【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九 ‎[一]‎ Measles(麻疹),which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免),sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ ‎【语篇导读】 麻疹是一种原本在美国彻底消失的疾病,但最近正在卷土重来,主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。事实上,只有所有人都参与进来,群体免疫才会有效果。‎ ‎1.The first two paragraphs suggest that 　　　. ‎ A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.”可推断出,麻疹患者的数量虽然不算多,但是很有可能会引发危险。‎ ‎2.Herd immunity works well when 　　　. ‎ A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.”可知,只有所有人群都参与进来,群体免疫才能最大限度地发挥效用。‎ ‎3. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?‎ A. The overuse of vaccine.‎ B. The lack of medical care.‎ C. The features of measles itself.‎ D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知,麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。‎ ‎4. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To introduce the idea of exemption.‎ B. To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C. To stress the importance of vaccination.‎ D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性。‎ ‎[二]‎ FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.‎ Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.‎ Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.‎ Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.‎ Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990,immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.‎ Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.‎ Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文报道了意大利最近采取的一项限制移民的措施,即要求移民通过一项语言考试来获得工作条件甚至居民身份。‎ ‎1. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?‎ A. To continue to stay in Italy.‎ B. To teach her children Italian.‎ C. To find a better job in Italy.‎ D. To better mix with the Italians.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test...” 可知她参加考试的原因是要继续留在意大利,故A项正确。‎ ‎2.Some people worry that the new language requirement may 　　　. ‎ A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties D. put pressure on schools 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration.”可知,糟糕的经济状况已经让本土人很难保住工作,而这样一项措施使得移民压力变大,可能会导致排外而不是融合,故B项正确。‎ ‎3. What do we know about Cojochru?‎ A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.‎ B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.‎ C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.‎ D. She wishes to go back to her home country.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently...”可知,她能熟练地讲意大利语,故C项正确。B项在文中未提到;A、D两项和文章倒数第二段内容矛盾。‎ ‎[三]‎ Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文主要介绍一个面向全球的图书分享网站BookCrossing.com。人们通过该网站可以把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取,同时也能相互交流阅读体验。‎ ‎1. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?‎ A. To explain what they are.‎ B. To introduce BookCrossing.‎ C. To stress the importance of reading.‎ D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.”可知,现如今这个称之为BookCrossing.com的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的“读书会”的概念。由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。故此处提及book groups是为了引出话题。因此B项正确。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The book.‎ B. An adventure.‎ C. A public place.‎ D. The identification number.‎ 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人将书放于一公众场所,盼着它能有一番奇遇,随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。因此此处it指代上文提到的the book。‎ ‎3. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?‎ A. Meet other readers to discuss it.‎ B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.‎ C. Pass it on to another reader.‎ D. Mail it back to its owner.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段及第四、五段可知,这些书会放在一些公共场所,发现者要将信息上传至网站,以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。因此可以得知,当人们阅读完后,会将其传给其他人,故选C项。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Online Reading:A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books:A New Trend C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D.A Website Links People through Books 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以得知,本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站BookCrossing.com,故只有D项最合适。A项表示“网上阅读”,virtual为错误信息;B项表示“电子书”,electronic为错误信息;C项表示“带回传统”,a book group为错误信息。‎ ‎[四]‎ Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary (兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true.‎ Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world. Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animals’ behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation.‎ Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species. Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals, or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems. Some conservationists work in educational fields, trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.