外研初三英语上册Module Home alone

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外研初三英语上册Module Home alone

一、重点词汇 ‎  ​platform  ‎ ‎· ​原文再现 ‎  It’s leaving from Platform 2.‎ ‎  它将在2号站台出发。‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  1. platform  n. 月台;站台。如:‎ ‎  Any train from this platform stops at Gatwick.‎ ‎  从这一月台开出的火车都在盖特维克停。‎ ‎  2. platform  n. 讲台。如:‎ ‎  Jane walked boldly up to the platform without faltering.‎ ‎  简沉着大胆地走上讲台。‎ ‎​  meeting  ‎ ‎· ​原文再现 ‎  The meeting in Lhasa is very important for us…‎ ‎  在拉萨的会议对我们而言很重要……‎ ‎​· 基本用法 ‎  meeting  n. 会议;集会,at meeting意为“在会议上”。如:‎ ‎  Our meeting in Beijing was later than I expected.‎ ‎  我们在北京的会面比我们预想的要晚。‎ ‎  I’m sorry Mr. Wang is at meeting now.‎ ‎  很抱歉王先生正在开会。‎ ‎  have/hold a meeting 意为:开会 ‎  The manager is having a meeting. ‎ ‎  经理正在开会。​‎ ‎· 知识拓展--相关单词 ‎  meet  v. 遇见;满足(过去式:met  过去分词:met  现在分词:meeting 第三人称单数:meets)‎ ‎  meet with. “遇到;碰到”强调偶然性;还常表示“遭遇;经历;遭到”。‎ ‎  I met with a childhood friend on the bus.‎ ‎  我在汽车上遇到一个儿时的朋友。‎ ‎  They met with an accident on their way back.‎ ‎  他们在回去的路上遇到车祸。‎ ‎  shut  ‎ ‎· ​原文再现 ‎  Shut it when you’re in and lock it when you go out.‎ ‎  当你在家时要关好门,当你外出时要锁好门。‎ ‎· ​基本用法 ‎  shut  v. 关上;合上(过去式:shut  过去分词:shut  现在分词:shutting 第三人称单数:shuts)​‎ ‎  Please shut the door behind you.‎ ‎  请关上你身后的门。‎ ‎· 知识拓展--相关短语 ‎  shut up 别讲话了;住嘴 ‎  shut down 关闭;停工。如:‎ ‎  The company had to shut down.‎ ‎  这家公司不得不关闭。‎ ‎  ​lock  ‎ ‎· ​原文再现 ‎  Shut it when you’re in and lock it when you go out.‎ ‎  当你在家时要关好门,当你外出时要锁好门。‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  1. lock  v. 锁;锁住(过去式:locked  过去分词:locked  现在分词:locking 第三人称单数:locks)‎ ‎  You should lock the jewels (up) in a safe.‎ ‎  你应当把珠宝首饰锁起来藏在保险箱内。‎ ‎  2. lock  n. 锁。如:‎ ‎  He made a hole in the door to fit a new lock.‎ ‎  他在门上凿了个孔,以便装一把锁。‎ ‎​  simple  ‎ ‎· 原文再现 ‎  I can cook simple meals.‎ ‎  我会做简单的饭菜。‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  simple  adj. 简单的;容易的。如:‎ ‎  Can you cook simple meals?‎ ‎  你会做简单的饭菜吗?‎ ‎· 知识拓展--词义辨析:simple/easy ‎  这两个形容词均含“简单的,轻易的”之意。‎ ‎  simple:普通用词,指不复杂、不难懂,从而容易被理解的事物。‎ ‎  easy:普通用词,指不需要花费太多精力的工作或事,在实际运用中常与simple换用。​‎ ‎  anybody  ‎ ‎· 原文再现 ‎  There won’t be anybody to wake you up in the morning.‎ ‎  早上没有任何人叫醒你。‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  anybody pron. 任何,相当于anyone,通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。如:‎ ‎  I won’t tell anybody I saw you here.‎ ‎  我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。‎ ‎  Why would anybody want that job? ‎ ‎  为什么会有人想要那份工作呢?‎ ‎· ​知识拓展--相关单词 ‎  some- any- no- every-‎ 指人 somebody 有人 someone anybody 任何人 anyone nobody 没有人 no one everybody 人人 everyone 指物 something 某物 anything 任何事 nothing 没有事 everything 一切事 指地点 somewhere 某地 anywhere 任何地方 nowhere 无处,没有地方 everywhere 到处 ‎  注:1. 由some-, any-, no-, every-构成的符合不定代词作主语时,都作单数看待,其谓语动词用第三人称 ‎  单数形式。‎ ‎  2. 不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后,作后置定语。如:‎ ‎  I’d like something to drink.‎ ‎  我想要些喝的。‎ ‎  Is there anything interesting in the book?‎ ‎  这本书中有有趣的东西吗?‎ ‎  ​text  ‎ ‎· ​原文再现 ‎  Send me a text message.‎ ‎  给我发条短信。‎ ‎· ​基本用法 ‎  text  n. 文本,正文,text message意为“短信”。如:‎ ‎  The text message she sent makes me laugh.‎ ‎  她发给我的短信让我大笑。‎ ‎​  couple  ‎ ‎· 原文再现 ‎  See you in a couple of weeks!‎ ‎  两个星期后见!‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  couple  n.  