【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一（13页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一（13页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之四十一 ‎[一]‎ One sixth of undergraduates (本科生) in Beijing this year have registered at a driving school . The students , mostly from majors such as business management or international trade , will finish there driving courses within 20 days or so .‎ Training costs have dropped to ,2,600yuan for students , according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing . The price is not really low , but students will accept it , seeing it as an investment (投资) in their future . Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job . But a driver’s permit has become another factor. ‎ ‎“In the job market , owning a driver’s permit sometimes strengthens a graduating student’s competitiveness for a good position ,” says Zhou Yang , an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law .‎ Cars will become a necessary part of many people’s lives in the coming years , and it’s difficult to get a permit out of campus because of the pressures on working people’s time . “Having a full-time job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive . We senior students have plenty of spare time , plenty of opportunities to learn.” ‎ Xu Jian , an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious , and could grasp in an hour what it took ordinary people four hours to learn . In this driving school, middle-aged people , young women and college students are the main customers .‎ To get a driver’s permit , a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours’ practice before the final road test .‎ ‎46．The undergraduates are learning to drive because .‎ ‎ A．they like to drive cars B．they need this skill to find a good job .‎ ‎ C．most of them will be able to buy cars in the future ‎ ‎ D．they want to become full-time drivers after graduation ‎ ‎47．Which of the following is Xu Jian’s opinion of students learning to drive ?‎ ‎ A．He decided it was a waste of money and time .‎ ‎ B．He thought they must learn it at school .‎ ‎ C．He thought they would spend three times more time .‎ ‎ D．He agreed that young people had an advantage in learning to drive .‎ ‎48．Which of the following would be the best title of this passage ?‎ ‎ A．Students Learn to Drive 　 B．Welcome to Driving School ‎ ‎ C．It’s Better to Learn to Drive at College D．Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now ‎ 参考答案：46--48BDA ‎ ‎[二]‎ I think machine power is better than human power because we cannot survive ‎ without our daily used machines like bikes, coolers, computers, etc.‎ Started on 14-Apr-2008 By Smith E-mail: rksscet12@yahoo.com Johnson 6-May-2008 Yes, it’s very clear that machine power is better than man power. But machine power has its limitations (局限). It cannot survive without electricity and manhandling. If it doesn’t have these two then it is completely useless. So man should not completely depend on machines. One more point is that because of the use of machines man has become lazy. This laziness has brought in many problems like obesity, arthritis (关节炎) and other health problems. But I am not saying that man should completely turn from ma-chine power to man power. He should have a balance of both. Even I can’t think of life without a car, a computer and a cooler.‎ Sally ‎9-May-2008 Humans only created the machines. So, human power is greater than machine power. To do the things quickly we created the machines. But machines cannot think. That thinking power beats machine power.‎ Tina ‎17-May-2008 But without humans there is no value of any machine. If someone wants to use his machine perfectly then one must have expert labor or man power.‎ Tommy ‎19-May-2008 Hi to all, my opinion is that human power is more powerful than machine power, because human beings created the machines. Human brain works more com-pared to machines.‎ Mike ‎20-May-2008 I think human power is better than machine power because even if we travel on foot to near places the money will not be wasted and we can get exercise.‎ ‎53. Who agrees with Smith generally?‎ A. Tommy. B. Tina. C. Sally. D. Johnson.‎ ‎54. According to Johnson, man should ______.‎ A. keep a balance between human power and ma-chine power B. completely depend on machine power C. turn from machine power to man power completely D. live a life without a car, a computer or a cooler ‎55. Sally thinks that human power is better than machine power because ______.‎ A. machines are useless without electricity B. machine power can make people become lazy C. machines can’t think like human beings D. human brain can do things quickly ‎56. Which of the following questions are the speakers talking about in the passage?‎ A. Will machine power defeat human power?‎ B. Which is better, human power or machine power?‎ C. What limitations does machine power have? D. Will machines think in the future?‎ 参考答案：53--56 DACB ‎[三]‎ ‎ Most children now chat daily either online or through their mobile phones. They are connecting to a huge number of other children all over the world. Some are shy “in real life” but are confident to communicate with others online; others find support from people of their own age on relationship issues, or problems at home. ‎ ‎ Sometimes the online world, just like the real world, can introduce problems, such as arguments. Going online is great fun, but there are also a few people who use the Internet for offensive (冒犯性的) or illegal aims. Children must be made aware of both the good things and the dangers. ‎ ‎ To keep children safe your management must cover the family computer. Just as you decide which TV pro-grams are suitable, you need to do the same for the websites and chat rooms your children visit. Remind your children that online friends are still strangers. Re-minding them of the risks will keep them alert (警惕).