【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十一（17页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十一（17页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文话题10篇训练之十一 ‎[一]‎ ‎ When a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs forshort.‎ ‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.‎ ‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ ‎ In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ ‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.‎ ‎32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?‎ A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.‎ C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.‎ ‎33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?‎ A. The attackers get attacked.‎ B. The insects gather under the table.‎ C. The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ ‎34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .‎ A. predict natural disasters B. protect themselves against insects C. talk to one another intentionally D. help their neighbors when necessary ‎35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. The word is changing faster than ever.‎ B. People have stronger senses than before C. The world is more complex than it seems D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.‎ 参考答案：32--35 DABC ‎[二]‎ Every day, we are moving closer to some kind of artificial intelligence(人工智能). Progress in big data, machine learning and robotics are going to give us a world where computers are effectively intelligent in terms of how we deal with them. Should you be scared by this? Absolutely, but not in the usual “robot overlords” (机器人帝国) kind of way. Instead, the real fear should be about getting human beings wrong, not getting AI right.‎ The key to the technology is the ability of computers to recognize human emotions based on the ‘‘activation” of muscles in the face. A computer can identify the positions of facial muscles and use them to infer the emotional state of its user. Then the machine responds in ways that take that emotional state into account.‎ One potential application of it is to provide “emotional robots” for the elderly. Having a machine that could speak in a kind way would comfort a lonely older person. That is a good thing, right? But that won’t also relieve us from questioning how we ended up in a society that takes care of the elderly because we don’t know what else to do with them? Can’t we have more humane solutions than robots?‎ ‎“Emotion data” aren’t the same thing as the real and vivid emotional experiences we human beings have. Our emotions are more than our faces or voices. How can they be pulled out like a thread, one by one, from the fabric(组织) of our being?‎ Research programs can come with much philosophical(哲学的) concern, too. From the computers’ point of view, what the computing technology captures are emotions, but at its root is a reduction of human experience whose ‎ outward expressions can be captured algorithmically (计算上). As the technology is used in the world, it can reframe the world in ways that can be hard to escape from.‎ The technology will clearly have useful applications, but once it treats emotions as data, we may find that it is the only aspect of emotion we come to recognize or value. Once billions of dollars floods into this field, we will find ourselves trapped in a technology that is reducing our lives. Even worse, our “emotion data” will be used against us to make money for someone else. And that is what scares me about AI.‎ ‎32. Why does the author feel scared of the development of artificial intelligence?‎ A. The technology is developing much too slowly.‎ B. Computers can’t recognize human emotions.‎ C. Robots would get control of human beings.‎ D. People may use artificial intelligence improperly.‎ ‎33. Why does the author dislike the idea of providing “emotional robots” for the elderly?‎ A. The aged people will find it hard to live with them.‎ B. What elderly people need is much more than that.‎ C. It can’t relieve us of the pressure from modern society.‎ D. It’s impossible to use them to keep the elderly healthy.‎ ‎34. Which of the following statements is Not true?‎ A. A computer can make out the position of facial muscles.‎ B. It is a good thing for the elderly to use AI.‎ C. Our emotions are our faces and voices.‎ D. “Emotion data” are different from the real emotional experiences humans have.‎ ‎35. How does the author feel about “emotion data” according to the last paragraph?‎ A. worried B. curious C. confused D. essential 参考答案：32-35 DBCA ‎[三]‎ Americans are a strange people. They work like mad, then give away much of what they earn. They play until they are exhausted, and call this a vacation. They live to think of themselves as hard-hearted business men, yet they are push-overs for any hard luck story. They have the biggest of nearly everything including government, motor cars and debts. Yet they like to think of themselves as little people, average men, and they would like to cut everything down to their own size. They show off their tall buildings, high mountains, long rivers, big state, the best country, the best world, the best heaven. Yet they also have the most traffic deaths, the most waste, and the most liars.‎ When they meet, they are always telling each other, "Take it easy," then they rush off like crazy in opposite directions. They play games as if they were fighting a war, and fight wars as if playing a game. They marry more, and go broke more often. They love children, animals, mother, work, excitement, noise, nature, television shows, comedy, high pace, sports, the underdog, the hero, the flag, Christmas, jazz, shapely women and muscular men, classical recordings, crowds, comics, cigarettes, warm houses in winter and cool ones in summer, thick beefsteaks, coffee, ice cream, informal dress, plenty of running water, do-it-yourself, and a working week limited to forty hours or less.