‎ Animals are subject to illness and injury, so some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and it may take a person several years of intensive training to be qualified as a certified veterinarian. While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets, vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.‎ Humans love to observe animals, and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs. Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs, to creating the proper diet for a deer, to ‎ cleaning a tiger’s cage. Many volunteer and entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.‎ ‎【语篇导读】与动物学和动物研究相关的职业是多样又独特的,如兽医、驯兽师等。研究动物的目的是提高人类对动物世界的了解,为动物创造更安全、更有效的产品。‎ ‎1. What is the purpose of researching on animals in zoology?‎ A. To help governments make laws.‎ B. To improve researchers’ scientific knowledge.‎ C. To create safe and effective products for humans.‎ D. To educate people to protect animals.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段尾句“Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animals’ behavior in order to aid in conservation, breeding programs, and habitat preservation.”可知,动物学研究可以为动物生产更安全、更有效的产品,也可以教会人类更好地保护动物,故D项正确。‎ ‎2. What can careers in zoology that focus on veterinary medicine help?‎ A. Better understand animals.‎ B. Protect animals’ health.‎ C. Clean the animals’ cages.‎ D. Increase the number of animals.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“Animals are subject to illness and injury, so some careers in zoology help to create a safe, stable animal population. Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field, and it may take a person several years of intensive training to be qualified as a certified veterinarian.”可知,动物容易受疾病和伤害的影响,兽医学是一个重要的专业领域,一个人可能需要经过几年的强化训练才能成为合格的兽医。据此可知,兽医职业旨在保护动物健康,故B项正确。‎ ‎3. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole passage?‎ ‎(P1=Paragraph 1;P2=Paragraph 2;P3=Paragraph 3;P4=Paragraph 4;P5=Paragraph 5)‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段总体介绍与动物学及动物研究相关的职业,第二段介绍动物研究的意义,第三段介绍兽医职业的目的,第四段和第五段介绍动物园中的动物学相关职业及作用,故A项符合文章的结构特点。‎ ‎4. What does the passage mainly present?‎ A. Volunteers’ passion for zoology.‎ B. A new idea of careers in zoology.‎ C. Different types of careers in zoology.‎ D. Effective measures of animal protection.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。本文第一句“Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.”为文章的主题句,结合全文内容可知,本文介绍了与动物学相关的不同职业,故C项正确。‎ ‎[五]‎ Having a learning disability doesn’t mean you can’t learn, but you’ll need some help and need to work extra hard. If you have a learning disability such as dyslexia or dyscalculia, remember that you are not slow or stupid.‎ Learning disabilities can be genetic. That means they can be passed down in families through the genes. But kids today have an advantage over their parents. Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works, and it’s easier for kids to get the help they need.‎ Dyslexia is a learning disability that means a kid has a lot of trouble reading and writing. Kids who have trouble with math may have dyscalculia. Other kids may have language disorders, meaning they have trouble understanding language and understanding what they read.‎ It can be confusing, though. What qualifies as “trouble” enough to be diagnosed as a learning disability? Reading, doing math, and writing letters may be tough for lots of kids at first. But when those troubles don’t fade away and it’s really difficult to make any progress, it’s possible that the kid has a learning disability.‎ Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting. You might feel different from everyone else. But the truth is that learning disabilities are pretty common. And if your learning specialist or psychologist has figured out which one you’re facing, you’re on the right track. Now, you can start getting the help you need to do better in school.‎ But for this special help to really work, you’ll need to practice the new skills you’re learning. It may take a lot of efforts every day. That can be a challenge, but you can do it. Soon, you’ll enjoy the results of all your hard work—more fun and success at school.‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了学习障碍形成的原因、会被遗传的性质以及如何克服学习障碍。‎ ‎1. What do we know about learning disability?‎ A. It is a physical disease.‎ B. It can be treated by doctors.‎ C. It happens to children who are lazy.‎ D. It gets you into trouble when learning a subject.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。第三段中提到:阅读障碍是一种学习障碍,意味着孩子在阅读和写作上有很多困难。有数学问题的孩子可能有计算障碍。其他孩子可能有语言障碍,这意味着他们在理解语言和理解他们所读的东西方面有困难。由此可知D项正确。‎ ‎2.Children are likely to have a learning disability 　　　. ‎ A. if their parents have the same problem B. if they are not interested in a subject C. if they don’t get help in time D. if they don’t work hard 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的第一、二句“Learning disabilities can be genetic. That means they can be passed down in families through the genes.”可知,学习障碍是可以遗传的,这意味着它们可以通过基因在家族中传播。A项正确。