【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十（21页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十（21页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题议论文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十 ‎[一]‎ Have you ever felt like you are not given the kind of respect you deserve？In one way or another，all of us have felt this way. We’ve yearned(渴望) to be looked at as an authority，someone people look up to and trust. We’re not taught in school how to do this and our parents didn’t tell us the secret on how to establish our authority. It’s something we learn and gain by ourselves. And the answer is as simple as changing our mindset. What？No way！Oh but it is.People tend to underestimate the power of the mind. Change your game by changing your mind.‎ Take time to look back and think about people in your life who is an authority or a leader at work，who has more credibility(可信度) than you or who you look up to and inspires you. They are up there not for the reasons you think. If you really think about it，they aren’t the smartest of the bunch，not the most educated，and neither are they the best. And in no way do they even call themselves an expert. Instead，they are up there because they are great teachers and advocates(支持者) for the success of their customers or employees.‎ Let’s take Richard Simmons for example. This famous fitness personality has been a household name ever since he started gaining popularity during the first few years of his career. Stop and think，though，do you really think he is the best person to really get people into shape？Is he the Einstein of fitness and nutrition？Or does he even call himself a master of his craft？Of course not. People look up to him and give him authority because he is a great educator. Instead of sharing information that’s far too complicated to understand，he figures out what your problems are and finds out a way to fix them. He even has social media that he updates on a regular basis with topics that are helpful and easy to understand for his fans and followers.‎ Depending on the field you’re in，you can share with people things you know and that you think they will want to know as well. If you’re a nurse，for example，you can make a blog post for common health problems and quick remedies(治疗方法) people can do at home. Remember，the simpler you can make it，the better. People will trust you completely if you give them easy solutions. Like Richard，you’ll soon be the expert you’ll want to listen to. You can be an advocate also by showing people that you have their best interests at heart. You can also start up conferences to take up people’s concerns and try to deal with them the best way that you can.‎ So，how will you be viewed as an authority？Make that mind shift. Find out what concerns and troubles your target. Give solutions. Show that you care. And help them climb up that ladder of success. Ladies and gentlemen，that’s how it’s done.‎ 语篇解读　本文讨论的是：你是否曾经觉得自己没有得到应有的尊重？你是否想成为别人敬仰的对象？并就此问题给出了建议。‎ ‎21．What can we know about Richard Simmons?‎ A．He is as intelligent as Einstein.‎ B．He believed himself to be a master of fitness.‎ C．He became popular in the first few years of his career.‎ D．He shares complex information with his fans and followers.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“This famous fitness personality has been a household name ever since he started gaining popularity during the first few years of his career.”可知Richard Simmons在事业的头几年就很受欢迎。故选C。‎ ‎22．The example of a nurse in Paragraph 4 is used to tell us .‎ A．the importance of trust B．the pleasure of being a nurse C．the ways of becoming an authority D．the benefits of learning first aid 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二至四句可知作者通过一个护士的例子告诉我们成为一个权威者的方法。故选C。‎ ‎23．Which of the following would the author most probably agree with?‎ A．People always think highly of the power of the mind.‎ B．You can gain the knowledge of becoming an authority at school.‎ C．People considered as authorities are those with higher education.‎ D．Providing easy solutions for people can help increase your credibility.‎ 答案D 解析推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Remember，the simpler you can make it，the better. People will trust you completely if you give them easy solutions.”可知为人们提供简单的解决方案，可以帮助提高你的可信度。故选D。‎ ‎24．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？(P＝paragraph)‎ 答案　C 解析　篇章结构题。根据第一段“Have you ever felt like you are not given the kind of respect you deserve？”可知第一段提出问题；第二段紧接上段进一步展开话题；接下来第三、四段举例说明；最后一段对全文进行概括总结。由此可知答案为C。‎ ‎[二]‎ If you’ve often been told that you need to build up your selfconfidence, but didn’t know exactly how, the following is a guide that will help you get there.‎ Understand your weak points. Everyone has weaknesses. Once you discover your weaknesses, work to overcome them. If, for example, you are a shy person, attend a social event and force yourself to speak to at least one or two people first. You’ll discover that others appreciate your friendliness, and your nervousness will slowly disappear. ‎ ‎ Spend time with positive people. People influence our lives. Spend time with successful, confident people at school and work. Please observe their behavior, their verbal and nonverbal language, and their ways of handling difficult situations. Remember, even these people have had to deal with a lack of confidence at one time or another. ‎ Set personal goals for yourself. If you have a fear you need to overcome, challenge yourself to face that fear head on. Set goals for yourself. With each goal you meet, your selfconfidence will increase. If you’re afraid of trying new things because you might “fail”， give yourself a chance. ‎ Greet each day with a sense of opportunity. Start your mornings by reading something inspirational. Think positively about yourself, and greet each day with enthusiasm and a renewed energy for living. ‎ Don’t fear refusal. All of us have experienced and will continue to experience refusal in our lives. Try not to take refusal personally. Sometimes constructive criticism can be perceived as a form of rejection to a personal suffering from low selfesteem. Remind yourself that you are an excellent person and that you are not afraid to take risks.