【英语】2018届二轮复习巧用对比法，甄别实义系动词学案（4页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习巧用对比法，甄别实义系动词学案（4页）

‎2018届二轮复习 巧用对比法，甄别实义系动词 ‎   ‎ ‎  在英语中，系动词大致可作以下的分类：‎ 状态联系动词 be; 表象系动词 look,appear,seem;感官系动词 look,feel,smell,sound,taste;持续系动词 keep, remain,stay, continue,stand,rest,lie,last 变化系动词become,get,turn,grow,come,go Fall,run 终止系动词prove,turn out。‎ 需要注意的是，在上述的系动词中，有相当一部分既是系动词，又可以充当实义动词。‎ 那么，在既可以充当系动词，也可以充当实义动词的动词后，该接何种词性呢？‎ 这是很多中等成绩考生的困惑之处。我们都知道，表示状态时，系动词后往往是接形容词而非副词充当其表语（当然也有例外）。‎ 遇到这种情况，只能先根据其句意判断清楚到底该动词在此是系动词抑或是实义动词，然后再对后面所接的单词的词性和词义作出正确的判断和选择。譬如：‎ The newly-invented drink tastes quite unique. 这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺奇特的。‎ The guests are tasting the dishes enjoyably.客人们正饶毅趣味地品尝着菜肴。‎ 在第一句中，taste是系动词，“尝起来”，后接形容词unique充当其表语，而在第二句中，taste则成了实意动词，“品尝”，须用副词enjoyably来修饰它。‎ 笔者就该部分特殊的动词（既是系动词，也是实义动词的词）编造了一些例句，供考生学习参考：‎ ‎1. When it was her turn, she appeared on the stage, appearing a bit nervous.‎ ‎2. Every time my dad looks at the old photos, he looks excited.‎ ‎3. The cook tasted the soup, saying it tasted delicious.‎ ‎4. The girl smelled the fresh flowers which smelled sweet.‎ ‎5. Please keep waiting outside and keep quiet at the same time.‎ ‎6. Bob always stayed positive no matter what challenges and hardship he was faced with when he stayed in America five years ago.‎ ‎7. Remain where you are until the police arrive. Whatever happens, remain calm.‎ ‎8. The truck driver was just about to turn around when he found the traffic light was turning red.‎ ‎9. As he grew old, he was fond of growing a variety of flowers in his garden.‎ ‎10. If you go to Africa, you’ll find a large number of poor children there going hungry.‎ ‎11. His sister has got much slimmer ever since she got here and got married five years ago.‎ ‎12. My deskmate fell ill last month and it was not long before he fell behind other students.‎ ‎13. Her wish that her novel will come out one day has recently come true.‎ ‎14. My uncle had intended to run a business, but he soon found his money was running short.‎ ‎15. The old man lay in bed, lying awake, lost in thought.‎ ‎16. The police tried different means to prove that she was guilty, but she proved innocent eventually.‎ ‎17. Stand up and stand still, or I’ll shoot.‎ ‎18. At first, I felt that she was cheating me, but later I felt relaxed when I knew the truth.‎ ‎ ‎ 为了让考生进一步甄别系动词和实义动词，以便他们在解题时避开陷阱，以及在写作运用中恰当运用，笔者特意编了相应的巩固练习，请考生完成。‎ 一、短语翻译 二、语法填空 ‎1. Lucy appeared ____________ (abrupt), appearing ____________ (delight).‎ ‎2. Please remain ____________ (seat) until the bus comes to a complete stop.‎ ‎3. The kids are growing ____________ (health). They look so well and strong.‎ ‎4. He fell off the ladder and fell onto the floor ____________ (conscious). He lay on the floor and it seemed as if he had fallen asleep.‎ ‎5. When in danger, remember to keep ____________ (shout) at the top of your voice for help rather than keep ____________ (silence).‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 一、短语翻译 ‎1.look relaxed       2. feel hungry        3. smell sweet ‎4. keep / stay / remain calm    5. prove innocence   6. prove wrong / turn out false ‎7. fall ill            8. fall off            9. come down / get down ‎10. come true        11. get married       12. come back / get back ‎13. go to work       14. Go bad           15. go mad / go crazy ‎16. Grow up         17. grow old / get old / turn old     18. keep / remain silent ‎19. keep a diary      20. sound perfect      21. stay / lie in bed ‎22. lie in ruins       ‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1.abruptly; delighted。前者修饰实意动词appear“出现”，用副词形式；后者充当系动词appear“显得”的表语，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎2.seated。因为remain“保持”是系动词，后面用过去分词seated“坐着的”充当表语表示状态。‎ ‎3.healthily。此处grow“生长”是实意动词，须用health的副词形式来修饰它。‎ ‎4.unconscious。该空所填词是充当主语补足语，用以说明主语当时的状态，故用形容词而并非副词形式。注意：本空学生易误填unconsciously，以为用它来修饰动词fell。‎ ‎5.shouting; silent。第一空，keep doing“持续/不停地做某事”，keep是实意动词；第二空，keep“保持”，是系动词，其后接形容词充当表语。‎