内蒙古自治区赤峰二中2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

内蒙古自治区赤峰二中2019-2020学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试题

赤峰二中 2019-2020 学年高二年级第一次月考 英语试题 第一部分 基础知识（共一节，满分 30 分） 阅读下列各题，从每题所给 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 1.The key to ________ the problem is to meet the demands ________ by the customers. A. solving; making B. solving; made C. solve; making D. solve; made 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：解决问题的关键是满足顾客的需求。the key to 中的 to 是 介词，接动名词作宾语；demands 与 make 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分 词作后置定语，故 B 项正确。 2.One of the meteor (陨石) pieces was found to have crashed into a frozen lake, ________ a six-meter wide hole. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一颗陨石碎片被发现坠入冰冻的湖中，留下一个 6 米 宽的洞。One of the meteor pieces 与 leave 之间是主动关系，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表 示一种自然而然的结果，故 B 项正确。 3.Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the world’s first ecosystem ______ because of global warming. A. to disappear B. disappearing C. disappeared D. having disappeared 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家警告说，由于全球变暖，珊瑚礁很可能成为世界上 第一个消失的生态系统。当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语，故 A 项正 确。 4.________ by feelings of loneliness, I started crying. A. Frustrating B. To be frustrated C. Frustrated D. Having frustrated 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孤独感使我沮丧，我开始哭泣。I 与 frustrate 之间是逻辑 上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作状语，故 C 项正确。 5.Many parents happily paid a lot of money, only ______ the tours were not rewarding enough for their children. A. finding B. found C. to find D. have founding 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多父母高兴地付了很多钱，结果发现这些旅行对他们的 孩子没有足够的回报。only+不定式表示一种出乎意料的不好结果，故 C 项正确。 6.More than 20 people believed______ bush-fires in Australia’s New South Wales have been caught by the police. A. starting B. to start C. started D. to have started 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据信在澳大利亚新南威尔士州引发丛林大火的 20 多人已 被警方抓获。be believed to do 表示“据信……”，“引发丛林大火”发生在“据信”之前， 所以用不定式的完成式，故 D 项正确。 7.It remains ______whether or not she was lying. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她是否在撒谎，还有待观察。remain to do 表示“有待要 做某事”，真正主语whether or not she was lying 与 see 之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被 动式，故 B 项正确。 【点睛】本题的解题关键有两点：首先确定 remain to do 表示“有待要做某事”，事情还未 发生；其次是弄清句子结构：it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 whether or not she was lying 与 see，与非谓语表示的动作之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式。 8.______ a child star can be a bad thing as well as a gift. A. Being B. To be C. Been D. Having been 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：成为童星既是坏事也是好事。作主语用动名词，D 项非谓 语表示的动作或状态完成在谓语动词之前，不合题意，故 A 项正确。 9.Some 76,300 high school students went abroad for their education, ______ 23 percent of all the Chinese students studying abroad. A. taking up B. taken up C. to take up D. having taken up 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：约有 76300 名高中生出国接受教育，占中国留学生总数的 23%。76,300 high school students 与 take up 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分 词作状语，非谓语表示的动作与谓语动作是同时发生的，故 A 项正确。 10.At about 7 pm, I finally arrived at my subway station, ______ and aching. A. tiring B. being tired C. tired D. having been tired 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词作状语。句意：晚上 7 点左右，我终于到了地铁站，又累又痛。此处说 明主语的状态，用形容词作状语，tired 是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，表示“累的”，故 C 项正确。 11.I would like to get this matter ________ by the end of this month. A. settling B. to settle C. settle D. settled 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想在这个月底之前解决这件事。此处为“get +宾语+宾 补”结构，matter 与 settle 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作宾补，故 D 项正确。 12.______ with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young, Pi knows how to keep them under control. A. Growing up B. Having grown up C. Grown up D. Being grown up 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮知道如何控 制它们。 Pi 与 grow up 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且 grow up 这一动作明显发生在 “knows”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故 B 项正确。 13.What he said was beyond my expectation and I found myself ______ straight at him. A. staring B. stared C. to stare D. having stared 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他说的话出乎我的意料，我发现自己直盯着他看。find sb doing 表示“发现某人正在做某事”，故A 项正确。 14.______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood. A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭 当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故 C 项正确。 15.Three officials ______ in the “Golden Rice” test on school children have been fired. A. involving B. involved C. to involve D. having involved 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：三名参与对学童进行黄金大米测试的官员已经被解雇。be involved in 表示“参与”，此处去掉be 作后置定语，故 B 项正确。 16.Eventually, he regretted ______ school and decided to go back. A. being left B. left C. to leave D. having left 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，他后悔离开学校并决定返回校园。regret doing 表 示“后悔做某事”，leave 这一动作发生在 regretted 和 decided 之前，所以用动名词的完成式 作宾语，故 D 项正确。 