‎ ‎3. How can you know if you have a learning disability?‎ A. Your teacher says you are a slow student.‎ B. You can’t make progress after hard work.‎ C. You have trouble with some lessons at first.‎ D. Your learning style is different from others.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。第四段提到:一开始,阅读、数学和写作对很多孩子来说都是很困难的。但是,当这些问题没有消失并且很难有任何改善时,孩子很可能患有学习障碍,所以B项正确。‎ ‎4. What’s the main purpose of the text?‎ A. To find out the reasons for the learning disability.‎ B. To get parents to know more about their children.‎ C. To help people know and handle learning disability.‎ D. To ask teachers to help students with learning disability.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。文章首先主要分析了学习障碍形成的原因,接着介绍了会被遗传的性质,最后就如何克服学习障碍提出了一些建议。由此可知,本文的目的是让读者了解学习障碍以及如何应对它。‎ ‎[六]‎ A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup—to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole. ‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.‎ ‎【语篇导读】美国农业部的两位博士研制出一种蒸馏器。在水资源短缺的区域,这是一种非常不错的获得饮用水的设备。‎ ‎1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?‎ A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.‎ C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。从文章第一段的“These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.”可知,这种集水器设备携带起来很方便。人们可以把它折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。‎ ‎2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The tube. B. The still.‎ C. The hole. D. The cup.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。从文章第二段的“To construct a working still...”和画线词后的productivity可推断出画线部分指的是the still。‎ ‎3. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ A. Dig a hole of a certain size.‎ B. Put the cup in place.‎ C. Weight the sheet’s center down.‎ D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。从文章第三段的“Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.”可知,用塑料布把洞穴覆盖,并把塑料布的边缘用泥土弄牢。最后把一块石头压在塑料布的中心。因此选C项。‎ ‎4.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from　　　. ‎ A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。从文章最后一段的“Ground water evaporates and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup.”可知,这种蒸馏器的工作原理是创造一个温室。地面的水向上蒸发并在塑料布上聚集形成小水滴,然后水滴顺着塑料布流下来落到杯子里。‎ ‎[七]‎ Chessington World of Adventures Whether it’s adrenaline-pumping rides, wild animals or underwater adventures that you’re after, Chessington delivers. There are three main sections. The Theme Park has 10 themed lands with more than 40 rides and attractions including roller coasters, dodgems and rides suitable for ‎ younger children. Chessington Zoo houses 1,000 animals including tigers, lions, giraffes, penguins and a petting zoo.‎ Shrek’ s Adventure Board the Dreamwork’s. Tour Bus for a 4D experience with Cheeky Donkey as your guide. You’ll be taken through 10 live, fairytale-themed shows including Shrek’s Swamp and a mirror maze(迷宫),suitable for all ages, but particularly those aged 6 to 12 years old.‎ London Dungeon Take a scary but humorous 90-minute journey through 1,000 years of London’s history at the ever-popular London Dungeon. There are 18 interactive shows with 20 live theatre actors and two rides to guide you through the city’s murky past. Walk the Whitechapel Maze with Jack the Ripper, visit a medieval torture chamber, and be careful not to lose your head on the tyrant boat ride with King Henry Ⅷ!‎ KidZania Set your imagination free at KidZania at Westfield London—the new role-playing park for children that’s taking the world by storm. A child-size city complete with shops and locations including a fire station, a bank and a theatre stage where children can role-play around 60 different jobs and professions, KidZania aims to teach life skills such as financial literacy, teamwork and independence.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章介绍了伦敦的几个主题公园。‎ ‎1.If visitors want to enjoy the excitement of roller coasters, they can go to 　　　. ‎ A. KidZania B. Shrek’s Adventure C. London Dungeon D. Chessington World of Adventures 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由Chessington World of Adventures部分中的“The Theme Park has 10 themed lands with more than 40 rides and attractions including roller coasters...”可知,在该主题公园中有过山车,所以,想体验过山车的游客,可以去Chessington World of Adventures。故选D项。‎ ‎2. Who might be most likely interested in London Dungeon?‎ A. Students studying history.‎ B. Underwater adventurers.‎ C. Police officers.‎ D. Animal lovers.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据London Dungeon部分中的“Take a scary but humorous 90-minute journey through 1,000 years of London’s history at the ever-popular London Dungeon. There are 18 interactive shows with 20 live theatre actors and two rides to guide you through the city’s murky past.”可知,在这里游客可以了解到伦敦1,000年的历史,了解伦敦的过去。因此研究历史的学生们最有可能对这里感兴趣。‎ ‎3. Where does this text probably come from?‎ A. A science textbook. B. A news report.‎ C.A travel guidebook. D. A geography magazine.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Take a trip to one of London’s theme parks for an adrenaline-packed day out.”