【英语】2018届二轮复习夹叙夹议完形填空考点指导例析学案（7页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习夹叙夹议完形填空考点指导例析学案（7页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 夹叙夹议完形填空考点指导例析 ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ ‎ 夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义，作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，要理清文章的脉络与结构，把作者叙述的故事和要表达的观点结合起来分析，并且要把握关联词语，还要把握语气、动作等的描写，以期与作者达到共鸣。‎ 基础必读：‎ 完形填空技巧之行文逻辑 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。‎ 一、因果关系 ‎　[2015·四川卷] (节选) I'd always__24__，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what she would do，I gently __26__ one on top of the groundhog's head.‎ ‎24．A.thought B．doubted C．admitted D．recognized ‎25．A.While B．Or C．So D．For ‎26．A.fixed B．placed C．hung D．kept ‎ [解析] 24. A 　在切胡萝卜时，“我”一直觉得其末端像一顶帽子。think想，认为；doubt质疑；admit承认；recognize认出。‎ ‎25. C 　 因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为因果关系。‎ ‎26. B 　参考上题解析。fix固定，修理；place放置；hang悬挂；keep保持。‎ 二、同类关系 ‎ [2014·广东卷] (节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.‎ A. washing B. using ‎ C. dropping D. replacing 三、相对关系 ‎ [2014·重庆卷] (节选)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27_______ in the world.‎ ‎26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret ‎27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice ‎[解析]26. 考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A. loss丧失；B. failure失败；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。A项正确。‎ ‎27. 考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A. friendship友谊；B. devotion奉献、专注；C. kindness关爱、仁爱；D. justice正义、公正。C项正确。‎ 此处26. A. loss 与27.C. kindness 存在相对关系。四、转折关系 ‎[2015·天津卷] (节选) He couldn’t read his own handwriting.       ____ he was a bright student.‎ 30. A. so B. or C. for D. but ‎【技能方法】‎ 完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。做完形填空应该从以下几个方面入手：‎ 一、利用首句信息，扑捉文章大意。完形填空题的首句是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，它是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对理解全文有着重要的启示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索，展开对文章发展的预测。[来源:学+科+网]‎ 二、利用逻辑推理，确定语段关系。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的，逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，深刻体会句段之间的理解关系。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。‎ 三、利用词汇复现，寻找解题线索。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。‎ 四、利用上下文意，甄别词语差异。 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。‎ 五、利用语法分析，破解句子结构。对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。‎ 六、利用文化常识，轻松选定答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路轻松解题。‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎ Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk. And they’ve never actually 1 you. Everything they know about you 2 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 3 they feel they can know you 4 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 5 is.‎ ‎ Powerful, yes, but not always 6 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 7 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 8 me. I sometimes wished to 9 another agent.‎ ‎ One morning, I had to 10 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 11 . The woman sitting at the desk, 12 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 13 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 14 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought.‎ ‎ Rushing out 15 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 16 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 17 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 18 .‎ ‎ Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 19 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 20 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires.‎ ‎1. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met ‎2. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed ‎3. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed ‎4. A. rather B. also C. just D. already ‎5. A. Telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression ‎6. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate ‎7. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose ‎8. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused ‎9. A. promote B. train C. find D. know ‎10. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book ‎11. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time ‎12. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding ‎13. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced ‎14. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list ‎15. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully ‎16. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant ‎17. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless ‎18. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever ‎19. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness ‎20. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. Behavior ‎2．A　根据空格前面的“Everything they know about you…”和后面的through this device可知，他们对你的了解来自这个装置。‎ ‎3．B　根据上下文的意思“虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们只要通过你的声音，就可以了解你”可知，这里是转折的关系，因此答案为B。‎ ‎4．C　别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。此处使用just表示强调。rather相当地；also也；just只是；already已经。‎ ‎5．A　根据下文的only by phone以及第一段中的信息可知，此处指电话。‎ ‎6．D　结合文章倒数第二段的“Why had I thought she was cold？”可知，作者通过讲述这个故事，说明了有的时候电话联系不太准确。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate正确无误的。‎ ‎7．A　in person亲自；by myself靠自己；in public当众；on purpose故意地。A项与空前的faceless形成呼应，Rani是代理人，但是“我”从来没有与Rani碰过面。‎ ‎8．A　结合前面的her cold voice“她冰冷的声音”可知Rani的声音让作者感到恼怒，甚至想过要换一个代理人，这说明“我”对她的声音很反感。‎ ‎9．C　与前面的annoyed呼应，由于这个代理人的声音让作者感到恼怒，所以作者想换一个代理人。因此与find 的意义一致。‎ ‎10．D　结合空格后面的“…an immediate flight home for a family emergency.”可知，因为家庭中的紧急情况，所以作者需要预订一个航班。‎ ‎11．A　因为情况紧急，所以作者第一次来到了Rani的办公室。‎ ‎12．B　结合空格前面的“The woman sitting at the desk…”和后面的“…my madness,‎ ‎ sympathetically jumped up.”可知，坐在桌子旁边的那位女士，看见“我”的慌张，立即站了起来。‎ ‎13．B　结合后面的“…nodded while listening patiently…”可知这位女士对待作者的态度非常友好，因此B项符合语境。shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的。‎ ‎14．C　根据上文的an immediate flight home和下文的“Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport.”可知，这位女士马上给作者打印了机票。‎ ‎15．C　根据上文的“‘What a wonderful lady！’ I thought.”可知，作者认为这位女士帮了自己大忙，因此作者非常感激这位女士。hopefully充满希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遗憾地。‎ ‎16．D　根据空格后面的“…woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.”中的big smile可知，Rani富有同情心，待人热情大方，是一个令人愉快的相处对象。careful细心的；serious严肃的，认真的；nervous紧张的；pleasant令人愉快的。学科网 ‎【能力提升】‎ In case of emergency, would you stick to traditional ideas or abandon them?‎ Before long, a father from Dubai made his own 1 .‎ The father took the whole family out to enjoy the 2 in Dubai. While everyone was having fun, his 20-year old daughter 3 the deep waters and yelled for help in 4 . No one in the family was able to swim, so they could do 5 but watch the girl painfully 6 in the water. 7 , two lifeguards on the beach noticed her and 8 to save the girl. However, the father stopped them and shouted: “Leave her 9 !You are men. How can you touch my daughter? You will insult(侮辱) her if you save her.”‎ The two lifeguards tried every means to 10 the father but failed. Helplessly, they decided to 11 the father but 12 failed because the father was tall and strong. The father 13 losing his daughter instead of saving her.‎ The ending 14 quite as he had expected.His daughter soon disappeared under water.‎ Is it the seawater or the father’s traditional ideas that killed her daughter?‎ ‎ 15 , a delivery woman in Fengxian District, Shanghai remained 16 in a thick quilt without turning on the air-conditioner after giving birth in hot summer, which was 17 by her heatstroke(中暑) at home. Due to the 18 treatment her family adopted, she became seriously ill. After emergency treatment, she finally died and left her newborn baby behind.‎ We are often 19 by those so-called traditional ideas, which generally prove to be wrong.‎ The most tragic part is not how miserable your life is , but you are the 20 of your ideas.‎ ‎1. A. distinction B. voice C. choice D. determination ‎2. A. architecture B. beach C. waters D. sand ‎3. A. headed to B. slipped into C. jumped into D. walked towards ‎4. A. desperation B. amazement C. embarrassment D. depression ‎5. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ‎ ‎6. A. struggling B. swimming C. floating D. patting ‎7. A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Meanwhile D. Besides ‎8. A. jogged B. moved C. intended D. hurried ‎9. A. out B. behind C. alone D. off ‎10. A. persuade B. demand C. educate D. accuse ‎11. A. warn B. ignore C. abandon D. blame ‎12. A. even B. still C. almost D. ever ‎13. A. agreed on B. resisted C. insisted on D. allowed ‎14. A. turned out B. ran out C. turned over D. come over ‎15. A. Differently B. Similarly C. Frequently D. Eventually ‎16. A. tied B. wrapped C. sheltered D. trapped ‎17. A. suggested B. drawn C. informed D. predicted ‎ ‎18. A. careless B. rude C. considerate D. improper ‎19. A. impressed B. inspired C. troubled D. restricted ‎20. A. slave B. owner C. maker D. Loser ‎3.B 女儿不小心滑落水中。