‎ They crowd their highways with cars while complaining about the traffic, troop to movies and television while blaming the quality and the advertisements, go to church but don't care much for sermons (布道), and drink too much in the hope of relaxing—only to find themselves drunk into ‎ even bigger dreams.‎ There is of course, no typical (典型的) American. But if you added them all together and then divided by 226, 000, 000 they would look something like what this chapter has tried to describe.‎ ‎28. What may be the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. The Americans. B. Life in America.‎ C. Strange people. D. Great America ‎29. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in Para.1?‎ ‎ A. They like listening to bad luck stories.‎ ‎ B. They push the interesting stories away.‎ ‎ C. They can easily be moved by sad stories.‎ ‎ D. They are informed of good luck stories often.[]‎ ‎30. Which one of the following is probably NOT what the Americans love?‎ ‎ A. noise B. advertisement C. smoking D. fresh water ‎31. In what way did the author write this passage?‎ ‎ A. By comparison. B. By giving examples.‎ C. By experimenting. D. By telling stories.‎ 参考答案：28~31ACBA ‎[四]‎ Hip-hop culture covers many fields; it includes spoken words, break-dancing, beat-making, painting, fashion, lively design, technology, and more. Hip-hop is becoming the unofficial music in the education world, as more artists launch school programs, summer camps, and other activities connected city youth in the classroom through the beliefs of hip-hop culture. Even more and more university teachers — who once would have been strongly against hip-hop — have joined the crew. In the past two decades, hip-hop culture, including hip-hop education, has become a legitimate(合法的)‎ ‎ field of study in universities and the subject of numerous books.‎ ‎ Hip-hop culture has influenced every piece of American and global culture because the culture is so prevalent. Teachers must be willing to engage in it if it's part of the unique reality of their students' lives. That way, teachers can truly be effective, reaching students in a meaningful, culturally connected way. ‎ ‎ Teachers might at first feel frightened by hip-hop culture, an area in which they might not have previous knowledge or experience. But a lack of knowledge is actually a blessing; the best trained hip-hop educators have been those that are at the beginning disconnected(分离的) from the culture. One of the biggest sayings in hip-hop is “keep it real”. If a teacher comes to the classroom and says, “I don' t know hip-hop, but I recognize that it's your culture and I want to learn,” the kids will teach the teacher, and then the students will be more willing to learn from that educator. Hip-hop is about a respect for youth culture.‎ ‎32. Those who once most probably disagree with hip-hop education are ___________.‎ A. middle school teachers B. unofficial artists C. the young living in cities D. university teachers ‎33. The underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ____________.‎ A. familiar B. similar C. popular D. regular ‎34. The author finds teachers’ lacking in hip-hop culture might be beneficial because _________.‎ A. students will frighten teachers at school B. teachers can learn from students in the field C. teachers will connected the culture with lessons D. teachers’ knowledge or experience will be enriched ‎35. Who would the young like to learn from?‎ A. Those who respect their culture. B. Those who are interested in music.‎ C. Those who keep their character real. D. Those who are willing to learn from others.‎ 参考答案：32-35. DCBA ‎[五]‎ Oil and gas have made Qatar (卡塔尔) the richest country in the world — rich enough to be ready to spend D|S200 billion for the 2022 World Cup.But has limitless wealth brought the country happiness?‎ ‎“We have become urban，”says Dr Kaltham Al Ghanim, a professor at Qatar University. “Our social and economic life has changed — families have become separated; consumption culture has taken over.”‎ From desperate poverty less than a century ago, this, after all, has become the richest nation in the world. What’s less well understood is the influence of such rapid change on Qatari society itself. You can feel the pressure in Doha, the capital city of Qatar. The city is a building site, with whole districts either under construction or being destroyed for redevelopment. The local media report that 40% of Qatari marriages now end in divorce. More than twothirds of Qataris, adults and children, are overweight.‎ Qataris benefit from free education, free healthcare, job guarantees, even free water and electricity, but abundance has created its own problems. “It’s confusing for graduates to be faced with 20 job offers，” one academic at an American university campus in Qatar says. “People feel huge pressure to make the right decision.”‎ In a society where Qataris are outnumbered roughly seventoone by foreigners, longterm residents (居民) speak of a growing frustration among graduates that the most satisfying jobs go to foreigners.‎ The sense is deepening that, in the rush for development, something ‎ important has been lost. Qatari family life is atomising. With children almost universally being raised by nannies (保姆) from the Philippines, Nepal or Indonesia, differences in culture and opinions are widening between the generations.‎ The 2022 football World Cup will be held in Qatar. Mariam Dahrouj, a journalism graduate, speaks of a sense of threat. “People in Qatar are afraid，” she says. “Suddenly all the world wants to see us. We are a closed community, and they want to come and bring their differences. How can we express our values？”‎ ‎29．What can we learn about Qatar?‎ A．Its capital is neat and modern.‎ B．Great wealth brings Qataris great happiness.‎ C．Most Qataris are rich and healthy.‎ D．It’s experiencing great changes.‎ ‎30．What’s young graduates’ problem in Qatar?‎ A．They have difficulty in making a choice.‎ B．They can hardly find an interesting job.‎ C．They have to work with foreigners.‎ D．They have become lazy because of abundance.‎ ‎31．The underlined word “atomising” in Paragraph 6 probably means ________.‎ A．losing meaning B．