一对;两个,a couple of意为“两个”,当其作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:‎ ‎  I've got a couple of questions to ask you.‎ ‎  我有几个问题想问你。‎ ‎· 知识拓展--词义辨析:couple/pair ‎  这两个名词均有“一对,一双”之意。‎ ‎  1.couple:多指在一起或彼此有关系的两个人或两个同样的事物。‎ ‎  They are a nice couple.  ‎ ‎  他们是很美满的一对。‎ ‎  Next door to us there's a couple from the USA. ‎ ‎  我们隔壁住著来自美国的一对夫妇。‎ ‎  2.pair:含义广泛,可指人或物。用于物时,指两个互属的事物,缺此或失彼都会失去使用价值,或 ‎  指由相对称的两部分构成的一件东西。‎ ‎  These two cups will make a pair. ‎ ‎  这两个杯子可以配成一对。‎ ‎  The newly married couple are really a happy pair.  ‎ ‎  那对新婚夫妇真是快乐的一对。‎ ‎  ​manage  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  Actually, they managed every minute of my life.‎ ‎  事实上,他们安排了我生活中的每一分钟。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  manage  v. 管理;支配 ‎  (过去式:managed  过去分词:managed  现在分词:managing 第三人称单数:manages)‎ ‎  manage to do sth. 意为“设法做成某事”,相当于succeed in doing。如:‎ ‎  How do you manage to do such a thing?‎ ‎  你是怎么设法做这样的事?‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--相关单词 ‎  manager   n. 经理;管理者;管家。如:‎ ‎  He is the manager of the company.‎ ‎  他是这家公司的管理者。‎ ‎​  unhappy  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  …I felt a bit unhappy with them.…‎ ‎  …但是我对他们感到有点不满意。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  unhappy  adj. 不高兴的,它是由否定前缀un-加happy构成的。如:‎ ‎  I was unhappy because of the terrible travel.‎ ‎  我因为糟糕的旅行而感到不快。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--相关单词 ‎  用前缀 un-形成的单词还有:‎ ‎  uncomfortable 不舒服的  unclear 不清楚的    unfriendly 不友善的 ‎  unwelcome 不受欢迎的   unfortunate 不幸的 ‎ ‎​  turn off  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  “Turn off the TV!"‎ ‎  ”关掉电视机!‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  turn off 意为“关掉(电源、自来水、煤气、无线电等)”,当代词作宾语时,必须放在中间。如:‎ ‎  The radio is too noisy. Turn it off.‎ ‎  收音机太吵了。把它关掉吧。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--词义辨析:take 词组 ‎  1. turn up 放大、调高(声音等)‎ ‎  Turn up the radio, because I want to hear the news.‎ ‎  把收音机调大,因为我想听新闻。‎ ‎  2. turn down 关小、调低(声音等)‎ ‎  Turn down the TV. Dad is sleeping.‎ ‎  把电视声音调小,爸爸在睡觉。‎ ‎  3. turn on 打开 ‎  Turn on the air conditioner, please. It's a little hot.‎ ‎  请打开空调,有点儿热。‎ ‎​  order  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  I became so bored with their orders that I wished they would leave me alone.‎ ‎  我对他们的命令感到如此的厌烦,以致我希望他们留下我独自一人。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  1. order  n. 命令;指令,次序,顺序;订单,点菜。如:‎ ‎  You must do like that. It’s the teacher’s order.‎ ‎  你必须那么做。那是老师的命令。‎ ‎  2. order  v. 命令;点(菜),order sb. to do sth.意为“命令某人做某事”。如:‎ ‎  The teacher ordered the students to be silence.‎ ‎  老师命令学生们保持安静。‎ ‎  We ordered our dinner.‎ ‎  我们点了晚餐。​‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--相关短语 ‎  keep order 维持秩序 ‎  in the right order 整齐有序 ‎  take one’s order 点菜 ‎  ​be worried about   ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  Although my parents were very worried about leaving me…‎ ‎  虽然我的父母很担心独自让我呆家里……‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  be worried about 意为“担心”,相当于worry about。如:‎ ‎  Don’t be worried about your English.‎ ‎  =Don’t worry about your English.‎ ‎  不要担心你的英语。‎ ‎​  business  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  … they had to go away on business for a few days.‎ ‎  …他们不得不出差离开几天。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  business   n. 工作,on business 意为“出差”。