【英语】2018届二轮复习书面表达篇之图表作文写作指导教案（11页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习书面表达篇之图表作文写作指导教案（11页）

‎2018届二轮复习书面表达篇之图表作文写作指导 考纲解读 考试大纲 命题规律 考纲解读 ‎《英语考试大纲》对学生的书面表达能力作了明确的规定：要求考生根据所给情景用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。‎ 图表作文是难度较大的一种写作题型。图表作文分为:观点对比类作文和数据分析类作文。图表作文要求考生简要概述图表所揭示的信息, 分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势;分析原因，并提出解决问题的方法或建议。‎ 图表作文要求考生根据所给的图表、数据等进行分析、研究,阅读其中的文字和说明,弄清各种信息之间的关系,提炼要点,然后组织语言进行写作,必要时还要加入作者自己的观点。图表作文考查考生进行数据分析和材料归纳的能力。‎ 高考预测 命题者多利用调查图、表格或柱状图的方式呈现试题。图表作文要求考生将有关信息转化为文字形式，同时会运用一定的写作方法。高考中有时会考查表格式呈现材料的作文，很少出现数据分析类图表作文。‎ 应试技巧 图表类书面表达的写作技巧 图表类作文是高考英语书面表达较常见的考查形式之一，要求考生通过对数据、文字内容进行分析，对前后变化、正反观点进行对比，或者对某产品进行介绍，系统而准确地表达出图表所示内容，并得出令人信服的结论。从写作体裁看，主要有说明文、议论文和应用文；时态通常以一般现在时为主。写作时，要做到以下几点：‎ ‎1. 解读信息。认真阅读图表提供的信息以及每一栏上面的小标题，弄清设计者想通过图表反映的信息、问题或现象。对于曲线图，要认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并注意交点在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位；对于流程图，要按流程顺序进行适当的、符合逻辑的推理；对于柱状图或饼状图要通过对宽度相等的柱形的高度比较和各部分所占比例来判断事物的发展趋势，要注意坐标线的刻度、单位及图表旁边的提示说明；对于平面图，要仔细观察，理解图表的真正含义，按一定的逻辑顺序，有层次地进行表述。‎ ‎2. 分析数据。在掌握全部信息和数据的基础上，着手分析这些信息和数据，通过分析对比，找出不同点和相似点。学会看趋势、找规律，从整体看图表有何发展变化，找出特点、规律。‎ ‎3. 展开写作。在写作时要注意下面几点：‎ ‎(1)开门见山，点明图表要表达的主题。‎ ‎(2)中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可通过分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。引用图表中的信息，使你的文章＂由图而发＂，言之有据。但切忌反复使用同一句式或反复出现图表中的数据，使文章显得单调。要注意改换表述的方式，使用不同的词语和句式。‎ ‎(3)结尾对全文进行总结。‎ ‎☞【写作角度与注意事项】‎ ‎ 仔细审题永远是写作中最重要的部分。认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系，整理要点。‎ ‎ 图表作文的结构通常是三段式：‎ 第一段：描述图表，得出结论。‎ 第二段：紧扣主题，根据图表比较分析原因，论证结论。‎ 第三段：发表议论，提出自己的看法。‎ ‎ 写作时注意要直截了当，尽快入题，适当加入自己的议论，力争做到观点明确，不要拐弯抹角，拖泥带水，否则容易使人感到一头雾水。‎ ‎ 另外，同学们还应该注意以下几个小问题：文章应包括图表所示内容，但不必全部写到；叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比；最重要的是要有表明自己观点的句子。书写要规范，包括大小写、标点符号等。写完之后还要注意认真检查，改正错误。‎ ‎☞【素材锦囊】‎ ‎1. 开头语句 ‎(1)As can be seen from the chart.../As is shown in the chart...‎ ‎(2)The chart shows that about 60 percent of students want to go to college...‎ ‎(3)From the graph/data/results/information above, it can be seen/concluded/shown/ estimated...‎ ‎(4)The graph/chart shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...‎ ‎2. 衔接语句 ‎(1)As we all know,...‎ ‎(2)As is known to all,...‎ ‎(3)It is well known that...‎ ‎(4)In my opinion,...‎ ‎(5)As far as I am concerned,...‎ ‎(6)This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.‎ ‎(7)Compared with..., the number of the students of...‎ ‎3. 结尾语句 ‎(1)In conclusion...‎ ‎(2)In brief...‎ ‎(3)On the whole...‎ ‎(4)In short...‎ ‎(5)In a word...‎ ‎(6)To sum up/In summary…‎ ‎(7)Generally speaking...‎ ‎(8)As has been stated...‎ ‎☞【写作模板】‎ 模板一：‎ As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/ pie/chart), 作文题目的议题 has been on rise (goes up/increases/drops/decreases), significantly/dramatically/ steadily rising/decreasing from 　　　% in 　　　年to　　　% in　　　年. From the sharp/ marked rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that 现象总结. ‎ There are at least two good reasons accounting for　　　. On the one hand,　　　. On the other hand,　　　 is due to the fact that　　　. In addition,　　　is responsible for 　　　. (Maybe there are some other reasons to show 　　　. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.) ‎ As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that 　　　. ‎ 模板二：‎ The chart gives us an overall picture of 图表主题.The first thing we notice is that 图表最大的特点.This means that 进一步说明.‎ We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一. After v-ing+细节一中的第一个变化, the v-ed+幅度+时间+紧跟着的变化.The figures also tell us that 图表细节二. In the column, we can see that accounts for 进一步描述.‎ Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that 结论.The reason for this, as far as I am concerned, is that 给出原因. It is high time that we 发出倡议.