【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词 形容词和副词的原级 ‎1．用法 ‎(1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as” “as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”“as＋many/much＋复数名词/不可数名词＋as”的结构；‎ Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．＝Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)．‎ 亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。‎ It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.‎ 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。‎ ‎(2)表示双方不相等时，用“not so/as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”的结构；‎ Henry does not have so/as many books as I have.‎ 亨利的书不如我的多。‎ ‎[名师指津]　as＋形容词＋as＋数量词＝数量词＋形容词 The building is as tall as 100 meters.＝The building is 100 meters tall.‎ 这幢楼有‎100米高。‎ ‎2．as ...as结构前可用almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite等修饰，表示程度。‎ Let's walk. It's just as quick as taking the bus.‎ 咱们走路去吧，这和坐公共汽车去一样快。‎ 形容词和副词的比较级与最高级 ‎1．比较级与最高级的构成 ‎(1)规则变化：‎ 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 一般加er或est tall taller tallest 词和少数双音节词 strong stronger strongest 以不发音的e结尾的，只加r或st nice late nicer later nicest latest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或est big hot thin fat bigger hotter thinner fatter biggest hottest thinnest fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加er或est happy easy early happier easier earlier happiest easiest earliest 其他双音节词和多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult beautiful more ‎ difficult，‎ more ‎ beautiful most ‎ difficult，‎ most ‎ beautiful ‎[名师指津]　 有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, greatly, very等。‎ ‎(2)不规则变化：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest ‎[名师指津]　①farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。②elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。elder sister姐姐；elder brother哥哥。‎ ‎2．比较级的用法 ‎(1)比较级的常见结构 ‎①表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”结构。‎ This computer is less expensive than mine.‎ 这部电脑没有我的贵。‎ ‎②表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……就越……”。‎ The busier he is, the happier he feels.‎ 他越忙就越感到高兴。‎ ‎③不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。‎ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎④表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。‎ You are no taller than I.‎ 你和我一样矮。‎ ‎⑤“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两个中较……的那个”。‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。‎ ‎(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 I have never spent a more worrying day.‎ 这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。‎ Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.‎ 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。‎ ‎(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。‎ The students study even harder than before.‎ 学生们比以前学习更努力了。‎ ‎3．最高级的用法 ‎(1)(序数词＋)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class.‎ 她是我们班最活跃的学生。‎ ‎(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.‎ ‎＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.‎ 上海是我国最大的城市之一。‎ ‎(3)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。‎ I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.‎ 我想买便宜一点的照相机。‎ ‎[名师指津]　by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。‎ The book is better by far than that one.‎ 这本书要比那本书好得多。‎ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.‎ 他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。‎ ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even_______ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ 解析：worse　根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。‎ ‎②(2017·浙江高考)Sixteen years __________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.‎ 解析：earlier　固定表达sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。‎ ‎③(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________(great) and less importance.‎ 解析：greater　根据后面的“and less”可知，此处也要用比较级形式。‎ ‎④(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________(clean) than ever.‎ 解析：cleaner　从后面的“than”可知此处要用比较级，故填cleaner。‎ ‎⑤(2014·辽宁高考)The ________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.‎ 解析：harder　这里是“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故填harder。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.‎ 解析：earlier→early　get up early意为“早起”，句中没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。‎ ‎②(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.‎ 解析：worse→worst　由并列连词and前面的“the best”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式。‎ ‎③(2016·四川高考)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.‎ 解析：favoritest→favorite　favorite没有比较级和最高级。‎ ‎④(2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.‎ 解析：better→best　后面有表示范围的“in the world”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。‎ 倍数表达法 常用的倍数表达法：‎ Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.‎ 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。‎ The length of road is four times what it was three years ago.‎ 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。‎ 常见的易混词 beside在旁边(或附近)‎ besides 此外，而且 late迟的，晚的 later后来，以后 latest 最近的，最新的 ago以前(以现在为起点)‎ before以前(以过去为起点)‎ somewhere某处 everywhere到处 high 在高处；高 highly 高度地；很；非常 wide广阔地；充分地 widely广泛地；普遍地 deep深深地 deeply深刻地；深沉地 free免费地 freely自由地；畅通地 close接近；紧挨着 closely仔细地；紧密地 ‎ hard努力地 hardly几乎不 near在附近 nearly几乎，差不多 ‎[命题点感悟]　　考什么·考多少·怎么考 ‎ 单句改错 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.