中考必备语法 动词的分类和时态

申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。

文档介绍

中考必备语法 动词的分类和时态

中考必备语法 动词的分类和时态 二、考点跟踪解读 ‎ 中考对动词的考查主要集中在:‎ ‎ 1. 掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则;‎ ‎ 2.掌握动词六种时态的基本结构,主要用法及区别(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时)‎ ‎ 3.掌握系动词be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;‎ ‎ 4.了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法;‎ ‎ 5.掌握助动词be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;‎ ‎ 6.掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法;‎ 三、要点精讲全解 ‎(一)动词的分类 ‎1. 按词义和句中的作用,动词可以分为四类。‎ 类别 特点 意义 举例 行为动词 (vt. vi.)‎ 及物动词跟宾语 须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思 I have a book..‎ 不及物动词不能直接跟宾语 能独立作谓语 She always comes late.‎ 连系动词(link-v)‎ 跟表语 有词义,不能独立做谓语,跟表语构成谓语。‎ I am a student.‎ 助动词(aux. v.)‎ 跟动词原形或分词(无词义)‎ 不能独立做谓语,帮助构成疑问,否定,时态,语态等。‎ He doesn’t speak Chinese.‎ I am watching TV.‎ 情态动词 (mod. v.)‎ 跟动词原形,有词义 不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化 We can do it by ourselves.‎ That would be better.‎ ‎2.短语动词,短语动词是由一些动词和其它词构成短语,表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下。‎ 构成方式 举例 动词+介词 look at, look after, listen to, shout at 动词+副词 give up, put away, turn on, put on 动词+副词+介词 catch up with, come up with ‎ 动词+名词+介词 take care of, pay attention to be+形容词+介词 be proud of, be afraid of, be friendly to ‎ ‎(二)动词的基本形式 绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。‎ ‎1. 第三人称单数 动 词 特 征 变    化 例    词 一般动词 词尾加-s work—works, write—writes 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾 词尾加-es guess—guesses, finish—finishes, ‎ fix—fixes, catch—catches, do-does 以”辅音字母+y”结尾 ‎ 变y为i再加-es ‎ study—studies, fly- flies 特殊的 have—has, be—is ‎2. 现在分词 动 词 特 征 变    化 例    词 一般动词 直接加-ing study—studying, work—working 以不发音的e结尾 去e加-ing come- coming, ‎ move- moving 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing swim- swimming ‎ run- running 以ie结尾 变ie为y再加ing lie—lying, ‎ tie—tying ‎3. 动词的过去式及过去分词 ‎ (1) 规则动词的变化:‎ ‎    规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。‎ 动 词 特 征 变     化 例     词 一般动词 词尾加-ed ask—asked-asked 以e结尾 词尾加-d love—loved, dance—danced 以”辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry-carried-carried 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop—stopped-stopped ‎(2) 不规则动词的变化。(略)‎ ‎(三)动词的时态 ‎1. 一般现在时 ‎(1)表示 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作;表示现在的事实或状态;表示主语所具有的特征,性格和能力;以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词的构成 ‎●be(am, is are)的一般现在时:要达到主谓一致,需记住“我用am,你用are,is跟着他、她、它,所有复数都用are。其否定形式是be后加not,疑问形式把be提前。如:‎ She is on duty today. 他今天值日。‎ 否定句:She isn’t on duty today. ‎ 一般疑问句:Is she on duty today?‎ I’m at home.我在家。‎ 否定句:I’m not at home.‎ 一般疑问句:Are you at home?‎ ‎●There be结构 There be+主语+某地/某时, 在保持主谓一致,要注意一下六个方面。‎ 主语 谓语 例句 可数名词单数 is There is a bird in the tree. ‎ 可数名词复数 are There are some people in the park.‎ 不可数名词 is There is some money in the purse. ‎ 并列列举 就近原则 There is a book and two pens in the bag.‎ of短语(a lot of除外)‎ of前的名词一致 There are two cups of tea on the table.‎ a lot of +n.‎ 和a lot of 后面的名词一致 There are a lot of flowers in the garden. ‎ There is a lot of rain this summer.‎ ‎●行为动词的一般现在时:‎ 主语 谓语 例句 非第三人称单数 肯定式:动词原形 They speak English. ‎ 否定式:don’t +动词原形 They don’t speak English.‎ 疑问式:Do +主语+动词原形+……?‎ Do they speak English?‎ 第三人称单数 肯定式:第三人称单数 He often does morning exercises.‎ 否定式: doesn’t +动词原形 He doesn’t often do morning exercises.‎ 疑问式:Does +主语+动词原形+……?‎ Does he often do morning exercises?