如:‎ ‎  I have to go to London on business tomorrow.‎ ‎  明天我要到伦敦出差。‎ ‎​  wake up  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  The next morning I woke up late.‎ ‎  第二天早上,我很晚才醒来。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  wake up 意为“叫醒;醒来”,当代词作宾语时,要放在中间。如:‎ ‎  I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.‎ ‎  直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。‎ ‎  If I fall asleep at the wheel, wake me up.‎ ‎  如果我开车时睡着了,就叫醒我。‎ ‎  ​hand in  ‎ ‎·​ 原文再现 ‎  … but I could not hand it in.… ‎ ‎  …但是我没法上交。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  hand in意为“提交;上交”,当代词作宾语时,要放在中间。如:‎ ‎  Please hand in your paper before June thirtieth.‎ ‎  请在六月三十日前交论文。‎ ‎  Hand it in now, please.‎ ‎  请现在把它交上来。‎ ‎​  empty  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  With an empty stomach, I was unable to play basketball with my classmates!‎ ‎  胃里空空的,我忍着饥饿,无法和同学们一起打篮球!‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  empty adj. 空的。如:‎ ‎  His room is empty.‎ ‎  他的房间是空的。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--反义词 ‎  full  adj. ​满的,be full of意为“装满…”。如:‎ ‎  The subject may be full of interest to you.‎ ‎  这个问题可能使你兴味盎然。‎ ‎​  unable  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  With an empty stomach, I was unable to play basketball with my classmates!‎ ‎  胃里空空的,我忍着饥饿,无法和同学们一起打篮球!‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  unable  adj. 不能够的,常用于be unable to do sth.。如:‎ ‎  He is an able person, and nothing is unable to him.‎ ‎  他是一个能人,对他来说没有不能的事。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--反义词 ‎  able  adj. 能够的;有能力的;能干的,be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”。如:‎ ‎  We shall be able to deal with all sorts of problem.‎ ‎  我们应该能够应付各种困难。‎ ‎  ​all day long   ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  I felt tired and sleepy at school all day long.‎ ‎  在学校里长长的一整天我又累又困。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  all day long 意为“整天”,相当于the whole day。如:‎ ‎  Doing anything all day long will come to nothing but get us bored.‎ ‎  整天做一件事只会把人弄烦。‎ ‎​  burn  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  When I got home, I tried to cook some rice, but I burnt it.‎ ‎  当我到家时,我试着做了一些米饭,但是烧焦了。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  1. burn  v.(使)烧焦;(使)烤糊。‎ ‎(过去式:burned/burnt  过去分词:burned/burnt   现在分词:burning 第三人称单数:burns)‎ ‎  He burned her letter.‎ ‎  他把她的信烧了。‎ ‎  2. burn  v. 灯亮。如:‎ ‎  All the lights are burning.‎ ‎  所有的灯都亮着。‎ ‎  3. burn 表示“有某种强烈的情绪;迫切想要”,多用于进行时态。如:‎ ‎  He was burning with anger.‎ ‎  他怒气冲天。‎ ‎  She was burning to buy a computer.‎ ‎  她很想买一台电脑。‎ ‎  4. 构成被动语态时,除了可以用be burned外,也可用get burned形式。如:‎ ‎  He was thus burned to death by the enemy.‎ ‎  他就这样被敌人活活烧死了。‎ ‎  The pudding got burned.‎ ‎  布丁煮糊了。‎ ‎​  task  ‎ ‎·​ ​原文再现 ‎  I found myself so bad at simple cooking tasks.‎ ‎  我发现自己应付简单的做饭任务都如此的糟糕。‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  task  n.任务;工作。如:‎ ‎  It’s a difficult task.‎ ‎  这是一项艰难的任务。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--词义辨析:labor/work/task/job ‎  这些名词均有“工作”之意。‎ ‎  1.  work: 最普通用词,含义广,指人们日常生活和工作中所从事的有目的的体力或脑力劳动。‎ ‎  They support each other in their work.  ‎ ‎  他们在工作中互相支持。‎ ‎  2. task: 通常指分派给的任务,也指自愿的工作,但往往是艰巨或令人厌烦的工作。‎ ‎  I devote myself heart and soul to the arduous task.  ‎ ‎  我全心全意地致力于这项艰巨的任务。