人教版新目标英语9年级知识详解unit13

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人教版新目标英语9年级知识详解unit13

人教版新目标英语9年级unit1-3‎ Unit 1 How do you study for a test?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. by asking the teacher for help(P2)通过向老师寻求帮助 ‎(1)“ask+sb+for+名词”意为“向某人请求……”;“向某人要求……”。‎ They asked me for help.他们向我求助。‎ We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。‎ ‎(2)by作介词时,后接动词-ing形式,这是中考的重点,大家可不要忘记啊!‎ ‎◎“通过……的方式”。‎ Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。‎ ‎◎“经过(某人/某物)”。‎ He went by the supermarket on his way to school.‎ 在去上学的路上,他经过那家超市。‎ ‎◎“在……旁边,在……附近”。‎ Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里,李雷坐在我的旁边。‎ ‎◎“在……之前,不迟于……”。‎ I can finish doing my homework by six o’clock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。‎ ‎◎表示交通方式,意为“乘……”。‎ I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。‎ 特别提示 by作副词时,相当于near,意为“靠近”。‎ The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候,小偷偷走了钱。‎ 短语链语 ‎◎by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。‎ It’s ‎12 o’clock now and we will go home by and by.‎ 现在12点了,过一会儿我们就要回家了。‎ ‎◎by the way “顺便说一下”。‎ By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦,对了,我忘记告诉你那个消息了。‎ ‎2. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语,而且的确很喜欢它。‎ He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子,由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成,用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要延续下去。请看:‎ Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。‎ We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years.‎ 我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。‎ ‎3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说,和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。‎ ‎(1)add的常见意思为“增加,添上,加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语,是“又说,补充说”的意思。‎ It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。‎ Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. ‎ 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。‎ ‎(2)at all与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用,用来加强否定意义,表示“完全不,一点儿都不,丝毫不”的意思。‎ He doesn’t like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。‎ There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。‎ ‎◎not at all单独使用时,用来回答对方的感谢或道歉,相当于That’ s all right, You’re welcome等。但是,You’re welcome主要用于美国英语中,而英国人则多用Not at all。‎ ‎—Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助!‎ ‎—Not at all./That’ s all right./You’re welcome.别客气。‎ ‎4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ,最后干脆说起汉语来。‎ ‎(1)be/get excited about意思是“对……感到兴奋”,其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.‎ 她一听到那个好消息,就变得很兴奋。‎ Are you excited about going to Shanghai? 你对去上海感到兴奋吗?‎ 类似短语 be/get worried about “对……感到担心”,be amazed at“对……感到惊讶”,be pleased with“对……感到满意”。‎ ‎(2)excited表示某人对某物或某事“感到兴奋,激动”,主语常为人。‎ We were excited when we saw our team was winning.‎ 看到自己的球队要赢了,我们都十分激动。‎ 特别提示 exciting作“令人激动的”,“令人兴奋的”解时,常用来修饰物或事。‎ The football match we watched was very exciting.‎ 我们观看的那场足球赛非常激动人心。‎ ‎(3)end up意为“达到某状态或采取某行动,以……结束或告终”,后面接动词-ing形式。‎ He ended up running a firm. 他最终经营了一家公司。‎ 类似短语 finish up“完成”, eat up“吃光”, burn up“烧光”。‎ ‎5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。‎ ‎(1)maybe和may be虽然写法相似,意思也相似,但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词,意为“也许,可能”,用作状语;may be意为“也许是,可能是”,may是情态动词,与be一起作谓语。‎ Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。‎ But I’m afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一点。‎ ‎(2)join意为“参加,加入”,主要指参加、加入某党派、团体,成为一员,后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的词或词组;而 take part in也意为“参加,加入”,指参加群众性的活动、会议、考试、竞赛等。‎ My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥两年前就入团了。‎ We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest.‎ 我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。‎ ‎6. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始,当老师和全班学生说话的时候,她的话对我来说很难听懂。‎ ‎(1)短语first of all意为“首先,第一”,在句中作状语,强调首要的事情是什么,不一定用于列举,常用于first of all..., then..., at last...,使说明的层次更清楚。‎ First of all, I must finish my work. 首先,我必须完成我的工作。‎ First of all, I want to say that thank you for coming. ‎ 首先,我想说的是感谢你们的到来。‎ ‎7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (P6)刚开始,她讲得太快,我不能每个词都听懂。‎ 本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点(理由)”。‎ We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能去。