‎ 解析： late→later　“一段时间＋late”表示“迟到多长时间”；“一段时间＋later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.‎ 解析： Beside→Besides ‎　句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside“在……旁边”，是介词；besides“此外”，是副词。‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.‎ 解析：late→latest　根据语境可知，“the latest music albums”表示“最新的音乐专辑”，故应用latest。‎ ‎④(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.‎ 解析： before→ago　表示在说话时之前用ago；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用before。故before应改为ago。‎ ‎⑤(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, the plants are growing somewhere.‎ 解析： somewhere→everywhere　somewhere意为“某处”，而此处语境表示“植物到处生长”，故应用everywhere“到处”。‎ ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·河北邯郸大名一中模拟)Indeed, travelling around this country will truly (true) give you an amazing experience because of its interesting things offered to all types of tourists.‎ ‎2．In some_crowded (crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.‎ ‎3．(2018·河南南阳一中模拟)For example, it is thought that many physical problems and other conditions are made worse (bad) by an increased level of stress.‎ ‎4．Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them better (good)．‎ ‎5．The better we get into good eating habits, the_happier (happy) our life will become.‎ ‎6．(2018·湖北沙市中学模拟)How much more_beautiful (beautiful) she looked without her glasses!‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·河北邯郸模拟)However, just several days late, I began to feel tired ‎ and couldn't concentrate in class.‎ late→later ‎2．(2018·陕西西安长安一中模拟)The more I learn English, the easy it becomes.easy→easier ‎3．The government should close the city center to all traffic except buses and bikes, and build very larger car parks outside the town. larger→large ‎4．(2018·吉林长春模拟)Ehongbao is actual a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions.actual→actually ‎5．(2018·河南郑州模拟)Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.calmly→calm ‎6．Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.Beside→Besides Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句 ‎1．终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive, tired)‎ At_last,_we_arrived_home,_tired_and_hungry.‎ ‎2．我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill, better)‎ I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?‎ ‎3．我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)‎ I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.‎ ‎4．说着容易做着难。(carry out)‎ It's_easier_said_than_carried_out._‎ ‎5．现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment, by far)‎ At_the_moment,_learning_English_well_is_by_far_the_most_important_thing_for_you._‎ ‎6．而且，网络也起着重要作用。(play)‎ Moreover,_the_Internet_also_plays_an_important_part.‎ ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·佛山调研)High in thick bamboo forests in the misty, __1__ (rain) mountains of southwestern China __2__ (live) one of the world's rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these blackandwhite __3__ (relative) of bears survive in the wild.‎ Pandas eat almost nothing __4__ bamboo shoots and leaves. __5__ (occasion) they eat other plants, fish, or small animals, but bamboo accounts __6__ 99 percent of their diets. Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day __7__ (do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a __8__ (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not very nutritious. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lot — up to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hours — so they eat fast.‎ Pandas' molars (臼齿) are very broad and flat. The shape of these teeth helps the animals crush the bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems they eat. __9__ (get) the bamboo to their mouths, they hold the stems with their front claws, which have enlarged wrist bones that act as thumbs for grasping things. A panda should have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve. Pandas are shy; they never leave areas __10__ they live. This restricts pandas to very limited areas.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了中国国宝级珍稀动物——大熊猫。‎ ‎1．rainy　此处与misty并列修饰名词mountains，故应用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．lives　句子的主语为“one of the world's rarest mammals”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎3．relatives　relative为可数名词，且此处被these修饰，因此用复数形式。‎ ‎4．but　nothing but意为“除了……外什么也不”。‎ ‎5．Occasionally　此处作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．for　account for为固定搭配，意为“占(比例)”。‎ ‎7．doing　spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”。‎ ‎8．fifth　此处指五分之一，分母用序数词表示。‎ ‎9．To get　作目的状语应用动词不定式。‎ ‎10．where　先行词为areas，定语从句中关系词作地点状语，故用关系副词where。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·梅州模拟)I have been away from my hometown for more than ten years. I heard of that great changes have taken place here. In the past, there used ‎ to being a clear river running through it. People worked hard all year round but live a poor life. Now people's dream of living a richer life have come true. Tall buildings can be seen somewhere, but pollution is also becoming more seriously. To our happy, people have realized most important task is to protect the environment. I believe the future of your hometown will be better and better.‎ 答案：第二句：去掉of; here→there 第三句：being→be 第四句：live→lived 第五句：have→has 第六句：somewhere→everywhere; seriously→serious 第七句：happy→happiness; realized后加the 第八句：your→my