‎15. He is ______ go home tomorrow. ‎ A.get ready to B.get ready for ‎ C.getting ready to D.getting ready for ‎16. The plane for Beijing will leave _____ fifteen minutes.‎ A. in B. on C. after D. at ‎17. There’s going to _____ a sports meeting next week.‎ A. have B. be C. is D. get ‎18. ______ is good ______ your health. ‎ A. Do eye exercise, for B.Doing exercise, for ‎ C.Do eye exercises, to D.Doing eye exercises, to ‎19. Seven days _______ a week.‎ A. make B. need C. do D. have ‎20. — ______ do you eat cabbage? — Once a week.‎ A. How many B. How often C. How much D. What time ‎21. Who’s the young woman          the sunglasses?‎ A. in            B. has             C. wear           D. with ‎22. Listen! Can you hear her         in her room?‎ A. sing          B. sings         C. singing       D. is singing ‎23. —          does your uncle do? —A reporter.‎ A. Why            B. What            C. Where           D. How ‎24. We want         the pandas first.‎ A. see           B. sees            C. to see           D. seeing ‎25. Mall is a good place          things.‎ A. buy            B. to buy          C. buys          D. bought ‎26. The children have          homework to do every day.‎ A. many too      B. too many      C. much too      D. too much ‎27. —What did you do yesterday? —We had great fun          in the park.‎ A. plays         B. played        C. playing       D. to play ‎28. He          any classes last week.‎ A. doesn’t have     B. didn’t have      C. isn’t have       D. wasn’t have ‎29. I’d like to go shopping with you,          I’m too busy today.‎ A. but           B. and          C. so            D. or ‎30. Ann asked us to stop           and listen to her.‎ A. talk            B. talks          C. to talk        D. talking ‎31. The teachers often tell their students       their pen in class.‎ A. not to play      B. not to play with        C. to play        D. to play with ‎32. We have          for you as a reporter.‎ A. a work         B. works          C. jobs            D. a job ‎33.           the windows before you leave the classroom.‎ A. To close        B. Closing         C. Closed        D. Close ‎34. I sit          Maria         Jim.‎ A. from; to        B. between; and     C. in; and          D. next; to ‎35. My mother had a little         this morning.‎ A. tomatoes      B. noodles         C. rice          D. potato ‎36. —What does your maths teacher        ?‎ ‎—He is of medium build.‎ A. look for        B. look after       C. look at        D. look like ‎37. The Smiths decided         Paris on vacation.‎ A. went to         B. to go to       C. to go           D. go to ‎38. He plays          basketball every day. And now he is playing          piano at home.‎ A. the; the         B. /; /           C. the; /         D. /; the ‎39. How much did you spend          this new book?‎ A. on             B. in            C. at            D. of ‎40. Old Henry doesn’t have a son          a daughter.‎ A. but            B. with          C. and            D. or ‎41. My sister is a bank clerk. _____ works in a bank near here. ‎ A. She B. He C. I D. You ‎ ‎42. The question is very easy, ______ nobody can answer it.‎ A. or B. and C. but D. so ‎ ‎43. Peter is popular in the school. When he has time, he likes ________ jokes.‎ A. telling B. talking C. saying D. speaking ‎44. — did you go on vacation? ‎ ‎—I went to Paris. It was wonderful. ‎ A. What B. Where C. Who D. When ‎45. Xu Qian does not think she is good-looking. She hopes to have a new _______.‎ A. look B. dress C. small nose D. body ‎46. —What does your father look like? ‎ ‎—He ______ medium build and has curly hair. ‎ A. is B. was C. does D. has ‎47. What size of desert would you like? Small, medium, ____ large? ‎ A. and B. or C. with D. but ‎48. I feel __. It’s raining. The TV programs are boring. And I have no one to talk to.‎ A. great B. terrible C. pretty good D. not bad ‎49. —What did your mother do over the weekend? —She _____ home.‎ A. stays at B. stayed at C. is staying at D. staied at ‎50. ______ run in the hallways. It’s dangerous.‎ A. Don’t B. Can’t C. Mustn’t D. Aren’t ‎51. —What did you do last weekend? ‎ ‎—I was busy from Saturday morning to Sunday afternoon and _______ Sunday evening I watched TV. ‎ A. on B. at C. in D. ×‎ ‎52. Anderson is the _______ of the football team because he is the best player.‎ A. teacher B. captain C. friend D. classmate ‎53. —Can I help you? —____________.‎ A. I’d like some dumplings, please B. No, please C. Of course not. D. I can do it myself ‎54. I enjoy _______ your “What’s Cool?” article in the school magazine. ‎ A. seeing B. reading C. watching D. looking ‎55. My aunt has a ___________. ‎ A. five-years-old boy B. five-year old boy ‎ C. five-year-old boy D. five year old boy ‎ ‎56. —I like watching TV very much. How about you? ‎ ‎—_________. I watch it every night. ‎ A. I do, too B. I don’t, either C. Yes, I am D. No, I don’t ‎57. Wang Wang was lost in the park last month. Old Henry is very ______ because he has no dog and no family now.