2019届二轮复习定语从句课件（38张）

2019届二轮复习定语从句课件（38张）

第三讲 定语从句 01 02 定语从句的种类 1. 限制性 定语 从句 | 2. 非 限制性定语从句 关系词的用法 1. 关系 代词的 用法 | 2. 关系 副词的 用法 3. 关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别 4. “ 介词＋关系代词”引导的定语 从句 5. as 引导的定语从句及其与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 I. 单句语法填空 II. 单句改错 III. 翻译句子 IV. 语法填空 V. 短文 改错 1. 定语 从句中的主谓一致 | 2. 非 限制性定语从句与并列句的 区别 | 3. 定语 从句与地点状语从句的区别 04 针对训练 03 定语从句的几个问题 2019 届二轮复习 定语从句的种类 在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词 。 定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 1 ．限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉 ， 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in ? 你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？ Shanghai is a city ( that ) I've always wanted to visit . 上海是我一直想参观的城市。 The time when I first met Mr . White was a very difficult period of my life. 我第一次遇见怀特先生是我一生中非常困难的时期。 2 ．非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词作附加补充说明， 如果去掉 ， 主句的意思仍然清楚完整 。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往 用逗号分开 。非限制性定语从句一般 不用 that 引导 。 The old woman, who lives on her own , has a cat for company. 这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。 Beijing, which is the capital city of China , is a very beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 关系词的用法 关系词 三重作用 连接主句与从句 在从句中作句子成分 指代先行词 1 ．关系代词的用法 几个常见关系代词的基本用法 01 关系代词 先行词 所作成分 是否可省 that 物 / 人 主语 / 宾语 作宾语时可以省略，前有介词时不可省略 which 物 主语 / 宾语 who 人 主语 / 宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 物 / 人 定语 不可以省略 1 ．关系代词的用法 几个常见关系代词的基本用法 01 How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday? 你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样？ He worked out the most difficult problem that I had ever seen. 他解答出了我所见过最难的题目。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 不爱活动或饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 He has moved into a house whose window looks out over the sea. 他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。 1 ．关系代词的用法 关系代词 that 与 which 的用法辨析 02 Henry is the most energetic young man that I have ever come across . 亨利 是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。 在限制性定语从句中指代物时， which 和 that 一般可通用。但要注意以下几种情况： 只用 that 而不用 which 的情况 ✔ 先行 词有形容词最高级修饰时 ✔ 先行词 有序 数词修饰时 This is the third time that they have met. 这是他们第三次见面。 1 ．关系代词的用法 关系代词 that 与 which 的用法辨析 02 He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited . 他 谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。 只用 that 而不用 which 的情况 ✔ 先行词 既有人又有物时 ✔ 先行词 为 all ， much ， few ， little ， something ， everything ， anything ， nothing ， none 等不定代词时 I'd like to tell you something that might make you surprised . 我 想告诉你一件可能会让你吃惊的事情。 ✔ 先行词 前面 有 the very ， the only ， the same ， any ， few ， little ， no ， all ， one of 等词修饰时 This is the very room that I slept in that evening. 这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。 1 ．关系代词的用法 关系代词 that 与 which 的用法辨析 02 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week ， which my classmates recommended to me. 我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克 · 福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。 只用 which 而不用 that 的情况 ✔ 引导非限制定语从句 时 ✔ 在定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时 I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important. 我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地。 2 ．关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 所作成分 when ＝介词＋ which 时间 时间状语 where ＝介词 ＋ w hich 地点 地点状语 why ＝ for ＋ which 原因 原因状语 2 ．关系副词的用法 We will put off the picnic until next Sunday when the weather may be better. ＝ We will put off the picnic until next Sunday on which the weather may be better. 我们把野餐推迟到下周日，那时天气可能会变好。 When I arrived ， he took me to see the house where I would be staying. ＝ When I arrived ， he took me to see the house in which I would be staying. 当我到达时，他带我去看了我将要住的房子。 The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. ＝ The reason for which I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 2 ．关系副词的用法 [ 名师指津 ] 　 where 引导定语从句时，不仅仅修饰具体的地点，还可以修饰抽象的地点，此时先行词常为 situation ， case ， point 等抽象名词。 He got into a situation where it was hard to decide what was right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 3 ．关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别 正确区分关系代词和关系副词， 关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成分 ，而不仅仅取决于先行词是什么。如果关系词在从句中作 主语或宾语 ，就用 关系代词 ；如果关系词在定语从句中作 状语 ，就用 关系副词 。试比较： This is the college (that/ which) I visited. This is the college where I studied three years ago. I’ll never forget the day (that/ which) we spent together. I’ll never forget the day when I got married. 4 ．