【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达话题复习十一自然与环保（11页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习书面表达话题复习十一自然与环保（11页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习书面表达话题复习十一 自然与环保 子话题(一)　水文和地貌 ‎①geography n．　　　　　 地理 ‎②province n. 省 ‎③state n. 州 ‎④capital n. 首府，省会 ‎⑤ocean n. 海洋，大海 ‎⑥continent n. 陆地；大陆，大洲 ‎⑦stream n. 小河；溪流 ‎⑧range n. 山脉 ‎⑨valley n. 山谷，溪谷 ‎⑩desert n. 沙漠 ‎⑪jungle n. 丛林，密林 ‎⑫landmark n. 地标性建筑 ‎⑬mineral n. 矿物质 ‎⑭urban adj. 城市的；郊区的 ‎⑮local adj. 当地的 ‎⑯native adj. 本地的，本国的 ‎⑰remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 ‎⑱mountainous adj. 多山的 ‎⑲steep adj. 险峻的；陡峭的 ‎⑳be rich in 富含；盛产 be separate from 与……分离 be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于 be surrounded by 被……包围/环绕着 cover an area of ... 占地面积为……‎ take on a new look 呈现新面貌 off the coast of 在……海岸附近 at the top/foot of 在……的顶部/底部(脚下)‎ to/on/in the south of 在……的南面(相望/接壤/在内)‎ 子话题(二)　大气与气候 ‎①weather n. 天气 ‎②climate n. 气候 ‎③haze n. 雾霾 ‎④mist n. 薄雾 ‎⑤fog n. 雾 ‎⑥frost n. 霜 ‎⑦drizzle n. 小雨；毛毛雨 ‎⑧breeze n. 微风 ‎⑨rainbow n. 虹，彩虹 ‎⑩rainfall n. 一场雨；降雨量 ‎⑪shower n. 阵雨；淋浴 ‎⑫storm n. 风暴，暴(风)雨 ‎⑬thunder n．& vi. 雷声，打雷 ‎⑭blow vi. 吹 n. 击；打击；吹 ‎⑮freeze vi. 结冰；使冻住 ‎⑯pour vi. 倾泻，不断流出 ‎⑰mild adj. 温和的，暖和的 ‎⑱damp adj.& n. 潮湿(的)‎ ‎⑲foggy adj. 有雾的 ‎⑳cloudy adj. 多云的，阴天的 sunny adj. 晴天的；晴朗的 freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 snowy adj. 雪(白)的；下雪的；多(积)雪的 chilly adj. 寒冷的 lowpressure adj. 低压的 zero degrees Centigrade 零摄氏度 50 degrees Fahrenheit 50华氏度 freezing point 冰点 heat wave 热浪 average temperature 平均气温 weather forecast 天气预报 subtropical climate 亚热带气候 extreme weather 极端天气 rain or sunshine 风雨无阻 子话题(三)　自然灾害与救援 ‎①natural disasters 自然灾害；天灾 ‎②earthquake n. 地震 ‎③flood n. 洪水 vt. 淹没，使泛滥 ‎④drought n. 干旱 ‎⑤hurricane n. 飓风，十二级风 ‎⑥sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 ‎⑦typhoon n. 台风 ‎⑧volcano n. 火山 ‎⑨tsunami n. 海啸 ‎⑩landslide n. 山体滑坡 ‎⑪mudslide n. 泥石流 ‎⑫acid rain n. 酸雨 ‎⑬wildfire n. 野火 ‎⑭shortage n. 缺乏 ‎⑮damage n．& vt. 毁坏，破坏 ‎⑯destroy vt. 摧毁，破坏 ‎⑰ruin vt. (使)毁坏；(使)毁灭 ‎ n. (复)废墟；遗迹 ‎⑱disappear vi. 消失 ‎⑲threaten vt. 威胁 ‎⑳predict vt. 预报，预言，预告 erupt vi. (火山)爆发，喷发 terrify vt. 使感到恐怖 frighten vt. 使惊恐 distribute vt. 发放；分发 drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏 warning level 警戒水位 volcanic eruption 火山爆发 dig out 挖掘，发现 donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……‎ stricken area 受灾地区 economic losses 经济损失 come to one's rescue 前来救某人 be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中 rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园 子话题(四)　动植物及生态保护 ‎1．动物 ‎(1)动物名称 ‎①creature n. 生物，动物 ‎②wildlife n. 野生动物 ‎③beast n. 野兽，牲畜 ‎④zebra n. 斑马 ‎⑤giraffe n. 长颈鹿 ‎⑥squirrel n. 松鼠 ‎⑦kangaroo n. 袋鼠 ‎⑧koala n. 考拉 ‎⑨dinosaur n. 恐龙 ‎⑩shark n. 鲨鱼 ‎⑪whale n. 鲸 ‎⑫seagull n. 海鸥 ‎⑬seal n. 海豹 ‎⑭seashell n. 海贝 ‎⑮tortoise n. 龟，乌龟 ‎⑯dolphin n. 海豚 ‎⑰cattle n. 牛(总称)；家畜 ‎⑱donkey n. 驴 ‎⑲eagle n. 鹰 ‎⑳sparrow n. 麻雀 parrot n. 鹦鹉 insect n. 昆虫 pest n. 害虫 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 dragonfly n. 蜻蜓 mosquito n. 蚊子 ‎(2)动物肢体部位 ‎①claw n. 