2012-2017英语高考真题20122017英语高考真题汇编2阅读理解7选5题及答案

2012-2017英语高考真题20122017英语高考真题汇编2阅读理解7选5题及答案

阅读理解7选5‎ ‎2017年 Passage 2017全国卷Ⅰ，10分 话题：野营 词数：288 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1 ‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning. I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ‎ 4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ‎ 5 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. Passage 2 2017全国卷Ⅱ，10分 话题：避免工作被打断的方法 词数：261 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 1 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now. ‎ 2 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 3 . It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions. When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 4 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are. If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 5 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not Passage 3 2017全国卷Ⅲ，10分话题：早起词数：293 ‎ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock. 1 Here’s how to make one.  2 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 3 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 4  Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 5 If not, take another look at other methods you could try. A. Get a sleep specialist. B. Find the right motivation. C. A better plan for sleep can help. D. And consider setting a second alarm. E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.‎ Passage 4 2017北京，10分 话题：充足的睡眠帮助记忆 词数：307 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 1  One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 2 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（神经元） in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 3 ‎ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 4 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 〖ST〗18〖STF5〗 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 5 "You keep what matters," Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.  G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. Passage 5 2017浙江，10分 话题：如何做好街头采访 词数：311 How to Do ManontheStreet Interviews The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 1 But with these tips, your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthe-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. For example, if your topic is about environmental problems in America, you might ask, "Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?" 2  Hit the streets with confidence. 3 Say, "Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic." This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you. Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera. ‎ Don’t get discouraged. ‎  4 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 5  If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them. A. Limit your time. B. As you approach people, be polite. C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one. D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G. With a question like this, you will get more than a "Yes" or "No" reply.‎ ‎2012—2016年 ‎ Passage 1 2016全国卷Ⅰ，10分 词数：298‎ Secret codes （密码） keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 1 Code breaking never lags （落后） far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called ‎ cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 2 For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels"spell out the hidden message "Meet me."‎ ‎ 3 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me" would read "13 5 5 20 13 5."‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 4 For example, "bridge" might stand for "meet" and "out" might stand for "me." The message "Bridge out" would actually mean "Meet me." 5 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ Passage 2 2016全国卷Ⅱ，10分 词数：320‎ A garden that's just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 . But it doesn't happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎● 2 ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 4 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 5 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. ‎ A. Know why you garden ‎ B. Find a good place for your own garden ‎ C. It's our experience of the garden that matters ‎ D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have Passage 3 2016全国卷Ⅲ，10分 词数：269‎ Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 1 But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice ‎ as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn't difficult. 