【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错典题模拟训练10篇之十一(学案30页word版)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错典题模拟训练10篇之十一(学案30页word版)

‎2018届二轮复习 短文改错典题模拟训练10篇之十一 ‎1.‎ Dear Sir,‎ Thank you for your offer of invite me to the summer English course in your school. As for your choice between the two courses, I prefer the four-week course for 60 hours of study. Because of this would allow me more times to do some travelling and make a few new friends either. Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best. I had been learning English for 6 years but my spoken English remains poorly. So I hope to take this chance to improve it. If is possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order I can know some customs in England. I believe I will have wonderful time this summer. ‎ ‎ Yours truly,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. invite – inviting ‎ ‎2. your choice – my choice ‎ ‎3. because of – because ‎ ‎4. more times – more time ‎ ‎5. either – too ‎ ‎6. had been – have been ‎ ‎7. poorly – poor ‎ ‎8. is possible – possible ‎ ‎9. in order – in order that ‎ ‎10. have wonderful – have a wonderful 难点解析 ‎2. your choice – my choice 考查代词。句意:关于在两门课程中我的选择,我更喜欢四个星期60小时的课程,使用my和句子主语I一致。‎ ‎3. because of – because 考查连词。连词because后面要接句子充当原因状语从句,而介词短语because of后面要接名词或名词短语做宾语。‎ ‎4. more times – more time 考查名词。名词time“时间”是一个不可名词,没有复数形式。因为这会给我更多时间旅游。‎ ‎5. either – too 考查副词。副词too“也”,用于肯定句中表示“也”,either用于否定句中表示“也”。本句是一个肯定句,所以使用副词too。‎ ‎6. had been – have been 考查时态。原文中使用了过去完成时,表示过去的过去。实际上本文并没有“过去的过去”的含义,而表示到目前为止已经完成的事情,所以使用现在完成时。‎ ‎7. poorly – poor 考查形容词。在英语中系动词和形容词一起构成系表结构,而poorly是副词,通常不和系动词连用。句意:我已经学了六年英语,但是我的口语仍然很糟糕。‎ ‎8. is possible – possible 考查省略句。当状语从句中含有it is的时候,可以把it is省略掉。本句在If和possible之间省略了it is。‎ ‎9. in order – in order that 考查目的状语从句。连词in order that…为了…后面直接加从句充当目的状语,其中的that不能省略。‎ ‎10. have wonderful – have a wonderful考查固定搭配。固定短语have a wonderful time玩得很开心,其中的不定冠词a不能省略。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有:‎ ‎①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;‎ ‎②and前后动词时态不一致;‎ ‎③主谓不一致; ‎ ‎④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ‎ ‎⑤第三人称单数形式错用;‎ ‎⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。 ‎ They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(did改为do,错误类型属于①) ‎ As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②) ‎ There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) ‎ One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were,错误类型属于③)‎ 考点:考查短文改错 ‎2.‎ A discussion about hiking had been held in our class. Some students think that hiking during vacations can make people feel healthier, fresher or more harmonious with the nature. They find themselves deep attracted by the beauty of nature. They can also be relaxing by walking in deep mountains. But nowadays some hikers even begin to explore the places people have ever been to, and accidents have happened now and then because a poor knowledge of hiking. Some hikers even lost their life. The other students in our class think it not safe to organize so dangerous activities. They make suggestions what laws should be passed and hikers should be trained before they attend the activities.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. had改为has ‎2. or改为and ‎3. 删除nature前面的the ‎4. deep改为deeply ‎5. relaxing改为relaxed ‎6. ever改为never ‎7. because后接of ‎8. life改为lives ‎9. so改为such ‎10. what改为 that 难点解析 ‎2. or改为and 考查连词。本句表示三个形容词的并列,远足让人们感觉更健康,更有活力和自然也更和谐。‎ ‎3. 删除nature前面的the 考查冠词。名词nature自然,这是一个抽象名词,要单独使用,不需要接冠词。‎ ‎4. deep改为deeply 考查副词。本句中使用副词deeply表示抽象的程度很深,而deep表示的具体的深度;句意:他们发现自己被自然的美景深深地影响了。‎ ‎5. relaxing改为relaxed 考查形容词。过去分词转换的形容词relaxed通常修饰人或与人有关的事物,而relaxing通常修饰事物。句意:在深山中行走,他们感觉很放松。‎ ‎6. ever改为never 考查上下文串联。句意:但是现在一些远足者甚至开始探索以前人们没有去过的地方。‎ ‎7. because后接of 考查介词短语。连词because后面要接从句表示原因,而because of后面要接名词或者名词短语表示原因。本句中后面是名词短语a poor knowledge of ‎ hiking.,所以使用介词短语because of。‎ ‎8. life改为lives 考查名词单复数。当名词life表示生命的时候,是一个可数名词;当life表示生活的时候,是一个不可数名词。本句中life表示生命,前面有their修饰,说明使用复数形式。句意:一些远足者甚至失去了生命。‎ ‎9. so改为such 考查固定结构。可以使用such修饰有形容词修饰的名词,so的后面通常套接形容词或者副词。本文中such dangerous activities意为“如此危险的活动”。‎ ‎10. what改为that 考查同位语从句。本句中that引导同位语从句,在句中不充当任何成分,而what属于名词性从句的连接代词,在名词性从句要充当主语、宾语或表语等成分,不能省略。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文第10题考查了what和that引导同位语从句的用法,实际上what  和that 都可以引导名词性从句。 ‎ 一.在引导名词性从句时,从属连词that一般要注意三个不(three nos):‎ ‎ 1.不省略(no ellipsis) ‎ 当从属连词that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不省略。‎ ‎1) That he was able to come made us happy. (That 引导主语从句不可省略) ‎ ‎2)The truth is that I didn't go there. (that引导表语从句不可省略) ‎ ‎3)The news that our team has won is true. (that引导同位语从句不可省略) 但在非正式文体中that 引导宾语从句时可以省略,除下列两种情况外: that在宾语从句中不能省略的情况. ‎ ‎ (1).   