‎ ‎  3. job: 多用于口语,侧重指受雇用的,以谋生为目的工作,不论有无技术,也不管是零工或散工。‎ ‎  He is the man of all others for the job.‎ ‎  他是所有人之中最适于干这工作的人。‎ ‎  4. labor: 劳动力,人工。如:‎ ‎  In China, the majority of men earn their living by manual labor.‎ ‎  在中国,大部分以做体力工作谋生。‎ 二、重点句型 ‎​   …, but I’m sorry you can’t come with us, Betty...‎ ‎  ...,但是很遗憾你不能和我们一起去,贝蒂。‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  1. but用作连词,表示意义上的转折,意为“但是;可是;然而”,用来连接两个并列的句子或短语,‎ ‎  though, but不能同时使用。如:‎ ‎  Fire can be very useful, but it can also be very harmful.‎ ‎  火可能非常有用,但它也可能很有害。‎ ‎  2. I’m sorry表示同情、惋惜或后悔,意为“我很难过;我很不安;真遗憾”。如:‎ ‎  I’m sorry to hear that your father is dead ‎  听说你父亲去世了,我很难过。‎ ‎  I’m sorry that you told me a lie.‎ ‎  你对我撒谎,我很难过。‎ ‎· 知识拓展 ‎  “I’m sorry.”其他用法 ‎  1. 表示道歉,意为“对不起;很抱歉”。如:‎ ‎  I’m sorry. I broke your pen.‎ ‎  对不起,我把你的笔弄坏了。‎ ‎  I’m sorry, but I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.‎ ‎  对不起,我不是有意要伤害你的感情。‎ ‎  2. 表示客气地提出异议或拒绝(其后常接but分句),意为“对不起;很抱歉”。如:‎ ‎  I’m sorry but I don’t agree.‎ ‎  对不起,我不同意。‎ ‎  I’m sorry, but I must refuse.‎ ‎  很抱歉,我必须拒绝。‎ ‎  3. 表示请示或爱莫能助(其后常接for短语),含义视上下文而定。如:‎ ‎  I’m sorry for you, but you have been rather foolish, haven’t you?‎ ‎  我很替你难过,不过你也太蠢了,不是吗?‎ ‎  I’m sorry for you, but isn't it your own fault?‎ ‎  我替你难过,但这还不都是你自己的错吗?‎ ‎​  So am I, but I can’t miss two weeks of school.  ‎ ‎  我也是,但我不能两周不上课。  ‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  So am I中的so意为“同样;也那样”。“So+be动词(或助动词、情态动词)+主语”结构用以承接前一句的 ‎  容,表示“(甲如此),乙也如此”。be动词、助动词、情态动词要和前一句的谓语动词保持一致。如:‎ ‎  He can swim, and so can I.他会游泳,我也会。‎ ‎· ​知识拓展--词义辨析 ‎  “So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”:两个句子指的是两个人,so后句子要倒装。如:‎ ‎  He is a student. So am I.‎ ‎  他是个学生。我也是。‎ ‎  “So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”:两个句子指的是同一个人时,so后句子不倒装。如:‎ ‎  —Lucy likes dark blue.‎ ‎  露西喜欢深蓝色。‎ ‎  —So she does.是的。‎ ‎  (她是喜欢深蓝色)‎ ‎​  I can look after myself, although it won’t be easy for me.  ‎ ‎  我可以照顾自己,虽然这对我来说并不容易。  ‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  1. look after为动词短语,意为“照顾;照料;对…负责任”。如:‎ ‎  We look after the baby carefully.‎ ‎  我们小心地照看着婴儿。‎ ‎  2. although 作连词,意为“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句,注意不能和but连用,但可以和yet, still ‎  连用。如:‎ ‎  Although the sun was shining it wasn't very warm.‎ ‎  尽管太阳高照,却不太暖和。‎ ‎  Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.‎ ‎  天气虽然很冷,他没有穿大衣就出去了。‎ ‎  My clock rings so loudly that it can certainly wake me up.  ‎ ‎  我的闹钟闹得很响,它一定会叫醒我的。  ‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  so…that… 意为“如此…以致…”,so后跟形容词或副词,that引导结果状语从句。如:‎ ‎  He ran so fast that I could not catch up with him.‎ ‎  他跑得太快,以致我跟不上他。‎ ‎· 知识拓展--相关句型/结构 ‎  1. 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…to转换。如:‎ ‎  The little girl was so tired that she couldn't walk farther.=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.‎ ‎  这个小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。‎ ‎  2. 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it on time.=The work is too difficult for us to finish it on time.‎ ‎  这份工作太难,我们不能按时完成。‎ ‎  3. 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough to do sth.转换。‎ ‎  He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.‎ ‎  他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。‎ ‎  4. 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  He spoke so clearly that I could hear.