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词的选用 先行词是人 whom 先行词是物 which 介词的选用 先行词的意义和搭配 从句中的动词或形容词的搭配 根据句子的意思判断 表示“整体和部分关系”常用 of 4 ．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ (on 与 the day 搭配 ) Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 (be devoted to 为固定搭配 ) John invited about 40 people to his wedding ， most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约 40 人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。 4 ．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 [ 名师指津 ] 　 whose 也可以放在介词后，即 “ 介词＋ whose ＋名词 ” 结构，个别情况下也可以用 “ 介词＋ when/where” 。 I wish to thank Professor Smith ， without whose help I would never have got this far. 我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会取得这么大的成就。 She climbed up to the top of the hill ， from where she could have a good view of the whole town. 她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。 5 ． as 引导的定语从句及其与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 引导限制性定语从句 01 It's the same person as we wanted to find yesterday. 我们昨天要找的是同一个人。 Such girls as he knows are good at English. 他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。 She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find. 她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。 其主要结构有： the same...as... ， such...as... ， as/so...as... 等。 主句中出现 the same ， as ， such ， so 修饰先行词，需选择 as 作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 5 ． as 引导的定语从句及其与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 引导限制性定语从句 01 [ 名师指津 ] 　 the same ， such ， so 引导限制性定语从句和结果状语从句的区别 the same ， such ， so 可以与 as 或 that 搭配。 as 引导的是定语从句，在从句中充当成分；而 that 引导的是结果状语从句，从句结构完整 。 It is so breathtaking a park that everyone wants to visit it .( 结果状语从句 ) It is so breathtaking a park as everyone wants to visit.( 定语从句 ) 5 ． as 引导的定语从句及其与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 02 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时都可以代指整个主句内容，其主要区别如下： 关系词 从句位置 意义 as 放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可 正如 which 只能放在主句之后 这一点 5 ． as 引导的定语从句及其与 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 02 As everyone knows ， China is a beautiful country with a long history. 每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。 The sun heats the earth ， which is very important to us . 太阳 使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 [ 名师指津 ] 　 当非限制性定语从句的谓语为被动式谓语时，常用 as 引导。 as be announced ， as be expected ， as be known ， as be reported ， as be said ， as be shown The air quality in the city ， as is shown in the report ， has improved over the past two months. 正如报告所显示的那样，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。 定语 从句的几个问题 1 ．定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中的关系代词作主语时，从句谓语的人称和数要与先行词一致。 01 He is the man who/that wants to see you. The pictures that/which look beautiful were drawn by him. as/which 作主语引导非限制性定语从句指全句时，从句谓语用第三人称。 02 Liquid water changes to vapor ， which is called evaporation( 蒸发 ) ． As is usual ， Hans came to school late this morning. 2 ．非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别 区分办法主要看前后句之间 是否有 and ， but 等并列连词或分号等的存在 ，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。 In our class there are 46 students ， of whom half wear glasses.( 定语从句 ) In our class there are 46 students ， and half of them wear glasses.( 并列句 ) 3 ．定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 where 可以引导定语从句，也可以引导地点状语从句，二者的区别主要看有无先行词。 Rice grows well in the place where there is enough water.( 定语从句 ) Rice grows well where there is enough water.( 地点状语从句 ) Ⅰ. 单句 语法填空 1 ． Like anything, it is possible to have too much of fat and salt ， ___________________ is not good for the health.(2017· 全国卷 Ⅰ) 2 ． Sarah ， ____________________ has taken part in shows along with top models ， wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ) 3 ． My eldest son ， ____________________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017· 天津卷 ) 4 ． The little problems ____________________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017· 北京卷 ) 5 ． In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017· 江苏卷 ) which who whose that/which/ 不填 whose Ⅰ. 单句 语法填空 6 ． My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, ____________________ I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016· 全国卷 Ⅰ) 7 ． I still remember the farm ____________________ my parents worked ten years ago. 8 ． I bought a great many books ， ____________________ which I spent all my money that I had saved. 9 ． There is so warm a house ____________________ we want to live in. 10 ． The only thing ____________________ is slower than before is the way we drive. when where on as that Ⅰ. 单句 语法填空 11 ． There is no simple answer ， ____________________ is often the case in science. 