爪 ‎②tail n. (动物的)尾巴 ‎③wing n. 翅膀，机翼 ‎④feather n. 羽毛 ‎⑤fur n. 毛皮；裘皮 ‎(3)相关动作 ‎①bark vi. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声 ‎②hatch vi.& vt. (鸟、鸡)孵蛋 ‎③howl vi. 嚎叫，嚎哭，嗥叫 ‎2．植物 ‎(1)植物名称 ‎①bamboo n. 竹子 ‎②maple n. 枫树 ‎③pine n. 松树 ‎④bush n. 灌木丛，矮树丛 ‎⑤seaweed n. 海草 ‎(2)植物部位 ‎①root n. 根，根茎 ‎②ring n. (树的)年轮 ‎③branch n. 树枝 ‎④trunk n. 树干 ‎(3)相关动作 ‎①plant vt. 种植 ‎②harvest n．& vt. 收割，收获(物)‎ ‎③grow vi. 生长；发育；变成 vt. 种植 ‎④sow vi.& vt. 播种 ‎⑤irrigate vt. 灌溉 ‎3．生态保护 ‎①ecology n. 生态，生态学 ‎②evolution n. 进化，演变 ‎③survival n. 存活，幸存 ‎④primitive adj.　　　　　　 原始的，远古的 ‎⑤bare adj. 裸露的 ‎⑥extinct adj. 灭绝的 ‎⑦preserve vt. 保护 ‎⑧victim n. 牺牲品，受害者 ‎⑨damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地 ‎⑩disturb the wildlife's natural habitat ‎ 扰乱野生动物的自然栖息地 ‎⑪rare breed 稀有物种 ‎⑫endangered species 濒危物种 ‎⑬die out 灭绝 ‎⑭natural reserve 自然保护区 ‎⑮protect wildlife 保护野生动物 ‎⑯cut down 砍倒 ‎⑰have disastrous effect on 对……有灾难性的影响 ‎⑱keep the balance of nature 保持生态平衡 ‎⑲raise the awareness of 唤醒……的意识 ‎⑳live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 子话题(五)　环境污染与环境保护 ‎1．环境污染 ‎①pollute vt.　　　　　　　　　 污染 ‎②radiation n. 放射，放射物 ‎③waste n. 废料 ‎④rubbish n. 垃圾；废物 ‎⑤litter n. 垃圾 ‎⑥garbage n. 垃圾 ‎⑦smog n. 烟雾 ‎⑧haze n. 雾霾 ‎⑨white pollution 白色污染 ‎⑩carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ‎⑪acid rain 酸雨 ‎⑫greenhouse effect 温室效应 ‎⑬global warming 全球变暖 ‎2．环境保护 ‎①environmentallyfriendly adj. 环保的 ‎②replace/substitute vt. 取代，代替 ‎③protect vt. 保护 ‎④recycle vt. 回收；再循环 ‎⑤advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 ‎⑥preserve vt. 保护，保留，保存 ‎⑦limited natural resources 有限的自然资源 ‎⑧alternative energy 替代能源 ‎⑨solar energy/power 太阳能 ‎⑩nuclear energy/power 核能 ‎⑪environmental protection 环境保护 ‎⑫in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 ‎⑬live a lowcarbon life 过低碳生活 ‎⑭prevent ...from ... 阻止……做……‎ ‎⑮raise one's environmental awareness ‎ 提高某人的环保意识 ‎⑯make proper use of water resources ‎ 合理利用水资源 ‎⑰save and treasure our resources 节约并珍惜我们的资源 ‎⑱take action/steps/measures to do sth.‎ ‎ 采取措施做某事 ‎⑲take responsibility for/be responsible for ...‎ ‎ 对……负责任 ‎⑳call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 号召/呼吁某人做某事 ‎1．There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem, and the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. ‎ 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。‎ ‎2．In order to get high school students to attach great importance to the environment and improve their environmentprotecting awareness, China Daily is planning to hold an environmentprotecting knowledge contest.‎ 为使中学生重视环境，提高环境保护意识，《中国日报》计划举办环境保护知识竞赛。‎ ‎3．Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.‎ 大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水源被严重污染。‎ ‎4. The more wild animals we kill, the more debts we will pay in the future.‎ 我们杀的野生动物越多，我们将来要还的债就越多。‎ ‎5．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.‎ 意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。‎ ‎6．Accordingly/Consequently, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that people are more and more aware of the importance of the protection of the environment.