【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之二（24页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之二（24页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型10篇训练之二 ‎[一]‎ The more hours young children spend in child care, the more likely they are to turn out aggressive and disobedient by the time they are in kindergarten, according to the largest study of child care and development ever conducted. Researchers said this correlation（相关性）held true regardless of whether the children came from rich or poor homes, were looked after by a relative or at a center, and whether they were girls or boys.‎ What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person. What's more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory, leading some academics to suggest that child care turns out children who are "smart and naughty".‎ The government-sponsored research, which has tracked more than 1,300 children at 10 sites across the country since 1991,is bound to cause the debate over child care again: How should people balance work and family? And how should parents, especially mothers, resolve the demands that are placed on them to be both breadwinners and supermoms?‎ That debate was already on display at a new briefing yesterday, where researchers themselves had different opinions about the data and its implications（含义）."There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior," said Jay Belsky of Birkbeck College in London, one of the lead investigators of the study who has previously annoyed women's groups because of his criticisms of child care." On behalf of fathers or mothers?" ‎ interrupted Sarah Friedman, a developmental psychologist at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and one of the other lead scientists on the study." On behalf of parents and families," responded Belsky.‎ ‎"NICHD is not willing to get into policy recommendations," said Friedman, contradicting her colleague." There are other possibilities that can be entertained. Yes it is a quick solution—more hours in child care is associated with more problems. The easy solution is to cut the number of hours but that may have implications for the family that may not be beneficial for the development of the children in terms of economics." In an interview after the briefing, Friedman said that asking parents to work fewer hours and spend more time with their children usually meant a loss of family income, which adversely（不利地）affects children.‎ Scientists said that the study was highly reliable. But the researchers said they had no whether the behavioral difficulties persisted as the children moved to higher grades.‎ ‎13. Children who spend more time in quality child care will .‎ A. develop greater ability in language B. be easy to manage and less naughty C. possess great risk-taking spirit D. be greedy and mean to their classmates ‎14. What is still unknown about higher level of aggressiveness in kindergarten children?‎ A. whether higher level of aggressiveness can be avoided with longer child care.‎ B. Where longer child care equally affects children from different families.‎ C. Whether aggressiveness is a direct result of longer child care.‎ D. Whether longer child care improves intellectual ability in children.‎ ‎15. In the fifth paragraph the word "it" probably mean .‎ A. NICHD is unwilling to give parents recommendations B. NICHD is willing to give policy advice concerning child care C. the number of hours in child care should be reduced significantly D. parents should discipline the behavior of their children more strictly ‎【答案】13. A 14. C 15. C ‎【解析】研究显示，儿童早期在托管所呆的时间越长，对孩子的心里负面影响越大。很多细节相互之间的关联关系还需进一步的证实。‎ ‎13. 细节理解题。题干：在优质托管所呆更长时间的孩子们会…根据文章中第二段的内容What’s more, quality child care is associated with increased skills in intellectual ability such as language and memory优质托管和智力能力的增加技能，比如语言和记忆，有关联。故这里答案A（发展语言方面更强的能力。）正确，故选A。‎ ‎14. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容对研究不确定内容的表述What is uncertain, however, is whether the child care actually causes the problem or whether children likely to turn out aggressive happen to be those who spend more hours in child care. It also remains unclear whether reducing the amount of time in child care will reduce the risk that a child will turn into a mean person.不确定的是，是否托管所真能导致这些问题，以及是否可能有攻击性 的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里呆时间长的孩子。也不清楚减少孩子在托管所的时间是否会减少孩子变成吝啬的人的危险。答案C（是否攻击性是长时间呆在托管所的直接结果。）和上文表述一致，故选C。‎ ‎15. 词义猜测题。根据上文Jay Belsky的观点“There is a constant relationship between time in care and problem behavior, especially those involving aggression and behavior,”托管时间和问题行为有不间断的联系，特别是涉及到攻击性以及问题行为。