17.In the study, 145 people ______ between 19 and 32 were asked to list as many unusual uses as possible for everyday objects. A. aging B. age C. aged D. being aged 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，145 名年龄在 19 到 32 岁之间的人被要求 列出尽可能多的日常用品的不寻常的用途。people 与 age 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被 动，用过去分词作后置定语，故 C 项正确。 18.Do you often have trouble ______ a comfortable position in bed? A. finding B. found C. to find D. find 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你经常在床上找不到舒服的姿势（躺着）吗？have trouble (in) doing 表示“做某事有困难”，故A 项正确。 19.______ that he didn’t pass the exam, he felt extremely sad. A. Telling B. Having told C. To be told D. Having been told 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：听说他考试不及格，他感到非常难过。he 与 tell 之间是被 动关系，而且 tell 这一动作发生在 felt 之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作状语，故 D 项 正确。 20.The airport ______ next year will have the capacity to handle 500,000 passengers. A. to be completed B. being completed C. completed D. having been completed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明年建成的机场能容纳 50 万名乘客。根据“next year” 可知，动作发生在将来，而且表示被动，应该用不定式的被动形式作后置定语，故 A 项正 确。 21.The mother was angry because her 10-year-old son wasn’t allowed ______ water in class. A. drinking B. to drink C. drink D. drunk 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位母亲很生气，因为她 10 岁的儿子不被允许在课堂上 喝水。be allowed to do sth.表示“被允许做某事”，故B 项正确。 22.Keep me ______ of how the project is going, OK? A. inform B. informed C. informing D. being informed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随时告诉我项目进展如何，好吗？keep sb informed of 表 示“让某人知道……”，sb 与 inform 是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，故 B 项正确。 23.______ from his expression, he must have enjoyed his meal. A. Judging B. Judged C. Judge D. Having judged 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他的表情来看，他一定很喜欢这顿饭。Judging from 放 在句首作状语是固定结构，表示“从……上判断”，故A 项正确。 24.______ at the paper full of crosses, he was shocked and speechless. A. Staring B. Stared C. Having stared D. To Stare 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他盯着满是十字架的纸，震惊得说不出话来。he 与 stare 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，非谓语表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，所以用现 在分词作伴随状语，故 A 项正确。 25.______ the project, they decided to stay there for another week. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有完成这个项目，他们决定在那里再干一周。they 与 complete 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，complete 这一动作 发生在 decided 之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作原因状语，否定词 not 放在最前面，故 C 项正确。 26.The parents suggested ______ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. slept 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父母建议在旅馆房间睡觉，但他们的孩子渴望在旅行中露 宿。suggest doing 表示“建议做某事”，故C 项正确。 27.The question of whether ______ a picnic was still under discussion. A. to have B. having C. have D. had 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：是否去野餐的问题还在讨论中。用不定式表示还未发生的 动作，whether to do 表示“是否要做……”，故A 项正确。 28.When ______, the library will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：建成后，图书馆将于明年向公众开放。在 when 引导 的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有 be 的某种形式时，可省略从句的主 语和 be，library 与 complete 之间是被动关系，本句的完整形式为 When it is completed，相当 于省略了 it is，故 A 项正确。 29.While watching television, ________. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 考查状语从句的省略和宾语补足语 【详解】句意：当看电视的时候，我们听见门铃响了。“while”后接的是现在分词短语，在 句中作状语，它逻辑上的主语应该是人，所以可以先排除 A、B 两项；又因为 hear 后接复 合宾语时，这个复合 宾语应包含一个省略 to 的动词不定式或现在分词短语。所以本题选 D 项。 30.It says that people can say anything they want without ______ by the government, as long as they are not encouraging crime or making true threats. A. punishing B. punished C. being punished D. to be punished 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它表示，只要人们不鼓动犯罪或制造真正的威胁，他们想 说什么就说什么，而不必受到政府的惩罚。without 后接动名词作宾语，they 与 punish 之间 是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动式作宾语，故 C 项正确。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A BIG DAY OUT Home to Scotland's national maritime (海事的) collection, the award winning Scottish Maritime Museum makes a great day out, with so much to do: ● Explore tools and tales across the big Linthouse, a former shipyard (造船厂) building. ● See historic ships such as Garnock & Carola, a steam boat built in 1898. ● Test a model boat on our indoor boating pond or sail your own on our outdoor boating pond. ● Learn about Scotland's importance to maritime history, and about the people that built and sailed Scottish ships around the world. Irvine public tours Leaving the Linthouse three times a day and lasting about 75 minutes, you will visit the 1920s Tenement Flat and take a step back in time in a typical (典型的) shipyard worker's home. Then, weather permitting, you can experience life at sea onboard MV Kyles, the oldest Clyde-built boat still in service in the UK. Getting here: By rail: five minutes’ walk from Irvine Railway Station By road: From the A77, take the A71 and follow the brown signs to the Harbourside and the Maritime Museum. (FREE PARKING) By bus: No 11 from Ardrossan, Saltcoats, Stevenson, Kilwinning, Irvine and Kilmarnock; No 585 from Ayr, Irvine and Greenock; X34 from Irvine, Beith and Glasgow; 14A Service from Troon all have convenient bus stops nearby. By sea: We have our own spot in Irvine harbour that visitors can