2 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ ‎ 3 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh. 4 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you'd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one.‎ There are many common methods used to cook fish. 5 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it's ready to serve.‎ A. Do not buy it.‎ B. The easiest is to steam it.‎ C. This is how you can do it.‎ D. It just requires a little knowledge.‎ E. The fish will go bad within hours.‎ F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.‎ G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.‎ Passage 4 2016北京，10分 词数：360‎ The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren't we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3 ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎ 5 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ Passage 5 2016四川，10分 词数：278‎ Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow. In fact,women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎ 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example:women, on average, get fewer colds than men.‎ ‎ 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency(倾向)to age more slowly than a man's. Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 5 ‎ A. However, women, on average, live longer.‎ B. The biological factor plays an important part.‎ C. Women are also helped by their female genes.‎ D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way.‎ E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.‎ F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.‎ G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions.‎ Passage 6 2015新课标全国Ⅰ，10分 词数:330‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. 2 It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ ‎ ●3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.‎ ‎●4 If you've been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a "victim mentality". At some point in all of our lives, we'll have our trust tested or violated. ‎●You didn't lose "everything".Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B. It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E. They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.‎ Passage 7 2015新课标全国Ⅱ，10分 词数：251‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 2 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 3 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 4 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 5 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time Passage 8 2015北京，10分 词数：356‎ This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 1 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. ‎ But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 2 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions? So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? ‎ First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 3 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task — preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings. ‎ It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. "Mindfulness", being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 4 ‎ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 5 ‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves. ‎ C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relativity, Coke or Post-it notes.‎ D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.‎ G. Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone.‎ Passage 9 2014新课标全国Ⅰ，10分 词数：297‎ The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ 1. Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 2 Ask kids,"What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?"and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?‎ 2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 3 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.‎ 3. Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know what's going on inside our own head, but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 4 "Why do you think she's crying?""Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?""If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?"‎ 4. Self-expression ‎ 5 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas — music, acting, drawing, building, photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ A. Encourage kids to cook with you.‎ B. And we can't forget science education.‎ C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.‎ D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?‎ E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.‎ G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ Passage 10 2014新课标全国Ⅱ，10分 词数：320‎ Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money, and time. 1 Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: ‎ 1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and ‎ there's nothing ready to eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 2 ‎ ‎2.Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 3 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal. ‎ ‎3. 4 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. ‎ Hopefully that gives you a good start. 5 And don't let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!‎ A. Try new things.‎ B. Ability is easily improved.‎ C. Make three or four instead.‎ D. Understand your food better.‎ E. Cooking is a burden for many people.‎ F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.‎ G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.‎ Passage 11 2014北京，10分 词数：323‎ Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health Information Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1 ‎ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 2 ‎ Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior "contributes to" or is "associated with" an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 3 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. ‎ Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 4 Evaluate "scientific" statements carefully, and be aware of quackery (江湖骗术). ‎ ‎ 5 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us. ‎ Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ A. Make choices that are right for you.‎ B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.‎ D. And examine the findings of the original research.‎ E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.‎ G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ Passage 12 2014辽宁，10分 词数：350 ‎ ‎ Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:‎ ●Schedule yearly exams. 1 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.‎ ‎●Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2 ‎ ‎●Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 3 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.‎ ‎● 4 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.‎ ‎●Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 5 Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.‎ A. Eat your greens.‎ B. Eye care should begin early in life.‎ C. They can properly protect your eyes.‎ D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.‎ E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.‎ F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.‎ G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.‎ Passage 13 2013新课标全国Ⅰ，10分 词数：243‎ Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润) — that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2 ‎ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment(制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 5 ‎ A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.‎ B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.‎ C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and ‎ many hospitals.‎ D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.‎ E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.‎ G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.‎ ‎ Passage 14 2013新课标全国Ⅱ，10分 词数：302 ‎ Public Speaking Training ‎●Get a coach ‎ 1 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.‎ ‎● Focus on positives ‎ ‎ Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. 2 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.‎ ‎● 3 ‎ ‎ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 4 .As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.