2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（1）人物型阅读理解

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项指导课件（1）人物型阅读理解

　阅读理解专项指导（一） 人物型阅读理解 　 人物型阅读理解 │ 专题导读 　　 人物类阅读属于记叙文文体，描写的都是比较有名的或有重大成就的人，如政治要人、艺术明星、体育明星等，内容主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。此类文体主要考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。 　 　专题导读 　　 做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂、题目不好做的感觉。做题时要注意以下几点：(1)理清事件的线索； (2)分析人物的个性特点； (3)把握记叙的顺序，看是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。 │ 专题导读 　　 [四川卷] 　　 I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I_was_treading_water,_just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn't think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. │ 真题典例 　真题典例 　　 I had enough savings to take a year off work, and I decided to try to satisfy a deepdown wish to write a novel. Attending a Novel Writing MA course gave me the structure I needed to write my first 55,000 words. 　　 It takes confidence to make a new start—there's a dark period inbetween where you're neither one thing nor the other. You're out for dinner and people ask what you do, and you're too ashamed to say, “Well, I'm writing a novel, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to get there.”My confidence dived. Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside. │ 真题典例 　　 Then I met an agent(代理商)who said I should send my novel out to agents. So, I did and, to my surprise, got some wonderful feedback. I felt a little hope that I might actually become a published writer and, after signing with an agent, I finished the second half of the novel. 　　 The next problem was finding a publisher. After twoandahalf years of no income, just waiting and wondering, a publisher offered me a book deal—that publisher turned out to be the one I once worked for. │ 真题典例 　　 It feels like an unbelievable stroke of luck—of fate, really. When you set out to do something different, there's no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract(合同)of the publisher—to be a published writer—is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)． 　　 1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean? 　　 A．I was waiting for good fortune. 　　 B．I was trying to find an admirable job. 　　 C．I was being aimless about a suitable job. 　　 D．I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time. │ 真题典例 　　 2. The author decided to write a novel________. 　　 A．to finish the writing course 　　 B．to realize her own dream 　　 C．to satisfy readers' wish 　　 D．to earn more money 　　 3. How did the writer feel halfway with the novel? 　　 A．Disturbed. B．Ashamed. 　　 C．Confident. D．Uncertain. │ 真题典例 　　 4. What does the author mainly want to tell readers in the last paragraph? 　　 A．It pays to stick to one's goal. 　　 B．Hard work can lead to success. 　　 C．She feels like being unexpectedly lucky. 　　 D．There is no end in sight when starting to do something. │ 真题典例 　　 【要点综述】文章讲述了作者从英语文学专业毕业之后，不知道自己想要做什么，几经周折，最终幸运地找到了自己喜爱的职业。 　　 1. C　推理判断题。根据前后文“but no sense of what I wanted to do”“just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, …then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job…”可知作者不知道自己想要做什么，什么工作适合自己。故选C。 　 │ 真题典例 　　 2. B　细节理解题。根据第二段“…I decided to try to satisfy a deepdown wish to write a novel.”可知作者决定写小说的目的只是满足自己内心深处的愿望，实现自己的梦想。故答案为B。 　　 3. D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It takes confidence to make a new start”“My confidence dived”“Believing my novel could not be published, I put it aside.”及本段叙述了作者回答别人问题时提到“…I'm writing a novel, but I'm not quite sure if I'm going to get there.”可知，此时作者的感觉应该是还不能完全确定是否还要继续写小说。故答案选D。 │ 真题典例 　　 4. A　推理判断题。本段作者表达刚刚开始时“there‘s no end in sight”到后来的“an unbelievable stroke of luck” “to be a published writer — is unbelievably rewarding(有回报的)”，想告诉读者，坚持自己的目标是值得的。B项“刻苦努力是成功之路”，不符合文章意思。C、D项停留于文章表面意思。故答案为A。 　 │ 真题典例 │ 新题预测 (一) 　　 As a preteen in New York, Whitney Johnson volunteered at soup kitchens and delivered clothes to the homeless. While at college, she started an Englishlanguage tutoring program for immigrant children. No one was surprised, then, when she chose to volunteer in an orphanage in Khayelitsha, one of South Africa's poorest areas, during her junior year abroad. 　