首先是天气太冷了;再者,我们没有钱了。‎ ‎◎begin with意为“以……开始”,其后接动词时应用动词-ing形式。‎ The book begins with a story. 这本书是以一个故事开头。‎ The party began with dancing. 晚会是以舞蹈开头的。‎ ‎8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. (P6)后来,我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。‎ later on是由later与on构成的固定词组,但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处,也有区别的地方。‎ 特别提示 later与later on的用法 ‎◎later作副词用,意为“后来”,“以后”,往往以以前或现在的时间或事情为基准,因此,常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。‎ Later he learned how to repair television sets.后来他学会了修电视机。‎ The radio says the sun will come out later.广播说太阳过些时候就会出来。‎ ‎◎later常和一个表示时间的名词连用,构成“时间段+later”结构。‎ He came back a week later.一星期后他回来了。‎ 魔力纠错 两天后我再来拜访。‎ 误:I shall call again two days later.‎ 正:I shall call again in two days.‎ 魔力解析 ‎“时间段+later”不可用于从现在算起的若干时间以后。说“从(现在起)……之后”,应该用“in+时间段”。‎ ‎◎later on作副词短语使用,也是“后来”,“以后”的意思,有时可与later互换。‎ That happened later on/later.后来那件事发生了。‎ ‎◎later on只可单独使用,不能用于“时间段+later on”结构。‎ ‎9. It helped a lot. (P6)它很有帮助。‎ 在本句中a lot用作副词,表示“非常,相当”,等于very much。‎ Thanks a lot. = Thanks very much.多谢。‎ He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。‎ ‎◎a lot还可作“经常,常常”解,相当于often。‎ They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英语课上,他们常用录音机。‎ ‎◎a lot of=lots of,修饰可数名词或不可数名词,意为“许多”,相当于many或much。‎ There is a lot of(=lots of) homework to do.有许多作业要做。‎ 魔力纠错 她在穿上没有花很多钱。‎ 误:She doesn’t spend a lot of money on dresses.‎ 正:She doesn’t spend much money on dresses.‎ ‎10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. (P6) 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。‎ ‎(1)该句是由that引导的宾语从句,当主句用一般现在时态时,从句可以用任意时态;当主句用过去时态时,从句则要用相应的过去时。‎ I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我听说布朗先生去过上海。‎ He said these answers were right. 他说这些答案是正确的。‎ ‎(2)one of意为“(……中的)一个”,其后接名词的复数形式,如有形容词修饰名词时,形容词要用最高级。‎ Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.‎ 王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。‎ ‎11. How do we deal with our problems? (P8)我们怎样处理我们的问题?‎ 本句中的deal with意为“处理,解决”,相当于do with,其主语通常是人或物。‎ I have many problems to deal with. 我有许多问题要解决。‎ ‎◎ deal with作“与……打交道”,“与……做买卖”解时,主语通常是人、公司、商店等。‎ My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后会来收拾你的。‎ 特别提示 deal in有时也可以表示“与……做买卖”,但后面跟具体的商品。‎ This shop deals in computers. 这家商店做电脑买卖。‎ ‎12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. (P8)我们中的大部分人可能都生过我们的朋友、父母或老师的气。‎ 本句中的be angry with意为“对某人生气”,后面常跟人作宾语;当表示生气的原因时,可以加上for doing sth。‎ He was angry with me for not having done anything. ‎ 我什么也没有做,他为此很生气。‎ 特别提示 be angry at表示“因某事生气”,后面接表示言行的名词、代词或v-ing形式或从句作宾语。‎ He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。‎ He was angry at what I said. 他对我所说的感到生气。‎ ‎13. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. (P8)时间流逝,良好的友谊可能也就随之逝去了。‎ ‎(1)go by是不及物动词短语,意为“走过”,“(时间)消逝,流逝”。‎ Two weeks went by. 两周过去了。‎ ‎(2)lost是lose的过去分词。lose意为“丢失,失去”时,语气较强,一般指失去不易找回。‎ The man lost a leg in the war. 那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。‎ 知识拓展 miss意为“丢失,失去”时,指东西或人丢失了,但有找到的希望。‎ She missed her child in the street. 她在街上把孩子丢了。‎ ‎◎miss可以表示“想念”的意思,而lose则不能。‎ We shall all miss you when you are away. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。‎ 特别提示 作定语或表语时,lose用过去分词形式,miss用现在分词形式。‎ Who has found my lost pen? 谁找到了我丢失的钢笔?‎ They set out to look for the missing girl at once. ‎ 他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。‎ Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. Over here! Don’t you remember me? (P11)过来!你不记得我了吗?‎ ‎(1)over here相当于come over here,意为“过来”。‎ ‎(2) remember的反义词是forget,两者用法相同,后面可跟名词,动名词或动词不定式。‎ ‎◎remember/forget doing sth表示“记得/忘记做过某事”,强调事情已经做了。‎ I remember posting your letter. 我记得替你寄过信了。‎ They forget locking the door. 他们忘记锁过门了。‎ ‎◎remember/forget to do sth表示“记得/忘记去做某事”,强调事情还未做。‎ I remember to post your letter. 我记得替你寄信。‎ They forget to lock the door. 他们忘了锁门。‎ ‎2. You’re Paula, aren’t you? (P11)你是波拉,对吗?‎ 这是一个反意疑问句,表示说话人提出某种情况或看法,询问对方是否同意。‎ 知识拓展 反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型:‎ ‎(1)主句为肯定陈述句时,附加疑问句为:系动词/情态动词/助动词的否定(缩写)形式+主语。‎ The girl went to school late yesterday, didn’t she?‎ 昨天那个女孩上学迟到了,是吗?‎ ‎(2)主句为否定陈述句(包括肯定形式中有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody等否定意义的词)时,附加疑问句为:系动词/情态动词/助动词的肯定形式+主语。‎ You have never been to Beijing, have you? 你没有去过北京,是吗?‎ ‎(3)主句为祈使句时,附加疑问句为:will或shall+主语。‎ Open the window, will you? 打开窗户,好吗?