【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查 NOTICE：记住词性及在句中所承担的语法成分 (非限定性动词相当于n. adj. adv. 的用法，具体如下)。 1. 动名词( doing ) : n. adj. (其中动名词有四种形式即：一般式的主动形式(doing): n. adj. ，一般式的被动形式(being done): n. adj.，完成式的主动形式(having done): n.，完成式的被动形式(having been done): n. ) Notice: ⑴当完成式起名词作用时可与一般式互换,此种类型常跟在介词(for,after,upon,on,about,without,with,etc.)后。即:having done = doing ,having been done = being done ,如:I'm sorry for ... , I'm upset about having been punished / being punished by my teacher。⑵常与时态连考(一般式,完成式) 。⑶常考主动表被动，表示"需要做/该做..." : require / want / need / deserve...doing = require / want / need / deserve... to be done ，值得做：be (well) worth doing = be worthy to be done / of being done.⑷与there be句型连考。⑸与某些特殊句型连考。 2. 不定式( to do ): n. adj. adv. Notice: ⑴ to do表示意想不到的结果状语,常与Only连用。⑵其进行时无被动 (其理论上是有“进行时”的被动的，但极少用或为了使句子更加简洁，所以有的语法书上就干脆说，其“进行时”是无被动的)。⑶ in order / so as to do表目的时,其否定形式不能用not in order / so as to do ,而必须用in order / so as not to do。⑷常考too...to do...作结果状语（A. too + adj./adv.(多表性质，特征) + to do.“太...而不能”，主语可为人可为物，起消极作用；B.（not/never/only/all/but...）+ too + adj./adv.(表示乐意，愿意，容易等，如：eager,glad,easy,happy,pleased,etc.) + to do...时，“too”相当于“very”,“to do”不表示结果而表原因,主语多为人，且起积极作用；C. 句型：“not too...to do...”表肯定，译为：“不太...可以...” ； “too...not to do...”表双重否定，译为：“太...不能不...”）。⑸可与wh-/how连用 。⑹常考主动表被动。⑺表示过去本想做而没有做:V-ed +to have done = had done to do,would like / love to have done 。⑻常跟不带to的不定式(如，表示“别无选择或不得不做...”:cannot but do ,cannot help but do ,cannot choose but do ,etc.)。⑼ to的省略:(如: besides ,but ,except 的前有do后省to,及其他形式的省略)。 ⑽‎ 常与时态连考（一般式,完成式）（常考句型: It’s said /believed/reported...that +主语+其他=主语+be+said/believed/reported...to have done/to have been done。⑾与there be句型连考。⑿与某些特殊句型连考。 3. 分词( V-ing 表主动进行/ V-ed 表被动完成 ): adj. adv. Notice: ⑴由于完成式无adj.形式，所以在(限)定从的省略中完成式是不能做定语的，即无:having done的形式（但可作非限定性定语，也常被称为作状语或提于句首）。但可用done来代替后置的限定定语having done/having been done。⑵常与定语从句的省略连考。⑶ Being done/ （Having been） done作状语时的用法：A.“Being done”表示“(当时)正在被”相当于“When done”或“(当时)存在 / 伴随的状态”。B.在Having been done中:a. 若中文出现“后”“已经”等（字眼/时间状语）（英文却又没有给出如：“many/several times/years”等） ，则最好加上“Having been” b. 若中英文都没有给出明确的（已完成）的时间状语，则最好不加“Having been” c. 若中英文都没有明确的时间状语，但句意中的时间先后性极强，则最好加上“Having been” d 若英文中出现：many/several times ,etc. 则一定要加上“Having been”。（独立主格中也是如此）C.“Having been done”侧重于表动作被动的先后顺序；而“done”除了表被动外，还表(已完成的)状态。⑷常考V-ing作结果状语，其前可加thus,thereby。⑸作状语时可转化为对应的状语从句(伴随状语除外)，且常与时态连考(一般式,完成式)。⑹若强调时间，对比，转折关系时，则连词最好不要省(如:作条件状语时，若有连词unless ,则unless不能省,作让步状语时，若有连词though ,则也不要省)。⑺表示感官/感觉/使役/致使动词(hear,find,notice,set,make,have,get,wish,leave,etc.)+sb/sth+分词。但要注意以下三个方面:A.make,wish,want(特殊)后通常跟done作宾补（ Notice：① want宾补要注意：（not） want sb / sth (to be) done(常用) / doing（want前常带有否定词not）。区别(not) want sb / sth to do与want sb (not) to do .②句型：make sb/sth do ; make oneself done ）。B.set 后常用doing作宾补。(eg: His question has set me thinking deeply ) 。C.作宾补的分词若表示“正在被”，则前面要加being。⑻短暂性动词的V-ing不可作定语(eg: A. Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists ×；B. Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists √)。⑼ being + adj.不可作后置定语。⑽注意区别与动名词的说(叫)法和用法。 ‎ ‎4. 非谓语动词的四种复合结构 ( 由于有些非谓语动词的施动者不是主句的主语，则要添加其逻辑主语防止产生歧义。一般来说，逻辑主语是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者(它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系)，所以必定能在所在分句中找到，否则就会被视为语法错误。但是，有的逻辑主语却允许不表示出来: 如，无依着(悬垂/垂悬)分词通常暗含主语为：you ,he ,we ,it ,they ,one ,etc.在不影响句意的情况下是可以被接受的；若在无语境的情况下，则常会引起歧义是不能被接受的。另外悬垂结构通常出现在科技，新闻等文章杂志上，不鼓励在学习中使用）。但有的悬垂分词被约定俗成为习惯用语或当介词用是可以的，如：judging from / by ,according to ,etc.。等): ⑴动名词的复合结构，⑵不定式的复合结构，⑶分词的复合结构(独立主格结构)，⑷With 的复合结构（※）。 ⑴动名词的复合结构:①逻辑主语有生命:形容词性物主代词/名词's＋动名词。②逻辑主语无生命:代词普通格/n.＋动名词. ( Notice: 若逻辑主语虽表示有生命，但表示的是一类人时,不用①;若复合结构在句中作宾语(表示有生命的人或物)时也可用②;有多个逻辑主语并列时,不用①;逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词时,不用①) 。 ⑵不定式的复合结构: for / of sb to do ⑶分词的复合结构(独立主格结构): n. / pron.(主格) +分词/n./adj./adv./to do/介词短语 ⑷With的复合结构（※）: With + O + OC (V-ing/V-ed/n./adj./adv./to do./介词短语) (其中,V-ing表示主动进行,V-ed表示被动完成,to do表示将来,adj./adv.表示状态,介词短语表示位置.) ( Notice:①“OC”的形式通常根据其前的“O”来定（尤其“OC”是“V-ed”，“V-ing”的形式），但“to do”除外。