=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.‎ ‎  他说得很清楚,我能听明白。‎ ‎​  Your train is about to leave.  ‎ ‎  你的火车要开了。  ‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  be about to do sth.意为“就要/正要做某事”。如:‎ ‎  We were just about to leave when it rained.‎ ‎  我们正要离开,天就下起雨来。‎ ‎· 知识拓展--词义辨析 ‎  be about to/be going to/be to do/will/be doing/shall ‎  1. will + 动词原形, 是一般将来时的最常用用法。‎ ‎  如: Will you be at home at seven this evening? ‎ ‎  2. be going to do有三种用法:‎ ‎  (1) 主语的意图,即将做某事。如:What are you going to do tomorrow? ‎ ‎  (2) 打算,计划,安排要发生的事。如:The play is going to be produced next month。 ‎ ‎  (3) 有迹象要发生的事 如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. ‎ ‎  3. be to do 表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事。‎ ‎  The bridge is to be built next year.‎ ‎  大桥将在明年修建。‎ ‎  He is to die.‎ ‎  他就要死了。‎ ‎  比较:‎ ‎  I am to be an engineer. 我就快要成为工程师了。‎ ‎ (这个时间上快一点,而且比较有把握,比如已经考到证了)‎ ‎  I am going to be an engineer. 意思就变成了:‎ ‎ 我将成为工程师。(这个只是主观愿望。没有多少把握)‎ ‎  4. be about to do 表示即将,马上要做的事。‎ ‎  I am about to leave.‎ ‎ 我马上就要离开了。(刻不容缓,就是这一两分钟的事)‎ ‎  I am going to leave.‎ ‎  我将要离开。(还指不定是什么时候)‎ ‎  5. be doing 主要用于现在进行时态,有时可以用来表达将来时。如:‎ ‎  How are you doing with your new boss?‎ ‎  你跟你的新上司处得如何?‎ ‎  We are doing a pilot study to see if the new product will sell well.‎ ‎  我们正在为这种新产品做试销调查,看它的销路好不好。‎ ‎  According to these figures, our company is doing well.‎ ‎  从这些数字来看,我们的公司经营得不错。‎ ‎  6. shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。如:‎ ‎  Which paragraph shall I read first?‎ ‎  我们先读哪一段?‎ ‎  Will you be at home at seven this evening?‎ ‎  今天晚上七点你在家吗?‎ ‎  ​I became so bored with their orders that I wished they would leave me alone.  ‎ ‎  我对他们的命令感到如此的厌烦,以致我希望他们留下我独自一人。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  became bored with sth.意为“厌烦某事”,可用be bored with sh.代替。如:‎ ‎  He worked all day long and he became/was bored with the work.‎ ‎  他工作了一整天,厌烦了这项工作。‎ ‎  The children quickly got bored with staying indoors. ‎ ‎  孩子们在屋子里很快就待不住了。​‎ ‎​  As soon as I got home from school the first day, I happily threw my schoolbag   ‎ ‎  on the sofa and ate lots of snacks.  ‎ ‎  第一天我一从学校回到家里,我就快乐地把我的书包扔在沙发上,吃了许多零食。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  as soon as在这里引导状语从句,意为“一……就……”,在句中位置灵活,而且可以用于各种时态。如:‎ ‎  I’ll write you as soon as I get there.‎ ‎  我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时)‎ ‎  As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.‎ ‎  我一进门,凯瑟琳就高兴地叫起来。(一般过去时)‎ ‎  I’ll return the book as soon as I have read it.‎ ‎  我一读完就把书还回去。(现在完成时)‎ ‎  Andrew left as soon as he had drunk his coffee.‎ ‎  安德鲁一喝完咖啡就走了。(过去完成时)‎ ‎​  The teacher asked me for my homework, but I could not hand it in.  ‎ ‎  老师向我要家庭作业但是我没法上交。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  ask sb. for sth.意为“向某人要某物”。如:‎ ‎  Jenny asked her parents for some money.‎ ‎  珍妮向父母要了一些钱。‎ ‎  If you are in danger, you can ask the police for help.‎ ‎  如果你有危险,你可以向警察求助。‎ ‎·​ ​知识拓展--相关句型 ‎  1. ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事 ‎  May I ask you a question?‎ ‎  我能问你一个问题吗?​‎ ‎  2. ask sb. about sth. 询问某人关于某事 ‎  I want to ask you something about your sister.‎ ‎  我想问一些关于你妹妹的事情。​‎ ‎  3. ask to do sth. 请求做某事 ‎  Did she ask to leave a message?‎ ‎  她有没有提留口信?‎ ‎  4. ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ‎  The teacher asks Danny to write the new word on the blackboard.