在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that, 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.  Eg:  4) He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English.(that不可以省略) ‎ 他很明确地说他宁愿学习英语。 ‎ ‎(2).  由连词and连接的两个由that引导 的宾语从句中, 则第二个宾语从句前的that不省略。   ‎ ‎5) He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.(第一个That可以省略,但第二个that不可以省略。)他告诉我他将来而且他将准时来。 ‎ ‎2.不作成分(no component)that 在名词性从句中不作任何句子成分。 ‎ ‎6)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of ‎ her happiness.(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中不作任何成分) ‎ ‎ 7))That you don't like him is none of my business. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中不作任 何成分,也不省略) ‎ ‎3. 没词义(no meaning) ‎ that 在名词性从句中没有汉语意思。 ‎ ‎8)That she is a rich woman is known to us. (that在句中引导主语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义)       ‎ 她是一个很有钱的女子,这一点我们都知道。 ‎ ‎ 9)The thought that he might fail in the exam worried him. ‎ ‎(that在句中引导同位语从句,但在句中没有汉语意义)他也许会考试失败,这一想法使他很担心。 ‎ 二.在引导名词性从句时, What一般要注意一个不(one no),一个有(meaning),一个作(component): ‎ ‎1.不省略 what 引导名词性从句时,what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that 用法不尽相同。 ‎ ‎10) What I had for breakfast today was rice with egg.‎ ‎(what 在句中引导主语从句,what 不省略)       ‎ ‎11)----I think it’s going to be a big problem.       ----Yes , it could be . ‎ ‎      ----I wonder  what we can do about. (what在句中引导宾语从句,但在句中不省略)‎ ‎ 2.有词义 ‎ what 引导名词性从句时,有词义。一般是“----的东西/事情/话等”这一用法与that 用法不一样 eg. ‎ ‎ 1) This is what she wanted to show us. (what在句中引导表语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)这是她想让我们看的东西。 ‎ ‎  12)What the teacher said had a good effect on the children. (what在句中引导主语从句,在句中有词义,意思是“----的东西、事情)老师所说的话对孩子们有很好的作用。 ‎ ‎3.作成分 ‎ what 在引导名词性从句时,在从句中充当成分。这一用法与that 用法不一样。 ‎ ‎13)It doesn’t matter what he said.( it 是形式主语,what 在句中引导主语从句。‎ What 在主语从句中作said 的宾语。) ‎ ‎14)It was true ______Alice did surprised her mother. ‎ A. that what  B. what that  C. that  that  D. all what  ‎ 评析:这一题正确答案是A。it在句中是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句that Alice did ‎ surprised her mother.,在这个主语从句当中,what 又引导了主语从句what Alice did,‎ what在从句中作did 的宾语。 ‎ 三.要特别提醒同学们的两点: ‎ ‎1. What所引导的从句可以在介词后作宾语,而that从句一般不可以。 ‎ ‎15)After months of voyage ,Columbus arrived in _____later proved to be a new continent. ‎ A. where   B. which    C. what    D. that     ‎ 评析:答案是C。因为在介词in 后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句 中作主语。而that不可以这样用。 ‎ ‎  16) On stepping into his room, he was astonished to find the floor covered with _____looked like tiny insects.        A. that   B. something   C.  what  D. anything  ‎ ‎ 评析:答案是C。因为在介词with 后面,应该用what引导的宾语从句,what在宾语从句中作主语。而that不可以这样用。 ‎ ‎2.that可以引导定语从句,而且是定语从句引导词中的顶梁柱,它在定语从句中要充当成分,通常作定语从句中的主语、宾语。同时that也可以引导名词性从句,在名词性从句中that 不充当成分。 但What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句,在句中相当于 what =all that ,what 在名词性从句中充当成分,常常作主语、宾语和表语。‎ ‎17).All _____I want to know is what he meant .  ‎ A. that  B. which  C. what  D. whatever ‎ 评析:答案是A.本题是that引导的定语从句。而what不可以引导定语从句。What=all that .又因为先行词是all ,故其后不可以接which 引导的定语从句。而. ‎ Whatever=anything that /no matter what 从意义和语法都不符合。所以只能选A,that. ‎ ‎       18) ______impressed me most was ______such a little boy could play the violin so well.           A. That  what  B. What  that  C. That  that  D. What  what ‎ ‎          评析:答案是B.第一空是what 引导的主语从句,并在主语从句中作主语。第二空是 that 引导的表语从句,that在表语从句中不省略,不作成分,也没词义。 要真正掌握What  和that 在名词性从句中的用法,还得多多操练,熟能生巧(Practice makes perfect)。‎ 考点:考查说明文阅读 ‎3. I always have a dream to be a fluency speaker. Therefore, I am too shy to say a word in public. What is just beyond my wildest imagination is fortune should bless me with a chance to realize my dream. One day, my English teacher asked me to go to her office and told us that I was given an opportunity to participate in an English speaking competition. Hear this, I could hardly hide my excitement. When making preparation for the competition, I write my speech heart and soul. After I finished the composition, I discussed it with my teacher and got many ‎ advice on how to improve it. Under the help of my English teacher, I made a great progress.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. fluency改为fluent ‎2. Therefore改为However ‎3. is后面加that ‎4. us改为me ‎5. Hear改为Hearing ‎6. preparation改为preparations ‎7. write改为wrote ‎8. many改为much ‎9. Under改为With ‎10. 删除a ‎3. is后面加that 考查表语从句。句意:我想象不到的是运气降临在我身上让我们有实现梦想的机会。本句中含有一个表语从句,表语从句前面的连词that是不能省略的。‎ ‎4. us改为me 考查代词。句意:一天,我的英语老师要求我去她办公室并告诉我有一个参加英语演讲比赛的机会。根据句意可知英语老师告诉我,而不是我们,所以使用代词me充当tell的宾语。‎ ‎5. Hear改为Hearing 考查非谓语动词。本句中动词hear与句子主语I构成主动关系 ,所以使用现在分词在句中作状语,且表示和谓语动词的动作同时发生。句意:听见这件事情,我机会隐藏不住自己的兴奋。‎ ‎6. preparation改为preparations 考查固定搭配。固定搭配make preparations for...为...做准备。其中的名词preparation应该使用复数形式。‎ ‎7. write改为wrote 考查时态。根据第四句中的one ‎ day....,可知本文讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以使用过去式wrote。