新题预测 　　 At the orphanage, Johnson discovered most of the children infected with HIV at birth, many abandoned by parents too sick to care for them, or neglected by surviving relatives. Few were receiving the care needed to stay healthy. Many died. When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen. 　　 After graduation, Johnson began a fundraising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA, a nonprofit organization intended to provide services for HIVpositive (阳性的) kids aged 4 to 18 in Khayelitsha. Now UBA is housed in a church big enough for offices and the children. │ 新题预测 The staff includes counselors (咨询师), a social worker, a nurse, a cook, and a handful of volunteers, ensuring that each child has access to proper care, a free healthy meal, and emotional support. Once a week, she makes sure the children receive ageappropriate lessons about AIDS. The social worker sees to it that the kids are enrolled (注册) in school and have safe living conditions—especially those without parents. 　　 Johnson plans to soon relocate UBA to an even larger location with more medical staff and a field “so the kids can run around and just feel like kids”. │ 新题预测 She's also working with the South African Department of Health so that the new center can distribute drugs and give blood tests. 　　 “Many people think that HIV means death, but it doesn't，” Johnson says. “There's so much that can be done.” In the five years since the center opened, not one of the 200 kids in the program has died. “It's so emotional to see the strong, independent people they become.” One teenage girl who had received help at UBA even announced that she wanted to become a nurse. │ 新题预测 　 1. What is the text mainly about? A．A kind girl caring for children with HIV. B．A poor area stricken by poverty and disease. C．A nonprofit organization providing services for kids. D．Abandoned children infected with HIV. 　 2. After graduating from college, Whitney Johnson ________. A．volunteered at soup kitchens in New York B．went to study abroad for a year C．started an Englishlanguage tutoring program D．began collecting money to found UBA │ 新题预测 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Johnson infected with HIV at birth. B．Johnson opened UBA during her junior year. C．Johnson majored in English at college. D．Johnson began to volunteer at an early age. 4. According to the passage, UBA ________. A．distributes drugs and gives blood tests B．is located in South Africa C．is an orphanage in Khayelitsha D．trains girls to be nurses │ 新题预测 5. What can we learn from the passage? A．Kids in the UBA program are all without parents. B．The orphanage also provides school lessons for the kids. C．Johnson is happy about what she is doing. D．HIV can be cured with the help of UBA. │ 新题预测 　　 【要点综述】 Whitney Johnson从十几岁起至上大学期间就积极参加志愿者活动。国外留学毕业后回到非洲，筹款成立UBA，帮助染上HIV的孩子，并取得了很大成就。 　　 1．A　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，Whitney Johnson从十几岁起至上大学期间就积极参加志愿者活动。国外留学毕业后回到非洲，筹款成立UBA，帮助染上HIV的孩子，并取得了很大成就。因此正确选项为A。其余选项均为文中局部信息。 │ 新题预测 　　 2．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后“When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.”和第三段开头“After graduation, Johnson began a fundraising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA”可知，她毕业后筹款成立了UBA机构。因此正确选项为D。 　　 3．D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a preteen in New York, Whitney Johnson volunteered at soup kitchens and delivered clothes to the homeless.”可知Johnson从十几岁起就积极参加志愿者活动。因此正确选项为D。 │ 新题预测 　　 4．B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的信息：Johnson在非洲留学第三年时在南非最穷的地方之一Khayelitsha的一个孤儿院做志愿者工作及第二段最后“When she left, all she wanted to do was go back and change what she had seen.”第三段“After graduation, Johnson began a fundraising effort that eventually collected enough money to found UBA…Now UBA is housed in a church big enough for offices and the children”等信息可以推知UBA的地点就在南非。因此正确选项为B。 │ 新题预测 　　 5．C　推理判断题。文章最后一段说明了Johnson和她的UBA取得的成就。从Johnson的话“It's so emotional to see the strong, independent people they become”可知她对自己做的事情很满意。因此正确选项为C。 │ 新题预测 (二) 　　 He may not have learned to read or write until he is 91, but Jim Henry is becoming a literary star. 　　 