‎ ‎  老师让丹尼把新单词写在黑板上。​‎ ‎  To do what the teacher asks to be done.‎ ‎  做信中要求做的事。‎ ‎​  With an empty stomach, I was starving and unable to play basketball with my   ‎ ‎  classmates!  ‎ ‎  胃里空空的,我忍着饥饿,无法和同学们一起打篮球。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  “with+名词(+介词短语)”的短语在句中作伴随状语。如:‎ ‎  Our teacher always comes to the classroom with a book in her hand.‎ ‎  我们老师手里总是拿着一本书来到教室。‎ ‎  You can't speak with a full mouth.‎ ‎  嘴里满是东西的时候,不能说话。‎ ‎  ​Now I know how important it is for us teenagers to have our parents’ care  ‎ ‎  and to be able to look after ourselves.  ‎ ‎  现在我知道对我们青少年而言有父母的照顾和自理能力是多么的重要。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  本句是how引导的宾语从句,在句中作I know的宾语。It is+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.表示“对某人而言 ‎  做某事怎么样”。如:‎ ‎  It is difficult for an old person to do such hard work.‎ ‎  对一个老年人而言做这个艰苦的工作是很困难的。‎ ‎​  Three days later, when her parents returned, Lucy was very pleased to see them.  ‎ ‎  三天后,当她的父母回来时,露西非常高兴看见他们。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  这里是when引导的时间状语从句,be pleased to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”。如:‎ ‎  When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我到达机场时,客人已经离开了。‎ ‎  I am pleased to hear that you have passed your driving test.‎ ‎  听到你通过驾照考试,我很高兴。‎ ‎​  As you get older, I think it is important not to depend on your parents for ‎ ‎  everything,but to learn to look after yourself.  ‎ ‎  当你慢慢长大,我想重要的是不要任何事都依靠父母,而是学着自己照顾自己。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  1. as在句中引导时间状语从句;as还可以引导原因状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句和让步状语从 ‎  如:‎ ‎  As time went by, she became more and more beautiful.‎ ‎  时光流逝,她越来越漂亮了。(时间状语从句)‎ ‎  As you are not feeling well, you may stay at home.‎ ‎  由于你不舒服,你就呆在家里吧。(原因状语从句)‎ ‎  Do as I told you.‎ ‎  照我说的做。(方式状语从句)‎ ‎  They helped the old as much as possible.‎ ‎  他们尽可能地帮助老人。(比较状语从句)‎ ‎  Tired as they were, they walked on.‎ ‎  尽管累了,他们仍然继续走。(让步状语从句)‎ ‎  2. It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.意为“做某事…”。如:‎ ‎  It is easy (for me) to finish the task on time.‎ ‎  按时完成这项任务对我来说很容易。‎ ‎  3. depend on 意为“依赖;依靠;取决于;随 ... 而定”。如:‎ ‎  Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.‎ ‎  小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。‎ ‎  4. not…but… 意为“不是…而是…”‎ ‎,当此结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于but后面的名词。如:‎ ‎  Not he but they are athletes.‎ ‎  不是他而是他们才是运动员。‎ ‎​  You should go to the airport and see them off.  ‎ ‎  你应该去机场送他们。  ‎ ‎· 基本用法 ‎  see sb. off意为“送某人”当宾语是代词时,要放在中间。如:‎ ‎  Ann stands at the window and waves to see them off.‎ ‎  安站在窗口前并挥手送他们。‎ ‎  They are planning to fly to Paris for the holiday and are busy getting ready.  ‎ ‎  他们打算乘飞机去巴黎度假并且正忙着做准备。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  1. plan to do sth.意为“计划做某事”。如:‎ ‎  We are planning to visit London this summer.‎ ‎  我们打算今年夏天去伦敦旅行。‎ ‎  2. fly to 意为“飞往…;乘飞机去…”。如:‎ ‎  I flew from London to Paris last Sunday.‎ ‎  我上个星期天从伦敦搭飞机去巴黎。‎ ‎  3. be busy doing意为“忙于做某事”,be busy with sth.意为“忙于某事”。如:‎ ‎  He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework.‎ ‎  他忙于做家庭作业。‎ ‎  ​It tells a story about a boy who is accidentally left alone at home.  ‎ ‎  它讲述的是一个男孩被意外留在家中的故事。  ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  1. 这句话中who is accidentally left alone at home修饰先行词a boy,关系代词who指人,在从句中作主语。