和下面的具体介绍可知,该文主要介绍了伦敦的几个主题公园,这样的文章应该出现在旅游指南或旅游手册上,所以C项正确。‎ ‎[八]‎ Nature may be red in tooth and claw. But one caterpillar(毛毛虫) dresses in orange and black to avoid becoming somebody’s lunch. What’s really surprising, though, is that this distinctive set of stripes(条纹)can serve as both a warning and a disguise, depending on how far away it is from the viewer.‎ Animals can make use of color as a defense mechanism in a couple of ways. Some shades and patterns help animals combine into the background. However, daring markings often work as a signal that the animal is uneatable.‎ So, these two strategies have often been considered not to coexist. But under natural conditions you find this distinction is less clear cut.‎ Jim Barnett of the University of Bristol, who led the study to explore whether the same coloration might do double duty, allowing an animal to be obvious under some conditions but unseen in others. They focused their attention on the caterpillars. Their bright appearance was believed to remind the birds that might have eaten others of their kind that they were none too tasty, thanks to their fixed diet.‎ The researchers took photos of the caterpillars in suburban green spaces around Bristol. And they used a visual modeling program to give them a “bird’s-eye view” of what the caterpillars looked like, either close-up or from farther away. What they found is that although at close range the caterpillar’s stripes are highly obvious—these bright colors distinguish it quite easily from its background—but when viewed from a distance they mix together to form a color which is actually quite difficult to tell from the background color. So, the caterpillar is ‎ getting the best of both worlds. Close up, the stripes may keep your distance. But from a distance, they allow the caterpillar to hide in plain sight.‎ The finding is a reminder—don’t forget to step back and see things from a different perspective.‎ ‎【语篇导读】Bristol大学的研究人员发现,毛毛虫身上的条纹可以呈现不同的颜色,以此来保护自己。近距离看,条纹的颜色非常鲜艳,这样可以吓退敌人;远距离看,条纹的颜色和周围的颜色相似,它们以此来伪装和保护自己。‎ ‎1. What is the function of the animals’ daring markings?‎ A. To avoid being eaten.‎ B. To attack their enemies.‎ C. To distinguish themselves.‎ D. To please their partners.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, daring markings often work as a signal that the animal is uneatable.”可知,动物身上的斑纹可以使它们避免被吃掉,故选A项。‎ ‎2. How does caterpillars’ coloration perform its double duty?‎ A. By adapting to the environment or changing it.‎ B. By making their appearance attractive and bodies stronger.‎ C. By frightening off enemies or avoiding being found easily.‎ D. By changing their skin colors in case of peace and danger.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,毛毛虫身上的条纹可以呈现不同的效果:近距离看,条纹的颜色非常鲜艳,这样可以吓退敌人;远距离看,条纹的颜色和周围的颜色相融合,它们以此来伪装自己,避免被很容易地发现,故选C项。‎ ‎3.When viewed from a distance caterpillars appear to 　　　. ‎ A. show off their stripes B. take on different colors C. transform their shapes D. combine into the surroundings 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But from a distance,they allow the caterpillar to hide in plain sight.”可知,从远处看,毛毛虫的颜色就融入周围环境中,从而把自己隐藏起来,故选D项。‎ ‎4. Which of the following does the author agree?‎ A. Every coin has two sides.‎ B. Put character before appearance.‎ C. Try to view things from a different angle.‎ D. One bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,文章告诉我们时刻别忘了要从不同的角度看待事物,故选C项。‎ Take a trip to one of London’s theme parks for an adrenaline-packed day out. From thrilling rides through history, to wild animals—both mythical and real, London’s theme parks offer great entertainment for families and groups.‎ Unlike most London attractions, some amusement parks aren’t in central London, but are easily reached by train, coach or car.‎ ‎[九]‎ In the past, many studies placed too much emphasis on how animals were trained to learn. But recently more and more studies have focused on how animals equip themselves to learn.‎ One study started with a school field trip to a pine forest where many pine cones were discovered, stripped(剥壳) to the central core. So the investigation was directed at finding out what was eating the pine seeds and how they managed to get them out of the cones. The culprit(犯罪者) proved to be the black rat, and the technique was to bite each cone from base to top, following the growth pattern of the cone.‎ Urban black rats were found to lack the skill. However, babies of urban mothers cross-fostered by stripper mothers acquired the skill, whereas babies of stripper mothers fostered by an urban mother could not. Clearly the skill had to be learned from the mother. In the case of rats, the youngsters took cones away from the mother when she was still eating them, allowing them to acquire the stripping skill.