贵州思南县中学 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精编（二）

贵州思南县中学 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精编（二）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 贵州思南县中学 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精编（二） 【2016 高考训练】阅读理解—推理判断题。 Expensive perfumes(香水) come in tiny bottles, but many hide a whale-sized secret. To perfect a particular smell, perfume-makers often use an ingredient that comes from sperm whales, called ambergris. But using ambergris, which helps a perfume last longer, is strongly opposed by many people who think it is wrong to kill whales just so we can sweet, Joerg Bohlmann is neither a perfumer nor a whale expert, He's a plant biologist at the University of British Columbia in Canada. But his discovery of a new plant gene(基因) might push whales out of the perfume business. The gene comes from fir trees, found throughout North America and commonly used as Christmas trees. The trees produce a chemical that can be used in perfume in place of ambergris—but with a catch. “There's a problem that many people wouldn't consider. In the tree, the chemical is mixed with many others. That makes separation a challenge,” Bohlmann says.”It's like trying to isolate sugar from a biscuit.” This is where science becomes useful. When Bohlmann learned that fir trees produce the ambergris-like chemical, he decided to use his gene know-how to find the instructions for how to make the ambergris-substitute. Bohlmann found that gene and took it out of the tree cells. Then he did something that might sound strange to someone who doesn't work in genetics: Bohlmann put the gene from the tree into yeast(酵 母) cells. Yeast may sound familiar because it's used to make things like bread, wine and beer. Biologists like to work tith yeast because it easily adopts new genes and changes its features and behavior. When Bohlmann put the fir tree into the yeast, the yeast started making the same chemical that had seen produced by the tree. Perfumers pay big money for ambergris because it is a fixative, which means it holds a smell in place on a person's body. “Cheap perfumes smell good in the first hour or so and then everything it gone.” explains Bohlmann. “But expensive perfumes are much more stable. Their smell lasts much longer, for hours or even a day after you apply them.” The new chemical, made from the tree genes, can be used as a fixative, too. And using yeast to make it is far cheaper than acquiring ambergris. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 Bohlmann admits he never thought he'd get into the perfume business. But now, he says, producers have been calling to find out how to use his technology in mew perfumes. 1. It can be inferred from the passage that if a perfume contains ambergris, . A. Its user probably supports whale hunting B. Its smell will last for about an hour C. There will be a whale symbol on hour D. It is probably very expensive 2. The underlined expression “with a catch” in Paragrph 3 means . A. Being difficult to hold B. having a hidden problem C. needing further testing D. being too similar 3. According to the passage, why are yeast cells often used in genetic research? A. They can take on the characteristics of other genes B. They can reproduce much faster than other cells. C. They share some of the qualities of plant genes. D. They're much cheaper to use than ambergris. 4. What can we learn about Joerg Bohlmann from the passage? A. He is opposed to whale hunting. B. He made his discovery during Christmas. C. He has worked in the perfume industry for many years. D. He has previously done genetic esearch. 语篇解读 本文是一篇科普说明文。介绍了一种使香水香味持久的物质——龙涎香，因这一物质来自于鲸， 所以遭到人们的反对。科学家们发现一些树中的化学物质可以用来取代它，他们利用酵母菌成功制造出了这 些化学物质。 1. D 推理判断题。 根据第二段第二句以及倒数第三段可知，含有龙涎香的香水价格昂贵，故 D 项正确。 2. B 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“There's a problem that many people wouldn't consider.” 可知该 词组意为”有隐含的问题“， 故选 B 项正确。 3. A 细节理解题。根据第七段第二句可知，由于酵母菌容易吸收其他基因，并将目的基因成功表达出来， 故常被用于基因工程研究中，故 A 项正确。 4. D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句及第三段表达的语境可知，Joerg Bohlmann 已经意识到，这些树 中某些基因所产生的和其他物质可以被用于香水中以代替龙涎香，但是这些化学物质和其他物质混合在一起， 难以分离，故可以断定，Joerg Bohlmann 曾经做过基因研究，故 D 项正确。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 【2014 高考英语二模】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 Italy is one country where beauty is prized more than any other virtue. That is, except in the small town of Piobbico, the self-declared World Capital of Ugly People. The road sign at the edge of the town even warns visitors that they are entering the ugly zone. People who consider themselves ugly have been gathering in Piobbico since the 1960s. That’s when Ugly Club president Telesforo Lacobelli established a dating agency for women who believed they were too ugly to attract husbands. Lacobelli believes that he is ugly himself because he has a short nose in a country where long or large noses have always been considered beautiful. People from around the world travel to Piobbico to tell their sad stories of ugliness. During the annual Festival of the Ugly, which occurs on the first Sunday of every September, hundreds of people gather in Piobbico’s town square to elect the president of the Ugly Club. Lacobelli wins the election every year. The Ugly Club has over 20, 000 members. They carry ID cards that grade their ugliness from bearable to extreme. A prize is awarded to Ugly Club members who qualify as extremely ugly. The Ugly Club president insists that ugliness is a virtue. Since beautiful people get a lot of attention for their beauty alone, they have to work hard to prove their other virtues. Ugly people, on the other hand, are genuine and do not have to prove anything to anybody, according to Lacobelli. Lacobelli is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. He believes that the uglier one is, the better life can be. Though the club enjoys making fun of beauty, especially beauty contests, Lacobelli has a serious side as well. He believes that too many people suffer from financial and emotional pressures because they don’t meet society’s standards of beauty. The fact that beautiful people are more successful in the workforce is a problem that Lacobelli has attempted to bring forward to the Italian public and government. 