use. Pre-booking is needed by emailing visitorservices@scotmaritime.org.uk. By bike: We have cycle spaces within our boat shop. We are located on Route 7 of the National Cycle Network. Opening times and admission: Open daily: 10 am – 5 pm Monday to Sunday Adults: ￡7.50 (age 17+) Concessions (优惠): ￡5.50 (Visitors aged 60+, registered disabled (已注册的残疾人士), or full time students aged 17+) Children: Three go FREE (age 16 and under) with any paying adult or concession EXTRA CHILD PRICE IS ￡2. Registered carers: One free when accompanying (陪同) a paid disabled person Group visits: Pre-booked groups of 10 or more receive special rates from ￡4 for a self-tour 31. What can you do during Irvine public tours? A. Design a model ship. B. Try sailing a boat. C. See the latest ships. D. Learn about the maritime history of England. 32. If you want to visit Linthouse in winter, at what time can you attend a tour? A. 10:00 am. B. 11:00 am. C. 12:00 pm. D. 14:30 pm. 33. Which bus can you take from Glasgow to visit the museum? A. 14A Service. B. No 585. C. X34. D. No 11. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 【解析】 本文是一篇应用文，是苏格兰海洋博物馆的参观指南。 【31 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Irvine public tours 部分中的“Then, weather permitting, you can experience life at sea onboard MV Kyles, the oldest Clyde-built boat still in service in the UK.”可知，你可以 尝试驾船航行体验海上生活，故 B 项正确。 【32 题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中的 winter tour times 中的时间信息可知，冬天你可以在 10:30，12:00 或 14:00 三个时间去 Linthouse 参观旅游，故 C 项正确。 【33 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 By bus 部分中的“X34 from Irvine, Beith and Glasgow;”可知，从格拉斯 哥你可以乘坐 X34 路公共汽车去参观博物馆，故 C 项正确。 B Last year my children gifted me a stainless steel (不锈钢的) coffee plunger (法式按压咖啡壶). I love to start the day with a strong black coffee and couldn't wait to use it. I looked forward to the following morning's coffee making, knowing that I probably wouldn't smash (打碎) this plunger as easily as I had done so often in the past. But as I poured my first cup of coffee, the plunger spilled (洒出) all over the table. Thankfully no one was around to see my disappointed face! I kept trying, but each morning would see me wiping up the coffee. Then I realized that if I poured very slowly there would be no spilling. This was at first a very painful experience. My normal practice was to rush through breakfast so that I could get on with my day. But in time I learned not only to pour slowly but to enjoy the experience: the smell, the taste, and the stillness of a new day. It prompted (促使) me to reflect upon whether there were other areas of my life I was rushing through. Most of life, it seemed. I started to leave extra time to do even the most ordinary tasks. When shop owners would apologize for keeping me waiting, I'd say, "Not a problem, I'm not in a hurry." Even hanging out washing became pleasurable when a couple of extra minutes of standing still and listening to the birds singing in the trees around me became part of my routine. Besides, one of my favorite experiences living in the inner city for many years was sitting on the front doorstep of our home spending time with strangers. We sat on the steps, each of us with a cup of coffee in our hands, listening to each other's stories. It was one of the warmest things about living in a busy city. It was as if the world around us slowed to a pace (步伐) we could both handle. Stillness and quietness not only slow the pace of life, but also feed the soul, helping us to enjoy the world's small pleasures. 34. What was the author’s life like before receiving the coffee plunger? A. Hurried. B. Relaxing. C. Simple. D. Disappointing. 35. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Dealing with the spilled coffee. B. Learning to use the new coffee plunger. C. Trying to pour coffee more slowly. D. Rushing through breakfast. 36. What happened when the author changed her lifestyle? A. She had more time for important things. B. She found joy in ordinary tasks. C. She made friends with many shop owners. D. She had a better relationship with her family members. 37. What is the main purpose of this article? A. To tell people how to live a meaningful and full life. B. To reflect on the meaning of living a slow-paced life. C. To show the importance of the gift from her daughter. D. To encourage readers to communicate more with strangers. 【答案】34. A 35. C 36. B 37. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者改变了以往快节奏的生活方式，生活节奏慢下来后她在 日常生活中的小事中找到了快乐。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“My normal practice was to rush through breakfast so that I could get on with my day.”可知，以前作者通常都是以匆匆吃早餐开启新的一天，由此可知，收到 这个咖啡壶之前，作者的生活是匆忙的，故 A 项正确。 【35 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Then I realized that if I poured very slowly there would be no spilling.”可知，然后作者意识到，如果她倒得很慢，就不会溢出，再结合画线词后的“My normal practice was to rush through breakfast so that I could get on with my day.”可知，作者通常 都是以匆匆吃早餐开启新的一天，她已经习惯了每天早晨的匆匆忙忙，生活节奏突然慢下来 让她很不适应，因此慢慢倒咖啡对她来说是一个痛苦的经历，由此可知 This 指代的就是上 文提到的慢慢倒咖啡，故 C 项正确。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容，特别是“Even hanging out washing became pleasurable” 可知，出去洗衣服也变得愉快，可见作者在日常生活的小事中体验到了快乐，故 B 项正确。 