‎ ‎8. many改为much 考查形容词。名词advice建议,是一个不可数名词,不能使用many修饰,而应该使用much修饰不可数名词,表示“许多建议”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在短文改错中动词、名词以及连词的错误一直都是考查的重点内容。‎ ‎1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点,常见动词错误类型有 ‎ ‎①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;‎ ‎② and前后动词时态不一致;‎ ‎③主谓不一致; ‎ ‎④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ‎ ‎⑤第三人称单数形式错用;‎ ‎⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。‎ 本文分别属于非谓语动词及时态错误。‎ ‎2. 名词的常见错误:单复数名词错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。‎ 本文属于名词单复数错用,实际上形式上考查形容词,实际伤也和名词的单复数有关。‎ ‎3. 连词错误 ‎ 连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 ‎ 考点:考查记叙文改错 ‎4.About one year before, we got a lovely cat named Dexter. He enjoys watching my elderly neighbor in her garden. Although he won’t let her to touch him, he always keeps an eye on her.‎ One afternoon I heard Dexter calling strange. When I reached the door to check on him, his ‎ calling stops, so I headed back to the kitchen. Just as I did, his calling started again. I stepped outside to find Dexter sit next to my elderly neighbor had fallen. He didn’t have the strength to get up and shout for help. Dexter didn’t leave her sides until help arrived. With Dexter, she might not have been found in time.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. before改为ago ‎2. strange改为strangely ‎3. 删除check后on ‎4. stops改为stopped ‎5. sit改为sitting ‎6. had前加who ‎7. He改为She ‎8. and改为or ‎9. sides改为side ‎10. With改为Without ‎【难点解析】‎ 试题分析:本文属于记叙文,讲述了我家的小狗Dexter机智地挽救了邻居的生命的故事。‎ ‎1. before改为ago 考查副词。当副词before和一段时间连用的时候常常表示过去的过去,而ago与一段时间连用表示过去发生的事情。学科网 ‎2. strange改为strangely 考查副词。本句中使用副词strangely做状语修饰动词calling。形容词strange通常在句中作定语或者表语。‎ ‎3. 删除check后on 考查动词。动词check检查,核对,这是一个及物动词,后面直接加宾语,不需要时间介词。‎ ‎4. stops改为stopped考查时态。根据第一段的时间状语about one year ago可知本文在叙述过去发生的事情,所以使用动词过去式stopped在句中作谓语动词。‎ ‎5. sit改为sitting 考查非谓语动词。动词短语find sb/sth doing sth发现某人/某物正在做某事;find sb/sth do sth发现某人做了某事;句意:我走到外面发现Dexter坐在我已经摔倒的邻居旁边。根据句意可知表示正在发生的事情 ,所以使用sitting的形式。‎ ‎6. had前加who 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是my elderly neighbor,关系代词who指代先行词在句中做主语。‎ ‎7. He改为She 考查代词。根据第一段第二句He enjoys watching my elderly neighbor in her garden.中的her,可知我的邻居是一个女性,所以本句使用she,表示她已经没有力气爬起来或求救。‎ ‎8. and改为or 考查连词。在否定句中常常使用or,在肯定句中使用and表示并列。她已经没有力气爬起来或求救。‎ ‎9. sides改为side 考查名词单复数。本句使用单数形式表示这条狗不愿意离开她的身边。‎ ‎5.‎ Dear Mandy,‎ ‎ I'm not doing well in my lessons at school,especial in maths. My dad says I must try hard because he wants me go to university. He thinks I'm lazy,but it's not true. I work really hard,often study late into the night! I've tried to talk to my mother,but she always said I have to work as hard like my brother does. My brother doesn't study very hard,and he always gets excellent grades. It's not fair!‎ ‎ The only thing I like it is art. My teacher says I'm the best student she's had for year. When I told my dad,all he said was,“ You mustn’t waste your time in art. You must focus your mind on your lessons! ”‎ ‎ I'm feeling quite puzzling as to what to do now. Would you please help me out?‎ ‎ Thanks a lot!‎ Yours sincerely, Lisa ‎【答案】‎ ‎81.especial----especially ‎ ‎82.me后加to ‎83.study ----studying ‎ ‎84.said --- says ‎ ‎85.like --- as ‎ ‎86.and -- but ‎ ‎87.二段第一句it去掉 ‎ ‎88.year ----years ‎89.in---- on ‎ ‎90.puzzling----puzzled 难点解析 ‎82.me后加to 考察不定式作宾语补足语。want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事。 ‎ ‎83.study ----studying 考察非谓语动词。主句主语为I,doing作伴随状语,表主动。‎ ‎84.said --- says 考察时态。整个文章时态为一般现在时。‎ ‎85.like --- as 考察关系副词。as…as 像..一样。她说我不得不像我哥哥那么努力学习。‎ ‎86.and -- but 考察连词。此处为转折关系,用but。哥哥不努力学习,但是他总是能得到好的成绩。‎ ‎87.二段第一句it去掉 考察定语从句。先行词为the only thing,定语从句中缺宾语,已经省略关系代词that, 所以it 多余。‎ ‎88. year ----years 考察名词。for years不止一年。我是她这么多年来她见到的最好的学生。‎ ‎89.in---- on 考察介词。waste some time on sth. 把时间浪费在美术上。‎ ‎90.puzzling----puzzled 考察形容词。 人作主语时,用-ed结尾的形容词,物作主语时用-ing 结尾的形容词。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。‎ 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。‎ 例如:本题中的 ‎81.especial----especially (副词错误)‎ ‎82.me后加to ‎ ‎83.study ----studying (均为非谓语动词错误)‎ ‎85.like --- as (关系副词错误)‎ ‎88. year ----years (名词错误)‎ ‎89.in---- on (介词错误)。‎ ‎90.puzzling----puzzled (形容词错误)‎ 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括:主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。‎ 例如:本题中的87.二段第一句it去掉 (定语从句错误)86.and -- but(连词错误,句子逻辑性有问题)‎ ‎6.Dear John,‎ ‎ I am very sorry to tell you that I unable to go to your party this Sunday. It is very kind for you to invite me to your house. I really look forward to go to your party and sharing your happy experiences abroad. Much to my regret l would be absent from your party because the final exam is just in the corner. What's worst, I have caught a bad cold lately and I am really not me. Anyway, we will have much more chances to get together. I am true sorry. I hope you will forgive me but accept my sincere apology.