‎ Let’s go to school, shall we? 我们上学去吧,好吗?‎ ‎3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇!人确实是会变的。‎ 句中的sure用作副词,意为“确实”,“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型:‎ ‎◎表示“可以”,“当然”,“没问题”,常用来答应他人的请求,相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course.‎ ‎—Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗?‎ ‎—Sure./Of course.当然。‎ ‎—Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗?‎ ‎—Sure./Certainly.好啊。‎ ‎◎be sure about/of意为“确信,对……有把握”,后接名词,代词或v-ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。‎ I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。‎ He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number.‎ 他住在这栋楼里,但是房间号码我不太清楚。‎ ‎◎be sure to意为“一定”,“肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推测、评论,主语不一定是人。‎ It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。‎ She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。‎ 试比较下面两句:‎ The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。‎ The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。‎ ‎◎be sure to 用于祈使句时,是“务必”,“切望”的意思。‎ Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。‎ Be sure to come tomorrow,everyone.大家明天一定要来。‎ ‎◎be sure接that从句时,意为“认为……一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether, where, when或who等引导的名词性从句,这时主句通常是否定形式。‎ I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。‎ I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。‎ ‎4. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。‎ terrified为形容词,意为“受惊吓的,恐惧的”,表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”,固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。‎ I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。‎ 特别提示 terrified的动词形式为terrify,表示“使害怕”,“使恐惧”。‎ There are several persons terrifying the little boy.‎ 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。‎ ‎5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。‎ ‎(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语,在句中用作状语,表示伴随情况。‎ He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。‎ 知识拓展 ‎“with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语,表示伴随情况。‎ The teacher came in with a book under his arm. ‎ 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。‎ The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.‎ 那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿,穿过了街道。‎ ‎(2)on在此处是形容词,意为“开着的,接通的”,常见的结构有:be/turn on。‎ ‎—Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗?‎ ‎—No. It’s off. 不,关着呢。‎ Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report.‎ 请打开收音机,我要听天气预报。‎ ‎6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前,我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏,但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。‎ ‎(1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”,常指高中。‎ ‎(2)本句中的spend意为“花费”,常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事,主语通常为人,常见的句子结构有两种:‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time on sth She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth,其中介词in可以省略。‎ They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。‎ 特别提示 take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”:‎ ‎◎take意为“花费”,常用形式主语it,真正的主语是动词不定式,常见的句子结构有:‎ ‎“It takes (took)+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”)和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”)。‎ It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket.‎ 只要十分钟,就可以走到那家超市。‎ It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship.‎ 乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。‎ ‎◎pay的基本意思是“支付”,主语是表示人的名词或代词,常与for连用。‎ How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的?‎ ‎◎cost也可作“花费”解,其主语是“物”或“事”,常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。‎ The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。‎ ‎(3)not...any more意为“不再……”,相当于no more,一般用来表示动作或行为的不再发生或重复。‎ They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. ‎ 他们不再使用牲畜做农活了。‎ ‎7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 现在,我根本没有时间去听音乐会。‎ ‎(1)本句中的these days意为“现在,目前,如今”,相当于nowadays, at present。‎ We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。‎ They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。‎ ‎(2)hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不”,相当于almost not,本身含有否定之意,修饰名词时,常和a或any连用。‎ I’m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了,简直不能再走下去了。