【英语】2019届二轮复习语法填空解题指导教案（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法填空解题指导教案（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法填空解题指导教案 第一、二课时 一、学情分析 语法填空题是2014年首次出现在全国卷中的新题型，用以替换之前的单项选择题，相比较而言，增加了学生的考试难度，提高了高考的出题水平。对于基础交叉的学生来说，有必要对该部分知识点及应试技能进行系统的讲解和复习，以便学生能够从根本上把握该部分题的解题思路和应对措施。从学生的实际出发，他们从心理上对语法填空题是排斥的，因此，想要提高学生的学习兴趣，必须先让学生感受到语法填空题的易解性，从而树立攻破该题的自信心，要让学生自己体会语法填空由难变简的过程。‎ 二、题型简介 ‎ 语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。这一题型的测试是根据德国心理学家的格式塔心理学原理和英语语言学家布朗的语篇分析理论等，从语法的句子结构与语法形式、词汇的本义和转义以及前后缀的变化、语境语篇的线索以及标志词等方面测试学生的整体语篇能力。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。‎ ‎ 2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的《考试说明》宣布从2014年开始，课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。‎ 三、 教学目标 1. 知识与技能 A． 让学生熟知语法填空题的出题方式；‎ B． 让学生掌握语法填空题的解题思路；‎ C． 提高语法填空题的命中率。‎ ‎2. 过程与方法 A． 演示法 B． 自主学习法 C． 合作交流法 D． 启发式教学法 ‎3. 情感态度与价值观 A． 树立学生的学习兴趣；‎ B． 培养学生的时间观念，合理安排可利用的时间；‎ C． 让学生体验学习的乐趣和成功的喜悦。‎ 四、 教学重、难点 1. 语法填空题的题型设置和应对措施；‎ 2. 语法填空题的解题步骤；‎ 教学步骤：‎ Before class：先学任务&Warming up:（2016年全国III卷）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.‎ ‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.‎ Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.‎ References:41.and 42.be made 43.to create 44.using 45.as/when 46.gradually 47.who 48.development 49.were 50.with During class：‎ Step1: 解题步骤 ‎1）通读全文，搞清文章大意，弄清主题、时态。 2）依照语义、语法，参考常考知识点，进行填空。注意：时态、语态、性、数、格问题。 3）通读全文，复查验证。‎ Step2: 知识点准备 1） 定语从句的引导词：‎ 复习重点： 关系代词：which, that, who, whose, as;（注意as 引导的定语从句“such ... as、the same ... as”）‎ 关系副词: when, where, why;‎ 非限制性定语从句引导词：which, as;‎ 介词+关系代词：介词+which ‎ ‎2）状语从句： 时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。 复习重点： ①时间状语从句，尤其是 as，since，while，when，before，until 等连接词； ②when/where 引导的状语从句； ③让步状语从句的倒装；as和though引导的让步状语从句可将表语提前； ④非谓语动词：现在分词（表主动和进行），过去分词（表被动和完成），动词不定式（表将来和目的）； 3）名词性从句： 名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。 复习重点： ①从属连词whether，if 和 that 的用法（whether和or not连用，that没有意义，不充当成分）； ②连接代词和连接副词的选择 4）时态、语态： 现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查。 复习重点： ①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别 ②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 ③一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 ④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别 ⑤“系动词+过去分词”的用法，如：get lost；remain unknown 等形式的用法 ⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法 5）其他： 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构等。 复习重点： ①it 作形式主语、形式宾语； ②there be 句型； ③it is/was+被强调部分+that/who强调句型； ④情态动词用法； ⑤主谓一致和时态语态的结合 Step3：语法填空题的出题方式 1. 给出提示词的语法填空：‎ 考查：‎ ‎1）名词（单、复、所有格）‎ ‎2）动词（时态—语态—数；doing-done-to do）‎ ‎3）形容词、副词（原级、比较级、最高级、转换）‎ ‎4）代词（性、数、格）‎ ‎5）词类转换(名—形—副—动）‎ 2. 未给提示词的语法填空。‎ 考查：冠、代、介、连、及一些副词（多为固定搭配）。‎ ‎3.解题关键：‎ ‎1）把握大意；‎ ‎2）找关键词（1.看横线前后词；2.找出句中主语、谓语、连词）；‎ ‎4. 原则 既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！‎ Step4：语法填空题解题技巧 一、 给提示词的语法填空题 1. 考查名词（n.）‎ 技巧：注意名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例如：‎ There are many students living at school, the__________(child) houses are all far from schoo1．‎ 解析：由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。 ‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1） Do you know how many _______(novel) are there on the shelf?‎ ‎2） In face of various _______(nature) disasters, what can we do to survive?‎ ‎3） He had a toothache, so he went to the ______(dentist).‎ References：1.novels 2.natural 3.dentist's 2. 考查动词（v.）‎ 技巧：注意动词形式的变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(to do, doing, done)。例如：‎ A talk_______________(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．‎ 解析：句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1) Asking about one's income ____________(view) impolite.‎ ‎2) Over time, many changes __________________(take place) in our country.‎ ‎3) The teacher entered the lab, ________(follow) by some students.‎ ‎4) Some students entered the lab, ___________(follow) the teacher.‎ ‎5) His words encouraged me to work harder _______________(achieve) my goal.‎ References：1.is viewed 2.have taken place 3.followed 4.following 5.to achieve 3. 考查形容词（adj.）、副词（adv.）‎ 技巧：‎ 1） 形容词变为副词、副词变为形容词；‎ 2） 形容词变成其比较级或最高级（构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the）；‎ 1） 形容词变成其相反意义的adj. 或adv.，例如：‎ I am________________(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class． 解析：此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。‎ Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very____________(happiness)．‎ 解析：在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知happiness的词根是happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1) After retirement, the old man lived in the countryside ___________(peaceful).‎ ‎2) Compared with those children living in the countryside, we are ________(happy).‎ ‎3) He is the athlete who jumps _______(far) in the world.‎ ‎4) He was ________(able) to finish this job by himself, so please help him.‎ ‎5) Many other actors are _______ (badly) off than me at present,…‎ References: 1.peacefully 2.happier 3.farthest 4.unable 5.worse 4. 考查代词（pron.）‎ 技巧：注意代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。例如：‎ The king decided to see the painter by_____________(he)．‎ 解析：由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1）Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______ （it）spoken. ‎ ‎2）I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax __________(I). ‎ References：1.it 2.myself ‎5. 考查词性转换  技巧：注意1）名词与形容词相互转换；2）形容词副词的相互转换；3）动词与名词的相互转换；括号内给出单词的其他形式，通过分析句子结构，判断句子缺少什么成分（修饰什么词），再用正确的单词形式补充完整，该空同时考查同学们的单词拼写能力。例如：‎ We must notice the ___________(important) of protecting the environment.