【37 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者改变了以往快节奏的生活方式，生活节奏 慢下来后她在日常生活的小事中找到了快乐，由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反映过慢 节奏生活的意义——体验日常生活中的快乐，故 B 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 2 题难度较大，抓住作者以前的生活方式和想做出的改变是关键，根据第二 段最后一句“Then I realized that if I poured very slowly there would be no spilling.”可知，然 后作者意识到，如果她倒得很慢，就不会溢出，再结合画线词后的“My normal practice was to rush through breakfast so that I could get on with my day.”可知，她通常都是以匆匆吃早餐开 启新的一天，这表明作者已经习惯了每天早晨的匆匆忙忙，生活节奏突然慢下来让她很不适 应，因此慢慢倒咖啡对她来说是一个痛苦的经历，由此可知 This 指代的就是上文提到的慢 慢倒咖啡，故 C 项正确。 C Nobel prize-winners, legendary (传奇的) authors, and famous scientists — you might think all these people were born to be creative. However, that's not always the case. While well-known figures like Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein did their most significant (重 要的) work in their youth, famous American poet Robert Frost and English-born natural scientist Charles Darwin were known as "late bloomers" – people whose talents were not noticeable until later in life. This idea of "peaking" at different times inspired new research from the United States. "Many people believe that creativity is exclusively (独有地) associated (有联系的) with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity you're talking about," said Bruce Weinburg, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago and co-author of the study. According to the study, published earlier this month in the journal De Economist, there are two types of people: conceptual (概念的) and experimental thinkers. To reach this conclusion, researchers took the 31 previous winners of the Nobel Prize in economics and arranged them according to when they did their most significant work, to identify (识别) their creative peaks. Some peaked from ages 25-29. Classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas before they become used to the conventional way of doing things. The second creative peak came with economists in their 50s. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their field for a long time. This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions. "Whether you hit your creative peak early or late in your career depends on whether you have a conceptual or experimental approach," said Weinburg. He added that their study isn't limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines (知识领域). So if you're struggling to come up with new ideas, don't panic. Your creative peak may be yet to arrive. 38. What did the study from the US find? A. Young people are not necessary more creative than the old people. B. Most people take a conceptual approach when thinking. C. One's creative peak is related to their job type. D. Conceptual and experimental thinkers hit their peaks at different times. 39. What does the underlined word "conventional" mean in context? A. Easy. B. Unusual. C. Traditional. D. Appropriate. 40. What do we know about experimental thinkers? A. Their talents usually bloom in their 20s. B. They are good at doing experiments. C. They work out new methods based on experience. D. They are more successful than conceptual thinkers. 41. What would Weinberg probably agree with? A. It's difficult to find one's talent in later years. B. More research needs to be done about creative peaks. C. Conceptual thinkers could be more successful in the art field. D. Experimental thinkers from other fields may be most successful in their 50s. 【答案】38. D 39. C 40. C 41. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现概念思考者和实验性思考者在不同时期达到顶峰。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Some peaked from ages 25-29. Classified as conceptual thinkers”可知，概念思考者在25 岁到 29 岁达到顶峰，再根据倒数第二段中的“The second creative peak came with economists in their 50s. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their field for a long time.”可知，实验思考者的巅峰出现在50 多岁，也就是说研究发现概念 思考者和实验性思考者在不同时期达到顶峰，故 D 项正确。 【39 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas ”可知，这些人跳出框框思考，也就是说他们的思维方式不同于传统的思维方式，不 拘泥于条条框框，在习惯传统的做事方式之前想出新点子，由此可知画线词词义为“传统 的”，故C 项正确。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions.”可知，这使实验性思考者能够从错 误中学习，并在最终找到新的解决方案之前尝试不同的过程，由此可知，实验性思考者根据 经验制定新的方法，故 C 项正确。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The second creative peak came with economists in their 50s. These are experimental thinkers who have been in their field for a long time.”可知，第二个创 新高峰出现在 50 多岁的经济学家身上，他们是长期从事这一领域的实验性思考者，再根据 最后一段中的“He added that their study isn't limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines”可知，Weinberg 补充说，他们的研究不仅限于经济学，还可以应用于其 他创造性学科，由此可知，Weinberg 可能会同意来自其他领域的实验性思考者可能在 50 多 岁时最成功，故 D 项正确。 【点睛】词义猜测题的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第 2 题，根据画 线词前的“these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas ”可知，这些人跳出 框框思考，也就是说他们的思维方式与传统的思维方式不同，不拘泥于条条框框，此处是说 他们在习惯传统的做事方式之前想出新点子，由此可知画线词词义为“传统的”，故C 项正 确。 