‎ ‎ I am looking forward to your reply.‎ ‎ Yours.‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ ‎71.unable前加am ‎ ‎72.kind后的for改为of ‎ ‎73.look forward to后的go改为going ‎ ‎74.would改为will ‎ ‎75.just后的in改为around ‎ ‎76.worst----worse ‎ ‎77.me----myself ‎ ‎78.much----many ‎ ‎79.true----truly ‎ ‎80.but----and ‎ 难点解析 ‎74.would改为will 考查时态。缺席晚会发生在写信之后,用一般将来时。‎ ‎75.just后的in改为around 考查固定搭配。Around the corner 即将来临。‎ ‎76.worst----worse 考查比较级。What’s more而且,用作插入语。‎ ‎77.me----myself 考查代词。反身代词位于be后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。‎ ‎78.much----many 考查形容词。many more后接可数名词复数形式,表“更多”。‎ ‎79.true----truly 考查副词。副词truly修饰形容词sorry。‎ ‎80.but----and 考查连词。And连接两个同主语的动词,表并列和递进。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。‎ 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。‎ 例如:本题中的72.kind后的for改为of(固定搭配错误)‎ ‎73.look forward to后的go改为going(非谓语动词错误)‎ ‎74.would改为will (时态错误)‎ ‎75.just后的in改为around (固定搭配错误)‎ ‎76.worst----worse(比较级用法错误)‎ ‎77.me----myself(代词错误)‎ ‎78.much----many(形容词错误)‎ ‎79.true----truly(副词错误)‎ ‎80.but----and(连词错误)‎ 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括:主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。‎ 例如:本题中的71.unable前加am 三、语篇改错 语篇的测试包括:上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。‎ ‎7.Last weekend’s concert, organized and performing by the students of the Welsh Community College, was great success. The student had been practicing for months for the concert. They were excited that when they heard Gareth Jones was coming to present the prizes. Over 100 young performers play a mixture of jazz, classical or folk music. One of the highlights were 14-year-old Megan Evans, playing traditional Welsh folk songs. The concert ended with a very loud pop tune and anyone in the hall stood up and danced with the music. It was a magically atmosphere and a wonderful evening.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. performing改为performed ‎2. was后加a ‎3. student改为students ‎4. 删除that ‎5. play改为played ‎6. or改为and ‎7. were改为was ‎8. anyone改为everyone ‎9. with改为to ‎10. magically改为magical[来源:学。科。网]‎ 难点解析 ‎2. was后加a 考查冠词。本句中的名词success由抽象名词,具体化为可数名词“成功的人/事”,前面可以使用a修饰。句意:由Welsh Community College学生组织并表演的音乐会取得巨大的成功。‎ ‎3. student改为students 考查名词单复数。根据常识可知一场音乐会应该由很多同学一起表演,所以使用可数名词复数形式。‎ ‎4. 删除that 考查句子结构。本句中when引导的是时间状语从句,主句是They were excited,句中的that是多余的。句意:当他们听说Gareth Jones要来颁奖的时候,他们非常兴奋。‎ ‎5. play改为played 考查时态。本文讲述的是上周发生的事情,所以使用过去式played。‎ ‎6. or改为and 考查连词。连词or表示选择关系或用于否定句中表示并列。本句是肯定句所以使用and连接。句意:100多名学生表演了爵士、经典的和民间音乐。‎ ‎7. were改为was 考查主谓一致。本句的主语是one of the highlights,这是一个单数名词做主语,所以谓语动词使用单数形式。‎ ‎8. anyone改为everyone 考查代词。代词anyone通常用在疑问句和否定句中,或表示个体,而everyone用在肯定句中,表示整体。本句指所有人都站起来随着音乐跳舞,everyone表示整体。‎ ‎9. with改为to 考查固定搭配。短语to the music伴随着音乐。本句表示所有人都站起来随着音乐跳舞。‎ ‎10. magically改为magical 考查形容词。本句中使用形容词magical做定语修饰名词atmosphere,而副词magically通常在句中作状语,不能修饰名词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在短文改错的设空中,冠词、形容词副词以及代词是最常见的三种错误:‎ ‎1. 冠词错误:‎ 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);‎ 误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词) ‎ We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the,thesame 是固定搭配) ‎ As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants.‎ ‎ (mountain是可数名词需用冠词,所以其前加a) ‎ I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词,故have后加a)‎ 本文就属于抽象名词具体化以后成为可数名词,前面加a表示泛指。‎ ‎2. 形容词和副词错误:‎ 系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);‎ 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。‎ I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰)‎ My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)‎ ‎3. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;‎ 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;‎ 代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 ‎ Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. ‎ ‎(me 改为myself) ‎ ‎ One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) ‎ If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s) ‎ What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)‎ ‎8.I was working as a short-order cook at two restaurants in the same neighborhood. At an Saturday night, I was finishing the dinner shirt at a first restaurant and hurrying to work at the second place, but I was delayed. Because one table kept sent back an order of pancakes, insisting they were too colder. I replaced it several times, and still the customers were dissatisfied.‎ ‎ As soon as I was able to leave, I race out of the restaurant. Hardly I arrived at my second job when a server immediately handed me my first order. “Make sure of that these pancakes are hot,” she said, “because the customers just left a restaurant down the street where kept serving them cold ones.