51. Piobbico is rather special in that . A. it is a very small town B. it is home to ugly people C. it receives no visitors D. it is the capital of Italy 52. Telesforo Lacobelli started his dating agency about years ago. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 60 53. Why is Lacobelli elected the president of the Ugly Club every year? A. Because he is the ugliest person in the whole world. B. Because his ugliness is always graded as bearable. C. Because he is a spokesperson for ugly people everywhere. D. Because he has won the members’ trust and admiration. 54. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Ugly people are most respected in Italy. B. The Festival of the Ugly is held every two years. C. Ugly people are unfairly treated in society. D. The uglier one is, the better life he or she lives. 55. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The Ugly Capital of the World B. The Ugliest Person of the World C. Festival of the Ugly D. Beauty Contests Should be Banned 【参考答案】51-55BCDCA 阅读理解。 It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野) For Killing Wolves In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However．1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply． A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can’t find enough food，they die． If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)will disappear some day．And the wolves will．too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology．If 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．We’d also save some farm animals． In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population． Against Killing Wolves If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，the stories of the “big bad wolf'＂will not disappear． But the fact is wolves are afraid of people．and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young．or the sick and injured .The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature. Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance．The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life． The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs．the wolves can’t always find enough food .So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The “big bad wolf” has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next． ( ) 1. According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that ． A. there are too many wolves B. they kill large numbers deer C. they attack cows and chickens for food D. they destroy the wilderness plant life 选 D 根据文中小标题 For killing wolves 第一段第三行“so the wolf population has increased”第三 段第一句和第四段第一句话，可知选项 D 不是原因 ( ) 2. Some people are against killing wolves because ． A. wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness B. there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 C. there are too many deer in the wilderness D. wolves are afraid of people and never attack people 选 A 小标题 Against killing wolves 中第三段最后一句 ( ) 3. According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals， ． A. they never eat strong and healthy ones B. they always go against the law of nature C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness 选 C 小标题 Against killing wolves 中第二段最后两行可知强者生存，弱者淘汰是自然法则 ( ) 4. The last sentence “And everyone knows what happens next” implies that in such cases . A. farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away B. wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them C. wolves will find enough food sources on farms D. people will leave the areas where wolves can live 选 B 文中最后一段可知狼居住的地方被人类占据，它们就会跑到就近的农场等地吃人，那么人类就会反过 来杀死它们。 【2014 高考英语二模】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 In Los Angeles, drivers spend sixty-one hours every year stuck in traffic. These drivers know all too well how bad the traffic can be. "There're too many cars, and you can't move around a lot. " Professor Cyrus Shahabi also knows about traffic jams. He lives more than 65 kilometers from his office at the University of Southern Califomia,in Los Angeles. He is always late even with the help of a navigation(导航) system. He decided to develop a programme called ClearPath for that. He says his program uses historical data to predict traffic conditions even before the driver leaves the house. " What's unique is that we use a lot of data that's currently become available including traffic data,weather data,and we analyze that so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home. " 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 Professor Shahabi says his system does more than just respond to current traffic conditions. With ClearPath,he says,a driver can decide what time he wants to leave, and ClearPath will give the fastest route. It looks at the entire road network, including surface streets as well as highways,before the driver hits the road. Professor Shahabi hopes to have ClearPath available nationwide and overseas once they can collect traffic data from other cities. "I always thought that Los Angeles had the worst traffic, but now I know that Shanghai,Beijing,Seoul,Tokyo, believe it or not, Singapore, Hong Kong certainly are examples that can immediately use this. " Professor Shahabi hopes to share this new technology with companies that already have navigation systems, such as Google and Apple. 56. Drivers in Los Angeles were mentioned in order to______. A. show care for them B. introduce their life C. solve traffic problems D. raise the topic 57. What caused the professor to make his invention? A. Being late for work. B. His interest in cars. C. His curiosity in science. D. Making a lot of money 58. What is unique about ClearPath? A. It can use a lot of information all over the world. B. It can ensure that you will never be late for work. C. It helps drivers see clearly what happens on the road. D. It helps drivers know the road conditions ahead of time. 59. With ClearPath, you can_____. A. avoid traffic accidents B. decide when to leave C. collect data from other cities D. surf the Internet 60. What's Professor Shahabi's attitude toward his invention? A. Disappointed. B. Proud. C. Optimistic. D. Worried. 【参考答案】56-60DADBC