‎ There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有一丝云彩。‎ 魔力纠错 他简直不知道说什么好,是吗?‎ 误:He hardly knows what to say, doesn’t he?‎ 正:He hardly knows what to say, does he?‎ 魔力解析 hardly本身含有否定意义,构成反意疑问句时,后半部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有few, little, never, none, nobody, nothing等。‎ 特别提示 hardly不是hard的副词形式,两者是完全不相关的两个词。‎ ‎8. Now, I don’t mind them. (P14)现在我不介意它们了。‎ 动词mind的基本含义是“介意,反对”,后面接名词或动名词。‎ He doesn’t mind closing the window. 他不介意关掉窗户。‎ 知识拓展 Would you mind doing...?句型常用来向别人提出请求,对方如果表示介意,就说“Yes”;如果表示不介意、不反对,应说“No, not at all./No, of course not.”。‎ ‎— Would you mind telling me how to remember English words?‎ 你介意告诉我如何记英语单词吗?‎ ‎—No, not at all. 不,不介意。‎ 特别提示 mind还可用作名词,表示“思想,主意”。‎ What do you make up your mind to be when you grow up?‎ 你长大以后立志要做什么?‎ 短语链语 never mind不要紧,不介意;keep in mind记住;make up one’s mind下决心,下决定;set up one’s mind to do sth立志做某事; change one’s mind改变主意。‎ ‎9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。‎ 动词seem是“看起来像”,“似乎”的意思,其常用的句型有:‎ ‎◎It seems+that 从句 It seems that he would never be able to work out the question.‎ 看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。‎ ‎◎seem+形容词 Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。‎ ‎◎seem+动词不定式 Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。‎ 特别提示 ‎“It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型,如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”,to be可以被省略。‎ It seems that his temperature is all right.‎ ‎=His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。‎ It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates.‎ ‎=She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。‎ 短语链语 seem like...意为“似乎,好像”。‎ It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。‎ ‎10. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而,几年以前,在他父亲死后,马丁的生活变得更困难了。‎ 本句中的dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表示“死的,无生命的”,常与be动词连用,指死的状态。‎ He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever.‎ 他虽然死了,但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。‎ Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。‎ 特别提示 die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。‎ ‎◎die意为“死亡,断气”,是终止性动词,指生命的结束,强调动作。‎ His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。‎ ‎◎dying是die 的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,是“要死的”,“垂危的”,“濒临死亡的”的意思。‎ This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。‎ ‎◎death是die的名词,意为“死亡”。‎ It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death.‎ 当我想起我小狗的死亡时,我很难过。‎ ‎11. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是,令他惊奇的是,这次通话改变了他的人生。‎ 本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”,常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思,后面接表示情感的名词,指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。‎ To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是,他考试不及格。‎ To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是,金先生拒绝了。‎ 类似短语 to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴/惊恐/满意的是”。‎ 特别提示 in surprise意为“惊奇地”。‎ The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。‎ ‎“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise.‎ ‎“你是怎么知道这件事的?”我吃惊地问。‎ ‎12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. (P16)她也告诉我,尽管我父亲不再和我们在一起了,他还是在观注着我们,并对我所做的一切好的事情感到骄傲。‎ ‎(1)even though意为“即使,纵然,尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句,可以与even if替换。‎ He won’t tell me about it even though (even if) he knows the news. ‎ 即使他知道这个消息,他也不会告诉我。‎ Even though (Even if) you aren’t lifting anything, your muscle gets tired. ‎ 即使没有举着什么东西,你的肌肉也会感到疲劳。‎ ‎(2)本句中的no longer可以与not...any longer替换,主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”,意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较,故多用于现在时。‎ You are no longer a child. (=You aren’t a child any longer.)‎ 你已不再是个孩子了。‎ 特别提示 ‎◎no longer一般修饰延续性动词,表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。‎ He no longer lives here. (=He doesn’t live here any longer.)‎ 他不再住在这里了。‎ ‎◎no more相当于not...any more,主要用来表示数量和程度,常常修饰短暂性动词,表示某动作不再重复发生。‎ The baby no more cried. (=The baby didn’t cry any more.) ‎ 这个小孩不再哭了。‎ He is no more a student. (=He isn’t a student any more.) ‎ 他不再是个学生了。‎ ‎(3)take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”,往往强调一时的行为,动作性较强。其中in是介词,后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。‎ The young man took pride in his work. 这年轻人以他的工作而自豪。