12 ． They have reached the point ____________________ they have to separate with each other. 13 ． Remember that there is still one point ____________________ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 14 ． The reason ____________________ which he refused the invitation is not clear. 15 ． Lily took a few friends to my birthday party ， none of ____________________ I was familiar with. as where which for whom Ⅱ . 单句 改错 1 ． In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) 2 ． Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time ： car magazines and musical instruments.(2017· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) 3 ． The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite. 4 ． Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o'clock at night. 5 ． We went up to the roof ， from which we had a good view of the procession. which that/which that/which 或去掉 what which where Ⅱ . 单句 改错 6 ． The children ， all of them had played the whole day long ， were worn out . 7 ． My house ， that I bought two years ago ， has got a lovely garden . 8 ． Which we know ， smoking is harmful to one's health . 9 ． This is the museum where we visited last summer . 10 ． Is this the reason why he explained for his rudeness at the meeting ？ whom 或 where →which/that which As 或 why →which/that Ⅲ . 翻译 句子 1 ．上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。 (whom/that 在从句中作宾语 ) 2 ． 桂林是座具有 2 000 年历史的城市。 (which/that 在从句子中作主语 ) 3 ． 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。 (who/that 在从句中作主语 ) 4 ．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。 (that 在从句中作宾语 ) The man whom/that you saw last week has left the town . Guilin is a city which/that has a history of 2 ， 000 years . The man who/that lives downstairs speaks English well . He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard . Ⅲ . 翻译 句子 5 ．查理 · 史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 (who 引导非限制性定语从句 ) 6 ．我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 (which 引导非限制性定语从句 ) 7 ．正如一句谚语所说，“只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。” (as 引导非限制性定语从句 ) 8 ．在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这是我做梦也没有想到的。 (which 引导非限制性定语从句 ) Charlie Smith ， who was my former teacher ， retired last year . My house ， which I bought last year ， has got a lovely garden . As a saying goes ，“ All work but no play makes Jack a dull boy .” I won the first prize in the Chinese speech competition ， which was beyond my wildest dreams . Ⅳ . 语法 填空 Laughter Yoga is a new form of exercise 1.________ promotes the use of laughter as a form of physical exercise. It 2 .________ (create) in the mid1990s as a social experiment. Although it came from India and 3.________ (definite) includes some yoga ， don't expect it to have much in common with the yoga classes 4.________ (offer) at your local studio or gym. Laughter Yoga attaches more importance to the former than to the latter. The method began in 1995 when Dr . Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park 5.________ (test) whether introducing regular laughter into people's lives would improve their wellbeing. Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple stretches into the exercises. that/which was created definitely offered to test Ⅳ . 语法 填空 Medical research has suggested 6.________ laughing is a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good. Kataria's Laughter Clubs are popping up in response 7.________ people's need to handle 8.________ (press) ． Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people 9.________ don't have access to a local Laughter Club. However ， connecting with other humans is a big part of Laughter Yoga's success in 10.________ (help) people feel better and experience more joy. that to pressure who/that helping The Lantern Festival this year fell on February 11th.On that day after school ， I hurried back to home to join in the preparation of the big family dinner. Grandparents taught me how to make sweet dumplings while Dad and Mom made dish. Then comes the dinner time. We all agreed that homemade dumplings tasted many sweeter. We chatted happily ， enjoy the family togetherness. After the dinner ， we went to the park ， where was built 100 years ago ， to appreciate the beautiful lanterns. Two huge dragon lanterns especial amazed us and we couldn't help flash our cameras. Walking in the park and admiring the beautiful moon ， we felt we were so luckily to have each other as a family and valued the time when we spent together. What a fantastic Lantern Festival! Ⅴ . 短文 改错 dishes came much enjoying which especially flashing lucky that/which 或去掉 when