Sarah Friedman陈述的观点中说：也有其他需要考虑的可能性。是的，这是一个快速的解决方法，托管更长时间和更多的问题有联系，简单的方法就是减少孩子托管的时间。故这里的it 指的是“托管事间应该减少”，故选C。‎ ‎[二]‎ Imagine that you’re looking at your company-issued smartphone and you notice an e-mail from Linkedln: “These companies are looking for candidates like you!” You aren’t necessarily searching for a job, but you’re always open to opportunities, so out of curiosity, you click on the link. A few minutes later your boss appears at your desk. “We’ve noticed that you’re spending more time on Linkedln lately, so I wanted to talk with you about your career and whether you’re happy here,” she says. Uh-oh.‎ It’s an awkward scene. Attrition (损耗）has always been expensive for companies, but in many industries the cost of losing good workers is rising, owing to tight labor markets. Thus companies are intensifying(增强）their efforts to predict which workers are at high risk of leaving so that managers can try to stop them. Tactics (策略）range from electronic monitor to sophisticated(复杂的）analyses of employees’ social media lives.‎ Some of this work may be a reason to let employees to quit. In general, people leave their jobs because they don’t like their boss, don’t see opportunities for promotion or growth, or are offered a higher pay; these reasons have held steady for years.‎ New research conducted by CEB, a Washington-based technology company, looks not just at why workers quit but also at when. “We’ve learned that what really affects people is their sense of how they’re doing compared with other people in their peer group, or with where they thought they would be at a certain point in life, says Brian Kropp, who heads CEB’s HR practice. “We’ve learned to focus on moments that allow people to make these comparisons.”‎ Technology also provides clues about which star employees might be ‎ eyeing the exit. Companies can tell whether employees using work computers or phones are spending time on (or even just opening e-mails from) career websites, and research shows that more firms are paying attention to these things. Large companies have also begun tracking badge swipes(浏览痕迹)---- employees’ use of an ID to enter and exit the building or the parking garage---to identify patterns that suggest a worker may be interviewing for a job.‎ ‎12. From the first paragraph, we can infer Linkedln is___________.‎ A. an e-mail B. a job from the Internet C. a professional social network D. a world-famous company ‎13. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?‎ A. The cost of losing good workers is rising.‎ B. Companies are stricter with workers than before.‎ C. Measures have been taken to find the potential workers who want to quit.‎ D. Finding new jobs has been a trend for most workers.‎ ‎14. According to the research by CEB, which of the following might be the most probable reason for workers to quit their jobs?‎ A. They don’t like their bosses. B. Workers are always doing comparisons.‎ C. Not seeing opportunities for promotion. D. To find a higher-paid job.‎ ‎15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?‎ A. To make a review on a phenomenon. B. To tell us the leader’s concerns.‎ C. To show a new trend in the job market. D. To stress the role of new technologies.‎ ‎【答案】12. C 13. C 14. B 15. A ‎【解析】本文中作者主要对人们为什么会离职做出了简要分析和评论。‎ ‎12. C 推理判断题。根据第一段and you notice an e-mail from Linkedln: “These companies are looking for candidates like you!”（原来是领英网的邮件：“这些公司正在招募着你这样的员工！”），可以推断出Linkedln是职业社交网络。故选C.‎ ‎13. C 段落大意题。根据第二段内容，尤其是Thus companies are intensifying(增强）their efforts to predict which workers are at high risk of leaving so that managers can try to stop them.可知，本段主要告诉我们公司采取了措施找到潜在的可能离职的员工。故选C.‎ ‎14. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“We’ve learned that what really affects people is their sense of how they’re doing compared with other people in their peer group, or with where they thought they would be at a certain point in life”,可知，员工离职的最主要原因可能就是他们总是在做比较。故选B.‎ ‎15. A 目的意图题。本文中作者主要对人们为什么会离职做出了简要分析和评论。所以可知，写作目的是对离职这一现象进行评论。故选A.‎ ‎[三]‎ In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity （繁荣）. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.‎ I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit（追求）of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.‎ However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others ‎ take an opposite attitude. In a culture In modern society there is a great deal of argument which only values the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffer under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only when this basic and often troublesome fear begins to disappear(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.