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. At改为On ‎2. a改为the ‎3. send改为sending ‎4. colder改为cold ‎5. it改为them ‎6. and改为but ‎7. race改为raced ‎8. Hardly后加had ‎9. 删除sure后of ‎10. where改为that/which 难点解析 ‎3. send改为sending 考查固定搭配。短语keep doing sth不停地做某事;‎ ‎4. colder改为cold 考查形容词。句意:因为一张桌子不停地把点的饼退回了,坚持认为这些饼太凉了。根据句意说明本句并没有比较级的含义,而且too后面接形容词副词的原级。‎ ‎5. it改为them 考查代词。本句中代词them指代前一句中提到的pancakes,因为pancakes是复数形式,所以使用them代替,it指代单数可数名词或不可数名词。‎ ‎6. and改为but 考查连词。句意:我把饼换了好几次,但是顾客们仍然不满意。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系,所以使用but表示转折。‎ ‎7. race改为raced 考查时态。根据第一段第二句At an Saturday night...可知本文叙述的是过去发生的事情,所以使用一般过去时。‎ ‎8. Hardly后加had 考查时态和倒装。固定句式:Hardly....when....一...就....;其中hardly后面的主句要使用倒装句形式,本句when后面使用了过去时,说明前面的主句应该使用过去完成时,因为主句发生的时间在从句之前。句意:我一到第二个工作的地方,服务员就给了我第一道点菜单。‎ ‎9. 删除sure后of 考查固定句式。动词短语make sure后面直接加that引导的宾语从句,而make sure of后面要接名词或名词短语做宾语。本句后面使用了宾语从句that these....,所以前面使用make sure。‎ ‎10. where改为that/which 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是a restaurant,关系代词which/that指代先行词在句中做主语,关系副词where在定语从句中做状语,不能做主语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在进行改错时,我们要注意改错四原则及四不改:‎ ‎ 1)以改动最少为原则。‎ ‎ 这是指每行最多只能改动一处,即在一个词上进行改动。可以是增词、减词、改词,但无论是何种改动,只能是增加一词,减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。没有错误的一行只需打勾表明正确而无需改动。‎ ‎ 2)实词以改变形式为原则。在改错中,实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式,而不能改变其词义也不能改换成另一个实词,更不能随便给添删。‎ 如:Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English.  talk---talking而不是去掉enjoy.‎ ‎3)以保持愿意不变为原则。一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则,即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系错误进行改正,且要小改而不大改。‎ ‎ (1) …are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives. (广东卷)‎ lives→living。make a / one’s living 为一固定短语。只需将 lives 改成 living 就可以了,不要将 their lives 改为 a living。‎ ‎(2) But I have spent most my money, so I cannot… (四川卷)‎ 在my前加 of。也有同学去掉 ‎ most,这种改法虽改正了语法错误,但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花 掉了大部分的钱,而不是全部”。‎ ‎4)虚词以添加或删减为原则。‎ 历年高考题需要添加或删除的地方为三四处。这些需要添删的词一般是冠词、代词、介词、关系词等,而动词、名词等的添删则不是很常见,因为太容易改变句子的原意。‎ ‎  (1) From his answer we shall know the something now.‎ ‎  不定代词前不能加冠词,所以故去掉the。‎ ‎  (2) Then I began to pay more attention my pronunciation.‎ ‎  固定搭配pay attention to后缺少介词to,应加上 四不改为:1)标点符号不改。2)大小写不改。3)词序错误不改。4)大纲外生词不改。‎ 考点:考查短文改错 ‎9.Dear Sir,‎ ‎ I’m writing to request a valuable chance to be one of the host families of the British students.‎ ‎ I’m good at English and my parents are all professors of English, so we won’t have any difficulty communicate with English speakers. My father is a excellent driver and we will be very glad to show foreign students around some nearby place of interest. Last month we received from two American students. We have a wonderful time. Besides, my mother is gift in cooking, but the students will be able to enjoy delicious Chinese food. I would great appreciate it if I could have the chance make friends with them.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. all 改为both ‎2. communicate改为communicating ‎ ‎3. a改为an ‎ ‎4. place改为places ‎ ‎5. 删除from ‎ ‎6. have改为had ‎7. gift改为gifted ‎ ‎8. but改为sp/and ‎ ‎9. great改为greatly ‎ ‎10. chance后面加to 难点解析 ‎2. communicate改为communicating 考查固定句式。句式have some difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难;其中的介词in可以省略。句意:所以我们和讲英语的人交流是没有困难的。‎ ‎3. a改为an 考查冠词。本句中名词driver司机是一个可数名词,前面有形容词excellent修饰,这个形容词是以元音开始的,所以使用不定冠词an修饰。‎ ‎4. place改为places 考查名词单复数。前面有形容词some修饰,说明该名词应该使用复数形式places。‎ ‎5. 删除from 考查动词。本句中动词receive收到,是一个及物动词,后面直接加宾语,不需要介词。‎ ‎6. have改为had 考查时态。根据前一句的时间状语last month,说明本句在叙述过去发生的事情,所以使用一般过去式had。‎ ‎7. gift改为gifted 考查形容词固定搭配。形容词短语be gifted in...在...方面有天赋;句意:我妈妈擅长做饭。‎ ‎8. but改为so/and 考查连词。句意:我妈妈擅长做饭,所以学生们会很喜欢美味的中国食物。上下文之间不是转折关系,而是因果关系或顺接关系,所以使用so/and连接。‎ ‎9. great改为greatly 考查副词。在英语中通常使用副词修饰形容词、副词或动词。本句中分词greatly修饰谓语动词appreciate it.句意:如果你给我和他们交朋友的机会,我会感激不尽。‎ ‎10. chance后面加to 考查不定式。不定式短语通常作为定语修饰一些表示抽象含义的名词,如ability、chance等。本句中the chance to do sth意为“做某事的机会”。学科网 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 短文改错中 词法的测试 ‎ ‎ 1.名词:主要是查名词是否可数,与其修饰语是否一致。 ‎ ‎ I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. ‎ ‎ 名词Hobby是可数名词,在这要用复数形式;playing football是一项运动,football只是一种球; sing和 listen to 要用动名词形式。  ‎ ‎2. 代词:对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致,常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。 ‎ He drove too fast, and the police stopped her. ‎ 前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代,故应将her改为him.  ‎ ‎3. 冠词:英语中只有三个冠词,但用起来却很复杂,在短文改错中,错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用,不该用时却用了;该用an用了a,该用a(n)却用了the. ‎ I meant to write letter and tell you all the things…‎ 名词 letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.‎ ‎4. 