‎ Another study, Bird Behaviour, provides a different view of the adaptiveness of social learning. It concerns the seed caching(hiding) behaviour of Clark’s Nutcracker and the Mexican Jay. The former is a specialist, caching about 30,000 seeds in scattered locations that it will recover over the months of winter; the Mexican Jay will also cache food but is much less dependent on this than the Nutcracker. The two species also differ in their social structure—the nutcracker prefers living alone while, the jay, in social groups.‎ The experiment is to discover not only if a bird can remember where it hid a seed but also if it can remember where it saw another bird hide a seed. The design is funny with a cacher bird hiding food in a room, while watched by a caged observer bird. Two days later, cachers and observers are tested for their discovery rate against estimated random performance(预估随机表现).Both cachers performed above chance. More ‎ surprisingly, jay observers were as successful as jay cachers, whereas nutcracker observers did no better than chance. It seems that, whereas the nutcracker is highly skilled at remembering where it hid its own seeds, the social living Mexican Jay is more adept at remembering and so making use of, the caches of others.‎ ‎【语篇导读】在过去,许多研究过于强调动物是如何被训练学习的,但最近越来越多的研究集中于动物如何使自己学习这一课题上。‎ ‎1.Urban black rats were able to learn to strip when 　　　. ‎ A. fed by stripper mothers B. fostered by urban mothers C. living with stripper babies D. eating cones by themselves 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the case of rats, the youngsters took cones away from the mother when she was still eating them, allowing them to acquire the stripping skill.”可知,它们被会剥壳的妈妈喂养时可学得这种技巧。‎ ‎2.In Bird Behavior Study, we can conclude that 　　　. ‎ A. nutcraker observers perform well in remembering B. the Clark’s Nutcraker has better learning skills C. the Mexican Jay benefits from social living D. jay cachers are only good at hiding food 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“the social living Mexican Jay is more adept at remembering and so making use of,the caches of others.”可知,群居的墨西哥松鸦更精于记忆并利用其他鸟藏的食物,所以选C项。‎ ‎3.According to the passage, both studies show that 　　　. ‎ A. skills are equipped in childhood B. skills improve by practice C. animals study through playing D. animals learn by examples 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。第一个实验提到的黑鼠,它们被会剥壳的妈妈喂养时可学得这种技巧。第二个实验提到的鸟,通过观察别的鸟来学习。由此可知,D项正确。‎ ‎[十]‎ To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to ‎ donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive.‎ But a year later, another juice company challenged the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.‎ Then in 2013,while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him.‎ ‎“When I walked over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, I had to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in the orange peel site itself,” said Timothy Treuer.‎ Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品),analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the area covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.‎ The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥),but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “polluted” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuer’ s study has received worldwide attention, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.‎ ‎【语篇导读】文章通过对一场环境污染的诉讼,介绍了橘子皮对土壤的改善作用。‎ ‎1. What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?‎ A. Add them to fuel. B. Feed them to animals.‎ C. Burn or bury them. D. Make them into cakes.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill...”可知,之前处理橘子皮的方式一般包括烧掉或花钱请人掩埋。‎ ‎2. What can we know about the deal between Del Oro and the national park?‎ A. It lasted 15 years.‎ B. It was signed by Treuer.‎ C. It carried out for about a year.‎ D. It was broken by Del Oro.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知Del Oro与national park 达成协议,往公园里倾倒橘子皮,但一年后由于其他果汁公司的诉讼终止了。‎ ‎3. What was Treuer’s finding?‎ A. Orange peels contain much fibre.‎ B. Orange peels can make soil richer.‎ C. Orange peels rot away in a short time.‎ D. Orange waste ruined the national park.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“They found great differences between the area covered with orange peels and those that were not.The area with orange waste had richer soil.”可知,他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的土壤更肥沃。‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude toward the judge mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A. Disapproving. B. Positive.‎ C. Worried. D. Admirable.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“...but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange ‘polluted’ a national park and stopped it from going forward.”可知,这位法官认为橘子皮会污染公园,而作者在文中的最后一句话“...this type of ‘ruining’ is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.”指出,橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机,所以作者不赞成法官的做法。‎