‎ ‎12. What does this passage mainly talk about?‎ A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.‎ B. Opinion about competition are different among people.‎ C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.‎ D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition.‎ ‎13. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means _________ .‎ A. those who try their best to win.‎ B. those who value competition most highly.‎ C. those who are against competition most strongly.‎ D. those who rely on others most for success.‎ ‎14. What is the similar belief of the true competition and those with a “desire to fail”?‎ A. One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.‎ B. One’s success in competition needs great efforts.‎ C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.‎ D. One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.‎ ‎15. Which point of the view may the author agree to?‎ A. Every effort should be paid back.‎ B. Competition should be encouraged.‎ C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.‎ D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.‎ ‎【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D ‎【解析】【整体分析】本文主要讲述了不同的人对于竞争的不同的态度。有人认为竞争好好能促进社会的进步。而有人认为竞争对人的发展有害。‎ ‎12. B ‎　主旨大意题。第一段第一句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition” 在现代社会中，有很多关于竞争的说法。故选B。‎ ‎13. C ‎　细节理解题。第一段第二句“some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity” 有些人把竞争评价得很高，认为是社会进步和繁荣所必需的。由此句可知C是正确的。. ‎ ‎14. A 细节理解题。最后一段的后半部分“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.” 显然，这种信念与真正的竞争者试图证明自己是一样的。两者都基于一个错误的观念，即一个人的自尊依赖于比较他人的表现。故选A。‎ ‎15. D ‎　推理判断。最后一段最后一句“Only when this basic and often ‎ troublesome fear begins to disappear(缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.” 只当这基本的经常困扰人的恐惧开始消失了，我们才能发现竞争中新的意义。可以推断出害怕失败可以在竞争中消除。故选D。‎ ‎【名师点睛】：本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。‎ ‎[四]‎ Regardless of how far we’d like to believe gender（性别）equality in the workplace has come, there’s still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A 2018 statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEOs positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.‎ While it’s not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.‎ In their research, Professor Oyvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed (调查) 2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.‎ While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.‎ There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.‎ Obviously, it’s important to consider individual (个人的) differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you’re hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes (简历) from female candidates a harder look.‎ ‎4. What makes us shocked much at leadership positions?‎ A. Women are worse than men.‎ B. Men take almost all high positions.‎ C. There is a huge gap between genders.‎ D. Women might behave better in nearly every field.‎ ‎5. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “inherently” in Paragraph 4?‎ A. properly B. potentially C. naturally D. normally ‎6. Which of the following may be the best title of this text?‎ A. How We Can Figure Out The Boss B. Why Women Are Better Than Men C. Why Women Make The Best Bosses D. How We Can Tell Gender Difference ‎7. Who might have special interest in this article?‎ A. Job hunters.‎ B. Employers.‎ C. Employees.‎ D. Male bosses.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。本文讲述了在工作领域男性领导人和女性领导人地位不平等现象，指出一个研究结果显示，在领导位置上，女性可能在各个领域表现更好，倡议雇主在招聘领导岗位员工时应多考虑女性。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.得知，让人惊讶的是，在领导位置上，女性可能在各个领域表现更好。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women得知，人们认为男性自然能成为更好的领导者，划线词意思是“自然地”。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章主要围绕一个研究结果来展开论述，根据第四段this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.得知，本文强调了女性在管理层的地位，因此“为什么女性是最好的老板”这个标题切题。故选C。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But next time you’re hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes(简历) from female candidates a harder look.（但下次你要招聘一个管理职位时，你可能只想更认真地从女性候选人的简历中找出一份。）得知，雇主们会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。‎ ‎[五]‎ One of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming ‎ more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.‎ Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships? Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status. A man doesn’t expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.