becoming divided C．being improved D．gaining support ‎32．Facing the outside world, Qataris ________.‎ A．ignore the differences B．express no interest C．feel frightened D．want to adjust their values 参考答案：29-32．DABC ‎[六]‎ ‎ Career success could be predicted as early as kindergarten, according to a 20-year study recently published in the American Journal of Public ‎ Health.‎ ‎ Researchers from Pennsylvania State University and Duke University tracked more than 700 children from across the US between kindergarten and age 25 and found a significant correlation（相关性） between their social skills as kindergartners and their success as adults two decades later.‎ ‎ In 1991, teachers assessed how the kindergartners interacted with each other socially using a range of criteria like whether they cooperate with their peers without prompting（激励）, if they're helpful to others, whether they're good at understanding feelings, and if they can solve problems on their own.‎ ‎ Researchers then kept track of whether the students went on to graduate high school on time, get a college degree, and find and keep a full-time job by 25. They also monitored the participants' involvement with crime, drug abuse, public assistance, and mental health issues.‎ ‎ The results showed that socially competent children were far more likely to earn a college degree and have a full-time job by 25 than those with limited social skills. Those with limited social skills also had a higher chance of getting arrested, binge（放纵） drinking, and applying for public housing.‎ ‎ “This study shows that helping children develop social and emotional skills is one of the most important things we can do to prepare them for a healthy future," said Kristin Schubert, program director at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, which funded the research, in a release.“From an early age, these skills can determine whether a child goes to college or prison, and whether they end up employed or addicted." The good news, according to Damon Jones, lead author of the study, is that intervention（干预） at a young age can help improve social and emotional skills. “This research by itself doesn't prove that higher social competence can lead to better outcomes later on," he said. “But when combined with other ‎ research, it is clear that helping children develop these skills increases their chances of success in school, work, and life."‎ ‎28. What has the 20-year study found?‎ ‎ A. Most kindergartners can solve problems alone.‎ ‎ B. Helpful children understand others feeling better.‎ ‎ C. Outgoing children cooperate with their peers easily.‎ ‎ D. Social skills play a key role in children's development.‎ ‎29. Paragraph 3 and 4 are mainly about？‎ A. when the researchers began their study B. how long it took to complete the study C. how the researchers conducted the study D. what factors were studied by the experts ‎30. What should parents do to help their children to succeed according to Kristin Schubert?‎ A. Teach them how to cooperate with others.‎ B. Teach them some basic living skills.‎ C. Tell them to keep off alcohol.‎ D. Coach them in their lessons.‎ ‎31. The text makes very good sense to ____________.‎ A. teenagers B. educators C. doctors D. general readers 参考答案：28-31．DCAB ‎[七]‎ I got invited to go with some friends to a game at another school. A senior will be driving us, and I think she’s a good driver, but it’s someone my parents don’t know. I want to tell my parents where I’m going, but what if I ask and they say“no”? I’ll end up wishing I never mentioned it and just went ahead and did it anyway.‎ If you want permission, it’s best to build a track record of honesty ‎ and trust. Letting a parent know where you’re going is always a good idea.‎ You may worry that telling your parents puts you at risk of getting “no” for an answer. But there’s a good chance your parents might be OK with you going. If you go but don’t tell them, you risk losing something more important — your parents’ trust.‎ Parents who find out their kids did something behind their backs may be less likely to give permission to do things in the future. When trust is broken like this, parents wonder if teens are trying to hide something — and what they imagine can be far worse than the reality.‎ Before you talk to your parents about the game, think about which approach will help them feel most comfortable with giving you more freedom. Maybe they’d like to meet the person driving or talk to friends who have driven with her in the past. If your parents have questions or hesitate about letting you go, find out what their worries are and then do your best to answer them.‎ ‎24. From Paragraph 1 we know that the writer _________.‎ A. appears nervous B. looks worried C. feels confused D. seems discouraged ‎25. What is the best way to get parents’ permission according to the passage?‎ A. To get more attention from them.‎ B. To risk gaining their permission.‎ C. To keep off the track of reality.‎ D. To be honest and win their trust.‎ ‎26. What does the writer really want to tell us?‎ A. How to win over parents.‎ B. How to deal with strict parents.‎ C. Which effective approach to use.‎ D. How to get freedom from parents.‎ ‎27. Who do you think the passage is intended for?‎ A. Parents. B. Friends. C. Drivers. D. Teenagers.‎ 参考答案：24-27．CDAD ‎[八]‎ Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.‎ Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have 1 shocking differences in perception (感知)between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive(感知) a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.‎ In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence, When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.‎ Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that played to American’s strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.‎ The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention were more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research ‎ into East-West differences.