【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致学案讲与练（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致学案讲与练（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致学案讲与练 一﹑导入：在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。‎ 二﹑知识点回顾：‎ ‎（一）、语法一致原则 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。‎ 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ His father is working on the farm. ‎ To study English well is not easy. ‎ What he said is very important for us all.‎ The children were in the classroom two hours ago.‎ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.‎ 注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。‎ What I bought were three English books.‎ What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.‎ ‎2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。‎ Lucy and Lily are twins. ‎ She and I are classmates.‎ The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. ‎ Both she and he are Young Pioneers.‎ 注意：‎ ‎（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。‎ The writer and artist has come. ‎ ‎（2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a （an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ Every student and every teacher was in the room. ‎ No boy and no girl likes it.‎ ‎3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。‎ Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.‎ Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.‎ She, like you and Tom, is very tall. ‎ ‎4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。‎ Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.‎ 注意：‎ （１） 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。‎ Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. ‎ ‎（2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。‎ None of us has （have） been to America.‎ ‎5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.‎ He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.‎ 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。‎ Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.‎ 注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。‎ The police are looking for the lost child.‎ 6. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。‎ There are a lot of people in the classroom. ‎ The rest of the lecture is wonderful.‎ ‎50% of the students in our class are girls.‎ 注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；‎ the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。‎ 7. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。‎ There comes the bus. ‎ On the wall are many pictures.‎ Such is the result. ‎ Such are the facts. ‎ ‎（二）、逻辑意义一致原则 ‎ 逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。‎ 1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。‎ Which is your bag？ ‎ Which are your bags？‎ All is going well. ‎ All have gone to Beijing.‎ 1. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，‎ Thirty minutes is enough for the work.‎ 2. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 ‎ ‎“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. ‎ 3. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数）。‎ One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.‎ ‎5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。‎ Twelve plus eight is twenty. ‎ Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.‎ 6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ The paper works was built in 1990.‎ I think physics isn’t easy to study.‎ 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。‎ My glasses are broken. ‎ The pair of shoes under the bed is his.‎ 8. ‎“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 ‎ The poor live in the downtown.‎ ‎（三）、就近一致原则 ‎ 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。‎ 1. 当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。‎ Either the teacher or the students are our friends. ‎ Neither they nor he is wholly right.‎ Is neither he nor they wholly right？‎ 1. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。‎ There are two chairs and a desk in the room.‎ 注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。‎ Ø 主谓一致的易错点归纳 ‎1.数量词+名词结构的主谓一致 ‎（1）“a number/numbers of+可数名词复数” 结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多……”；而 ‎“the number of+可数名词复数” 结构意为“……的数目”，它在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ A number/Numbers of accidents have occurred. 发生了许多事故。 The number of jobless people grows. 失业人数在增加。 ‎（2）“an amount of+不可数名词”结构意为 “许多……”，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式；‎ ‎“the amount of+不可数名词” 结构意为 “……的数目”，它在句中作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。但“amounts of+不可数名词” 结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥耗资巨大。 （３） 数量词quantity, number和amount都可以由形容词great,large,small,vast等修饰。‎ a large number of students(大量的学生)。‎ ‎2.修饰词+多个名词结构 在主谓一致问题中， “every...and(every)...” “each...and(each)...”，“no...and(no)...”等结构后加多个名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 No teacher and (no) student is going.‎ 老师和学生都不去。 Each boy and (each) girl is treated in the same way. 男孩和女孩被用同样的方式对待。 另外， “many a+可数名词单数”，“more than one+可数名词单数”等结构作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数形式。‎ More than one person has been concerned in this. 这件事情牵涉到的不止一个人。（该句相当于 More persons than one have been concerned in this.）‎ Many a member has protested against the proposal. 许多成员反对这个建议。（该句相当于A great/good many members have protested against the proposal.） 1. when/ where/what/how/why + to do/ 从句结构 （１） 若“when/ where/what/how/why +从句1+and+ when/ where/what/how/why +从句2”作主语，那么，谓语动词应为复数形式。‎ When she will arrive and why she comes here are still a mystery.‎ ‎（2）“when/ where/what/how/why and when/ where/what/how/why + to do”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；‎ When and where to have the meeting is under discussion.