‎ But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.‎ In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear, many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster (牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.‎ But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitation of choice. The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.‎ We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn’t, it should be ended. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don’t put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.‎ ‎12. What is a contemporary family like in UK today?‎ A. Couples share the burdens.‎ B. Men begin to depend on women.‎ C. Women are responsible for housework.‎ D. It is difficult to take care of a family.‎ ‎13. Why do people preserve their independence?‎ A. To live alone happily.‎ B. To have more choices.‎ C. To avoid marriages.‎ D. To ignore traditions.‎ ‎14. What makes it hard for people to date?‎ A. Mental headache in dating.‎ B. The pressure to survive.‎ C. Bad luck in finding a partner.‎ D. The faith between life partners.‎ ‎15. What is the author trying to inform us in this text?‎ A. Perfect marriages conflict with independence.‎ B. People should spend more money on marriages.‎ C. The expectations and reality separate the lovers.‎ D. Independence is much more important than love.‎ ‎【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。根据英国最新的一项研究发现，50%的人觉得找到相伴一生的另一半更加困难了。本文简单地分析了造成这种现象的可能原因，指出对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实是阻碍找到另一半的原因。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn’t expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.‎ 可知，现在的女子在经济上独立，男子也不能指望女子负责所有的家务和养孩子，说明现在是夫妻双方共同承担负担。故选A。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.可知，人们认为独自生活也很好这种观念使得人们不愿意放弃他们的独立生活。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating(约会) difficult.可知，12小时的工作使得人们约会变得很困难，繁忙的工作花费了人们太多的精力，也就是生存的压力使得约会变得困难。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。文章主要分析现在的人们为什么很难找到生活伴侣，其原因可能主要是对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，文章第一段首先指出这种现象，二、三、四、五段分析造成这种现象的原因，最后一段是总结。因此，考生直接抓住最后一段中的“The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.”即可找到文章中心。‎ ‎[六]‎ Many schools have adopted a policy requiring high school students to take at least one arts class (music, theater, dance, visual arts, etc.) in order to graduate. Some people think that this is a good rule because high school students would benefit from exposure to the arts. Other people think such a policy would not be appropriate because graduation requirements should only reflect core (核心的) academic subjects. What’‎ s your opinion? Should high schools require that students take at least one fine arts class in order to graduate?‎ Some people argue an arts requirement would punish students who are not interested in the arts. True, many students who are not good at the arts may be worried they will be punished by receiving a low grade. But math class punishes kids who are not interested in math. However, everyone still has to take that.‎ Often, artsrelated subjects have a broader appeal than one might realize. Art class doesn’t just mean painting — we could be doing graphic design on computers, and learning skills that we can use in later life just as often as some of the other academics. For example, an engineer will use physics, but he might also use a graphics computer program to help him design the next great bridge or tall building.‎ Moreover, fine arts classes are good for teenagers. I know there have been many studies about how learning music makes you good at other things too. It exercises a certain part of your brain, and you get better at learning or thinking about complex ideas. Even if it didn’t make you smarter, a music or art class would still mellow you out. High school is a stressful time, and having 40 minutes a day to paint or play the guitar might calm everybody down a little. Plus, taking up art or music as a hobby might occupy a student’s time outside of school, so they are less likely to get involved with things like drugs.‎ So I hope you’ll agree there is no reason to fear the arts requirement in high school.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。对于高中生必须通过一门艺术课考试才能毕业的规定，人们褒贬不一，作者给出了自己的观点和理由。‎ ‎9．What is a reason why some people are against the arts requirement?‎ A．Not all students have a talent for the arts.‎ B．Students have no time to spare to do the arts.‎ C．Students doing the arts may fail core subjects.‎ D．Not all students will need fine arts in the future.