D Do you often feel like you want to wash your hands again and again? Or do you ever have the urge to line up the items on your desk? These all may be symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (强迫症), or OCD, which affects about 2 percent of the world's population. Those who suffer from OCD have difficulty finding successful treatment because doctors don't clearly understand its causes. But now, a new study has given hope for a future cure. For the study, which was published in the journal Nature in October, researchers observed humans, dogs and mice. They discovered four genes that may be responsible for obsessive-compulsive behaviors in humans. But why observe dogs and mice to learn about humans? "Dogs, it turns out, are surprisingly similar to people," study author and geneticist Elinor Karlsson, of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, US, told NPR. "They're chasing their own tail or chasing shadows like normal, but they're doing it for hours." In the study, researchers made a list of about 600 genes in mice, dogs and humans that they thought might cause OCD, reported NPR. They then compared those genes in two large groups of people – those who don't have OCD and those who do. In the end, they identified just four genes with mutations (突变) in the OCD group. The genes are active in a neurological pathway (神经通路) in the brain, which is believed to help control actions. But the mutations could block the neurological pathway. For example, for people without OCD, when they finish washing their hands, a signal will come, telling them to stop. But for people with OCD, the neurological pathway is blocked, so the message isn't getting through. As a result, the person will continue to wash their hands. "OCD and anxiety are kind of like learning disorders," Marcos Grados, an OCD researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, told NPR. "Often with OCD, people have a fear of germs (细菌). You can't touch tables or door knobs (把手) and every time it's the same sensation (感 觉). You didn't learn that the last time you touched a door knob, nothing happened. It's like touching it for the first time ever." However, that doesn't mean people who have these genetic mutations will always have obsessive-compulsive behaviors, the researchers said. That's because the disorder also relies on other things, such as one's environment. According to reports, various existing treatment methods have low success rates in patients. But now that we know where OCD comes from, let's hope we will soon find an effective way to treat it. 42. What did researchers recently find about OCD? A. They found a possible cure for it. B. It is a common problem among animals. C. It can be caused by genetic mutations. D. It can be passed on to the next generation. 43. What would a typical OCD sufferer probably do? A. Enjoy shaking hands with others. B. Touch door knobs from time to time. C. Keep washing their hands. D. Enjoy the company of friends. 44. What is the problem for OCD sufferers according to the study? A. They have four missing genes that control their behavior. B. Some part of their neurological pathway is damaged. C. Their brains are not sensitive to behavioral signals. D. Their brains can't receive messages to stop repeated actions. 45. Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A. OCD causes more trouble than anxiety. B. A genetic mutation is the main cause of OCD. C. Environment plays a more important role in OCD than genes. D. It's possible to find effective treatment for OCD. 【答案】42. C 43. C 44. D 45. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究人员发现强迫症可能是由基因突变引起的。 【42 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 “They discovered four genes that may be responsible for obsessive-compulsive behaviors in humans.”可知，研究人员发现了四种可以导致强迫症的基 因，再结合第六段中的“In the end, they identified just four genes with mutations (突变) in the OCD group.”可知，最后，他们在强迫症组中发现了4 个突变基因，由此可知，研究人员发 现强迫症可能是由基因突变引起的，故 C 项正确。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Do you often feel like you want to wash your hands again and again?”及倒数第四段中的举例可知，一个典型的强迫症患者可能会一遍遍地洗手，故C 项 正确。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“For example, for people without OCD, when they finish washing their hands, a signal will come, telling them to stop. But for people with OCD, the neurological pathway is blocked, so the message isn't getting through.”可知，强迫症患者的问题 是他们的大脑接收不到停止重复动作的信息，故 D 项正确。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “But now that we know where OCD comes from, let's hope we will soon find an effective way to treat it.”可知，作者认为既然找到了强迫症的病因，就有可 能找到治疗强迫症的有效方法，故 D 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 4 题难度较大，抓住最后一段内容是关键，因为科普类说明文作者的态度或 观点通常都会在文章最后有所体现，根据最后一段中的“But now that we know where OCD comes from, let's hope we will soon find an effective way to treat it.”可知，作者认为既然找到了 强迫症的病因，就有可能找到治疗强迫症的有效方法。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Chinese culture values family bonds very much. Family members don't just gather during the holidays .In fact they often live under one roof all year round. ___46___. Families in the East and 的 West are very different from each other. In most East Asian cultures, extended families are common. ___47___ According to the Atlantic, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that "a grandparent is a treasure to their family". In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families （小家庭）. These are solely made up of children and their parents. Additionally, the duties parents have toward their children can also differ.