‎ ‎(3)标志词:‎ ‎●always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever ‎●once /twice /three times a week ‎●every day/year/month, on weekends.‎ ‎2. 一般过去时 ‎(1)表示 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态;或表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词 肯定式 动词的过去式 He wrote to Tom yesterday.‎ 否定式 didn’t +动词原形 He didn’t write to Tom yesterday. ‎ 疑问式 Did+主语+动词原形+……?‎ Did he write to Tom yesterday?‎ ‎(3)标志词:‎ ‎●yesterday, yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening, the day before yester,‎ ‎●last night/year/week/ month/Sunday ‎●一段时间+ago。如:three years ago ‎ ‎●其它:just now, in 1998 ‎ ‎3. 现在进行时 ‎(1)表示 ‎ 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词 现在进行时的谓语动词由:助动词be (am/is/are)+V-ing构成的,其否定形式是在be后加not,疑问形式把be提到句首。如:‎ They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。‎ Are they doing their homework? 他们在做作业吗?‎ She isn’t playing the guitar. 她没有在弹吉他。‎ ‎(3)标志词: now, look! Listen! at this moment, What are you doing? It’s half past ten. ‎ 注意:be always doing表示反复出现的动作,代替一般现在时,表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如:‎ ‎ He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。‎ ‎4. 过去进行时 ‎(1)表示:过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词:助动词was/were+V.-ing,否定形式是was/were后加not,疑问形式是把was/were提前。如:‎ They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。‎ What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么?‎ She wasn’t watching TV at 8:00 yesterday morning. 昨天早上八点她不在看电视。‎ ‎(3)标志词:‎ ‎●at that time, at eight yesterday, at this time yesterday ‎●when he came in, When I saw her ‎●from ten to eleven yesterday morning, last spring ‎ 注意:用过去进行时的几个复合句。‎ 主句 从句 例句 过去进行时 when(一般过去时)‎ I was doing my homework when the bell rang.‎ 一般过去时 when(过去进行时)‎ When I was playing games, she came. ‎ 一般过去时 while(过去进行时)‎ It began to rain while I was working on the farm.‎ 过去进行时 While(过去进行时)‎ I was singing while she was dancing.‎ ‎5. 一般将来时 ‎(1)表示 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词 由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。当主语是第一人称I/we时,用shall。‎ 其否定形式是will/shall后加not,疑问是把will/shall提前。如:‎ They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。‎ We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。‎ ‎(3)标志词 ‎●tomorrow, tomorrow morning(afternoon/ evening)‎ ‎●next year(week/ month/term…)‎ ‎● in+一段时间。如:in three days ‎● soon, this afternoon 注意:‎ ‎(1)在口语中,表示打算、计划、决定做某事时,也可以用”be going to+动词原形”这个结构。否定be后加not,疑问提前be。如:‎ I’m going to play the piano this afternoon. 今天下午我将弹钢琴。‎ She isn’t going to take part in the party tomorrow. 明天她不将参加这个晚会。‎ ‎(2)由when, after, as soon as, until等引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。‎ I’ll tell him the good news when he comes back. 当他回来,我就将把这个好消息告诉他。‎ I’ll go for a walk if it stops raining. 如果雨停了,我将去散步。‎ ‎(3)在口语中,我们可用进行时表示将来。出现较多的有go, come, leave, win, fly等。如:‎ She is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 明天她将去上海出发。‎ ‎-Can you help me clean the room? . 你能帮助我吗?‎ ‎-Sure, I’m coming now当然了,我就来。‎ ‎6. 过去将来时 过去将来时表示相对于过去某个时间来说,将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句中,当主句用一般过去时,从句表示将来意义时,用过去将来时。其谓语动词是:would/ should+动词原形, was/were going to +动词原形。如:‎ You knew I would come. 你知道我要来的。‎ He asked me when he would see me again. 他问我什么时候能再见我。‎ ‎7. 现在完成时 ‎(1)构成:‎ ‎ 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。‎ ‎(2)用法 ‎●过去对现在:表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。即动作虽然发生在过去,但强调的是现在的情况。常与already, just, yet, before, so far, during the past/last…, in the past /last…等状语连用。