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段内容可知，很多人认为必须通过艺术课的考试才能毕业的规定对于不擅长艺术的孩子不公平，因此他们反对艺术课考试。‎ ‎10．Why is the example of the engineer given?‎ A．To stress the importance of physics.‎ B．To show the usefulness of art class.‎ C．To describe computers’ great influence.‎ D．To prove the difficulties with graphic design.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。第三段中提到了“and learning skills that we can use in later life just as often as some of the other academics”，然后作者列举了一个工程师的例子论证上面的观点，目的就是用来说明艺术课可能会在将来用得上，即说明了艺术课是有用的。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined part “mellow you out” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Get you involved.　　　 B．Make you relaxed.‎ C．Earn you popularity. D．Bring you good luck.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。由画线词后面的解释“High school is a stressful time, and having 40 minutes a day to paint or play the guitar might calm everybody down a little.”可知，此处是说艺术可以使人放松。mellow out意为“悠然自得”。‎ ‎★12.What is the purpose of the text?‎ A．To encourage students to take arts classes.‎ B．To explain the development of the arts.‎ C．To introduce artsrelated subjects.‎ D．To defend the finearts policy.‎ 解析：选D　写作意图题。由最后一段“So I hope you’ll agree there is no reason to fear the arts requirement in high school.”和文中作者阐述的理由可知，作者强烈支持高中生必须通过一门艺术课考试才能毕业的规定。‎ ‎[七]‎ Teens are now less likely to do parttime jobs, drink alcohol or go out without their parents than teens 10 or 20 years ago. This generation of teens is delaying the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood. Some think today’s teens are more virtuous (有道德的) and responsible. Others say that teens aren’t working because they are simply lazy.‎ To figure out what’s really going on, we should look at these trends with “life history theory” taken into consideration. A “fastlife method” was the more common parenting approach in the mid20th century, when fewer laborsaving tools were available and the average woman had four children. The parents needed to focus on daytoday survival. As a result, kids needed to care for themselves sooner. A“slowlife method” is more common in times and places where families have fewer children and spend more time on each child’s development. When the average family has two children, preparing for college can begin as early as primary schools. The two methods are adaptations to a particular cultural background, so each isn’t naturally “good” or “bad”．‎ Delaying exposure to alcohol, then, could make young adults less prepared to deal with drinking in college. One study found teens who rapidly increased their bingedrinking (酗酒) were more at risk of alcohol dependence than those who learned to drink over a longer period of time. The same might be true of teens who don’t work, drive or go out much in high school. Colleges witness students who can’t do anything without calling their parents. Employers worry that more young employees lack the ability to work independently.‎ However, the slowlife method is also likely beneficial as teens are spending more time developing socially and emotionally (情感上) before they drive, drink alcohol and work for pay. The key is to make sure that ‎ teens eventually get the chance to develop the skills they will need as adults: independence, along with social and decisionmaking skills. For parents, this might mean pushing your teenagers out of the house more.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者指出了当今青少年并不急于长大的社会现象，并分析了造成这种现象的原因及其利弊。‎ ‎5．According to the text, teens in the past were more .‎ A．reliable B．innocent C．intelligent D．independent 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“This generation of teens is delaying the responsibilities and pleasures of adulthood.”，第二段的“As a result, kids needed to care for themselves sooner.”以及最后一段的“The key is to make sure that teens eventually get the chance to develop the skills they will need as adults: independence”可知，如今的青少年迟迟不愿长大成人，这是相对于过去的青少年而言的，以前的青少年总体上更独立一些。‎ ‎6．What plays a vital role in the trend of teens’ growing up more slowly?‎ A．Cultural changes.‎ B．Social standard.‎ C．Educational development.‎ D．Methods of education.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和最后一句“The two methods are adaptations to a particular cultural background, so each isn’t naturally ‘good’ or ‘bad’.”可知，造成这种社会现象的原因是随着社会的发展他们成长的文化背景变化了。‎ ‎7．What does the author advise parents to do?‎ A．Spend less time in accompanying their children.‎ B．Force their children to leave home at an early age.‎ C．Encourage their children to take part in social activities.‎ D．Help their children to get to adulthood as soon as possible.