Since the 98yearold Academy Point resident published his first book Jwa Fisherman's Language, in Nov., 2011, he and his family have been in a world of book printings, agents, publicity, and film rights. 　　 The book's first printings of 780 copies were sold out in just two weeks and 1,000 more arrived last week.A New York City film producer has contacted Henry and his family. │ 新题预测 　　 A German television station and a Greek newspaper are doing stories about him.There's an offer for an audio book.And people from not just around the country but the world have called and emailed wanting a book. 　　 When he was a thirdgrade student, his father made him and his brother quit school, so they could work odd jobs.Over the years, he hid his illiteracy (无学识) from friends and relatives by employing a variety of tricks, such as ordering what he heard someone else asked for when he went to a restaurant. │ 新题预测 　　 Then, seven years ago, at 91, Henry was inspired after learning about the story of George Dawson, the grandson of a slave who wanted to earn his high school diploma by learning how to read and write at 98.Dawson went on to write the book Life Is So Good. 　　 Henry began by reading books designed for firstgraders and spent countless hours practicing how to write, first the alphabet and his name, then small words.Mark Hogan, a retired East Lyme English teacher who is a volunteer, spent many hours with Henry helping him read and write and editing the book. │ 新题预测 1．Why did Jim Henry become famous? A．Because his story was written in a textbook. B．Because his book was translated into foreign languages. C．Because he published his first book at the age of 98. D．Because his story was spread widely online. 2．Why did Henry stop going to school in the third grade? A．He had to support his brother to study. B．He wasn't interested in studying at all. C．He was often laughed at by his classmates. D．He had to help support his family. │ 新题预测 3．What made Henry learn how to read and write again? A．The story of George Dawson. B．The book Life Is So Good. C．The requests of his family. D．The encouragement from Mark Hogan. 4．What can we learn from Henry's story? A．Knowledge is power. B．It's never too old to learn. C．You can't teach an old dog new tricks. D．A little learning is a dangerous thing. │ 新题预测 　　 【要点综述】 Jim Henry在91岁开始识字，在98岁出版了自己的书。这本以他个人经历写成的书一经出版便受到人们的追捧，甚至还受到好莱坞制片人的青睐。 　　 1．C　细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，Jim Henry因为在98岁时出版了Jwa Fisherman's Language而出名。 　　 2．D　细节理解题。文章第四段第一句说，三年级时，Jim Henry的父亲让他和弟弟辍学去打零工，由此可知D项正确。 │ 新题预测 　　 3．A　细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段Henry was inspired after learning about the story of George Dawson…可知，Jim Henry受到George Dawson的影响，而重新点燃了学习的激情。 　　 4．B　推理判断题。综合全文，Henry在91岁开始识字，在98岁出版了自己的书而且获得了巨大的成功，由此推断B项正确。C项“使年老守旧的人接受新事物是很难的”与文章传递的主题信息不相符。 │ 新题预测 │ 备用习题 (一) 　　 Before she appeared on the reality show(真人秀) Britain's Got Talent, Susan Boyle was just an ordinary middleaged British woman.Now all this is going to change. She lives in a house with her cat Pebbles in a tiny Scottish town.Because of learning difficulties, she doesn't have much education.But what she does have is a very good voice.As a kid, she sang in church and choirs and school plays.For a living, she sang at local pubs. 　备用习题 　　 When she took the stage on April 10th her hair was untidy and her clothes seemed just_one_step_up_from rags.The audience laughed at her. But then she opened her mouth.A few bars into the song and the laughing audience went silent.A beautiful voice was singing I Dreamed a Dream from the musical Les Miserables.Everyone was amazed.At the end of her song, the audience jumped to their feet and applauded wildly. Almost overnight, Susan became a household name.She won fans and millions of admirers.Her online videos have drawn over 85.2 million hits. │ 备用习题 　　 Susan's story proved the truth of an old saying: “Never judge the book by its cover.” Susan may look ordinary, and doesn't have much dress sense, but she can certainly sing. Susan's fans admire her courage, as much as they do her voice.She has experienced mockery and many disappointments, but her love for music has kept her going, which is worth anyone's respect. │ 备用习题 　　 1．According to the passage, Susan Boyle ________. 　　 