‎ 解析：所给词的词性为形容词，但横线前面有一个冠词the，所以该用imortant的名词形式，形容词转换为名词，用importance.‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1）But a recent study saw things quite _________ (different). ‎ ‎2）The order in which they finished would decide the order of their ____________ (appear) in the Chinese calendar.‎ ‎3）…, so I’m very careful not to give out my __________(person) information.‎ References： 1.differently 2.appearance 3.personal 二、 未给提示词的语法填空题 此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。‎ 1. 考查冠词（art.）‎ ‎1) 如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a, an);‎ ‎2) 如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。例如：‎ Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．‎ 解析：这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。 当堂导练：‎ ‎1) They both are trying their best to realize _______same dream―entering the key university.‎ ‎2) Reciting more texts is ___useful way to broaden your vocabulary.‎ References: the; a 2. 考查介词或副词 常用的介词有in，at，on，of，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但考查得较少。例如：‎ Just then, he saw a blackboard in_____ of him．‎ 解析：细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。‎ The US consists ____fifty states． 解析：根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是of。 当堂导练：‎ 1） Old Tom’s grand-daughter used to visit him _____ Saturday afternoons． 2）Though Liu Qiang did the same work ____ Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay ______ Zhang  Wen． ‎ ‎3）Television is now playing a very important role ______ our life.‎ ‎4）It was in this very room that I gave birth ______ Linda seventeen years ago. ‎ References：1）on 2) as;than 3) however 4）in 5) to 3. 考查连词、副词、关联短语 常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等；常用的关联短语有both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also等。‎ 表示并列：and, or等；‎ 表示因果：so, for, therefore, thus等；‎ 表示递进:further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等; ‎ 表示转折: but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, 等。 ‎ 例如：‎ Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too ‎ poor． 解析：此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。 ____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre． 解析：横线处的词与后面可以构成both…and，故答案为Both。‎ It was only one day left , _____ ，his father had no idea to answer him． 解析：观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。 当堂导练：‎ 1) I asked my classmates about her interest ______ then I made my final decision. ‎ 2) If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, _________, often gets special treatment. ‎ References: and; however ‎4. 考查it、从句引导词 (what、that、who、which、when、where等)‎ I like _____ when my parents are friendly to me. ‎ 解析：it在句子中充当形式宾语，指代后面的整个when 引导的宾语从句。‎ He did not do_____his father had asked him to do． 解析：审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。 Those_____want to go to the village must sign here． 解析：经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。‎ 当堂导练：‎ ‎1）One day, he came up with an idea ________ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. ‎ ‎2）Some people say that oldest children, _____ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely to succeed. ‎ ‎3）I admired the painting, and Ted said he would like me to have ______ as a gift from him.‎ ‎4）________ he wants is a bicycle.‎ References：1.that 2.who 3.it 4. What ‎ 5. 考查固定搭配 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例如： The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy． 解析：从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。 His boss was____angry as to fire him．‎ 解析：如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so…as to…，所以so是正解。‎ 当堂导练：‎ 1） Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for a leave to take_____of her．‎ 2） I've never heard ________ stories as he told.‎ 3） Mr Smith took a plane to London ____ of taking a train． References: 1.care 2.such 3.instead Step5: 巩固练习 ‎ People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ (language) in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.‎ ‎ The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. ‎ References:1. living 2. languages 3. or 4. all 5. Before 6. bigger 7. written 8. a 9. up 10. most ‎ After class:‎ Step6: 自辅落实 Exercise1: ‎ ‎ When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. ‎ ‎ When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. _____6____ (have) a look first, or you will go ____7____ wrong way. ‎ In many English cities, there are big buses ____8_____ two floors. You can sit on the ______9____ (two) floor. From ____10_____ you can see the city very well. It’s very interesting. ‎ Key:1.because 2.and 3.work 4.dangerous 5.too 6.Have 7.the 8.with 9.second 10.there ‎ Exercise2:‎ Once there lived a rich man   31   wanted to do something for the people of his town.   32   first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help.‎ ‎ In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed   33   very large stone. Then he   34  (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.‎ ‎ “Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way.   35   man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove   36  . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone,   37   (say) to himself: “The night   38   (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”                 ‎ Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his   39   (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last!   40   the stone, he found a bag of money.‎ References：31. who  32.  But  33. a  34. hid  35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength  40. Under Step7:课后反思