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，作者建议家长敦促青少年多出去参加社会活动，学习一些成年人需要的技能，包括独立、社交能力和做决定的能力。‎ ‎★8.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．How teens develop skills they need in the future B．Teens take no responsibilities for what they do C．Why today’s teens aren’t in any hurry to grow up D．Nowadays teens can’t make decisions by themselves 解析：选C　标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，作者首先介绍了当今青少年成长变得缓慢的社会现象，紧接着分析了造成这种现象的原因，最后又陈述了这种趋势的利弊。从总体上来说，文章紧紧围绕着“当今青少年为何不急于长大”这一问题展开讨论的，故选项C为本文最佳标题。‎ ‎[八]‎ ‎"Sorry,but I don't agree with you ..."This is usually followed by unbearable silence and angry tears.I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone,because I don't want to lose a friend.I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me,because my ego（自尊心）is hurt.‎ Before the other person gets a chance to explain why she disagrees with me,my usual response would be,"If you aren't able to see my point of view,then what you think isn't worth my time or consideration,either."But now I've come to realize that when a friend disagrees with me,sometimes she is simply saying,"I don't agree with the way things are done."She still respects me as a person,and is only pointing out a better way to look at a matter.However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth.That's when need to listen to what she says.‎ I've learned that one way to help my friend is for me to be open and honest with the other to voice my thoughts and listen to the other ‎ carefully.While we can't control how a person will respond to our views,we must learn to disagree with our friends in love.We will never feel that we are better than the other person.And that will help us to be less emotional,and more objective in the way we express our opinions.In the same way,we can also stay open to feedback（反馈）from others,knowing that our friends may be correcting us in love.‎ Good friendships build each other up,sometimes through disagreements and honest opinions.Though I don't like being disagreed with,I'm starting to see the value of such disagreements.‎ ‎8. The author has found it difficult to disagree with someone because .‎ A. he is a friendly person B. he usually hides his ideas C. he has no mind of his own D. he wants to keep the friendship ‎9. When a friend disagreed with him,the author used to .‎ A. be unhappy B. argue with the friend C. break up with the friend D. explain things calmly ‎10. The author will listen to a friend when .‎ A. he is against the truth B. he doesn't tell the truth C. he is respected by a friend D. he does things in the wrong way ‎11. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?‎ A. How to keep friendship. B. How to avoid hurting a friend.‎ C. How to express disagreements. D. How to deal with disagreements.‎ ‎【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D ‎【解析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过自己的经历，引出对朋友间出现“观点不同”问题的讨论。最后得出结论，真正的友情能够在争论和坦诚中促进双方的成长，虽然作者还是不喜欢他人反对自己的观点，但是他开始看到不同观点存在的价值。‎ ‎8. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I've always found it difficult to disagree with someone,because I don't want to lose a friend.”‎ 可知，作者认为很难反对某人意见的原因是害怕失去朋友，想要维持友谊。故选D.‎ ‎9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I've found it even harder to accept it when someone disagrees with me,because my ego（自尊心）is hurt.”可知，当作者的意见被他人反对时，他感到自尊心受到伤害。B选项“与朋友争论”，C选项“结束友谊”，D选项“冷静地解释”，原文中并没有提到。A选项“感到不开心”，符合原文内容，故选A.‎ ‎10. 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句“However, there may be times when my friend disagrees with me because I'm against the truth.That's when need to listen to what she says.”可知，作者认为，当他的观点违背客观事实时，他需要听取其他反对者的意见。故选A.‎ ‎11. 主旨大义题。阅读全文可知，文章主要谈论的是他人不同意自己观点以及自己不同意他人观点时如何处理的问题。阅读各个选项，只有选项D“如何处理争论”符合，故选D.‎ ‎[九]‎ A report by the US' Open Syllabus Project found that the most read books among US college students in the past year were books like The Republic by ancient Greek philosopher Plato and The Clash of Civilizations by US political scientist Samuel Huntington.And according to reports by Chinese college libraries,the most popular books among Chinese students are novels like Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils by Chinese author Jin Yong.‎ This is considered by many to be one of the reasons why Chinese students are sometimes not as good at critical thinking or observing global perspectives (视野) as US students—they read too many bestseller novels.‎ ‎"By reading texts in history/social studies,science,and other subjects,students build a foundation of knowledge in these fields that will also give them the background to be better readers in all areas,"Robert Pondiscio,vice president of the Core Knowledge Foundation in the US told Th.e Washington Post.