___48___. It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also follow their parents' opinions when making major life decisions, more often than not. In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18. ___49___. Also, if they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen by some as a failure on their part. While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy and independence. ___50___. Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world. A. These families have three or even four generations living together B. Nuclear families are the most common type in China. C. In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood. D. Different cultures have different family values. E. But in the end, home is best 一 east or west. F. Many young people going to college often need to take out loans and work part-time jobs in order to pay for tuition and rent. G. Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time. 【答案】46. D 47. A 48. C 49. F 50. E 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。对比说明了中西方对待家庭关系的不同观念。 【46 题详解】 根据第一段前后对比 Chinese culture 和 Families in the East and West 中的家庭成员联系观念 的描述，可知此处是说两者之间文化不同，观念不同，故选 D。 【47 题详解】 根据第二段主旨句中 extended families，可知是包含了很多后代家庭在内，再根据…were cared for by their grandparents.可知这些家庭会住在一起生活，故选 A。 【48 题详解】 根据第五段下文 It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. 父母为孩子支付大学学费，帮助他们找工作，或者为他们买房子，这 些都是很正常的。可知，在中国许多的父母是把孩子从小照顾到成年，故选 C。 【49 题详解】 根据第六段中 kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18.可知成年后小孩就会搬出 去住，那么就要自己承担学费和房租，以及 it can be seen by some as a failure on their part.可 知，否则就会被看作是失败，故选 F。 【50 题详解】 根据上一句描述东方更关心亲密的家庭关系，而西方则重视隐私和独立；下一句又表达家庭 永远是爱、温暖和关心世界各地人们的源泉，可知无论在东方还是西方，家都是最好的地方， 故选 E。 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分) 第一节完形填空(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个解析项中，解析出可 以填入空白处的最佳解析项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Ring! Ring! Ring! It was early in the morning and I knew who was ___51___ as I reached for the telephone. I was a new substitute teacher (代课教师) trying to earn enough money to ___52___ my family. Each morning, I ___53___ for a call that would take me to a different classroom. The last three classes had all been determined to ___54___ me and see just how much bad behavior they could get away with (逃脱惩罚). I had responded (应对) by being ___55___ with the students. I didn't really ___56___ to go to work that morning, especially since it was my birthday. Still, I answered the phone and ___57___ the job. My family needed the money and I couldn't ___58___ to be picky (挑剔的). As I was driving to work, I ___59___ to try harder to be the best teacher that I could be. As the class started, the students ____60____ tried to see what they could get away with. This time, though, I was ____61____ but fair with them. I did my best to make my lessons ____62____. I shared smiles, praised their efforts, and encouraged them to work hard. The results were ____63____. My unruly (难以驾驭的) classroom soon ____64____. Students were learning and laughing, and I ____65____ felt like I was doing my job right. I went home feeling ____66____ in my heart and enjoyed the rest of my birthday with my family. I remembered something that I once read: “Every day is a new opportunity to ____67____ again. Every day is your birthday.” Every day is a ____68____ for us to get things right, to live our lives with love and joy, and to make this world a better place. Don't ____69____ a single day. Just try to be the best you can be. Never stop ____70____. 51. A. bothering B. calling C. knocking D. playing 52. A. pay B. impress C. support D. provide 53. A. waited B. asked C. looked D. headed 54. A. please B. test C. persuade D. surprise 55. A. patient B. honest C. satisfied D. angry 56. A. want B. need C. choose D. hesitate 57. A. refused B. received C. took D. completed 58. A. manage B. pretend C. expect D. afford 59. A. agreed B. decided C. appeared D. started 60. A. in time B. at last C. at once D. once again 61. A. strict B. worried C. mad D. disappointed 62. A. clear B. useful C. fun D. difficult 63. A. strange B. funny C. important D. amazing 64. A. changed B. divided C. returned D. disappeared 65. A. again B. even C. finally D. nearly 66. A. confused B. happy C. tired D. upset 67. A. check B. settle C. discover D. begin 68. A. chance B. choice C. risk D. goal 69. A. spend B. forget C. waste D. save 70. A. learning B. trying C. asking D. thinking 【答案】51. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. D 61. A 62. C 63. D 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. D 68. A 69. C 70. B 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名代课老师，每天早上都有一个电话提醒作者去哪个教室 上课。为了养家糊口，虽然作者对学生们的不良行为感到生气，但依然坚持上课并尽可能做 好，学生们也渐渐改观。这让作者意识到每一天都是让我们做得更好的机会，所以不要浪费 任何一天，尽我们所能做到最好。 【51 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道是谁打给我的。A. bothering 打扰；B. calling 打电话；C. knocking 敲门；D. playing 玩耍。根据空前的“Ring! Ring! Ring!”可知，我的电话响了，自 然是有人给我打电话，故 B 项正确。 【52 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是个新来的代课老师，想挣足够的钱养家糊口。A. pay 支付； B. impress 留下深刻印象；C. support 支持；D. provide 提供。根据空后的“my family”可知， 我想挣钱养家，故 C 项正确。 【53 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上，我都会等一个电话，这个电话会告诉我去另一个教室。 A. waited 等待；B. asked 要求；C. looked 看；D. headed 前往。根据上文“我知道是谁打来 电话”可知，每天早晨我都会等一个告诉我去哪个教室上课的电话，故 A 项正确。 【54 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后三个班级都是在考验我，看看他们有多少不良行为可以逃脱 惩罚。