【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---有提示词(6页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---有提示词(6页）

2019 届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---有提示词专题四　 [全国卷考情导向] 模式 1| 有提示词 [命题角度] 动词的时态 和语态 非谓语动词 形容词转换 副词 形容词、副 词的比较级 名词、代词 的数和格 词汇派生 考查动词八 种时态和语 态的基本构 成形式。 考查动词的 ­ing，­ed 形式和不定 式形式。　 考查形容词 后加­ly 或 ­ily 变 为 副词。 考查形容词、 副词变为比 较级的基本 构成形式。 考查单数名 词变成复数 名词的基本 构成形式。 考查加前缀 或后缀转化 而来的派生 词。 [考题感悟] 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However, be (care) not to go to extremes. careful　[考查派生词。be 后应接形容词作表语，故填 careful。] 2 ． (2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts. introduction　[考查派生词。冠词后表示“介绍”应用名词形式，故填 introduction。] 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. invitations　[考查名词的数。several 几个，其后的名词要用复数形式， 故填 invitations。] 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. are removed　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在 时，由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，且与 remove 是被动关系，故用一般 现在时的被动语态，故填 are removed。] 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term (rest)． resting　[考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事， 为固定搭配，故填 resting。] 6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. worse　[考查比较等级。even 后应跟比较级，表示程度的加深，故填 worse。] 7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. fairly　[考查派生词。修饰形容词 unpleasant 应用副词形式，故填 fairly。] 8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. to process　[考查非谓语动词。require sb./sth. to do sth.需要某人/物 做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以用不定式作主语补足语，故填 to process。] 9．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. is　[考查主谓一致。本句的主语是动名词短语 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow，是单数，故谓语动词用 is。] 10．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. arrived　[考查时态。由主句中的 was raining 可知，这里使用一般过去 时。] 11．(2017·日照市一模)Every country has (it) own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one. its　[考查代词的格。代词修饰其后的名词应用所有格形式，故填 its。] 12．(2017·南昌市三校联考)He had a keen interest in solving problems (meet) in everyday life. met　[考查非谓语动词。此处 met 为非谓语动词作定语修饰 problems，由于 problems 与 meet 为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。] 13．(2017·衡阳市模拟)The festival is one of the four (large) ice and snow festivals in the world! largest 　 [ 考 查 比 较 等 级 。 此 处 表 示 四 个 最 大 的 冰 雪 节 之 一 ， 故 填 largest。] 14．(2017·佛山一中模拟)Finally I refused to attend classes， (shut) myself in my room for hours. shutting　[考查非谓语动词。此处逗号后应用现在分词短语作伴随状语，故 填 shutting。] 15．(2017·太原五中检测)If you have time, you should witness the true (beautiful) of the China's landmark. beauty　[考查派生词。形容词 true 修饰名词，表示“真正的美”，故填 beauty。] 16．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)It is very difficult for parents to decide whether (have) a second child or not. to have　[考查非谓语动词。decide 后用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，故填 to have。] 17．(2017·成都市模拟)All in all, every student should behave (he) and keep away from violence. himself　[考查代词。behaveoneself 为固定搭配，表示“举止规范”，故填 himself。] 18．(2017·湖南师大附中模拟)Long (consider) a masterpiece of Chinese literature, the novel is generally acknowledged to be the peak of Chinese fiction. considered　[考查非谓语动词。逗号后为句子的主体，逗号前应用非谓语动 词作状语，consider 与 thenovel 为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作状语。] 19．(2017·包头市模拟)As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I (hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it. (should)hold　[考查虚拟语气。suggest 表示“建议”时后面宾语从句的谓 语动词应用(should)＋动词原形，故填(should) hold。] 20 ． (2017· 宝 鸡 市 模 拟 )It's natural that young people are often (comfortable) when they are with their parents. uncomfortable　[考查派生词。根据句意，年轻人在父母面前应该是有所拘 束，故此处加否定前缀表示“不舒服的”。] [技法点拨] 技法 1 当提示词为动词时，若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词， 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所填之词就是谓语动词，这时就要考虑时态、 语态和主语的数。 (2017·本溪市模拟)Most players are traded(trade) to another team at least three times in their careers. (2017·赤峰市模拟)He wrote(write) this postcard and sent it to his lovely sister Nell in January 1916. 技法 2当提示词为动词时，若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填动 词通常是非谓语动词，这时就要确定是动词­ing 形式，­ed 形式，还是不定式形 式。 (1)作目的状语只能用不定式的一般式，可位于句首或句尾。 (2017·邯郸市模拟)To overcome(overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. (2017·绵阳市模拟)Today, many scientists go there to study(study) its resources and work together for progress and peace. (2)作伴随状语一般用动词­ing 形式。 (2017·南昌市模拟)China will allow all couples to have two children， giving(give) up its decades­long one­child policy. (3)作介词的宾语一般用动词­ing 形式。 (2017· 烟 台 市 模 拟 )Meanwhile, the media plays a major role in creating(create)a higher level of awareness about blood donation. (2017·马鞍山二中模拟)But every driver who stopped to examine the note drove off without saying(say) a word. (4)非谓语动词转化的形容词作定语或表语时，表示“令人……的”用动词­ing 形式；表示“(感到)……的”用过去分词。 (2017·日照市校际联合检测)The tea culture of China is amazing(amaze)and has a long history. (2017· 长 春 外 国 语 学 校 模 拟 )Many students may feel stressed(stress) because of their parents. (2017·汕头市模拟)I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a surprised(surprise) smile. 技法 3当空格后所给的提示词是名词，并且作主语或宾语时，通常考查其复数形 式。 (2017·漳州市八校联考)Chances(chance) are that you will receive three different answers. (2017·南昌市三校联考)As a teen he left his family's farm in search of better opportunities(opportunity)． 技法 4当空格后所给的提示词为动词，并且所填的词在句中作主语或宾语时，通 常考查动词所派生出的名词。 (2017·厦门一中模拟)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of achievement(achieve)． (2017·昆明市第一中学模拟)Only in this way can they win the favors and protection(protect) from their ancestors and the God. 技法 5当空格后所给的提示词是形容词，并且所填的词在句中作状语，通常考查 该形容词派生出的副词。 (2017·济南一中模拟)Crimes go up rapidly(rapid) during the winter and summer holiday seasons. (2017· 南 昌 二 中 模 拟 )His words touched me, and I suddenly(sudden) realized that family is the most important in the world. 技法 6 当空格后所给的提示词是副词时，通常考查该副词的比较等级。 (2017·菏泽市模拟)This shows us that sometimes a peaceful mind can think better(well) than an excited one. (2017·青岛市模拟)This is the method I have learnt—the harder(hard) you work independently, the better solutions you will find.