介词:检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配, 介词惯用词组等是否正确。 ‎ I am writing to thank you with your kind help. ‎ 动词短语thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配,故应将with 改为for. ‎ ‎5.  形容词、副词:形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。 ‎ I had not interest in English .interest是名词,应用形容词no来修饰,而not是副词,副词不能修饰名词 ‎ ‎6. 连词:短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确,是否 符合句子意思;连接的是词还是句子,是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题。平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。 ‎ As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.  ‎ ‎ 由于前句有As引导原因状语从句,因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。  ‎ ‎ The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. ‎ ‎ 根据上下文意思判断,前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折, 所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并 列连词误用。 ‎ 考点:考查短文改错 ‎10.Taking parts in recreation activities help us keep fit. There are various kinds of activity in our daily life, for example, listening to music, watching TV, playing chess, or going to cinema. But I think we’d better to have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains getting tired. But it’s a good idea to play ball games, go swimming, do some runnings, or even go for a picnic. Our brains also need changes to make itself smart and active. In a word, exercise is good for health.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. parts改为part ‎2. help改为helps ‎3. activity改为activities ‎4. to后面加the ‎5. 删除better后面的to ‎6. longer改为long ‎7. getting改为get ‎8. But改为So ‎9. runnings改为running ‎10. itself改为themselves 难点解析 ‎3. activity改为activities 考查名词单复数。本句中activity行动是可数名词,前面有形容词短语“various kinds of多种多样的”修饰,说明该名词应该使用复数形式。‎ ‎4. to后面加the 考查固定短语。短语go to the cinema去看电影。其中的the不能省略。‎ ‎5. 删除better后面的to 考查固定短语。短语had better do sth最好坐某事;had better的后面直接加动词原形,不需要to。‎ ‎6. longer改为long 考查形容词。句意:作为学生,我们通常在教室里坐的时间太长了。根据句意并没有比较的意思,所以使用原级long即可。‎ ‎7. getting改为get 考查句子结构。本句转换主语是our eyes and brains,get在句中做谓语动词,而getting属于非谓语动词,不能单独在句中作谓语。‎ ‎8. But改为So 考查连词。句意:作为学生我们在教室里坐的时间太久了,结果我们的眼睛和大难会累,所以,打球是一个好主意。根据句意可知上下文之间是因果关系,所以使用so而不是but。‎ ‎9. runnings改为running 考查固定结构。短语do some running跑步,类似的结构还有do some shopping等。‎ ‎10. itself改为themselves 考查代词。本句的主语是our brains,所以使用反身代词themselves作为动词make宾语。句意:我们的大脑也需要改变让他们自己聪明积极。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类: 1. 名词单复数用错,可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。   如:they take him lots of good book and fresh fruit.(2009.陕西卷) ‎ ‎ 此处book改为books. book前用lots of修饰,应用复数。 2. 动词:时态和语态,常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时,中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语,或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。   如:The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone。 把were改为are。根据上文可知饭店和鱼店消失都陈述的是现在的情况。 3. 形容词副词:常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where, when, why等的缺失或错用。   如:He has a comfortable room, patiently nurses, and a great deal of time to read. (2009.陕西卷) 此处patiently改为 patient.修饰名词nurses,用形容词。 4. 介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累,弄清常用介词的搭配。 5. 主谓一致性:第三人称单数漏掉s,或主语为复数,谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。 6. 冠词:定冠词the的多余或缺失,如季节,月份,星期,球类及三餐活动,称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a, an的混用,特别注意:hour, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母,但其发音却是以元音素开头,故用an,而useful, university, European, one—hour等虽然首字母是元音字母,但却以辅音音素开头,故用a。   如:and sports center has been built in their place. (2009全国卷I)‎ ‎ 在此sports前应加a。 sports center是可数名词单数,表示不确定。 7. 数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等,基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of,几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数,如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds。 ‎ ‎8. 连词:不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so),或相反等等。   如:This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to somebody else。 在此and改为but,前后构成转折,用but。 9. 代词:主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格,主格或相反,关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that,或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。 10. 常用固定短语或固定用法及句型用错。   如:It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.(2009浙江卷)‎ ‎ 在possible后加to。由 It is/was possible(或其他形容词)+ to do sth.固定句型决定。‎ 考点:考查短文改错 ‎11.Recently, as the development of the Internet, there is a kind of language calling the Web Language. The other day our class had a discussion about if we should welcome the Web Language. ‎ Forty percent of the students think it ridiculous. They argue that it does no good help people communicate, nor is it useful for learning languages. Beside, it'll make Chinese more standard and pure, finally ruining our mother tongue. However, 69% of our class is fond of it. They think it is simple, convenient and helpful in expressing them.What's more, it may make the language more interesting. ‎ Personally, it’s not good habit to use the Web Language. It may be popular, but you may also make yourself be misunderstood.