‎ ‎ Computer studies are part of schoolwork now, so it’s likely that your children may know more than you do. We get left behind when it comes to the latest gad-gets and the interactive areas of websites, like chat rooms and message boards, which are especially strange. The language of chat is strange to many parents, too. Chatters love to use abbreviations (缩写) such as: atb — all the best, bbfn — bye bye for now, cul8er — see you later, gr8 — great, Idk — I don’t know, imbl — it must be love, kit — keep in touch, paw — parents are watching, lol — laugh out loud, xlnt — excellent!‎ ‎57. The passage is meant for ______.‎ A. children B. parents C. teachers D. net bar owners ‎58. Which of the following will the author probably agree with?‎ A. The Internet is no good for children.‎ B. The chat language is strange to adults.‎ C. Children shouldn’t chat so much online.‎ D. The Internet is a good place for children.‎ ‎59. In order to keep children safe online, you’d better ______.‎ A. choose suitable websites and chat rooms for them B. teach them to use correct net words C. surf the Internet together with them D. forbid them to use the Internet ‎60. If you stand beside him when your son is chatting about something secret online, he may use ______.‎ A. bbfn B. lol C. paw D. cul8er 参考答案：57--60 BBAC ‎[四]‎ Whenever we see a button, we are eager to press it because we know something will happen. This is true in most cases, for example on a doorbell and on the “on/off” button on the TV. But some buttons are actually fake, like the “close” button on a lift.‎ Many people are in the habit of pressing the “close” button because they don’t have the ‎ patience to wait for the lift doors to shut. But lifts’ “close” buttons are a complete scam (骗局), at least in the US － the doors will not close any faster no matter how hard you press.‎ It started in the 1990s when the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in the US, making sure that all lifts stayed open long enough so that people with disabilities could enter. Only US firefighters and repairmen can use the buttons to speed up the door-closing process if they have a code or special keys.‎ But to normal lift riders, the buttons aren’t completely useless. According to psychologists, fake buttons can actually make you feel better by offering you a sense of control.‎ ‎“Perceived (能够感知的) control is very important. It reduces stress and increases well-being,” Ellen J. Langer, a psychology professor, said, “having a lack of control is associated with depression（沮丧）.”‎ Experts have revealed that a lot of buttons that don’t do anything exist in our lives for this same purpose. For example, many offices in the US have fake thermostats (温度调节器) because people tend to feel better when they think they can control the temperature in their workplace.‎ Pedestrian(行人) crosswalk buttons don’t live up to their names either. Pressing them used to help make the traffic signals change faster, but that was before computer-controlled traffic signals were introduced.‎ But psychologists found it interesting that even when people are aware of these little “white lies”, they still continue to push fake buttons because as long as the doors eventually close, it is considered to be worth the effort.‎ ‎“That habit is here to stay,” John Kounios, a psychology professor, said. “Even though I have real doubts about the traffic light buttons, I always press them. After all, I’ve got nothing else to do while waiting. So why not press the button in the hope that this one will work?”‎ ‎32. What was the author’s main purpose in writing the article?‎ A. To describe some different kinds of fake buttons.‎ B. To analyze the functions of fake buttons.‎ C. To explore people’s different habits when it comes to pushing buttons.‎ D. To explain the advantages and disadvantages of fake buttons.‎ ‎33. In America, the “close” buttons on lifts _______.‎ A. work only when people press them hard for a while B. cannot speed up the process of closing the door in any case C. are fake for the convenience of disabled people D. were specially designed to give people a sense of control ‎34. The underlined part “for this same purpose” in Paragraph 6 refers to _______.‎ A. helping people to build up confidence B. making people more patient C. giving people perceived control D. making people with depression feel better ‎35. According to John Kounios, people who press fake buttons ______.‎ A. don’t know that what they press is fake B. should give up this habit C. consider what they do to be meaningless D. probably do so to kill time 参考答案：32-35 BCCD ‎ ‎[五]‎ Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.‎ The most talked about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.‎ Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died.‎ In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. A hundred and forty thousand people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.‎ One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 2008. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 400,000 people were killed or injured. This earthquake happened in 1556.‎ Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for earthquakes.‎ ‎28. Earthquakes happen ________.‎ A. in all the places in the world B. only in the countries that have a lot of mountains C. regularly in most places in the world D. only in a few places along the coast ‎29. When and where was the worst earthquake ever reported?