‎ 真题回放 典例一 (2015·江苏)‎ 请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。‎ ‎【写作内容】‎ ‎1. 用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；‎ ‎2. 结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;‎ ‎3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。‎ ‎【写作要求】‎ ‎1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；‎ ‎2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；‎ ‎3. 不必写标题。‎ ‎【评分标准】‎ 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。‎ ‎【审题谋篇】材料分为三部分：第一部分讲述了一位老奶奶阻止车辆占用自行车道引发的争议。第二部分讲述了某些骑电动车和自行车的人不遵守红绿灯，导致交通事故发生的现象。第三部分是图表和文字，反映近几年私家车的数量激增的现象。要求第一段用约30个单词概括材料内容；第二段分析导致交通问题的原因；第三段从社会规则和个人行为两方面谈谈启示(不少于两点)。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten people’s lives. The three selections presented above are typical examples.‎ Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.‎ In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them,①people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society. It is the people who obey the rules that matter.② It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.‎ ‎【范文点评】范文严格按照＂三步走＂的格局,第一段用约30词(不含标点)概括了所给材料，得益于使用了＂not only...but ‎ also...＂这一经典句型；第二段分析了导致交通问题的原因，使用了give rise to，large-scale construction of，the increasing number of，(be)vital to等高级词汇，同时衔接词what’s worse的使用使该段条理清晰；第三段句型多样，句①使用了without引出虚拟条件；句②使用了It is...who...强调句。此外还有It is one’s duty to do sth.句型等，为文章增色不少。‎ 典例二 (2014·新课标卷I)‎ 假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。‎ 注意：1. 词数100左右。‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎3. 参考词汇：住宿—accommodation Dear Sir/Madam, ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________‎ Yours faithfully, ‎ Li Hua ‎【审题谋篇】‎ ‎1. 审文体：应用文，图表类作文 ‎2. 审格式：书信 ‎3. 审人称：第一人称 ‎4. 审时态：一般现在时为主 ‎5. 审要点：‎ ‎(1)说明写信的目的；‎ ‎(2)开课时间和每周上课时间；‎ ‎(3)班级大小；‎ ‎(4)收费情况；‎ ‎(5)住宿类型。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Sir/Madam,‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation. I’ve seen your ad, and I’d like to know something more about your six-week English course. First, when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？Besides, I wish there would not be too many students in a class. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. Would there be host family or university dormitory?‎ I am looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua 名校典题 ‎(安徽省淮南市2016高三下学期高考一模)下表是某校关于中学生双休日活动现状的一份调查，请结合表格内容，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，就中学生应如何过双休日发表你的看法。‎ 学习情况 几乎都在学习 ‎16%‎ 半天学习，半天活动 ‎24%‎ 几乎都在做其他事情 ‎60%‎ 娱乐休闲 体育活动 ‎20%‎ 游玩和购物 ‎40% ‎ 上网、看电视 ‎40%‎ 去图书馆 经常 ‎ ‎5% ‎ 偶尔 ‎23%‎ 几乎没有 ‎72%‎ 课外兴趣小组 经常 ‎10% ‎ 偶尔 ‎ ‎20% ‎ 不参加 ‎70%‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文 This form displays the result of a survey on students’ weekend. It says that few students are fully engaged in their schoolwork any more. Instead, they prefer to surf on the Internet, watch TV, go shopping rather than involve in sports games. Library and interest groups are available but not favourable.‎ ‎　　Personally I think, students are now freed from heavy burden but their spare time is not well arranged. They are expected to spend some time on what they learn instead of hanging out. More time should be spent not only on green field but also in the libraries to build up themselves physically and mentally. Besides, more interest groups should be established for students to widen their horizon and sharpen their brains so that they can become more creative eventually. All these will contributes a lot to a well-informed and highly qualified teenager.‎ In conclusion, students should be more scheduled with colorful and fruitful activities.‎ 专家解读 A 近来某网站对人们外出旅游的频率和目的进行了一次问卷调查，结果见下图。请根据图表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文，介绍此次调查结果，并谈谈你自己外出旅游的目的。‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 文章的开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。‎ Recently an online survey on traveling has been conducted. In the survey, people are asked about how often and why they travel, and the results are as follows.___________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ B 假设你叫李华，你所在的班级最近就交通事故原因进行了讨论，同学们发表了不同的看法，讨论结果如下列图表所示。请根据图表所示结果写一封信给某英文报社，并发表自己的看法。‎ ‎50%的同学的看法 骑自行车的人 ‎◆不遵守交通规则 ‎◆骑车速度过快 ‎40%的同学的看法 司机 ‎◆超速 ‎◆酒后驾驶 ‎◆开车时接打电话 ‎10%的同学的看法 行人 ‎◆乱穿马路 你的看法 ‎……‎ ‎……‎ 注意：1. 不得逐条翻译要点提示，可适当发挥；‎ ‎2. 开头、结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎3. 字数要求：100词左右。‎ Dear editor,‎ ‎ Recently, we had a heated discussion about the causes of traffic accidents.______________________‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Looking forward to your early reply. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua C ‎5月20日是＂中国学生营养日＂，那天你校研究性学习小组就早餐问题进行了一次调查，其结果令人担忧(见下图)。请你根据调查结果写一篇英语短文，倡导营养早餐。‎ 注意：1. 所写内容要包括图中所提供的全部信息，并谈谈自己的看法；‎ ‎2. 词数100左右；‎ ‎3. 参考词汇：营养不良 malnutrition As we know, breakfast is important.___________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文 A Recently an online survey on traveling has been conducted. In the survey, people are asked about how often and why they travel, and the results are as follows. ‎ Chart 1 shows that 33% of the people often go traveling. Nearly half of the people do it now and then, while those who seldom go out to travel account for 21%.‎ As is shown in Chart 2, people travel for different purposes. The largest percentage of people, about 48%, put enjoying beautiful natural scenery in the first place for their travel. Over a quarter of them enjoy learning about customs and 20% prefer to visit places of interest. Also there are a small number of people who travel mainly for shopping. As for me, traveling is not only a good way to relax but also a chance to broaden my horizons.‎ B Dear editor,‎ Recently, we had a heated discussion about the causes of traffic accidents. Opinions are divided.‎ ‎50% of our classmates hold the view that cyclists are responsible for traffic accidents because they always ignore the traffic rules. Moreover, cyclists often ride at a fast speed. However, about 40% of the students believe that drivers are to blame for traffic accidents. First, they often drive fast. Second, some of them drive after drinking alcohol. Besides, most of them speak on the phone while driving. Only 10% of the students think that pedestrians’ crossing the roads incorrectly leads to traffic accidents.‎ In my opinion, drivers must be the main cause, because we often see that in many cases, drivers speed up when the light is turning red, ignoring pedestrians, bicyclists or other cars. If they obey the traffic rules, a large number of accidents can be avoided.‎ ‎ Looking forward to your early reply. ‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua C As we know, breakfast is important. But not all students have realized its importance. On May 20th, the research study group of our school conducted a survey about breakfast. The result is as follows:‎ ‎55 percent of the surveyed students who have breakfast regularly keep healthy and are always full of energy. 25 percent of them just have junk food instead. They don’t have a balanced diet, which makes them suffer from malnutrition.‎ Besides, 20 percent of them skip breakfast to go to school. As a result, they often feel hungry in class and can’t listen to teachers carefully. What’s worse, they get ill easily.‎ As far as I am concerned, it’s necessary for us to have breakfast and we should also have the right kinds of food for breakfast. Only in this way can we enjoy a healthy and wonderful life.‎