如:‎ ‎-Have you had lunch yet?   你吃午饭了吗?‎ ‎ -Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.  我刚刚吃过。‎ ‎●过去到现在:表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与for或since引导的包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用。for +一段时间,强调这段时间的长度;since+过去时间一点,强调这段时间的起点,它们可以相互转化的。for +一段时间=since+一段时间+ago。   如:‎ He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。‎ ‎ I haven’t seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她 在这种用法中,要求动词用延续性动词,非延续动词要用意义相近的词或状态动词be来代替。在初中主要出现下面一些词的变化:‎ ‎  buy →have    borrow  →keep           put on →wear ‎ ‎ die →be dead open →be open close→be closed ‎ ‎ join→be in/a begin→be on , become→be ‎ leave→be away from come(arrive)→be in/ at 如: ‎ He has kept the book for three days. 他借这本书三天了。‎ My father has been away from Shanghai for three days. 我父亲离开上海三天了。‎ ‎●过去的经历:表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如: ‎ I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。‎ ‎(3)现在完成时的时间状语 ‎●与already, just和yet连用。‎ already常用于肯定句句中,即行为动词之前,助动词之后,变为否定或疑问句时要变为yet, yet一般用于句末;just一般也用于肯定句句中。‎ I have already had supper. 我已经吃晚饭了。‎ Have you finished your homework yet? 你还没有完成作业吗?‎ He hasn’t got up late. 他还没有起床。‎ ‎●与before 连用。before常用于句末。‎ She hasn’t spoken to a foreigner before.她以前从来没和外国人讲过话 ‎●与ever 和never 连用。ever 和never 常用于句中,never 本身表示否定。‎ Have you ever driven a car? 你曾经开过车吗?‎ He has never been to the Great Wall, has he? 他从来没去过长城,是吗?‎ ‎●so far 到目前为止。‎ So far he has passed the exam. 到目前为止他考试及格了。‎ ‎●与once, twice, three times 等表示次数的词连用。‎ I have been to Beijing twice.我去北京两次了。‎ 注意:‎ ‎(1)现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较: ‎ ‎ I have lost my new book.  我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)‎ ‎ I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)‎ ‎(2)have been to 与have gone  to 的区别 have been to 表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)” ,可用于各人称;‎ have gone(to)表示“去了某地(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。如:‎ They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 ‎ ‎  He has gone to Beijing .  他去北京了。‎ ‎8. 过去完成时 ‎(1)表示:过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作以前就已经发生或完成的动作。即动作要发生在:过去的过去。‎ ‎(2)谓语动词的构成 肯定式:“助动词had+动词的过去分词”,had没有人称和数的变化。否定式had+not+过去分词(had not可缩写为hadn’t)疑问式把had提到句首。‎ 如:‎ When we got there, the film had already begun. 当我们到那里时,电影已经开始了。‎ She hadn’t had supper before I saw her. 在我看见她之前她还没有吃晚饭。‎ Had he told you to wear warm clothes before you came here?‎ ‎ 在你来这里之前他没告诉你要穿暖和的衣服吗?‎ How many English words had you learned by the end of last year? ‎ 到去年年底为止,你们学了多少英语单词?‎ ‎(3)特征时间状语: ‎ ‎●by(the end of)+表示过去时间的短语 ‎ He had finished writing the story by yesterday. 到昨天为止,他写完了这个故事。‎ ‎●by the time +表示过去时间的从句 The train had already left by the time I got there. 在我到那里之前,火车就离开了。‎ ‎●主句用一般过去时,宾语从句用过去完成时。‎ She wanted to know if you had finished your homework. 她想知道你是否完成了作业。‎ ‎●主句用过去完成时,before/when从句用一般过去时。‎ It had stopped raining when I got up. 当我起床的时候,雨已停了。‎ ‎●主句用一般过去时,after 从句用过去完成时。‎ We had a good time after we had reached the top of the mountain.‎ 在我们爬上那个山顶后,我们玩得很高兴。‎ ‎(四)常用动词辨析 ‎1. bring, take, carry ,get bring “拿来””、”带来”,向着说话者方向, take“拿走”,远离说话者方向,carry是 ‎“带着,搬运”,没有方向, 而get“去取”,表示去了又回来了。如: ‎ Bring me the book, please.请把书给我带来。‎ It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.天要下雨,请随身带着雨伞。‎ The box is heavy. Can you carry it? 箱子很重,你能扛动吗?‎ Please go to my office to get some chalk.请去我的办公室拿点粉笔来。‎ ‎2. wear, put on, dress put on “穿上、戴上”,表示穿的动作,后接穿衣服、鞋、帽等;wear是“穿着、戴着”,强调穿的状态,后接衣服、鞋帽等; dress “穿着、打扮”它的宾语是人,不是衣服。