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. as---with ‎ ‎2. calling---called ‎ ‎3. if---whether ‎ ‎4. help---helping ‎ ‎5. Beside---Besides ‎6. more---less ‎ ‎7. is---are ‎ ‎8. them---themselves ‎ ‎9. not后加a ‎ ‎10. be去掉 ‎ 难点解析 ‎2. calling---called 考查分词做定语。名词language与动词call之间构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词短语在句做定语,修饰该名词。句意:有一种被称为网络语的语言。‎ ‎3. if---whether 考查宾语从句连词。连词if是不能引导介词后面的宾语从句的,要使用whether代替if引导介词后面的宾语从句。‎ ‎4. help---helping 考查固定句式。句式It is no good doing sth做某事是无用的。句意:他们认为网络语言无助于人们之间的交流。‎ ‎5. Beside---Besides 考查副词。介词beside意为“在...旁边”,后面要接宾语;本句表示上下文的递进关系,所以使用besides意为“而且”。句意:人们认为网络语言不仅无助于人们之间的交流,而且还让中文更加不标准和纯正。‎ ‎6. more---less 考查上下文串联。这一部分人认为网络语言是对语言的污染,只会让汉语更加不标准不纯正。所以要使用表示否定意义的比较级形式的副词less。‎ ‎7. is---are 考查主谓一致。本句主语是69% of our class,百分数后面的名词是our class“全班同学”,所以谓语动词为复数形式are。当分数百分数后面的名词是不可数名词的时候,谓语动词使用单数形式。‎ ‎8. them---themselves 考查反身代词。本句中使用反身代词themselves作为动词express的宾语,语气比宾格更强烈。句意:他们认为网络语言很简单,便利且有助于表达他们自己。‎ ‎9. not后加a 考查冠词。名词habit习惯是一个可数名词,在前面加不定冠词a表示泛指“一个好习惯”,句意:就个而言,使用网络语言并不是一个好习惯。‎ ‎10. be去掉 考查宾语补足语。本句中过去分词misunderstood与yourself构成被动关系,直接用过去分词做宾语补足语即可,be是多余的。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 反身代词一直以来都是短文改错中经常设空的语法项目,先将其用法简单归纳如下:‎ 反身代词用法归纳 一、反身代词的基本形式 反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。‎ 二、oneself与himself 当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself:‎ One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。‎ 三、反身代词的句法功能:‎ ‎1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末):‎ The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。‎ Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。‎ Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。‎ You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。‎ Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。‎ ‎2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):‎ Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。‎ He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。‎ He made no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。‎ She finally gained control of herself. 最后她控制住了自己。‎ She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ Everybody here has the influenza including myself. 包括我在内所有人都患上流感。‎ The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。‎ She convinced herself that it was so. 她说服自己情况是这样的。‎ He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。‎ ‎3. 用作表语 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。‎ The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。‎ ‎【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态:‎ I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。‎ I’ll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。‎ ‎4. 用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等):‎ My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。‎ Jim’s sister and himself get up at six every day. 吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。‎ He was as anxious as myself. 他和我一样担心。‎ 考点:考查短文改错 ‎12. Frank joined the army after middle school. He did quite well in everything besides shooting. One day, the new soldiers were practiced shooting. Frank performed poorly while the rest was doing quite well. After he had shot at the target nine times but had not hit once, the officer shouted, “I had never seen such a fool! Don’t waste away your last bullet! Go behind that wall and shoot yourself with it!” Frank went behind a wall, and a few seconds late the sound of a shot was heard by the officer and the other soldier. “Heavens!” the officer said. “ Has that silly man real done so?” He ran behind the wall anxiously, only find Frank standing there straight, saying, “ I’m sorry, but I missed again.”‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. besides 改成 except ‎ ‎2. practiced改成 practicing ‎ ‎3. was 改成 were ‎ ‎4. Had 改成have ‎ ‎5. 把away 删掉 ‎ ‎6. a改成the ‎7. late改成later ‎ ‎8. soldier改成soldiers ‎ ‎9. real改成really ‎ ‎10. only和find 之间加to 难点解析 ‎2. practiced改成 practicing 考查语态。本句中主语the new ‎ soldiers与动词practice构成主动关系,所以使用过去进行时的主动形式。‎ ‎3. was 改成 were 考查主谓一致。本句的主语是the rest,指代其余的soldiers,当the rest指代可数名词复数的时候,谓语动词使用复数形式。‎ ‎4. had 改成have 考查时态。本句是一个直接引语,军官说:我从来没有见过这样一个傻瓜。在直接引语中使用现在完成时,表示到说话的时候已经完成的动作。‎ ‎5. 把away 删掉 考查动词。动词waste浪费,这是一个及物动词,后面直接加宾语,介词away是多余的。‎ ‎6. a改成the 考查冠词。在英语中常常使用定冠词the表示特指,本句中使用the修饰wall,特指前面一句中提到的that wall。‎ ‎7. late改成later 考查副词用法。副词later与一段时间连用,表示“一段时间以后”,句意:几秒钟以后,军官听见了一声枪响。‎ ‎8. Soldier改成soldiers 考查名词单复数。本句表示军官和其余的士兵都听到了一声枪响,而根据第三句可知很多新兵在一起训练,所以使用复数形式。‎ ‎9. real改成really 考查副词。