‎ ‎● You are a special person not a clone ‎ ‎ Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 5 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.‎ ‎ A. You aren't like anybody else ‎ B. You already do lots of things well ‎ C. Turn your back on too many rules ‎ D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts ‎ E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough ‎ F. The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep ‎ G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse Passage 15 2013辽宁，10分 词数：350‎ Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.‎ ‎ 1 Try the following steps:‎ Calm yourself. 2 You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.‎ Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. 3 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person ‎ who upset you.‎ Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.‎ ‎ 4 If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.‎ Don't forget to forgive yourself. 5 But it can rob you of your self confidence if you don't do it.‎ AWhy should you forgive?‎ BHow should you start to forgive?‎ CRecognize the benefits of forgiveness.‎ DTry to see things from your offender's angle.‎ EFor some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.‎ FTo make your anger die away, try a simple stressmanagement technique.‎ GIf you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.‎ ‎ Passage 16 2012新课标全国，10分 词数：339 ‎ Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don't solve(解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. ‎ Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:‎ ‎ (1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. 2 They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.‎ ‎(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 3 ‎ ‎(3)Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 4 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it.‎ ‎(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 5 ‎ A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.‎ B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.‎ C. Different people feel stress in different ways.‎ D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.‎ E. You need to figure out what the problem is.‎ F. And don't forget about your friends.‎ G. Then, find a way to calm down.‎ ‎ Passage 17 2012北京，10分 词数：385 ‎ Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 1 Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.‎ Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. 2 ‎ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. 3 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.‎ Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 4 "Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life," she says. ‎ What's the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. 5 ‎ To really develop empathy, you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a "sharing circle" with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.‎ A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.‎ B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.‎ C. "One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking," Freed says.‎ D. Humans learn by example — and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.‎ E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else — both what they think and how they feel.‎ F. Good social skills — including empathy — are a kind of "emotional intelligence" that will help you succeed in many areas of life.‎ G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human — and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.‎ 阅读理解7选5 答案 ‎2017年 ‎ Passage 1‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程。 ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：介绍作者过去对野营活动有抵触情绪。 ‎ 第二段：被朋友游说参加野营活动，吃了不少苦头。 ‎ 第三段：作者再次参加野外活动，由于设施齐全，作者很享受这次活动。 ‎ 第四段：全家人都喜欢上了野营活动，因而购买了很多舒适的野营设备。 ‎ 第五段：作者喜欢上了野营活动。‎ ‎ 1.D 考查上下文的连贯。上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选D。 ‎ 2. C考查前后句的连贯。根据下文可知，这次野营活动从住宿、饮食到洗澡都很艰苦。故选C，对下文内容进行概括。 ‎ 3. 考查前后句的连贯。前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选A，起承上启下的作用。 ‎ 4. F考查上下文的连贯。本段讲述作者一家开始野营，并采购很多野营的装备。由此可知，自上次活动以来作者一家对野营活动非常感兴趣。故本空选F。 ‎ 5. E考查总结概括的能力。上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过程，由此可见，作者已经完全喜欢上了野营活动。故本空选E。