‎ ‎4.A 女儿不会游泳，故显得很害怕，绝望。desperation绝望；amazement吃惊；embarrassment尴尬； depression郁闷。‎ ‎5.D 家人都不会游泳，所以他们什么也做不了。 ‎ ‎6.A 女儿不会游泳，家人又就不了她， 所以只能看她在水中挣扎。‎ ‎7.C 就在这时（meanwhile与此同时）两个保安赶来了。‎ ‎8.D根据语境，两个保安慌忙跑过来营救。（hurried 匆忙、慌忙）‎ ‎9.C 根据下文的意思：这个爸爸由于受传统思想的影响不让别人碰她女儿，leave sb alone 离某人远点， 不要碰某人，听其自然。‎ ‎10.A两个保安想“说服”这个爸爸。‎ ‎11.B两个保安决定忽视，绕过这个爸爸直接去营救，但是失败了，因为这个爸爸很高大强壮。‎ ‎12.B 见11题分析。‎ ‎13.C这个爸爸最终坚持了自己的决定。（insist on doing sth 坚持做某事）‎ ‎14.A“结果”和这个爸爸期待一样。（turn out结果是、证明是）‎ ‎15.B“类似的”故事发生在另一个人身上。‎ ‎16.B tied栓，系；wrapped 包裹；covered覆盖；trapped困住。 根据文章的意思，尽管天气很热，她还是按照传统的思想用棉被将自己包裹的紧紧的。‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Do you have a dream? Is it part of your life? Everybody has dreams. I have a  1 , too. When I slept, I would dream of living it; when I  2 , I would work for living it.‎ One day, somebody told me, “To  3 is better than to arrive.” Hearing this, I  4 laughed it off, not quite understanding how that was even 5  . And I didn’t realize how true it was 6 I had what I wanted. Then I suddenly realized that the person living the dream was different from the one who had  7  for it. Since then, I have made a great 8  to work for the realization of my dream.    9   ,  I achieved what I had wanted. I have now become a wiser, calmer, stronger and more passionate person.‎ The journey has    10    me a lot. I made mistakes and learned from them. I  11   and learned to get up again. I cried and I learned to wipe away my tears. I made friends and learned to 12 people. I made enemies and learned to value  13 . The journey has transformed a caterpillar (毛虫) into a beautiful butterfly, eagerly waiting to 14 the world with her newly-found ‎ wings.‎ We all know that our    15   isn’t as perfect as it is in the fairy tales. It   16   great ambition and courage to fulfill our dreams. But we should remember that even if  17 gets in our way, nothing will 18 us.‎ So friends, always remember: “ Experience is the best 19 and there are no guarantees that one will become an artist. Only the   20   matters.” So let’s drink to a new journey. Cheers!‎ ‎1.A. reason B. permission C. dream D. question ‎2.A. got in B. got through C. got on D. got up ‎3.A. gather B. escape C. travel D. return ‎4.A. ever B. even C. almost D. just ‎5.A. possible B. difficult C. certain D. necessary ‎ ‎6.A. because B. until C. if D. after ‎7.A. paid B. worked C. prepared D. waited ‎8.A. effort B. research C. promise D. difference ‎9.A.Normally B. Regularly C. Finally D. Actually ‎10.A. pleased B. changed C. pressed D. worried ‎11.A. fell down B. set down C. looked out D. put down ‎12.A. value B. ask C. miss D. see ‎13.A. plans B. choices C. lessons D. concerns ‎14.A. save B. imagine C. enjoy D. explore ‎15.A. study B. life C. plan D. creation ‎16.A. attracts B. advises C. praises D. takes ‎17.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎18.A. persuade B. stop C. cure D. match ‎19.A. fruit B. course C. teacher D. hope ‎20.A. journey B. task C. decision D. wealth ‎2.D考查动词词组。A. got in到达， 收割；B. got through完成，经历；C. got on下车；D. got up起床，站起来。根据When I slept, I would dream of living it;可知“当我起床的时候，我为住在这里工作”。故选D。‎ ‎3.C考查动词。A. gather聚集；B. escape逃脱；C. travel旅行；D. return 归还。旅行比到达更好。故选C。‎ ‎4.D考查副词。A. ever曾经；B. even甚至；C. almost几乎；D. just仅仅，只是。听到这个，我只是笑着离开，不太明白那是怎么可能的。故选D。‎ ‎5.A考查形容词。A. possible可能的；B. difficult困难的；C. certain某一；D. necessary必要的。听到这个，我只是笑着离开，不太明白那是怎么可能的。 ‎ 故选A。‎ ‎6.B考查连词。A. because因为；B.not--- until直到---才；C. if如果；D. after在---之后。直到我拥有我想要的东西，我才意识到它是多么的真实。故选B。‎ ‎7.B考查动词。A. paid付款；B. worked工作；C. prepared准备；D. waited 等待。我突然意识到生活在梦想中的人与为之工作的人不同。故选B。‎ ‎8.A考查名词。A. effort努力；B. research研究；C. promise许诺；D. difference不同。为实现梦想努力。故选A。‎ ‎9.C考查副词。A.Normally正常地；B. Regularly有规律地；C. Finally最后；D. Actually实际上。最后我实现了我想要的。故选C。‎ ‎10.B考查动词。A. pleased满意；B. changed 改变；C. pressed按压；D. worried担忧。旅行改变了我许多。故选B。‎ ‎11.A考查动词词组。A. fell down倒下；B. set down记下；C. looked out小心；D. put down放下。我倒下，又站起来。故选A。‎ ‎12.A考查动词。A. value估价，珍惜；B. ask问；C. miss错过；D. see看见。我交朋友，学会珍惜人们。故选A。‎ ‎16.D考查动词。A. attracts吸引；B. advises建议；C. praises称赞；D. takes拿走，需要。它需要巨大的雄心和勇气来实现我们的梦想。故选D。‎ ‎17.A考查不定代词。我们应该记得即使有什么妨碍我们，没有什么能阻止我们。故选A。‎ ‎18.B考查动词。A. persuade劝说；B. stop停止；C. cure治愈；D.‎ ‎ match匹配。我们应该记得即使有什么妨碍我们，没有什么能阻止我们。故选B。‎ ‎19.C考查名词。A. fruit水果；B. course过程；C. teacher老师；D. hope希望。经验是最好的老师。故选C。‎ ‎20.A考查名词。A. journey旅程；B. task任务；C. decision决定；D. wealth 财富。只是旅程重要。所以让我们为新的旅程干杯。故选A。‎