如:‎ He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.他甚至在天好的时候,也穿雨衣。‎ It’s cold. You’d better put on your coat. 天很冷,你最好穿上雨衣。‎ The boy is too young to dress himself. 那个男孩太小,不会自己穿衣服。 ‎ ‎3. take, spend, pay, cost take指做某事用多少时间,常用句式是It takes sb. some time to do sth.,真正的主语是to do sth.; spend的主语是人,常用句式是spend + money/time + on something/ (in) doing sth.;pay的主语也是人,常用句式是pay money for sth. ;cost的主语是物,常用句式是cost sb. some money. 如:‎ It took me three days to finish the work.完成这项工作,花费了我三天。 ‎ ‎=I spent three days finishing the work. ‎ She spent more than 500 yuan on the coat.买这袄花费了她500多元。‎ ‎=She paid more than 500 yuan for the coat. ‎ ‎=The coat cost her more than 500 yuan. ‎ ‎4. reach, get, arrive reach是及物动词,后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。get是不及动词,常与to连用,再接名词,后面接表示地点的副词时,不用to,get to常用于口语中。arrive是不及物动词,表示到达一个小地方时,用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。 ‎ We reached the top of the mountain at last.我们最后到达了山顶。‎ When we got to the cinema, the film had begun.当我们到达电影院的时候,电影已开始了。‎ The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.外国人明天将到达上海。‎ ‎5. look, see, watch, read look 看,表示看的动作,look at;see 看见,表结果;也可说看电影see a film;watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等。read看书报杂志等文字材料。如:‎ Please don’t look out of the window.请不要朝窗外看。‎ I looked, but I saw nothing. 我看了,但是没有看见什么。‎ I saw them lying on the beach. 我看见他们正躺在沙滩上。‎ My father is reading newspaper now.我的父亲正在看报纸。‎ ‎6. look for, find, find out, look after, take care of,  look over, look forward to look for 寻找,表过程;find发现,找到,表结果;find out 找出,查明。如:‎ I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn’t find it anywhere.‎ 我到处找我丢失的钢笔,但是哪里也没有找到。‎ look after, take care of 均表示“照看,照顾”;look over 检查身体等;look forward to盼望……,期待……。如:‎ She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian ‎ 她期望去拜访在大连的祖父母。‎ ‎7. say, speak, talk, tell   ‎ say接说话的内容,作及物动词。say sth to sb. 对某人说某事。speak强调说话的能力或方式,常指能说某种语言,打电话时常用它表示说话,也有“演讲”的意思,不强调说话的内容。talk多者之间的交谈。tell一般用tell sb. (to do) sth. 如:‎ Did you say goodbye to your parents?你和你的父母道别了吗?‎ He will speak at the meeting tonight.今天晚上他将在会上发言。‎ They are talking about their friends now.他们现在正在他们的朋友。‎ The policeman told us not to play football in the street.警察告诉我们不要在街道上踢足球。‎ ‎8. listen to, hear, hear of, hear from listen to 听……,表示听的动作。hear  听见,听到。表示结果。hear of 听说,表示间接听见,hear from收到某人的信息或来信。如:   ‎ I listened carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything.我仔细听了,但是没有听见什么。  ‎ Have you heard of this news? 你听说过这个新闻了吗?‎ I heard from my friend in Australia last week.上一周我收到了在澳大利亚的朋友的来信。‎ ‎9. borrow, lend, keep borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西,常与介词from连用。lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人,常与介词to连用。keep表示“保存”,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如: ‎ You can borrow books from the library.你可以从图书馆借些书。‎ Could you lend me some money? 你可以借给我些钱吗?‎ I have kept the book for 3 weeks.这本书我借了三天了。 ‎ 四、思维误区警示 ‎(一) 一般现在时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(连云港)-Mum, _______ shall we have lunch?‎ ‎ -We will have it when your dad_________.‎ ‎  A. when; returns     B. where; returns   C. where; will return   D. when; will return ‎  答案:A。when在后半句中表示"当、、、时候",状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况,根据后半句应该是问时间的,第一空用时间疑问词when.‎ ‎2.(南通)-Tomorrow will be Father’s Day. What will you do for your father?‎ ‎    - I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he _______ up.  ‎ A. will wake        B. is waking       C. wakes            D. woke ‎   答案:C。as soon as一……就……,引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。‎ ‎  3.(宿迁)Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. ‎ ‎   A. travelled         B. has travelled     C. is travelling       D. travels ‎   答案:D。“光比声音传播速度快“是科学真理,在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。‎ ‎  4. (扬州)-Let’s go fishing if it _______ this weekend.‎ ‎   -But nobody knows if it_______.‎ A. is fine, will rain  B. will be fine, rains    C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain ‎   答案:A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来;后半句if的意思是"是否",引导宾语从句,周末下不下雨是未来的事情,用一般将来时。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ ‎ 一般现在时,学生经常出现的错误是:‎ ‎1. be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中。在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中。‎ ‎2.第三人称单数形式出错。‎ ‎3. 在句式变换时易出错,当主语是第三人称单数时,变为否定或疑问时,添加does后,后接动词原形。可记住如下口诀:见助动,用原形。‎ ‎4.对do的理解易出错。do是一个比较难理解的词,是助动词,无实义;是行为动词“做,干”。‎ ‎ 5. 对主语的数判断有误。‎ ‎(二)现在进行时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(镇江)-Where’s your mother, Helen?‎ ‎   -She________ the flowers in the garden. ‎ ‎   A. waters         B. watered      C. is watering      D. has watered ‎   答案:C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿,可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。‎ ‎  2.(孝感)-Hurry up! It’s time to leave.  -OK, ________.‎ ‎   A. I’m coming   B. I’ll come     C. I’ve come        D. I come ‎   答案:A。I’m coming “我就来”。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。‎ ‎  3.(泸州)-Shall we invite Tom to play football now?‎ ‎    -Oh, no. He         his clothes. ‎ ‎   A. is washing     B. washes         C. has washed        D. washed ‎  答案:A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球,但另外一个人说不行,显然,他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ ‎ 现在进行时容易出现的错误:‎ ‎1. 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错。动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。 2. 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词。现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。‎ ‎3. 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing。‎ ‎(三) 一般过去时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(徐州)- I’m sorry you have missed the bus. It_________ five minutes ago.‎ ‎ - What a pity! ‎ ‎  A. was leaving     B. has left       C. left            D. leaves ‎  答案:C。根据five minutes ago可知是指过去的事情,且表示的是结果,用一般过去时。‎ ‎2.(绍兴)-Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.‎ ‎ -My watch!Thank you. Where____    it? ‎ ‎  A. do you find        B. have you found   C. did you find     D. were you finding ‎ 答案:C。“发现”的动作为过去的事情,表示过去的结果,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ ‎  一般过去时容易出现的错误:1. 把动词变成过去式易出错。我们可以记住下面的口诀:“动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只须直接加-ed.”   2. 忘记把动词变成过去式。‎ ‎(四)过去进行时    ‎ ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(南通) -I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.‎ ‎ - Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket. ‎ ‎   A. have done          B. did            C. were doing       D. are doing ‎   答案:C。根据对话,可知在对方到他们家时,他们当时正在超市购物。‎ ‎2.(扬州)-What do you think of the color of my new dress?‎ ‎ -Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. ‎ ‎  A. think              B. thought        C. am thinking     D. was thinking 答案:D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么,可知对方说话时,此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时,另外一个动作正在进行。