‎ 特别提示 该短语中的pride是抽象名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。‎ ‎13. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他 本句中的give up意为“放弃,停止”,相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。‎ You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.‎ 你一定不能放弃学习外语,哪怕是一天也不行。‎ ‎◎give up还可以表示“认输,投降”。‎ I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。‎ 魔力纠错 吸烟对你的健康有害,所以你必须戒烟。‎ 误:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it.‎ 正:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up.‎ Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。‎ ‎(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时,其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句;若要否定,须将not提到主句。在翻译时,按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如:“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。‎ 特别提示 若把此类句式变成反意疑问句,其助动词及主语要根据从句确定,而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。‎ We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他,不是吗?‎ I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生,对吗?‎ ‎(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers,意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。‎ 知识拓展 数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来,可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有:‎ two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块‎60磅的石头 ‎(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构,表示“使……被做”,“请人做……”。‎ Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。‎ Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢?‎ ‎2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。‎ I agree. (P19)我同意。‎ ‎(1)agree意为“赞成,同意”,用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等;可以单独使用,也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。‎ ‎—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园,好吗?‎ ‎—I agree. 我同意。‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。‎ Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗?‎ 知识拓展 agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”,但用法不同。‎ ‎◎agree with表示“同意”,后面接表示人的名词或代词,也可以接表示“意见,看法”的名词。‎ We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。‎ Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗?‎ ‎◎agree to表示“同意”,后面接表示“计划,建议,安排”等的名词,接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。‎ He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。‎ They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。‎ ‎◎agree on表示“(两人以上)就……取得一致意见,在……方面意见一致”,其主语多为复数形式,宾语是表示事、计划等的名词,而不是表示人的名词或代词,它可以与agree in doing sth替换。‎ They agreed on the plan.‎ ‎=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。‎ 特别提示 agree with也可以表示“某人适应(食物、气候等)”。‎ The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。‎ ‎(2)disagree是agree的反义词,相当于not agree。‎ ‎3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。‎ 本句中的instead of是复合介词,意思是“代替”,后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。‎ I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。‎ We went to swim instead of playing basketball.‎ 我们没有去打篮球,而是去游泳了。‎ 特别提示 副词instead和instead of意思相同,但用法却不同。instead意为“代替,顶替”,常位于句首或句末,可不译。‎ I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. ‎ 我没有去看电影,我去购物了。‎ The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. ‎ 这里的水不好,所以我改喝咖啡。‎ ‎4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。‎ ‎(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句,用来修饰前面的someone。‎ The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。‎ The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.‎ 访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。‎ ‎(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”,“不睡觉”的意思,相当于not go to bed。‎ He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。‎ She promised the children they could stay up for homework.‎ 她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。‎ ‎5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗?‎ fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”,相当于not pass。‎ I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格。‎ ‎6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格。‎ 形容词strict是“严格的”,“严厉的”的意思,对人严格时用介词with,对工作等严格时用介词in。‎ The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。‎ He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格。‎ ‎7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。‎ ‎(1)the other day表示“几天以前,不久前的一天”。‎ I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他。