A. is a famous young actress 　　 B. became famous after a show 　　 C. used to be a good student 　　 D. is good at dancing and has millions of admirers 　　 2．The underlined phrase “just one step up from” in the third paragraph probably means________. 　　 A. far from 　　　 B. close to 　　 C. different from D. the same as │ 备用习题 　　 3．The audience jumped and applauded wildly because________. 　　 A. her hair was untidy and her clothes seemed just one step up from rags 　　 B. she looked very funny 　　 C. she sang so well that everyone was amazed 　 D. she made a foolish mistake in the end │ 备用习题 4．Susan Boyle has many fans now because of ________. A. her beautiful face B. her knowing how to dress C. her good education D. her beautiful voice and courage 5．The passage is mainly about________， A．how to win fans B. how to sing well C. a woman's sudden success D. a woman's simple life │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 本文介绍了苏珊•波伊尔在英国著名电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》中一夜成名的故事。 　　 1．B　细节理解题。根据第四段“Almost overnight, Susan became a household name.”可知苏珊•波伊尔在电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》的一次演出后就一夜成名，故选B项。 　　 2．B　词义猜测题。根据文中的“her hair was untidy”和“The audience laughed at her”可知她的穿着不好，接近于破烂(rags)，故选B项。 │ 备用习题 　　 3．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“A beautiful voice was singing I Dreamed a Dream from the musical Les Miserables.Everyone was amazed.At the end of her song, the audience jumped to their feet and applauded wildly”可知，人们欢呼鼓掌是因为她确实唱得太好了，故选C项。 　　 4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Susan's fans admire her courage, as much as they do her voice…but her love for music has kept her going, which is worth anyone's respect.”可知人们是因为她动听的歌声和坚韧的勇气而迷恋她，故选D项。 　 │ 备用习题 　　 5．C　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍苏珊•波伊尔在电视选秀节目《英国达人秀》的一次演出后就一夜成名，故选C项。 │ 备用习题 (二) 　　 Down on the beach of Dover,56yearold Channel swimmer Jackie Cobell bravely set off for Calais.The time was 6：40 am.28 hours and 44 minutes later the exhausted，successful mother from Kent crawled (爬行) to the shore and walked proudly into the record books.After five years in training，Mrs.Cobell became the slowest person to cross the Channel under her own steam.The previous record for the slowest crossing，set by Henry Sullivan at 26 hours and 50 minutes，has stood for 87 years before Mrs.Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning. She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first │ 备用习题 one way，then the other.It turned the 21mile crossing into a 65mile one.She declared，“Time and tide wait for no man—and they certainly didn't wait for me.I was fully expecting it to get dark before I got to Calais but I never imagined I'd also see the dawn again.But I wasn't going to give up.” 　　 Her feat(壮举) raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship for research into Huntingdon's disease，a sum that was continuing to grow as news of her achievement spread.That was why she did it.“I don't really know myself，” she said.“I just kept thinking of all the people I'd be letting down if I stopped.” │ 备用习题 　　 Mrs.Cobell took to the water so well at school.But after bringing up two daughters，she started to gain weight.Five years ago she took up swimming again and decided to prepare for the Channel challenge to lose weight.She became much fitter.Then came the big swim.“I practiced on Windermere Lake，” she said.“It's about half the distance of the Channel so I just doubled it，added some extra time，and worked out I could probably get to Calais in about 16 hours.” 　　 Her husband David，trainer，official observer and friend sailed alongside her on a boat.She said，“I sang to keep myself going.When they told me I was a record breaker I thought they │ 备用习题 were just having a joke—until I realized it was the record for the slowest crossing.But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker.” 　　 1．Which of the following is RIGHT according to the passage? 　　 A．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel in order to set a slowest record. 　　 B．Mrs.Cobell raised $2,000 in all. 　　 C．Mrs.Cobell used to swim very well. 　　 D．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel in a day. │ 备用习题 2．