‎ ‎3.(南京)I          my homework while my parents          TV last night. ‎ ‎  A. did; have watched                   B. was doing; were watching ‎  C. had done; were watching            D. would do; were watching 答案:B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词,而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作,所以都用过去进行时。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ 过去进行时常出现的错误:‎ ‎1.易把be+现在分词记成be+过去分词,过去进行时与现在进行时结构上的区别体现在be动词上。‎ ‎2. 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词,现在进行时中“be+现在分词,缺一不可”的规律也可应用于过去进行时。‎ ‎3. 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing。‎ ‎4.易与现在进行时弄混。这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行,但现在进行时前提是现在,而过去进行时前提是过去。‎ ‎5、易与一般过去时弄混。这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行,而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示的动作往往已经完成。‎ ‎(五)现在完成时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(南京)-Hello, this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?‎ ‎ -Sorry.He______ the Xuanwu‎ Lake ‎Park. ‎ ‎  A. has been to           B. went to       C. has gone to     D. will go to ‎ 答案:C。说话者此时不在,说明此时已去了玄武湖公园,用现在完成时表示到目前为止还在持续的动作。has been to表示已去过某个地方,而现在不在那个地方了。‎ ‎2.(北京)-Would you like to see the film with me?‎ ‎ -I’m sorry I __________it twice. ‎ ‎  A. see          B. will see   C. have seen    D. am seeing ‎  答案:C。从twice可知说话者已看过这部电影两次了。表示到目前的结果,用现在完成时。‎ ‎3. (天津)In the past few years there       great changes in my hometown. ‎ ‎  A. have been            B. were        C. had been       D. are ‎  答案:A。during/in the last/past +一段时间为现在完成时的时间状语。‎ ‎4. (南京)-Kitty, will you go to see the film -Cold Mountain this evening?‎ ‎   -No, I won’t. I          it already. ‎ ‎   A. saw       B. have seen     C. see    D. will see ‎  答案:B。现在完成时表示过去的行为对现在造成影响。不去看电影是因为已看过了。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ 做题时常见错误如下:1. 易丢掉have/has, have/has 为助动词,起构成时态的作用,是不能省略的;2. have与has易用混。现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化,当单三人称作主语时用 has, 一般人称作主语时用have.;   3.延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错。在肯定句中,与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词,不能是短暂性动词,但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。‎ ‎(六)过去完成时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1. (扬州)-Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?‎ ‎-No. When I got to school, he_______ already. ‎ ‎  A. left    B. has left   C. was leaving   D. had left ‎  答案:D。到达学校为过去的动作,在这个行为发生之前陈老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。‎ ‎2. 动词填空:By ten yesterday evening, she ________(finish)writing.‎ 答案: had finished.出现by+过去的时间,用过去完成时。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ 过去完成时在应用时常出现三个错误:‎ ‎1. had形式易写错;2. 易与现在完成时弄混。现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果.而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果;‎ ‎3.易与一般过去时弄混。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别,即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”,两动作中先发生的是过去完成时,后发生的则只用一般过去时。‎ ‎(七)一般将来时 ‎【例题解析】‎ ‎1.(盐城)-Ann is in hospital.‎ ‎-Yes, I know. I________ her tomorrow. ‎ ‎  A. visit          B. used to visit     C. will visit     D. am going to visit ‎  答案:D。从Yes, I know.可知对方事先已知道Ann生病的消息,已有了去看望她的计划和打算。be going to do表示计划打算做某事。‎ ‎2.(北京)Mr. Smith__________ a talk on country music next Monday. ‎ ‎  A. give   B. gave   C. has given  D. will give ‎  答案:D。next Monday为一般将来时的时间状语。‎ ‎3. (泰州)-You’ve left the light on.‎ ‎  -Oh, sorry._______and turn it off.