在英语中通常使用副词做状语修饰动词,使用本句中使用really修饰谓语动词has done so。形容词real通常在句中充当定语或者表语,不能做状语。‎ ‎10. only和find 之间加to 考查不定式用法。不定式常常和only连用,表示意料之外的结果。句意:他焦急地跑到墙后面,结果却发现Frank还站在那里说:对不起,我又打偏了。学科网 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高,就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查,而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。‎ 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括:定冠词和不定冠词的用法;名词的单复数和名词的所有格;动词的时态、语态、语气,情态动词和非谓语动词等;人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法;介词的搭配;并列连词、从属连词的用法;形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法;固定搭配和习惯用法。‎ 例如:本题中的 besides 改成 except 考查介词 practiced改成 practicing 考查语态 ‎ had 改成have 考查时态 ‎ 把away 删掉 考查动词 a改成the 考查冠词 late改成later 考查副词用法 soldier改成soldiers 考查名词单复数 real改成really 考查副词 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括:主谓语在数上的一致性;名词性从句、定语从句和强调句;句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。‎ 例如:本题中的was 改成 were 考查主谓一致 三、语篇改错 语篇的测试包括:上下文的时态是否一致;上下文中的代词指代是否一致;上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。‎ ‎13.A very exciting thing happened this evening after dinner. I was outside my apartment with my friend Sunny and suddenly some funny clowns came dance down the street. After they had been gone, a beautiful lady rided past on a wonderful white horse. She told us that there had a circus in town tomorrow night. Then a man came along with two tiny dog. One of the dogs had a plastic ‎ envelope in it mouth. The man told us to take the envelope. When we open it, it had two free tickets of the circus inside. We were so surprising. Tomorrow is going to be best night ever! ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. dance改为dancing ‎2. 删除been ‎3. rided改为rode ‎4. had改为was ‎5. dog改为dogs ‎6. it改为its ‎7. open改为opened ‎8. of改为to ‎9. surprising改为surprised ‎10. be后加the 难点解析 ‎2. 删除been 考查语态。系表结构be gone是没有被动语态的。句意:在他们不见以后,一位美丽的女士骑着一匹漂亮的白马经过。‎ ‎3. rided改为rode 考查动词过去时。动词ride是不规则动词,其过去式为rode。根据文章第一段可知本文叙述的是晚饭以后发生的事情,所以使用过去式rode。‎ ‎4. had改为was 考查固定句式。句式there be有...;不和have连用。句意:她告诉我明天晚上在镇里有马戏表演。‎ ‎5. dog改为dogs 考查名词单复数。可数名词dog前面有数词two,说明应该使用复数名词dogs。‎ ‎6. it改为its 考查所有格 ‎。本句使用所有格its修饰后面的名词mouth。句意:在它的嘴上有一个塑料信封。‎ ‎7. open改为opened 考查时态。本文叙述的是过去发生的事情,所以全文都使用过去式。‎ ‎8. of改为to 考查固定搭配。名词“ticket票”后面通常接介词to,形成the ticket to....“进入....的票”。‎ ‎9. surprising改为surprised 考查形容词。过去分词转换而来的额形容词surprised意为“感到惊讶的”,通常修饰人或与人有关的事物,本句的主语是we,所以使用surprised来修饰它。surprising意为“令人惊讶的”,通常修饰事物。‎ ‎10. be后加the 考查定冠词。在形容词或副词最高级的前面要使用the表示特指。所以本题要在最高级best前面加the。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在短文改错中句法错误和行文逻辑错误考查较多,其用法如下:‎ ‎1. 常见句法错误。通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误。‎ 解答此类试题时,对句子结构分析正确很关键。 ‎ ‎(1) 简单句。考查主要以基本的句型为主。 ‎ e.g. 1. His words made all of us were happy.  ‎ ‎ 删除were。原句是简单句,形容词happy充当宾语补足语,were是多余的。‎ ‎    2. There had a discussion on how to solve the problem yesterday.‎ ‎ had改为was。本句为there be的简单句,have表示“有”不能和there be句式连用。‎ ‎ 本题的考查是完全相同的。‎ ‎ (2) 强调句,考查其基本的句型结构。 ‎ e.g. It was at midnight when I went home yesterday.    ‎ ‎ when改为that。本句是强调句型,基本结构为“It is/was....that/who....”。‎ ‎ (3) 复合句,主要对状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句等的考查。解题的关键是在读懂句意的基础上判断它属于什么从句。 ‎ ‎2..常见行文逻辑错误。多为前后句之间和上下文中的逻辑错误。很多情况下,在短文改错试题中,判断错误不能只从某个词或句子本身看,而要从上下文、乃至整篇文章去理解。这属于对文章逻辑关系的考查,这就要求我们做题时要准确把握文章的意思、内在的逻辑关系、篇章结构等。 ‎ ‎14.‎ Once a man got on a bus for New York. He hid in toilet, because he did not want to pay. But a passenger saw her. She tapped the person in front of her on the shoulder and say, "There's a bum(流浪汉) in the toilet. Tell the bus driver." The message was passing from person to person. But anywhere along the way, it changed. The bus driver was told that there was a bomb in the toilet. He immediate stopped the bus and telephoned the police. When the police came to, they told the passengers to get off the bus or stay far away. Then they closed the highway. This soon caused a 15-miles-long traffic jam. Under the help of a dog, the police searched for two hours. Of course they found no bomb!‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. in → in the   ‎ ‎2.her → him ‎ ‎3.say → said ‎4.passing → passed ‎ ‎5.anywhere → somewhere ‎6.immediate → immediately ‎7.去掉 to ‎ ‎8.or → and ‎ ‎9.miles → mile  ‎ ‎10.Under → with ‎【难点解析】‎ ‎1. in → in the    此处表示双方都知道的厕所,特指,故在in后面加the 。‎ ‎2.her → him  根据上文“a man”,故her → him。 ‎ ‎3.say → said 前后是并列关系,所以此处用一般过去时态,故say → said。‎ ‎4.passing → passed 句意:信息被传递。此处用一般过去时态的被动语态,故passing → passed。‎ ‎5.anywhere → somewhere 句意:沿着这种方式传递下去,信息的某些地方改变了。故把anywhere → somewhere。‎ ‎【知识归纳】‎ 以e结尾的形容词变成副词时,有的直接加ly ;有的把e去掉再加ly.‎ possible---possibly;simple---simply; gentle---gently; terrible---terribly; true---truly; flexible---flexibly;immediate--- immediately; brave---bravely; wise---wisely;active---actively
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