‎ Passage 2‎ 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法。 ‎ ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：引出文章主题——当你在工作时如何避免被打断。 第二段：如果你很忙，要敢于拒绝别人的打断。 第三段：如果有人想要打断你，你可以制订出时间计划并告知此人。 第四段：当你需要与别人谈话时，不要在你自己的办公室里进行。 第五段：要充分利用你办公室的门。‎ ‎ 1. B 考查承启句。 根据上文的"Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with"以及下文的"there are several ways to handle things"可知，工作时被打断是要处理的最糟糕的事情之一，有几个处理事情的办法。空处承上启下，应选B项。 ‎ 2.A 考查主题句。 根据下文的"Tell the person you’re sorry...ask if the two of you can talk at a different time"可知，本段讲述的是当你忙的时候，要拒绝别人打断你。故A项符合文意。【技巧点拨】主题句是对下文内容的总结，所以要认真阅读下文的内容并准确得出主题句，切忌以篇概全，以点代面。‎ ‎ 3.E 考查承启句。 根据上文的"let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then"及下文的"It can help to〖WW(〗…〖WW)〗"可知，此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的。故选E项。 ‎4.D 考查承启句。 根据上文的"don’t do it in your own office"以及下文的"excuse yourself to get back to your work"可知，你如果不在自己的办公室里，就更容易给自己找到借口返回来工作。故选D项。 ‎ 5.G 考查承启句。 根据本段的首句"If you have a door to your office, make good use of it"以及下文的"when the door is closed"可知，G项符合文意。 ‎【技巧点拨】根据上文提到的关键词"door"以及下文的"closed"，再结合各选项的意思，很容易就确定出答案为选项G。 ‎【长难句解读】If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. 分析：句中If引导条件状语从句，而主句部分为祈使句，其中know后接宾语从句；so 连接并列句，其中that引导同位语从句，说明the hint的内容，在该同位语从句中when引导时间状语从句。 译文：如果有人敲门且不是什么重要的事情，就给自己找借口，并让那个人知道你很忙，这样他们能得到暗示，即当门关着时，你不要被打扰。‎ Passage 3‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯。‎ ‎1.C 考查前后句的连贯。第一段最后一句说"以下是如何制作一个"，代词one指代"计划"一词，因此本空选C。 ‎2.B考查小标题概括。空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的在说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。 ‎3.G考查前后句的连贯。本段最后一句谈到如果买咖啡机自己弄咖啡，早上可以多睡一会儿，因此前一句应该要与咖啡有关，本空选G。 ‎4. F考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到周末起床、睡觉的时间应该和平常一致，不然周末多睡反而会增加接下来工作日的睡意。F项中的no matter the day指的就是周末也应该和工作日的作息一致。因此本空选F。 ‎5.E考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的If not说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。‎ Passage 4‎ 这是一篇说明文。文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆，为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。‎ ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：所有的动物，包括人类，其睡眠的原因仍然是谜。 第二段:睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆。 第三段：睡眠为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。 第四至五段：Tononi的团队做实验证明睡眠为第二天的全新记忆腾出空间。 第六段：Tononi团队的另一发现，即如何将重要记忆保留。 ‎【背景知识】神经元（neuron）是一种高度特化的细胞，是神经系统的基本结构和功能单位之一，它具有感受刺激和传导兴奋的功能。神经系统中含有大量的神经元，据估计，人类中枢神经系统中约含1，000亿个神经元，仅大脑皮层中〖JP2〗就约有140亿。神经元的基本功能是通过接受、整合、传导和输出信息实现信息交换。神经元是脑的主要成分，神经元群通过各个神经元的信息交换，实现脑的分析功能，进而实现样本的交换产出。‎ ‎ 1.C考查前后句的连贯。所有的动物都睡觉，但其原因仍然是谜。当实验室的老鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们一个月内就死了。同样，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以C项正确。 ‎ 2.E考查前后句的连贯。第二段首句指出一个观点，即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。而E项则支持该观点，其中That指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点。 所以E项正确。‎ ‎ 3. F考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间，且由第四段第一句中的人称代词he可知，F项正确。 ‎ 4.G考查前后句的连贯。空前讲，有最直接的证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，而空后的内容介绍了实验结果，故可推知空处应是介绍了Tononi做的相关实验，故G项正确。‎ ‎ 5.B考查前后句的连贯。根据空前的关键词protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知，B项正确。 ‎【长难句解读】Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 分析：这是一个主从复合句，其中第一个that引导同位语从句解释说明theory的内容；从句中so that引导结果状语从句；making room for fresh memories to form the next day为现在分词短语作结果状语。 译文：越来越多的证据表明睡眠在逐渐演变，在晚上大脑中各神经元之间的联系会减弱，为第二天要形成的新记忆腾出空间。‎ Passage 5‎ 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成功地做好街头的采访。‎ ‎【段意梳理】‎ 第一段：街头采访的概念和秘诀介绍。 第二段：秘诀一——提前确定采访话题及问题。 第三段：秘诀二——自信并礼貌地提问。 第四段：秘诀三——碰到拒绝者不灰心。 第五段：秘诀四——把握好采访的时间及数量。‎ 第六段：秘诀五——注意需签署的授权协议书。 ‎ 1.D考查承上启下。该段用来引入本文的话题，根据语境尤其是下文中的"But with these tips"和"can be easy"可知，街头的采访对于新的记者来说似乎是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下建议，就能得心应手了，所以选D。 ‎ 2.G考查承接上文。由空前的"Why do you think"可知，提问时不要使用可以让对方给出"Yes"或"No"简短回答的问题，而应该提问能让被采访者多说一些内容的问题，故选G。 ‎ 3.B考查承上启下。由空前的"confidence"和下文中的"Excuse me"和"I was wondering"可知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选B。 ‎ 4.A考查段落主题。由空后的"shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes ...move on to the next person"可知，要控制采访的时间，故选A。 5.F 考查段落总结。根据空前的"A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten"可知，采访的次数不要过多，以约6至10次为宜，同时这些采访应当给出所有你需要的答案，故选F。‎ ‎2012—2016年 Passage 1‎ ‎ 文章主要介绍了与密码学相关的一些情况。‎ ‎1.D 根据后面一句"Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making"可知，此空该选D（只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们）。