‎ ‎  A. I’ve gone      B. I’11 go        C. I went         D. I’m going ‎  答案:B。经人提醒才知道,应为临时决定要去做某事,用一般将来时。‎ ‎4. (浙江)-Joan, you are late!  -Sorry, I ______ next time. ‎ ‎  A. don’t    B. won’t     C. am not      D. haven’t ‎ 答案:B。next time是将来的时间状语。表示以后不会再迟到了,用一般将来时。‎ ‎【易错知识点解析】‎ ‎1. 易忽视动词用原形形式2. be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚。 “be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事,还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事;而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。在单纯预测未来时,二者可以互换。‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ I.‎‎ 单项选择。‎ ‎1.  I’m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.‎ ‎   A. pay   B. get   C. take  D. spend ‎2. -Listen Helen is singing in the next room.‎ ‎-It _________ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.‎ ‎   A. can’t  B. mustn’t  C. may  D. should ‎3. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.‎ ‎ -Oh, I am sorry I _________ dinner at my friend’s house.‎ ‎   A. have   B. had   C. was having   D. have had ‎4.-How long have you _______ the MP4?‎ ‎  -For about two weeks.‎ ‎  A. bought   B. had   C. borrowed   D. lent ‎5. If you _______ him tomorrow, please ask him if he_______ to work on the farm with us.‎ ‎  A. see; goes         B. will see; goes    C. will see; will go     D. see; will go II. 用括号中单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1.-When will you come to see me, Dad?‎ ‎-I will go to see you when you ________ (finish)the training course.‎ ‎2.-I won’t go to bed until the TV play (be)over.‎ ‎-You’d better not do that.‎ ‎3. -When______ you_______ (buy)the e-dictionary? ‎ ‎  -Last month.‎ ‎4.- Is that Mr. Lu speaking?‎ ‎ -Sorry, he isn’t in. He  (go)abroad on business.‎ ‎5. -I knocked into a tree when I went to the railway station to meet my friend.‎ ‎ -I suppose you________(drive) too fast.‎ ‎6. Henry speaks Chinese very well. He (stay) in China since ten years ago.‎ ‎7. -When are you leaving?‎ ‎  -My plane__________(take)off at 10:30.‎ ‎  A. takes off           B. took off          C. has taken off    D. will take off ‎8. Listen! Some of the girls ________ (talk)about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.‎ ‎9. I  (learn)1000 English words by the end of last term.‎ ‎10. My mother was cooking breakfast while I ______ (wash)my face this morning.‎ III. 根据短文意思,用所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ It was Sunday and we were sitting at the table when father suddenly smiled and 1 (say) to us, “ Oh, dear me, I 2 (forget)to tell you the good news. There is a letter from Granny. She is coming to see us this afternoon. I 3 (meet) her at the station,” with these words he went out.‎ How happy we 4 (be)! We 5 (not see) Granny for half a year and missed her very much. After lunch my mother and I went shopping. We 6 (buy) a lot of food that Granny ‎ liked. My sister cleaned the house.‎ ‎ It was four o’clock when we 7 (finish) and we sat around the table, waiting for Granny. At last the door 8 (open) and in came my father alone. “Where is Granny? “ We asked. Father 9 (laugh)and said, “ April Fools !” “Today 10 (be) April 1st. April Fool’s Day.”‎ 第九章 I.‎‎ 1-5 DACBD II. 1. finish       2. is 3. did, buy 4. has gone 5. were driving ‎ ‎6. has stayed 7. will take 8. are talking 9. had learned 10. was washing ‎ III. 1. said 2. forgot 3. will/ shall/ am going to meet 4. were 5. hadn’t seen ‎6. bought 7.finished, 8. opened, 9. laughed, 10. is ‎
查看更多

相关文章

您可能关注的文档