如:‎ ‎  I need someone who can do the work quickly.我需要能够迅速完成这项工作的人。‎ ‎  2. tell a story about … 意为“讲述一个关于…的故事”,与tell相关的句型还有:tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事;tell sb.‎ ‎  to do sth.让某人去做某事。如:‎ ‎  I want you to tell me a story.‎ ‎  我想让你给我讲个故事。‎ ‎  My mother tells me to do my homework.‎ ‎  妈妈让我去做家庭作业。‎ ‎​  But later on, he goes out and hears two bad men called Harry and Marv  ‎ ‎  planning to steal from his house.  ‎ ‎  但是过了一会,他出去的时候听到有两个叫Harry和Marv的坏人计划从他的房  ‎ ‎  间偷东西。 ‎ ‎·​ ​基本用法 ‎  这句话中called Harry and Marv作two bad men的定语;hear sb. doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”,‎ ‎  强调作正在进行,而hear sb. do sth.则表示“听见某人做某事”,强调动作的全过程,一般已经完成。类似 ‎  的动词有:see, notice等。如:‎ ‎  I hear someone laughing.‎ ‎  我听见有人笑。‎ ‎  Did you hear him go out?‎ ‎ 你听到他出去了吗?‎ 三、重点语法 ‎​​  让步状语从句  ‎ ‎·​ ​​定义 ‎  让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管…”或“即使…”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。​常用 ‎  的引导词有:though/although(尽管),even if/even though(即使),‎ ‎  no matter+who/what/where/when/how(无论谁/什么/什么地方/什么时间/怎样)‎ ‎  who/what/where/when/how+-ever等引导。‎ ‎·​ ​​用法 ‎  1. though/although的用法 ‎  though和although意义一样,都意为“虽然;即使”讲,表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用。但 ‎  although语气较强,多置于句首。though/although引导让步状语从句时,主句中不可以出现but,‎ ‎  但可以用yet, still等。如:‎ ‎  The article is very important though/although it is short.‎ ‎  那篇文章虽然很短,但很重要。‎ ‎  2. even though/even if 的用法 ‎  这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使”。如:‎ ‎  She insisted on her own opinion even though/even if she was wrong.‎ ‎  即使她错了,她依然坚持她自己的观点。‎ ‎  We’ll make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad.‎ ‎  即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。‎ ‎  3. when/where/who/what/how/which+-ever的用法 ‎  “疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句时,可换成“no matter+疑问词”。如:‎ ‎  Whatever/No matter what happens, he will help you.‎ ‎  无论发生什么,他都会帮你的。‎ ‎  Whenever/No matter when she comes, she brings a friend.‎ ‎  她不论什么时候来都要带一个朋友。‎ ‎  However/No matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming.‎ ‎  不管天气有多冷,她总是去游泳。‎ ‎  Whoever/No matter who you are, you must keep the law. ‎ ‎  不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法。‎ ‎​​  结果状语从句  ‎ ‎·​ ​定义 ‎  结果状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作所导致结果的状语从句,引导词主要有:so that, so…that, ‎ ‎  such…that等。‎ ‎·​ ​用法 ‎  1. so …that … 与such … that…的用法区别:‎ ‎  so..that结构为:so + 形容词或副词 + that + 从句 ‎  such..that 结构为:such + 形容词+a(an) + 单数可数名词 + that +从句 ‎  这两种句型往往可以互换。‎ ‎  My grandfather is so kind that everyone likes talking with him.‎ ‎  = My grandfather is such a kind person that everyone likes talking with him.‎ ‎ 我爷爷心地善良,大家都喜欢和他聊天。‎ ‎  It is so cold that I have to wear warm clothes.‎ ‎  It is such cold weather that I have to wear warm clothes.)‎ ‎  天气如此的冷,以至于我不得不穿上暖和的衣服。​‎ ‎  2. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替。​​‎ ‎  (1) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…to转换。如:‎ ‎  The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.‎ ‎  =The little girl was too tired to walk farther.‎ ‎  这个小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。‎ ‎  (2) 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it on time.‎ ‎  =The work is too difficult for us to finish it on time.‎ ‎  这份工作太难,我们不能按时完成。‎ ‎  (3) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough to do sth.