‎ According to China Youth.Daily,there are usually five stages when it ‎ comes to reading,with popular novels at the bottom.More advanced readers normally go on to read classic fictional literature,history and philosophy,or books with critical ideas.‎ We spend hours,days or even weeks on a book,so it's only natural that we want to learn something useful in return for our efforts.Many see reading as an investment (投资) in themselves.But this practical view of literature and the thought that history and philosophy books are superior to novels are not agreed by everyone.After all,what they offer are two different kinds of satisfaction.While the former provides knowledge,the latter brings emotional experiences."Fiction and poetry are medicines,"UK writer Jeanette Winterson once wrote."What they heal is the rupture (裂痕) reality makes on the imagination."‎ ‎5. What are the most popular books among Chinese students?‎ A. Philosophy books. B. Bestseller novels.‎ C. History books. D. Books with critical ideas.‎ ‎6. What do Chinese students lack compared with US students?‎ A. Careful observation. B. Vast stores of knowledge.‎ C. Practical use of knowledge. D. Critical thinking.‎ ‎7. Which of the following does Jeanette Winterson probably agree with?‎ A. People read books to learn something useful.‎ B. Imagination is not so important as knowledge.‎ C. History and philosophy books are superior to novels.‎ D. Novels can bring necessary emotional experiences.‎ ‎【答案】5. B 6. D 7. D ‎【解析】本文是一篇议论文。介绍了一份调查报告，过去一年中美国大学生与中国大学生阅读内容的不同并分析了原因。‎ ‎5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“And according to reports by Chinese college libraries,the most popular books among Chinese students are novels like Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils by Chinese author Jin Yong.”‎ 可知，最受中国学生欢迎的书是作家金勇的“黛米神”和“半魔鬼”等畅销小说。故选B。‎ ‎6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“This is considered by many to be one of the reasons why Chinese students are sometimes not as good at critical thinking or observing global perspectives (视野) as US students”可知，中国学生的批判性思维（critical thinking）或观察全球的视野不如美国学生。故选D。‎ ‎[十]‎ So many of us hold on to little complaints that may have come from an argument ，a misunderstanding，the way we were raised，or some other painful events. Stubbornly，we wait for someone else to reach out to us — believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship.‎ A friend of mine，recently told me that she hadn't spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn't speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out，she said，“ I can't do that. He’s the one who should apologize. ” After a little gentle encouragement，however，she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement，her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case，when someone takes the chance and reaches out，everyone wins.‎ Whenever we hold on to our anger, we turn“ small stuff”问题）”into really“ big stuff” in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go，and reach out. Let other people be right. This doesn't mean that you're wrong. Everything will be fine. You'll experience the peace of letting go，as well as the joy of ‎ letting others be right.‎ ‎ You'11 also notice that，as you reach out and let others be “right”，they will become less defensive and more loving toward you. They might even reach back. But，if for some reason they don't， that's okay too. You '11 have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world，and certainly you'11 be more peaceful yourself.‎ ‎21. The underlined word “ rekindle” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”.‎ A. recover B. develop C. accept D. replace ‎22. In the author's opinion, we hold on to our anger often because we think .‎ A. we can turn small issues into big ones B. our positions are higher than others C. our own opinions matter most D. others will be less defensive ‎23. The best thing to do after a quarrel is to .‎ A. let go of our own rights B. realize that you are wrong.‎ C. expect others to give in D. apologize to others first.‎ ‎24. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. People should keep peaceful when facing small stuff.‎ B. Reaching out and apologizing wins one peace and happiness.‎ C. We should tell apart small and big stuff in our daily life.‎ D. It's necessary to enjoy our friendship and family relationship.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎21.A ‎22.C ‎23.D ‎24.B