‎ In one study, for instance researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.‎ Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize(使内化) it.‎ But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues to how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.‎ ‎32. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to __________.‎ A. focus on the context as well as the object B. always focus more on their surroundings C. more emphasize independent thinking D. think of Westerners as highly independent units ‎33. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when ________.‎ A. the task is more difficult B. the blood flow is tracked C. people begin to choose colors D. the task is much easier ‎34. What does Dr Hedden’s experiment in Paragraph 4-5 indicate?‎ A. People’s perception of the world can be changed B. Easterners and Westerners perceive the world differently C. Culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave D. Americans are better at calculating than the Asians.‎ ‎35. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.‎ A. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in Britain B. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independence C. it took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpower D. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualism 参考答案：32-35 AABD ‎[九]‎ There are many ways to find a job. It can be as easy as walking into a neighborhood store to look at its announcement board. Local stores often have areas where people can put small signs telling what kind of service they need or can provide. Such services include caring for children or cleaning houses. Or, job searchers can look in the newspaper. Local newspapers have employment announcements placed by companies seeking workers.‎ Another popular tool for finding jobs is the Internet. For example, people in four hundred and fifty cities around the world can use the Craigslist Website to buy objects, meet people or find a job. Craigslist says that it receives two million new job listings each month.‎ Another useful way to find a job is through a college or university. For example, students at the University of Texas in Austin can go to the Career‎ Exploration ‎Center to get help in finding a job. Of course, looking for a job requires knowing what kind of work you want to do.For example, there is a book called What Color is Your Parachute (降落伞)? by Richard Bolles. This book has been helping people choose a career (职业) since it was first published in nineteen seventy.‎ Some experts also help people find jobs. Susan W. Miller owns a company called California Career Services in Los Angeles.She says her company helps people find jobs by first helping them understand their strengths, goals and interests. Then she provides them with methods and resources to help them find the right job.‎ ‎25．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Finding a job.‎ B．College students' parttime jobs.‎ C．Craigslist Website.‎ D．The relation between study and work.‎ ‎26．By logging on the Craigslist Website, you can________.‎ A．sell your old things B．do some shopping online C．create your own announcement board D．get useful information about 450 cities ‎27．What Color is Your Parachute? is a book which gives tips to those who want to________.‎ A．work on the airplane B．buy a parachute C．publish a book D．find a suitable job ‎28．Susan W. Miller thinks it is the first step to________when you want to get a job.‎ A．get training B．have enough money C．have a good background D．know about yourself 参考答案：25-28 ABDD ‎[十]‎ We are surrounded by mixed messages about mistakes: we’re told we earn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't.‎ ‎ Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hard-rather than being smart-far more often selected the more difficult task.‎ ‎ If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren't open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who are so scared to make mistakes perform worse in writing tasks than those who aren't as worried about being perfect. They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don't learn where they went wrong and how to get better.‎ ‎ We don't just learn more when we're open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if we're only concerned about getting the right ‎ answer, we don't always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we're trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, “I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward.”‎ ‎ Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things -- we wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillin -- these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”‎ ‎36. What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?‎ ‎ A. He will choose a less challenging task.‎ ‎ B. He will hide his mistakes from his teachers.‎ ‎ C. He will work harder to avoid mistakes.‎ ‎ D. He will ask his teachers for advice.‎ ‎37. In the writing study, the students who wrote better were those who _____.‎ ‎ A. wanted to make their writing perfect.‎ ‎ B. were afraid of making mistakes.‎ ‎ C. open to negative feedbacks.‎ ‎ D. don't learn where they went wrong.‎ ‎38. Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. The more mistakes we make, the more we learn.‎ ‎ B. Mistakes can be used as a positive factor for success.‎ ‎ C. Being open to mistakes help you understand the truth.‎ ‎ D. A step forward may come from mistakes you've made.‎ ‎39. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?‎ ‎ A. One must follow a correct path to avoid mistakes.‎ ‎ B. To become an Einstein, you should make mistakes.‎ ‎ C. You can't make mistakes unless you try new things.‎ ‎ D. Making mistakes is not a disadvantage in a way.‎ ‎40. What's the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A. We can never avoid making mistakes when we work.‎ ‎ B. Success can't be achieved without making mistakes.‎ ‎ C. Mistakes should be treated with a correct attitude.‎ D. Try every means to avoid mistakes in our daily life.‎ 参考答案：36--40 ACADC