转换。‎ ‎  He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.‎ ‎  =He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.‎ ‎  他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。‎ ‎  (4) 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  He spoke so clearly that I could hear.‎ ‎  =He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.‎ ‎ 他说得很清楚,我能听明白。‎ ‎  ​​让步状语从句  ‎ ‎  ·​ ​​定义 ‎  让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。​常用 ‎  的引导词有:though/although(尽管),even if/even though(即使),‎ ‎  no matter+who/what/where/when/how(无论谁/什么/什么地方/什么时间/怎样)‎ ‎  who/what/where/when/how+-ever等引导。‎ ‎  ·​ ​​用法 ‎  1. though/although的用法 ‎  though和although意义一样,都意为“虽然;即使”讲,表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用。但although语气 ‎  强,多置于句首。though/although引导让步状语从句时,主句中不可以出现but,但可以用yet, still等。如:‎ ‎  Though/Although tea wasn't brought to the Western world until 1610, this beverage was discovered over ‎  three thousand years before that.‎ ‎  虽然茶叶直到1610年才被带到西方国家,但这种饮料在那之前的三千多年被发现了。‎ ‎  The article is very important though/although it is short.‎ ‎  那篇文章虽然很短,但很重要。‎ ‎  2. even though/even if的用法 ‎  这两个短语表示语气更强的让步,意为“即使”。如:‎ ‎  She insisted on her own opinion even though/even if she was wrong.‎ ‎  即使她错了,她依然坚持她自己的观点。‎ ‎  We’ll make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad.‎ ‎  即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。‎ ‎  3. when/where/who/what/how/which+-ever的用法 ‎  “疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句时,可换成“no matter+疑问词”。如:‎ ‎  Whatever/No matter what happens, he will help you.‎ ‎  无论发生什么,他都会帮你的。‎ ‎  Whenever/No matter when she comes, she brings a friend.‎ ‎  她不论什么时候来都要带一个朋友。‎ ‎  However/No matter how cold it is, she always goes swimming.‎ ‎  不管天气有多冷,她总是去游泳。‎ ‎  Whoever/No matter who you are, you must keep the law.‎ ‎  不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法。​‎ ‎  结果状语从句  ‎ ‎  ·​ ​​定义 ‎  结果状语从句是指在复合句中表示主句动作所导致结果的状语从句,引导词主要有:so that, so…that,‎ ‎   such...that等。‎ ‎  1. so …that … 与such … that…的用法区别:‎ ‎  so..that结构为:so + 形容词或副词 + that + 从句 ‎  such..that 结构为:such + 形容词+a(an) + 单数可数名词 + that +从句 ‎  这两种句型往往可以互换。‎ ‎  My grandfather is so kind that everyone likes talking with him.‎ ‎  = My grandfather is such a kind person that everyone likes talking with him.‎ ‎  我爷爷心地善良,大家都喜欢和他聊天。‎ ‎  It is so cold that I have to wear warm clothes.‎ ‎  It is such cold weather that I have to wear warm clothes.)‎ ‎  天气如此的冷,以至于我不得不穿上暖和的衣服。​‎ ‎  2. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替。​​‎ ‎  (1) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…to转换。如:‎ ‎  The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.‎ ‎  这个小孩太累了,她不能再走路了。‎ ‎  (2) 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too…for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it on time.=The work is too difficult for us to finish it on time.‎ ‎  这份工作太难,我们不能按时完成。‎ ‎  (3) 当从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough to do sth.转换。‎ ‎  He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.‎ ‎  他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。‎ ‎  (4) 当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用…enough for sb. to do sth.转换。如:‎ ‎  He spoke so clearly that I could hear.=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.‎ ‎  他说得很清楚,我能听明白。‎
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