‎ Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了。‎ ‎(3)本句中的get to意为“开始,着手”,后面接动词的-ing形式,表示“着手或开始做某事”。‎ We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来。‎ He got to wondering why he was in the job.‎ 他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异。‎ ‎8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒,因此我们想穿自己的衣服。‎ ‎(1)形容词smart意为“聪明的,机敏的,精明的”,相当于clever。‎ The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。‎ He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。‎ ‎(2)would like意为“想要”,相当于want,后面接名词或动词不定式。‎ I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。‎ I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.‎ 我不想去看电影,我想呆在家里。‎ ‎◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。‎ I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。‎ 特别提示 feel like也可以译为“想要”,有时可以与would like替换;其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。‎ I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。‎ ‎9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信,如果我们那样做了,我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上,而不是学习上。‎ ‎(1)believe是及物动词,意为“相信”,其后可跟名词或从句。‎ I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。‎ I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。‎ ‎◎believe in表示“信任”(即trust)。‎ She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。‎ ‎(2)在that if...的句中,that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句,而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句,we would...则是宾语从句中的主句。‎ We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.‎ 我们都确信,如果他们准时到的话,就不会被雨淋了。‎ ‎(3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth,表示“专心致志(于某件事),精神集中,全神贯注(做某事)”。‎ I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。‎ We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。‎ ‎10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我们有时很吵,但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。‎ ‎(1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。‎ We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。‎ He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。‎ ‎◎learn to do sth“学习,学会做某事”。‎ I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。‎ How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?‎ 比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的?‎ 短语链语 learn of“听到”,“获悉”。‎ He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息。‎ ‎(2)each other意为“互相”,通常指两者之间,在句中用作宾语、定语等;而one another意为“互相”,用来指两个以上的人或事物的相互关系。‎ You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。‎ The two girls often help each other in their lessons. ‎ 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。‎ 特别提示 在现代英语中,each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别,一般认为each other多用于非正式文体;而one another多用于较正式文体。‎ ‎11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天,我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。‎ ‎(1)本句中的volunteer是动词,表示“自愿做某事,当志愿者”等意思。‎ Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.‎ 战争爆发时,成千上万的人当了志愿兵。‎ We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。‎ 特别提示 volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人,志愿者”。‎ This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱,全是由志愿人员完成的。‎ ‎(2)local是形容词,意为“本地的,地方的”,在句中用作定语。‎ Following the national news we have the local news and weather. ‎ 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。‎ She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。‎ 特别提示 local用作名词时,通常用复数形式,意思是“本地人,当地人”。‎ The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。‎ ‎12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。‎ ‎(1)本句中的reply意为“回答,应答”,一般只用作不及物动词,后面与to 连用,表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。‎ He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。‎ How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢?‎ 特别提示 reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后,一一答复对方的问题或观点,故当以answer表示像answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时,不能用reply代替。‎ ‎(2)in your last newsletter是介词短语,在句中用作定语,修饰article。‎ ‎13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母关心我,”他说。‎ 本句中的care about为及物动词短语,意为“关心,在乎,介意”,其后接名词或代词,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。‎ The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。‎ She didn’t care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。‎
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