‎ ‎2.E 根据后一句的"For example, the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’"可知，此空该选E（你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息）。‎ ‎3.G 上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G（另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母）。‎ ‎4.F 由前一句的"a code book"和空后的"‘bridge’might stand for...‘me.’"可知，此空该选F（有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词）。‎ ‎5.A 本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A（没有密码书是很难破解密码的）。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎ 本文介绍了如何种植一个正好适合你的花园。‎ ‎1.F 根据文章首句及下文的"But it doesn’t happen by accident"可知，这里是在讲"你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的"。故F项"You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too"符合语境。‎ ‎2.A 根据下文中的"a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden"可知，本段的主题应与你想要种植花园的原因有关，故选A项。‎ ‎3.E 根据上文的"Some people may think..."和"Others are concerned about..."可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的"Still others may simply enjoy..."与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。‎ ‎4.C 根据上文的"...but that’s not what’s important"和下文中的"how being in those gardens ‎ made us feel"可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎5.G 上文的"the gardens of your youth"以及下文的"your childhood memories"与G项中的"those gardens"和"the strongest memory you have"相呼应，故选G项。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ 本文介绍了如何用简单的方法购买鱼和烹制鱼。‎ ‎1.G 由第1空后的句意表示转折可知，转折前的句子在语意上应该保持一致，即说明吃鱼对健康的益处。故选G。‎ ‎2.D 空前一句提到对鱼的选购、储存和烹制并不困难，空后一句讲本文是关于如何以一种简单的方式购买和烹制鱼的，故选D"这只需要一点点知识就能做好"。‎ ‎3.F 段落的支撑细节始终围绕主题句展开，本段中第二、三句围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，因此可以判断F项正确。‎ ‎4.A 第4空前提到，浓烈的气味说明鱼已不新鲜，故不能买这种鱼。据此可知A项正确。‎ ‎5.B 本段的主题为如何烹制鱼，下文讲到了烹制鱼的步骤：首先，洗净鱼；其次，添加调料；最后，将装有鱼的盘子放入蒸锅中，蒸8至10分钟即可食用（以重约为一磅的鱼为例）。故选B项"最简单的方法是蒸"。‎ Passage 4‎ ‎ 本文讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。‎ ‎1.F 选项F中的"weigh risks and rewards"与上文的"weigh the risk and the reward"相呼应，故F项符合语境。‎ ‎2.C 选项C中的"Being better at those things"与上文的"were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring"相呼应，因此选C。‎ ‎3.A 前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项"这完全是由你的性格决定的"符合语境。‎ ‎4.E 根据上文的"your willingness...teenage years"及下文的"hunger for new experiences..."可知E项符合语境。‎ ‎5.G 根据空后的"For the risk-seekers...becomes active"可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。‎ Passage 5‎ ‎ 文中分析了女性比男性长寿的原因。‎ ‎1.A 根据空格后的"In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men"可知，空格处讲的是平均来看，女人的寿命更长。同时，空格处所表达的内容与文章第一句构成转折关系。所以A项正确。‎ ‎2.G 此处为过渡句，解释什么是荷尔蒙并谈及它的作用。所以G项正确。‎ ‎3.D 由空格后的"They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections"可知，该段讲的是荷尔蒙的其他功能。所以D项正确。‎ ‎4.C 由空格后的"Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging...Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(倾向) to age more slowly than a man’s"可知，本段主要讲了基因与衰老的关系。所以C项正确。‎ ‎5.E 空处的前两句谈及了两个观点。所以E项正确。‎ ‎【长难句解读】Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. ‎ 分析：这是一个并列句。句中but连接两个有转折关系的分句，第一个分句中how引导宾语从句，第二个分句中that引导宾语从句。‎ 译文：科学家们仍不清楚基因怎样影响衰老，但是他们相信基因是会影响衰老的。‎ Passage 6 ‎ ‎ 本文介绍了三种策略，帮助我们重新建立信任关系。‎ ‎1.B 根据上句"信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为"和下句"信任是一种冒险"可知，此空选B，本句是对第一句话的进一步解释："信任是信赖某人"。‎ ‎2.E 上句说"有时，人们压根儿就无法再信任（别人）了"，下句说"这是可以理解的……"，由此可推测本句应是解释人们无法信任别人的原因。故选E。‎ ‎3.A 由下文的"对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择"可知，空处应是说"学会真正信任自己"，故选A。‎ ‎4.C 由本段最后一句"在我们生活的某个节点，我们的信任会受到检验或遭到亵渎"可知，此处应选C，即不要认为自己是个受害者。‎ ‎5.G 副词"Instead"表示转折。根据语境可推测这里应是说"看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生的事"。故选G。‎ ‎ Passage 7‎ ‎ 本文介绍了参加马拉松训练需要采取的循序渐进的策略和技巧。 ‎ ‎1.C 根据上文中的"requires careful preparation"和下文中的"buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes"可知，此处指的应是在开始训练前需要购置合适的跑鞋，故选C。‎ ‎2.E 根据上文中的"to double-check the fit"可知，应选E。E项中的"still feel good"是关键信息。‎ ‎3.A 根据上文中的"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天，故选A。‎ ‎4.D 根据上文中的"set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run"及下文内容可知，此处指的应是每天增加半英里，故选D。‎ ‎5.G G项中的"improving distance and time"与上文中提到的延长跑步距离，记录跑步时间等内容相呼应，故选G。‎ Passage 8‎ ‎ 本文主要介绍了如何有效利用空想来培养创新的想法。‎ ‎1.B 空前一句和空后一句都是空想家不好的外在表现，主语都是They，故答案为B项。‎ ‎2.C 选项C中的"relativity, Coke or Post-it notes"与空前的"greatest ideas and achievements"和空后的"such ideas and inventions"相对应，故答案为C项。‎ ‎3.A 选项A中的"also helps"与空前一句中的"help"对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想状态的条件，故答案为A项。