‎ A. In 1964 in Alaska. B. In 1556 in China.‎ C. In 1923 in Japan. D. In 2008 in China.‎ ‎30. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. The stronger the earthquake is, the more people are killed.‎ B. Earthquakes often come unexpectedly.‎ C. Earthquakes can cause fires.‎ D. People still don't know how to tell when an earthquake will come.‎ ‎31. What may be talked about in the seventh paragraph?‎ A. How do earthquakes worry people?‎ B. What will people do to prepare for earthquakes?‎ C. How can we save people when earthquakes happen?‎ D. How do earthquakes happen?‎ 参考答案：28-31 CBAB ‎ ‎[六]‎ Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacks other plants. Except for its flowers, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked. Its almost leafless, thread-like stems hang down on top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive. Dodder does not produce its own food. Instead, it steals food from other plants. It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around, often making its host very weak or even killing it.‎ Dodder can find other plants by their smell. When a young dodder plant starts growing, it follows the smell of plants it prefers, like tomato plants, potato plants, or other farm crops. Unlike most plants that usually grow in the direction of light or ‎ warmth, a dodder plant will grow in the direction of, for example, tomato smell—if a tomato happens to be growing nearby.‎ However, a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly. It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it. If it cannot catch a smell of a potential host within a few days, it will dry up and vanish even if there is plenty of water around. Once it finds a host, the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster. At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.‎ Dodder is thus a difficult weed to manage and a real headache for farmers. When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer’s harvest or even destroy crops completely. Before sowing their produce, especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds. This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.‎ ‎32. Why does the author mention spaghetti in the first paragraph?‎ A. To analyze the content of some food.‎ B. To introduce the topic of this passage.‎ C. To tell the usage of the dodder plants.‎ D. To describe the shape of dodder plants.‎ ‎33. What does the underlined word “vanish” in the third paragraph mean?‎ A. invade. B. grow.‎ C. escape. D. disappear.‎ ‎34. What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Dodder doesn’t produce its own food.‎ B. Dodder gives off smell to attract plants.‎ C. Dodder can affect farmers’ income.‎ D. Dodder can only survive in the shade.‎ ‎35. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To introduce a new variety of farm crops.‎ B. To introduce the special abilities of a dangerous plant. ‎ C. To introduce plants that are harmful to humans.‎ D. To introduce recent improvements in farming methods.‎ 参考答案：32-35 DDCB ‎ ‎[七]‎ Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists:‎ Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the world’s problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.‎ Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans.‎ Scientist C: I’m a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of what’s happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.‎ ‎28. What is Scientist B worried about?‎ A. AI technology will destroy the earth. B. Computers can’t think by themselves.‎ C. Robots will take the place of humans. D. Humans will be unhappy without machines.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.‎ B. We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.‎ C. “Murderbots” can’t decide by themselves.‎ D. “Murderbots” will be against humans’ orders.‎ ‎30. Which statement is CORRECT according to the record?‎ A. Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.‎ B. The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.‎ C. “Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.‎ D. All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.‎ ‎31. Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?‎ A. Scientist A. B. Scientist B.‎ C. Scientists B & C. D. Scientists B & A.‎ 参考答案：28-31 CDB C ‎[八]‎ Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.‎ According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. ‎ In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.‎ After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.‎ In spite of all these difference, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%-and is growing.‎ ‎24. In what way are the French difference from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola?‎ A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently.‎ B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities.‎ C. They regard eating as a key part of their life style.‎ D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food.‎ ‎25. This text is mainly about the relationship between .‎ A. Americans and the French. B. life style and obesity C. Children and adults. D. Fast food and overweight ‎26. This text is mainly developed .‎ A. by contrast. B. by space C. by process D. by classification ‎27. Where does this text probably come from?‎ A. A TV interview. B. A food advertisement. ‎ C. A health report. D. A book review.‎ 参考答案：24-27 CBAC ‎[九]‎ Do you find it difficult to put down your mobile phone?‎ If yes, you're not alone. These days, many people suffer from the stress of FOMO (fear of missing out). They reach for their mobile phones when they wake up in the morning, and for the rest of the day, they constantly scroll down the timelines of their social media apps to get the latest updates.