‎ ‎（3）“when/ where/what/how/why + to do+ and+ when/ where/what/how/why + to do”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。‎ When to have the meeting and where to have it haven’t been decided yet.‎ ‎（4）单个的非谓语动词或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，‎ What she wants is unknown.‎ 三．专题讲解 ‎ ‎1、Nothing but cars in the shop.‎ ‎ A．is sold B．are sold C．were sold D．are going to sell ‎2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.‎ ‎ A．know B．knows C．is knowing D．are known ‎3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．comes D．are coming ‎4、 of the money used up.‎ ‎ A．Three-five, are B．Three-fifths, have been ‎ C．Three-fifths, has been D．Third-fifths, is ‎5、The number of the people who cars increasing.‎ ‎ A．owns, are B．owns, is C．own, is D．own, are ‎6、One of Marx’s works written in English in the 1860s.‎ ‎ A．was B．were C．would be D．are ‎7、The sheets for your bed washing.‎ ‎ A．needs B．are needing C．want D．are wanting ‎8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.‎ ‎ A．stands B．grow C．is standing D．are grown ‎9、Some person calling for you at the gate.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．is being D．will be ‎10、All that can be eaten eaten up.‎ A．are being B．has been C．had been D．have been ‎11、Tom’s teacher and friend Mr. Smith.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．are being D．has ‎12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.‎ ‎ A．doesn’t fit B．don’t fit C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for ‎13、Neither he nor I for the plan.‎ ‎ A．am B．are C．is D．were ‎14、Many a student that mistake before.‎ ‎ A．has made B．have made C．has been made D．had made ‎15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．were D．seems ‎16、Laying eggs the ant queen’s full-time job.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．has D．have ‎17、Between the two buildings a monument.‎ ‎ A．stand B．stands C．standing D．is standing ‎18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.‎ ‎ A．am B．is C．are D．was ‎19、The United Nations in 1945.‎ ‎ A．were found B．were founded C．was founded D．was found ‎20、 were also invited to the party.‎ ‎ A．Mr Smith B．The Smith C．The Smiths D．Smiths ‎21、The glass works in 1959.‎ ‎ A．were set up B．was set up C．were put up D．were built ‎22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.‎ ‎ A．seem B．seems C．is seeming D．has seemed ‎23、It was reported that six including a boy.‎ ‎ A．was killed B．were killed C．was killing D．had killed ‎24、The police a prisoner.‎ ‎ A．is searching for B．are searching forC．is searching D．are searched for ‎25、Deer faster than dogs.‎ ‎ A．run B．runs C．are running D．will run ‎26、The wounded good care of here now.‎ ‎ A．is taken B．are being taken C．are taking D．is taking ‎27、The whole class greatly moved at his words.‎ ‎ A．was B．were C．had D．is ‎28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．are D．will be ‎29、There a knife and fork on the table.‎ ‎ A．seems to be B．seem to be C．is seeming to be D．are ‎30、Those who singing may join us.‎ ‎ A．are liking B．likes C．enjoy D．is fond of ‎31、His family music lovers.‎ ‎ A．all are B．are all C．is D．are being ‎32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．were D．had been ‎33、The pair of shoes worn out.‎ A．was B．were C．have been D．had been ‎34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.‎ ‎ A．have B．has C．had D．are having ‎35、More than one answer to the question.‎ ‎ A．have been given B．has been given C．were given D．had given ‎36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. A．are B．is C．were D．was ‎37、Our family a happy one.‎ ‎ A．is B．are C．was D．were ‎38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.‎ ‎ A．were made B．are made C．has been made D．were making ‎39、Most of his time in reading novels.‎ ‎ A．are spent B．is spent C．were spent D．was spending ‎40、The rest of the novel very interesting.‎ ‎ A．were B．are C．is D．seem ‎41、I know that all getting on well with her.‎ ‎ A．was B．is C．are D．were ‎42、When and where this took place still unknown.‎ ‎ A．are B．were C．is D．has ‎43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.‎ ‎ A．are B．were C．is D．has ‎44、Very few his address in the town.‎ ‎ A．knows B．know C．are knowing D．has known ‎45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.‎ ‎ A．are B．is C．were D．seem ‎46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.‎ ‎ A．were B．are C．is D．seem to be ‎47、Nine plus three twelve.‎ ‎ A．makes B．make C．is making D．are making ‎48、There are two roads and either to the station.‎ ‎ A．leads B．lead C．are leading D．is leading ‎49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.‎ ‎ A．have been B．has been C．had been D．will be ‎50、My family as well as I glad to see you.‎ ‎ A．am B．are C．is D．Was ‎2011-2000高考真题 ‎1.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. ‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎ ‎2.One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______ black people. ‎ A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is ‎3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress. ‎ A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn ‎4.Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. ‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have 5. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand. ‎ ‎ A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are ‎6.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990. ‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎ 7. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America. ‎ ‎ A.are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was ‎ ‎8.Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. are B. is C. have D. be ‎9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.‎ A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to ‎10.—Did you go to the show last night? ‎ ‎ —Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area invited. ‎ ‎ A. were B. have been ‎ C. has been D. was 11. A survey of the opinions of experts that three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for one’s health. ‎ A. show; are B. shows; is C .show; is D. shows; are 12. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks so small that a day is unimportant. ‎ A. is B. are C. has been D. have been ‎13.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . ‎ ‎ A.need repairing B.needs to repair  C.needs repairing D.need to repair ‎14.A survey of the opinions of experts     that three hours of outdoor exercise a week     good for one’s health. ‎ ‎ A. show; are    B. shows; is    C. show; is    D. shows; are 15. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.  ‎ ‎ A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided 16. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long. ‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were ‎17.Most of what has been said about the Smiths also true of the Johnsons. ‎ A. are B. is C. being D. to be ‎18.A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. ‎ A.is B.are C.was D.were 19. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. ‎ ‎ A. is going   B. go   C. goes    D. are going 20. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the ‎ clothing industry. ‎ ‎ A. is working      B. works      C. work       D. worked 19. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.‎ ‎ A. work B. working C .is working D. are working ‎22.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. ‎ A. is washing away B .is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away ‎23.The country life he was used to ______ greatly since 1992.　 ‎ ‎  A. change  B. has changed   C. changing   D. have changed ‎24.No one in the department but Tom and I ____ that the director is going to resign.  ‎ ‎  A. knows   B. know   C. have known   D. am to know ‎25.All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home. ‎ A. encourages  B. encourage  C. is encouraged   D. are encouraged 26. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.  ‎ ‎ A. was            B. were          C. had been       D. would be ‎ ‎27.She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ___ 50 million.‎ ‎  A. have reached         B. has reached              C. are reaching        D. had reached ‎28.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________ yet. ‎ ‎  A. are not decided   B. have not been decided     C. is not being decided   D. has not been decided ‎29.--- How are the team playing? ‎ ‎ --- They’re playing well, but one of them         hurt. ‎ ‎ A. got       B. gets   C. are     D. were ‎30.He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.  ‎ ‎ A. is     B. are    C. have been    D. has been ‎31.As a result of destroying the forest, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. ‎ ‎  A. number, has B. quantity, has C. number, have D. quantity, have ‎32.Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. ‎ ‎ A. is used    B. are used C. has been used    D. have been used ‎33.All the preparations for the task ______, and we are ready to start. ‎ ‎  A. completed  B. complete  C. had been completed   D. have been completed ‎ ‎34._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.  ‎ ‎  A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are　‎ ‎35.I told him what I was surprised _____ his attitude towards his study. ‎ ‎   A. is    B. was     C. at is     D. at was ‎【答案】：‎ ‎ 1、A 因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解4。‎ ‎ 2、B 同上 3、B 见讲解2。 4、C 见讲解16。‎ ‎ 5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。‎ ‎ 6、A 见讲解1。 7、C 见讲解2。 8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。‎ ‎ 9、B some person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。‎ ‎ 10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。‎ ‎ 11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。 见讲解5。‎ ‎ 12、B 根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因 此主语是复数。‎ ‎ 13、A neither…nor…连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。‎ ‎ 14、A 见讲解6。 15、A 见讲解4。 16、A 见讲解1，动名词作主语。 17、B 倒装，见讲解3。 18、A 见讲解9。 19、C 见讲解11。‎ ‎ 20、C 因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。‎ ‎ 21、B works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。 22、B 见讲解10。‎ ‎ 23、B six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。 24、B 见讲解17。‎ ‎ 25、A deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面的deer应是复数（单 数前应有a）。 26、B 见讲解14。 27、B 见讲解12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。 28、C 见讲解18。 29、A 见讲解5。刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数。 30、C 见讲解9。 31、B 见讲解12。 32、C 见讲解4，注意与第11题比较。 ‎ ‎33、A 因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。‎ ‎ 34、A 因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词则用 第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.‎ ‎ 35、B 此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。‎ ‎ 36、B 根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句 的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B 是唯一正确答案。 ‎ ‎37、A 见讲解12。 38、A 见讲解2。39、B 见讲解16。‎ ‎ 40、C 这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数。‎ ‎ 41、C 见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。‎ ‎ 42、C 见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。‎ ‎ 43、C 见讲解15。 44、B few在此代人，是复数。 45、B 见讲解10。‎ ‎ 46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 见讲解7。 49、B 见讲解4。 50、B ‎2011-2000高考真题 ‎1-5: DABCA 6-10: CBBAD 11-15: BAABA 16-20: DBACC ‎ ‎21-25: DDBAD 26-30: ABDAD 31-35: BCDCD