‎ A. glad B. excited C. sad D. interested ‎58. —Look at the sign. What does it mean? ‎ ‎— It means ________.‎ A. NO EATING FOOD B. NO SMOKING C. NO TALKING D. NO SPITTING ‎59. Lucy’s favorite TV show is Tell it like it is. She _______ it and hopes to join it one day.‎ A. can’t stand B. doesn’t mind C. enjoys D. doesn’t like ‎60. The girl ______ long hair is my cousin Maggie. ‎ A. has B. have C. in D. with ‎61. We are planning _______ one-day trip. ________ trip must be fun, I think.‎ A. a, The B. an, The C. the, A D. the, The ‎62. –What makes you so angry?‎ ‎ --I hear my neighbour _______ at midnight every day. I can’t sleep well at all.‎ A. sings B. singing C. to sing D. sing ‎63. They are ______ the lost boy in the whole city.‎ A. searching           B. searching for     C. search        D. search for ‎ ‎64. It’s important ________fish too much food.‎ A. to give B. giving C. not to give D. not give ‎65. We must __________children _______poisonous food.‎ A. keep, out of B. let, away of C. stop, to eat D. keep, away from ‎66. ______ do you pay ________ the beautiful dress?‎ A. How many, to B. How many, for ‎ C. How much, to D. How much, for ‎67. _____ useful idea!‎ A. What an B. What a C. How D. How a ‎68. ---Excuse me, look at the sign. It’s no-parking area.‎ ‎---Sorry, I see it.‎ A. don’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. won’t ‎69. ---May lives _______the second floor and Beth lives two floors ________her.‎ ‎---Yes, but they live in different__________.‎ A. on, over, buildings B. in, above, building ‎ C. in, over, buildings D. on, above, buildings ‎70. These aren’t his keys. His _______ on the desk.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎71. Who _______ Chinese last year?‎ A. teaches you B. taught your C. teaches your D. taught you ‎72. I’ll never forget those days that my daughter __________ 1 year ago.‎ A. was in hospital B. is in hospital ‎ C. was in the hospital D. is in the hospital ‎73. Fire _________ be very dangerous so we ___________ be careful with it.‎ A. could, must B. can, need C. can, may D. could, may ‎74. Their grandma is already _____.‎ A. 80-year-old B. 80-years-old C. 80 year old D. 80 years old ‎75. –Excuse me. Please tell me _______.‎ ‎ --There is a supermarket over there. You can get some there.‎ A. how I can find a supermarket B. where the supermarket is C. where I can buy some fruit D. where can I buy some fruit ‎76.My brother _______ rice or noodles.‎ A. likes B. like C. doesn’t like D. don’t like ‎77 I want to buy a big house _______ a small garden ‎ A. in B. on C. with D. and ‎78.My sister wants _____ an English teacher.‎ A. be B. to be C. to is D. is ‎79. My sister works _______ a hospital _______ our school.‎ A. in; on B. in; at C. in; near D. in, in ‎80.Do you like _____ the guitar？‎ A. play B. plays C. playing D. player ‎81. I’m hungry(饿了). I would like ________ a large bowl of dumplings.‎ A. have B. eat C. eating D. to eat ‎82. Jim is a waiter. So he is very busy _____ people go out _____.‎ A. what；dinners B. when；to dinners C. why；to dinners D. where；dinners ‎83. The pay phone is _____ Green Street and it’s across ______ the library.‎ A. in, to B. on, from C. at, through D. by, of ‎84. —______is Tokyo? ‎ ‎　 —It’s in Japan. ‎ A. What B. Who C. Which D. Where ‎ ‎85. — ______ your sister have a pen pal? ‎ ‎ —Yes, she ______.‎ ‎ A. Does, does B. Does, has C .Does, do D. Do, have ‎86. Thank you for _________me the good news A．tell B. to tell C． telling D．told ‎87.— ______is the new TV ? — ＄1000.‎ A. How many B. How much C. What D. How ‎88. —________do you want to be an actor? —It’s very interesting.‎ A. What B．When C． How D．Why ‎89.Listen ！Who _______ in the classroom ?‎ A. is singing B. sing C. sings D. singing ‎90. Can you _____ it in English ?‎ A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell ‎91. —Would you like some drink? — _______.‎ A. Here you are B. Yes, just a little ‎ C. Please give me some D. Yes, I like ‎92. ________late for school again.‎ A. Not B．Not be C．Don’t be D． Aren’t ‎93. —________noodles would you like? —I’d like beef noodles, please.‎ A. What kind of B．What size C. How many D．How much ‎94. There ______ orange juice in the bottle.‎ A. aren’t many B. aren’t much C. isn’t much D. isn’t many ‎95. Go straight and ___________left. The hospital is next to the post office.‎ A． turn B．take C．go D. come ‎96. I don’t go to school ________Sunday morning.‎ A. at B. on C. in D. for ‎97. The tall boy is good at_________ football.‎ A． play B．plays C．played D．playing ‎98. My friend ________a medium build and she ________medium height.‎ A．has, has B．is , is C．has, is D．is , has ‎99. —How was your vacation, Sarah? —________.‎ A. It’s pretty good B．It was pretty good C．It’s hot D．It was hot ‎100. — Henry, where ___ your pen pal come from?‎ ‎ —He is an Englishman，but he Beijing now.‎ ‎ A. does, lives B. do, live in C. does, lives in D. is, live