‎ ‎4.E 本段主要谈如何避免空想。选项E中的It指代上句中的Mindfulness，此处是对上句内容的解释，故答案为E项。‎ ‎5.G 选项G中的"to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby"很好地解决了上句话中提出的问题，同时Therefore很好地把两句话进行了连接，故答案为G项。‎ Passage 9‎ ‎ 本文针对如何让孩子适应未来的工作提出了四点建议：要有好奇心、创造性、人际交往技巧和自我表达的能力。‎ ‎1.D 根据第1空后的"By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well"可知，第1空应填询问方式的问句，因此选D。‎ ‎2.A 本段标题是"Curiosity"。第一句说，孩子需要有好奇心。第2空后主要介绍在教孩子做薄饼的过程中如何激发他们的好奇心。因此本空选A。‎ ‎3.C 本段标题是"Creativity"。第一句说，真正的创造性就是用现存的材料创造出新东西的能力。故选C。‎ ‎4.F 本段标题是"Interpersonal Skills"。第一句说，理解别人的感受对孩子来说可能是一个挑战。根据空后的问题可知，本空选F,家长可以利用故事书中的人物教育孩子，引导孩子学会揣摩别人的心思。‎ ‎5.G 本段标题是"Self-expression"。根据下句"有很多表达想法的方式"可知，本空选G, 即能够用有意义的方式表达想法是一种珍贵的技巧。‎ Passage 10‎ ‎ 本文就时间紧迫的情况下如何烹饪给出了三条建议。‎ ‎1.B 上文提到人们不常做饭的三大原因：能力、金钱和时间。下面紧接着提到金钱和时间，因此本空谈论的应是做饭的能力。‎ ‎2.G 本段主题句是"Think ahead.",故G项与之呼应。‎ ‎3.C 上文提到"你在做一条面包吗？",下文提到"做更多的东西所花的时间基本上是一样的"，故此处指"那就做上三四条吧"。‎ ‎4.A 本段提到烹饪需要不断尝试、创新才能惊喜不断。故A项切题。‎ ‎5.F 前一句提到"那有望给你新的开始"，下文提到"don’t let a busy schedule discourage..."，因此F项衔接最好。‎ Passage 11‎ ‎ 本文就健康信息的评估来源问题向读者提供了几条建议。‎ ‎1.G 从文章篇章结构分析，此处起承上启下的作用。故选G项。‎ ‎2.D 本段的中心句是"Go to the original source.",选项D中的关键词语"original research"与本段主旨相吻合，故选D项。‎ ‎3.F 选项F与该段的主旨相吻合，F项中的also一词也很好地衔接了前一句话，同时从意思上也很好地引出了下文。‎ ‎4.B 选项B中的关键词语"an ad"与上句中的"advertisements"相呼应。‎ ‎5.A 根据文章结构分析，此处是本段的主旨句，结合后面的内容可知，本段主要讲的是我们每一个人要作出适合自己的选择，故选A项。‎ Passage 12‎ ‎ 视力在我们的日常生活中具有重要作用。超过5%的美国人担心失明，本文给出了五条建议，保证一生视力健康。‎ ‎1.B 根据下句"Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check"可知，句中的careful与B项中的care对应，"babies 6 to 12 months"与B项中的"early in life"对应。故选B。‎ ‎2.C 上句意为：不管是什么季节，戴太阳镜都是极其重要的。C项"它们能适当地保护你的眼睛"能很好地衔接上文。故选C。‎ ‎3.G 本段主题句是"Give your eyes a break."，G项"这样频繁的眼睛活动会增加眼疲劳的风险"符合本段主题，也直接引出下句"专家推荐人们采用20/20/20规则……"。故选G。‎ ‎4.A 空格处后文的内容是：作为健康饮食的一部分，每天要吃更多的水果和蔬菜。维生素C和E帮助保护视力，促进眼睛健康。所以A项"吃绿色食物"能够概括本段大意。故选A。‎ ‎5.F F项"Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear."和空格处上句中的"follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses"对应。故选F。‎ Passage 13‎ ‎ 本文向读者介绍了商业和商业管理的相关内容。‎ ‎1.D 前文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。由空后的"Commonly called nonprofits"可知选D，表示语意的转折，介绍非营利性商业机构。‎ ‎2.C ‎ ‎ 上句提到了非营利性商业机构，则空处应是提供更多的信息，对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选C。‎ ‎3.G 前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，与G项中的"three main aspects"相一致。故选G。‎ ‎4.E 前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面。故选E。‎ ‎5.A 第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是 planning, direction和control。接下来已经介绍了前两个技巧，最后一个技巧"control"还未提及，所以本空应涉及control的内容。故选A。‎ Passage 14‎ ‎ 本文就如何进行公共演讲培训给出了几点建议。‎ ‎1.E 从空格后的"so get help"(所以寻求帮助)来看，前面所指的事情难度较大。E项符合语境。‎ ‎2.B 空前的doing well与B项中的"do lots of things well"相对应。‎ ‎3.C 下文说读者要远离那些注意事项，本段标题应为C项，意思是"不去理睬太多规则"。‎ ‎4.G 上一句指出"你的大脑装满了要谈论的内容"，所以试图强行塞入一整套规则只会使情况更糟。故选G。‎ ‎5.A 此处是对小标题的解释说明，根据上一句中的"a special one"可知，A项最合适。‎ Passage 15‎ ‎ 宽恕有益于身心健康，本文对如何宽恕给出了几点建议。‎ ‎1.B B项"你要如何开始宽恕呢？"与空格后的"Try the following steps"衔接，符合文意。‎ ‎2.F 根据空格后的内容"你可以吸几口气,想些能带给你快乐的事情"及本段主题句"Calm yourself."可知，F项符合语境。F项中的"try a simple stress-management technique"与其呼应。‎ ‎3.G 本段前两句说"不要等待道歉。很多时候伤害你的人并没有打算要道歉"，由此可知，G项符合语境。此外，G项中的"wait for people to apologize"是关键信息。‎ ‎4.D 结合本段后面的叙述可知，D项"尽力从冒犯者的角度看事情"符合语境。D项中的"see things from your offender’s angle"与后文的"understand your offender"相呼应。‎ ‎5.E 空处前面说"别忘了要原谅自己"，后文说"但是如果你不这样做，它会夺走你的自信"，由此可知，E项"对有些人来说，原谅自己是最大的挑战"衔接上下文,符合语境。‎ Passage 16 ‎ ‎ 本文介绍了应对紧张的四个步骤,即获得支持,不独自面对,努力解决问题及积极点儿。‎ ‎1.C 根据下文"Some ways of dealing with stress...But other ways..."可知，面对压力，人们会有不同的应对方式。C项"不同的人对压力的感受方式不同"照应下文。‎ ‎2.F 根据下文"他们可能遇到和你相似的问题"可推知，除了向可信赖的成年人寻求帮助外，还可以向朋友寻求支持，另外由第3个步骤中的"you have support from adults and friends"也可知此处选F。‎ ‎3.A 根据上文提到的"独自面对压力不是个好主意"可知,此处A项"向他人求助使自己摆脱困境"承接上文,符合语境。‎ ‎4.E 根据下文内容可知,解决问题前首先应清楚问题是什么，故选E。‎ ‎5.D 根据上文中的"you’ll help yourself feel better even faster"可知,D项符合语境。‎ Passage 17‎ ‎ 去年，密歇根大学的研究人员公布了在过去的十年里，共鸣，即理解他人的能力在大学生中急剧下降。文章对这种现象的原因给出了不同的解释并说明了共鸣的作用和怎样提高情商。‎ ‎1.B 文章开头提到"...researchers from the University of Michigan reported that...",由关键词"researchers"及上下文语境可知选B。‎ ‎2.D 空处是对该段的总结，且应与下文呼应，第三段第一句中的examples是线索词，故选D。‎ ‎3.G 前一句说"Humans are socially related by nature."，"Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human"承接上文，故选G。‎ ‎4.F 本段首句提出主题"共鸣暗示了有领导才能"。空前的句子以公司寻找新经理的例子展开，空后表示转折，说明不具备情商的后果，因此可推知选F。好的社交技能，包括共鸣,是一种可以帮助你在生活的诸多领域获得成功的"情商"。‎ ‎5.C C项与空前一句中的"let down your guard and really listen to others"对应，故选C。‎