‎ 因此，不难得出结论：人们越来越意识到环境保护的重要性了。‎ ‎7．It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺(问题)正变得日益严重。‎ ‎8．All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the earth and plays an important role in maintaining life.‎ 所有动植物都是重要的，因为每一物种都有助于地球上生命种类的多样性的形成，而且对维持生命起到了重要的作用。‎ ‎9．With the number of cars increasing fast in our city, our environment is getting increasingly worse.‎ 在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。‎ ‎10．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.‎ 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。‎ ‎(2018·江苏南京六校高三调研)请阅读下列文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ We suffer from pollution. “I can't bear the smog in this city any more. It's getting worse and worse.”said Wang Tao, a senior citizen in Beijing.‎ ‎“I'm often disturbed by loud noise during my work and sleep.” said a senior student from Shenzhen.‎ Many of China's waterways are largely unfit for direct human use because of industrialization.‎ A report estimated that 1.6 million people in China die each year from heart, lung and stroke problems because of polluted air.‎ New technologies have promoted the development of urbanization and economy. While economic growth may continue, the rewards of this growth may be opposed by the harm from the pollution unless environmental protection is increased.‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎1．用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；‎ ‎2．请根据以上图文信息简述污染的情况及其原因；‎ ‎3．从可持续发展的角度提出你对治理城市污染的建议(不少于两点)。‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ ‎1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3．不必写标题。‎ ‎[评分标准]‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎[范文必背]‎ As the diagram shows, vehicles, coalburning, airborne dust, mobile sources and industrial production are the major pollution sources in Chinese cities, which have damaged our life, environment and even the future development.‎ ‎①Various forms of pollution, including air pollution, noise pollution, and water pollution, have increased with the fast development of Chinese cities, which has caused many problems and concerns. ②With the development of modern industry and expansion of urbanization, pollution is becoming more and more serious.‎ Measures must be taken to balance city development and environmental protection. First of all, our government should make more strict laws to limit the use of private cars. What's more, we are supposed to raise our awareness of environmental protection and push for the use of ‎ alternative energy, such as solar energy and wind energy. Only by applying sustainable development can we have a better world to live in.‎ ‎[佳句演练]‎ ‎(1)仿照句①，用“非限制性定语从句”翻译句子 He_came_to_school_late_again_this_morning,_which_made_his_teacher_very_angry.‎ 他今天早上又迟到了，让老师非常生气。 ‎ ‎(2)根据句②仿写句子 With_the_development_of_information_industry,__our_personal_information_has_become_more_easily_exposed_in_public.‎ 随着信息技术的发展，我们的个人信息越来越容易暴露在大众面前。‎