According to Paragraph 1，Mrs.Cobell________. A．started to learn swimming five years ago B．arrived at Calais on late Sunday morning C．wanted to break the record for the slowest crossing D．was too exhausted to move after crossing the Channel 3．Why did Mrs.Cobell spend so much time crossing the Channel? A．Because the tides changed her direction. B．Because she was not in good condition. C．Because she wasn't good at swimming. D．Because the winds kept her from swimming fast. │ 备用习题 4．Mrs.Cobell crossed the Channel for the main purpose of________. A．taking a risk B．losing more weight C．raising money for charity D．becoming famous worldwide 5．How did Mrs.Cobell feel about the record she set? A．Dissatisfied B．Excited C．Annoyed 　 D．Proud │ 备用习题 　　 【要点综述】 为了给慈善事业募捐， 英国56岁的老妇横渡英吉利海峡，意外的是，她创造了最慢的纪录。 　　 1．C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mrs. Cobell took to the water so well at school.”可知答案。 　　 2．B　推理判断题。根据第一段“The time was 6：40 am.28 hours and 44 minutes later”和“Mrs. Cobell started at Dover Saturday morning”可判断。 　　 3．A　细节理解题。根据第二段“She had struggled through changing tides that swept her first one way, then the other”可知。 │ 备用习题 　　 4．C　细节理解题。根据第三段“Her feat (壮举) raised more than $2,000 in charity sponsorship” 和“ That was why she did it”可知。 　　 5．A　推理判断题。 根据最后一段“But maybe next time I might be a bit quicker ”可推断，她对这个纪录不满意。 │ 备用习题 (三) 　　 He’s an old cobbler(修鞋匠)with a shop in the Marais, a historic area in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he at first told me：“I haven’t time. Take them to the other fellow on the main street; he’ll fix them for you right away.” But I’d had my eyes on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench loaded with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a skilled craftsman(手艺人). “No，”I replied，“the other fellow can’t do it well. ” │ 备用习题 　　 “The other fellow” is one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys “whileUwait”—without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys. They work carelessly, and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap(鞋带)you might as well just throw away the pair. 　　 The man saw I wouldn’t give in, and he smiled. He wiped his hands on his blue apron(围裙)，looked at my shoes, had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said. “Come back in a week.” 　　 I was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf. │ 备用习题 　　 “See what I can do? ” he said with pride. “Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work. ” 　　 When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand new to me. 　　 　　 He_was_something_out_of_an_ancient_legend,_ this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from whoknowswhere and, above all, his pride in his craft. │ 备用习题 　　 These are times when nothing is important but the bottom line, when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”， when, in short, people look on work as a path to everincreasing consumption(消费)rather than a way to realize their own abilities. In such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. 　　 1．Which of the following is TRUE about the old cobbler? 　　 A．He was equipped with the best repairing tools. 　　 B．He was the only cobbler in the Marais. 　　 C．He was proud of his skills. 　　 D．He was a native Parisian. │ 备用习题 　　 2．The underlined part “He was something out of an ancient legend”(Paragraph 7)implies that________. 　　 A．nowadays you can hardly find anyone like him 　　 B．it was difficult to communicate with this man 　　 C．the man was very strange 　　 D．the man was too old 　　 3．According to the author, many people work just to________. 　　 A．realize their abilities 　　 B．gain happiness 　　 C．make money 　　　　　 D．gain respect │ 备用习题 　　 4．This story wants to tell us that________. 　　 A．craftsmen make a lot of money 　　 B．whatever you do, do it well 　　 C．craftsmen need selfrespect 　　 D．people are born equal │ 备用习题 　　 [解析] 　　 1．C　细节理解题。结合倒数第三段中的内容以及倒数第二段后半部分的内容可知修鞋匠为自己精湛的技艺感到骄傲。 　　 2．A　推理判断题。从文章第三段及第七段的内容可知大多数修鞋匠只是敷衍了事，而这位老修鞋匠全神贯注于自己的工作，为自己的技艺而骄傲，犹如古代的传说，由此可推断如今像他这样的人几乎找不到了。 　 │ 备用习题 　　 3．C　推理判断题。最后一段提到只要有报酬，就有人去做，人们把工作看作是通往不断增加的消费的一条路，而不是实现自身能力的一种方式，由此可推断很多人工作只是为了“赚钱”。 　　 4．B　主旨大意题。文章最后一句点明了主题，老修鞋匠把自己的工作完成得很好，从中获得了最大的满足，所以本文的主旨是不管做什么，都要把它做好。 │ 备用习题