A. please 使高兴；B. test 考验；C. persuade 说服；D. surprise 使吃惊。空后说看看他 们有多少不良行为可以逃脱惩罚，因此这三个班级是考验我的忍耐力，故 B 项正确。 【55 题详解】 的 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的反应是生学生的气。A. patient 耐心的；B. honest 诚实的； C. satisfied 满意的；D. angry 生气的。我是一名新来的代课老师，因此肯定会对这些学生的 不良行为感到生气，故 D 项正确。 【56 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天早上我真的不想去上班，特别是那天是我的生日。A. want 想；B. need 需要；C. choose 选择；D. hesitate 犹豫。上文说我对学生们的行为很生气，而且 那天还是我生日，所以我真的不想去上班，故 A 项正确。 【57 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我还是接了电话，去上班了。A. refused 拒绝；B. received 收到；C. took 接受；D. completed 完成。尽管那天早晨我真的不想去上班，但我还是接了电 话去上班了，故 C 项正确。 【58 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：家里需要我干这份工作挣钱，由不得我挑三拣四。A. manage 设 法做成；B. pretend 假装；C. expect 期望；D. afford 能够、负担得起。根据空前的“My family needed the money”可知，家里需要我干这份工作挣钱，由不得我挑三拣四，故 D 项正确。 【59 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好 老师。A. agreed 同意； B. decided 决定；C. appeared 出现；D. started 开始。根据空后的“to try harder to be the best teacher that I could be.”可知，我决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好的老师，故 B 项正确。 【60 题详解】 考查短语词义辨析。句意：开始上课的时候，学生们又想看看他们能侥幸逃脱什么惩罚。 A. in time 及时；B. at last 最后；C. at once 立即；D. once again 再次。上文说最后三个班级的 学生非常顽皮，总是想看看他们能侥幸逃脱什么惩罚，今天又是如此，故 D 项正确。 【61 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这一次，我对他们很严格，但也很公平。A. strict 严厉的； B. worried 担心的；C. mad 疯狂的；D. disappointed 失望的。根据上文我被学生惹生气的情 节可知，我对他们非常严厉，故 A 项正确。 【62 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我尽我最大的努力使我的课有趣。我分享微笑，表扬他们的努 力，并鼓励他们努力学习。A. clear 清楚的；B. useful 有用的；C. fun 有趣的；D. difficult 困 的 难的。上文说决定更加努力，尽我所能成为最好的老师，所以我尽我最大的努力让我的课生 动有趣，故 C 项正确。 【63 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是不可思议的。A. strange 奇怪的；B. funny 有趣的；C. important 重要的；D. amazing 令人惊异的。空后说我那不守规矩的教室很快就变了，因此结 果是令人惊异的，故 D 项正确。 【64 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我那不守规矩的课堂很快就变了。A. changed 改变；B. divided 分开；C. returned 返回；D. disappeared 消失。空后说课堂上既有学习也有欢笑，这说明那不 守规矩的课堂有所改变了，故 A 项正确。 65 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终我觉得我做得对了。A. again 又；B. even 甚至；C. finally 最 后、终于；D. nearly 几乎。此处是说课堂上的改变最终给我的感受——我觉得自己做对了， 故 C 项正确。 【66 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我心情愉快地回家了。A. confused 困惑的；B. happy 快乐的； C. tired 劳累的；D. upset 难过的。课堂上的改观让我心情大好，故 B 项正确。 【67 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一天都是重新开始的机会。A. check 检查；B. settle 解决；C. discover 发现；D. begin 开始。根据空后的“Every day is your birthday”可知，每天都是重新 开始的机会，故 D 项正确。 【68 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一天都是一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着爱和欢乐生活， 让这个世界变得更美好。A. chance 机会；B. choice 选择；C. risk 风险；D. goal 目标。根据 空后的“for us to get things right, to live our lives with love and joy, and to make this world a better place.”可知，每一天都是一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着爱和欢乐生活，让这个 世界变得更美好，故 A 项正确。 【69 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要浪费任何一天，尽你所能做到最好。A. spend 花费；B. forget 忘记；C. waste 浪费；D. save 节约。上文说每一天都 一个机会，让我们把事情做好，带着 【 是 爱和欢乐生活，让这个世界变得更美好，所以不要浪费任何一天，故 C 项正确。 【70 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一直坚持不懈。A. learning 学习；B. trying 尝试、努力；C. asking 问；D. thinking 思考。上文说不要浪费任何一天，尽你所能做到最好，此处是说要一直坚持 努力，故 B 项正确。 【点睛】本篇第 4 空 D 项 surprise 的干扰性较强，很多同学会误认为此处说的是这三个班的 表现让我感到很吃惊，但根据空后的“see just how much bad behavior they could get away with” 可知，最后这三个班的学生看看他们有多少不良行为可以逃脱惩罚，此处是一种诙谐的说法， 说的是这三个班级是考验我的忍耐力，旨在突出学生表现很差，与下文课堂上的改观形成鲜 明的对比。 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写 在答题纸的相应位置. I can still remember the day we brought her home from the animal shelter (收容所). Lexie moved in my arms when I held her, ___71___ the second I handed this lovely dog to my daughter, she settled down. My daughter cried tears of joy while ___72___(hold) her on the way home and Lexie happily licked (舔) them away. Since then, they ___73___(be) good friends. They lie under blankets on the sofa and watch TV together. When my daughter climbs into bed, Lexie will carry her toys on top of the covers ___74___ (join) her. Lexie's favorite spot is right in my daughter's arms. If she could spend every second of the day there, she ___75___. The other day I ___76___(watch) Lexie while my daughter, who lives right up the road from me, did some housework. When it was time ___77___ Lexie to go home, I could see Lexie's ___78___(excite) as I leashed (用皮带牵) her up. I opened the back door and let her out. She was running as fast as she could. I called her name, but ___79___ was no use. She had found my daughter on the road. My daughter bent down to pick her up. Lexie jumped into her arms and happily licked her face. I smiled, seeing she was back ____80____ she belonged. 【答案】71. but 72. holding 73. have been 74. to join 75. would 76. watched/was watching 77. for 78. excitement 79. it 80. where 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者收养的小狗莱西和女儿之间的深厚感情。 【71 题详解】 考查连词。句意：当我抱着莱西时，它在我怀里一直动，但当我把它交给我女儿时，它就安 定下来了。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填 but。 【72 题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：我女儿在回家的路上抱着她高兴地哭了。在 while 引导的时间 状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和 be，My daughter 与 hold 之间是主动关系，完整部分应该是 while she was holding her on the way home,本句相当于省略了 she was,故填 holding。 【73 题详解】 考查时态。句意：从那时起，她们就成了好朋友。