②with复合结构中的纯净结构。) ‎ 总的来说：⑴动名词：n. adj.（Notice:一般式：n. adj.；完成式：n.）⑵to do：n. adj. adv.⑶分词（现在分词 / 过去分词）：adj. adv.（Notice:一般式：adj. / adv. 完成式：adv.）‎ 经典例题: ‎ ㈠ 单项选择 ‎ 1. ‎ He was busy writing a story ,only ___ once in a while to make a ‎ cigarette.‎ ‎ A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped ‎ 2. It isn’t cold enough for there ___ a frost tonight ,so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.‎ ‎ A. would be B. being C. was D. to be ‎ 3. There’s no ___ what he is going to do.‎ ‎ A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell ‎ 4. ‎“Do you have any clothes ___ today ?” the maid said.‎ ‎ A. washing B. to wash C. to be washing D. to be washed ‎5. The mothers saw their children well ___ at the nursery.‎ ‎ A. taking care of B. take care of C. to be taken care of D. taken care of ‎ 6. In order not to be disturbed ,I spent three days ___ up in my study. ‎ ‎ A. lock B. locked C. locking D. to lock ‎7. Please remain ___ to accept the fellowship .‎ ‎ A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. stand ‎ 8. As the light turned green ,I stood for a moment ,not ___ and asked myself what I was going to do.‎ ‎ A. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved 9. A young woman saw a pair of fashion boots in a shop that set her heart ___ .But the price was far beyond her means.‎ ‎ A. to race B. racing C. race D. raced 10. I’d love ___ the party night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.‎ ‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone ‎ 11. Under the environment of fierce competition ,the only way John could imagine ___ stress was to get tougher via making greater efforts.‎ ‎ A. handling B. handled C. of handling D. having handled ‎ 12. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .     A.accepting fully  B.being fully accepted  ‎ ‎ C.fully accepting   D.fully being accepted 13. While watching television ,___ .‎ ‎ A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings ‎ C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings ‎ 14. ‎___ the doorbell ,the little girl jumped out of the couch and went to open for her father.‎ ‎ A. Hearing B. Having heard C. Heard D. To hear 15. The old man ,___ so badly ,almost lost his memory.‎ ‎ A. hurting B. having been hurt C. being hurt D. to be hurt 16. The old man ___ so badly ,almost lost his memory. （无答案）‎ ‎ A. hurting B. having been hurt C. being hurt D. to be hurt ㈡ 改错。‎ ‎ 1. She didn’t want her son to be being taken out after dark .‎ ‎ 答案：去掉to be being ‎ ‎ 2. Besides ,the foreign teachers here work hard and try their best to make the activities lively and interested.‎ ‎ 答案： Interested——interesting ‎ 3. Such / That is the case,we’d better make another plan . ‎ ‎ 答案： Is —— being ‎ 4. We can’t imagine there is such a big library in the town .‎ ‎ 答案：Is——being ‎ 5. The villagers want there’s a bridge over the river . ‎ ‎ 答案： Is —— to be ‎ 6. Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.‎ ‎ 答案： Won——winning ‎ 7. In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.‎ ‎ 答案： Lived——living ‎ 8. Look，some of my classmates are practicing speak English over there. ‎ ‎ 答案： Speak —— speaking ‎ 9. Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. ‎ ‎ 答案：Climbed——climb/climbing ‎ 10. They are quiet ,aren’t they ? Yes .They are accustomed not to talking at meal .‎ ‎ 答案：Not to —— to not ‎ 11. At night ,I was sometimes very tired to do it. ‎ ‎ 答案：Very——too ‎　12. I‘d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. 　‎ ‎ 答案：Come前加to ‎ 13. I waved to her but failed attract her attention.‎ ‎ 答案：failed后加to ‎ 14. He decided to go to the south,find a good job and living there.‎ ‎ 答案： Living——live ‎ 15. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. ‎ ‎ 答案： can后加to ‎ BDBDD BBBBB CBCAB / ‎ 答案：去掉to be being 答案： Interested——interesting 答案： Is —— being 答案：Is——being 答案： Is —— to be 答案： Won——winning 答案： Lived——living 答案： Speak —— speaking 答案：Climbed——climb/climbing 答案：Not to —— to not 答案：Very——too 答案：Come前加to 答案：failed后加to 答案： Living——live 答案： can后加to