‎ Despite the convenience smartphones bring, many people struggle with their digital habits.‎ As Sameer Samat, US tech company vice president of product management, said in his speech at the 2018 Google I/O developer conference on May 8, 70% of people don’t want to spend so much time on their phones.‎ This is why during the conference Google introduced an app called Dashboard for the new version of its Android operating system. This new app includes well-being functions that aim to help users manage the time they spend on their digital devices.‎ It all starts with a bird’s-eye view. Dashboard allows users to look at all the details of their phone habits. For example, users can see how many times they’ve unlocked their phone and how many times they’ve checked their social media apps, as well as how much time they spend on each app every day.‎ Once the users see this information, they'll be able to make some changes. With the App Timer functions, users can set a time limit for how long they can use each app for every day. After they've hit the limit，they won't be able to launch the app until the next day.‎ But even if users become more mindful of their usage, they’re still likely to be drawn in by notifications (通知). This is where the Shush feature comes in. It automatically silences incoming calls and notifications when a user puts his/her phone face down.‎ If people truly want to make full use of their free time instead of losing hours using their smartphones, these new functions are just one way of doing that.‎ After all, who needs to use an app to stop you from using other apps when the easiest answer would be just to use your willpower?‎ ‎28. People under the pressure of FOMO may________.‎ A. have trouble with their sleep ‎ B. find it hard to focus on anything C. be addicted to their mobile phones ‎ D. prefer to download the latest apps ‎ ‎29. What inspires Google to launch Dashboard?‎ A.The limited functions of current Android system. ‎ B. People’s complaint about their smartphones.‎ C. Samat’s impressive speech at a conference. ‎ D. Mobilephone users’ great demand.‎ ‎30. ________ can track users’ phone habits in detail.‎ A. Android B. Timer C. Shush D. Dashboard ‎31. What can be learned from the passage?‎ A. Dashboard turned out to be popular. ‎ B. Dashboard is a perfect choice to manage time properly.‎ ‎ C. Strong willpower is the easiest way to avoid smartphone addiction.‎ ‎ D. People are exploring other ways to stop overusing smartphones.‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎28—31．CCDD ‎[十]‎ Wild animals are known to listen to each other for warnings that predators are near. Some birds, for example, flee when neighbors make a loud noise to announce a snake's presence.‎ The fairy wren is a small Australian songbird. It is not born knowing the "languages" of other birds. But recent research says it can learn the meaning of a few important sounds.‎ Andrew Radford is a biologist at the University of Bristol in England and co-writer of the new report published in early August in the journal Current Biology. He told the Associated Press, "We knew before that some animals can translate the meanings of other species' ‘foreign languages,' but we did not know how that ‘language learning' came about."‎ Birds have several ways of learning life skills. Some knowledge is genetically passed down by their parents and some comes from direct experience with the world. But Radford and other scientists are exploring a third kind of knowledge: information from fellows. ‎ Radford and researchers at the Australian National University carried out the study in the country's National Botanic Gardens in Canberra.They attached to their bodies specially-designed, sound-producing equipment called "tweeter speakers." They wanted to see if fairy wrens would react to sounds of other birds even if they could not see them.‎ The scientists first played the birds two recorded sounds that they likely had never heard before. One was a warning cry of a thornbill, a bird not native to Australia. The other was a computer-generated bird sound called "buzz."‎ When the 16 fairy wrens in the study first heard the sounds, they had no special reaction. The scientists then tried to train half of the birds to recognize the thornbill's cry as a warning sound. They tried to train the other half to recognize the computer-generated "buzz" as a warning call. ‎ After three days, the scientists tested what the birds had learned — and their students passed the test. The fairy wrens trained with the thornbill's cry, fled when they heard it. The group trained with the buzz, fled when they heard that sound. Neither group reacted to the sound taught to the other.‎ ‎32. What does the underlined word “predators” in the first paragraph mean?‎ A. enemies B. neighbors C. birds D. snakes ‎33. Which is the right order of the experiment?‎ ‎ a. The fairy wrens were divided into two parts.‎ b. The fairy wrens made no reaction to the strange sounds.‎ c. The fairy wrens wore sound-providing equipment.‎ d. The fairy wrens were trained separately.‎ e. The fairy wrens passed the test successfully.‎ A. a b c d e B. c b a d e C. c e b a d D. a c e d b ‎34. It can be learned from the study that the fairy wrens _______.‎ A. were not good “foreign language” learners ‎ B. made no reaction to the sounds all the time ‎ C. took both of the sounds as warnings ‎ D. fled when hearing the sound trained with ‎35. The passage is probably taken from________.‎ A. A biology textbook B. A science magazine ‎ C. A science fiction D. A wildlife brochure 参考答案：32--35 ABDB