since 常与完成时连用，此处强调过去的 动作对现在的影响，应该用现在完成时，故填 have been。 【74 题详解】 考查不定式。句意：当我的女儿爬上床时，莱西会把它的玩具放在被子上，和她一起玩。此 处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填 to join。 【75 题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果它能每一秒都呆在那里，她一定会的。根据“If she could spend every second”可知，此处表示对将来的虚拟，主句谓语用 would/could/should+动词原形，此处省 略了动词原形，表示“会”，故填would。 【76 题详解】 考查时态。句意：有一天，我在看莱西，而我的女儿（她就住在我家的马路对面)在做家务。 根据时间状语“The other day”判断用一般过去时，也可用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的 动作，故填 watched/was watching。 【77 题详解】 考查介词。句意：到了莱西回家的时候，我可以看到它的兴奋之情。It is time for sb to do 表 示“是某人做某事的时候了”，此处用for 引出逻辑主语，故填 for。 【78 题详解】 考查名词。句意同上，作动词 see 的宾语用名词，故填 excitement。 【79 题详解】 考查代词。句意：我叫它的名字，但是没有用。it is no use 是习惯用语，表示“没用、不起 作用”，故填it。 【80 题详解】 考查地点状语从句。句意：看到它回到了属于它的地方，我会心地笑了。分析句子结构可知 此处为地点状语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故填 where。 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错（共 10 处，每处 1 分，满分 10 分） 81.文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或 修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 It's been two years when I joined the campus radio station. During this time, I had done several interviews. Every time I finish to writing an article, I am proud of myself for able to introduce my schoolmates to the things I've seen. It was difficult at times, but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper, you knew that it was something worth doing. My parents, teachers and schoolmates congratulated me on that I did. I felt happily when I shared a new story with them. The greatest thing about being the reporter is being able to share your thought with others. 【答案】1. when→since 2.done 前面的 had →have 3. finish 后 to 去掉 4. for∧being able to 5. publish→published 6. you→I 7. that→what 8. happily→happy 9. the→a 10. thought→thoughts 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己在校园广播站当记者的经历与收获。 【详解】第一处：考查连词。句意：我加入校园广播站已经两年了。It has been+一段时间 +since+从句（一般过去时）表示“自从……已经有多久了”，根据前面的“It's been two years”可知，此处用 since，故 when 改为 since。 第二处：考查时态。句意：在此期间，我做了几次采访。此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响， 用现在完成时，故 had 改为 have。 第三处：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：每次写完一篇文章，我都为自己能够向同学们介绍 我所看到的东西而感到自豪。finish 后接动名词作宾语，to 是多余的，故 finish 后的 to 去掉。 第四处：考查非谓语动词。句意同上。be able to 表示“能够”，介词for 后接动名词作宾语， 故 for 后加 being。 第五处：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在校报上看到我的文章时，我知道这是一件值得做的 事情。stories 与 publish 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故 publish 改为 published。 第六处：考查代词。句意同上，根据句意可知此处表示“我”而不是“你”，故you 改为 I。 第七处：考查宾语从句。句意：我的父母、老师和同学都祝贺我所做的事情。此处为宾语从 句，从句中的 did 缺少宾语，表示“所……的（事）”，故that 改为 what。 第八处：考查形容词。句意：当我和他们分享一篇新文章时，我感到很高兴。作 felt 的表语 用形容词，故 happily 改为 happy。 第九处：考查冠词。句意：做一名记者最大的好处就是能和别人分享你的想法。此处泛指“一 名记者”，reporter 的发音以辅音音素开头，故 the 改为 a。 第十处：考查名词复数。句意同上，thought 当“想法”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛 指，故 thought 改为 thoughts。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 82.假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 对中国的“新四大发明”（共享单车、高铁、支付宝和 网购）很感兴趣，特写信向你询问。请你给他回信，选一项发明进行介绍。 注意：1. 词数不少于 100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 提示：共享单车 bike-sharing 高铁 high-speed rail 支付宝 Alipay 网购 online shopping Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Yours, Li, Hua 【答案】In recent years, among Chinese technological innovations, four have earned a reputation as China’s “four great new inventions”. They are high-speed railway, Alipay, bicycle-sharing, and online shopping, which have added great convenience to daily life. As for me, I choose to talk about online shopping because I believe it has made traditional stores nearly obsolete. With easier access to the Internet and wider use of mobile payment, online shopping has gained much popularity. This has caused the public to form different consumption habits, me included, of course. I seldom shop at brick-and-mortar shops now. What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. There are various items for me to choose from. The easy access to consumer reviews helps me make informed purchases. Also, shopping online helps me save time and money. Online shopping is a phenomenon that almost everyone has experienced in his or her life; and the reality is that it will only become more popular in the future. Although there’s nothing quite like the convenience of shopping online, we should make sure our privacy and security are never at risk. 【解析】 【分析】 按照题目要求，写一篇议论文。选择一项中国“新四大发明”并做简单介绍。 【详解】第一步：整理题目要点 ①交代“中国新四大发明”的背景（整体的介绍）；②提出自己想要说明的对象（本文作者介 绍的是网络购物）③说明网络购物对生活的影响；④并简述你对这件事的看法。 第二步：准备关键词 根据关键要点，确定关键词，Chinese technological innovations 中国技术改革；earn a reputation as 作为……赢得赞誉；make traditional stores nearly obsolete 让传统商店几乎过时； brick-and-mortar shops 实体店；the easy access to 容易获得；privacy and security 隐私和安全 等。 第三步：确定文章使用的时态，说明事实，应用一般现在时或现在完成时。 第四步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意语法和词法的使用。 第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过度，使之自然通畅。根据 文章要点可以将文章分为三段。 【点睛】范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接谨慎自然，符合书信的要求，不乏亮点的表达。 主语从句：What I often purchase online is clothing and stationery. 定语从句：Online shopping is a phenomenon that almost everyone has experienced in his or her life;… 表语从句：the reality is that it will only become more popular in the future 固定句型：there’s nothing quite like…