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文介绍了怎样让一个不善于交际的人成为一个自信的人的几种方法。‎ ‎4. If you’re afraid to communicate with people, you should________．‎ A．understand your weak points B．spend time with talkable people C．attend social events and speak to people D．have others appreciate your friendliness C解析：细节理解题。从第二段的第四句“If, for example, you are a shy person, attend a social event and force yourself to speak to at least one or two people first.”可以得知正确答案为C。‎ ‎5．Why should a shy person stay with positive people?‎ A．Because they can give you selfconfidence.‎ B．Because you can be influenced by their activities.‎ C．Because they can help you know more successful people. ‎ D．Because you can be encouraged by their words.‎ B解析：细节理解题。从第三段的第二句“People influence our lives.”可以看出不爱交际的人应该多和积极主动的人接触，因为你会被你周围的人所影响。‎ ‎6．From the passage we can learn ________．‎ A．positive people are always selfconfident ‎ B．selfconfidence can’t be gained easily C．a faraway goal can be helpful to a person’s selfconfidence D．cheerful mood can bring people opportunity B解析：推理判断题。从全文的内容可以看出B项是正确的；从第三段的最后一句话可以看出A项不正确；从第四段可以得知C项不正确；从第五段可以判断出D项不正确。‎ ‎7．What’s the best title of this passage?‎ A．Why People Want to Develop Selfconfidence ‎ B．Tips to Develop Selfconfidence ‎ C．How to Overcome One’s Weaknesses?‎ D．How to Challenge Yourself to Face Fear? ‎ B解析：标题归纳题。从第一段可以看出本文讲的是：怎样培养自己的自信心。‎ ‎[三]‎ A survey has suggested that traditional hobbies are increasingly being banned at break times in primary schools. Number one on the list is chasing game British Bulldog, followed by leapfrog and conkers.‎ Despite its name, British Bulldog is a game that does not involve animals, and is played all over the world in a number of variations. In its basic form it involves runners trying to get to the other side of the playground without being caught by the chaser, the “bulldog”. If caught, they become a bulldog too, until there is only one person left: the winner of the game.‎ ‎“Conkers” is a game that was invented in England. The players bring their own “conker”：a horse chestnut (七叶树果) attached to a thick piece of string that goes through the middle of the nut and is knotted (打结) underneath. Players pair up, hold the string and try to hit the other person’s conker by swinging their hand back and forth. They take this in turns until one of the conkers is destroyed.‎ It will come as no surprise that people have had accidents resulting in a broken arm or leg while playing British Bulldog. It is also not difficult to imagine that many conker players manage to hit the other players’ hand rather than their conker.‎ There is also evidence that some schools ban other games like duck－duck－goose and skipping. The main reason for forbidding these games is again fear of injury. Sometimes the reasons are strange and perhaps not actually true. For example, conkers might be a problem for children with nut allergies.‎ Sporting activities are also becoming rarer on the playground，often because there is a lack of staff available to watch them over. Apart from banning these, there are also more original solutions，such as allowing students to play touch rugby only—a form of rugby where tackles (阻截) are not allowed, and playing rugby with a soft ball rather than the traditional leather one. Having said that, these activities are often not attractive to the kids, and this may discourage them from playing at all.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是议论文。出于安全考虑，越来越多的儿童游戏在操场上被禁止。‎ ‎32. The winner of British Bulldog is the child who________.‎ A.is not discovered by chasers B. catches the most bulldogs C.is not caught by bulldogs D. runs most like a bulldog 答案C[细节理解题。由第二段可知，英国斗牛犬游戏的胜利者是没有被“斗牛犬”捉到的儿童。]‎ ‎33. Which of the following shows the conker?‎ 答案A[细节理解题。由第三段中的a horse chestnut attached to a thick piece of string that goes through the middle of the nut and is knotted underneath可知。]‎ ‎34. How does the author look at the belief that conkers may cause allergies?‎ A. Curiously. B. Cautiously.‎ C. Positively. D. Doubtfully.‎ 答案D[推理判断题。由第五段中的Sometimes the reasons are strange and perhaps not actually true. For example...可推断，作者对这种认识表示怀疑。]‎ ‎35. We can know from the text that touch rugby________.‎ A. uses traditional leather balls B.is unpopular among children C. causes more dangerous tackles D.is forbidden on the playground 答案B[细节理解题。由最后一段中的these activities are often not attractive to the kids可知，轻触式橄榄球不太受孩子们欢迎。]‎ ‎[四]‎ Walking is good for you. It’s good for your heart, for your lungs, for the muscle and bone growth of your children. Strong scientific evidence now supports the many benefits to health of regular walking.‎ Walking is connected with reduced death rates for both older and younger adults. In other words, walkers live longer!‎ In particular, walking has a great effect on cardiovascular disease(心血管病).Fit and active people have around half the risk of cardiovascular disease compared to unfit inactive people.‎ Even 10－minute walks can increase fitness. One study at Loughbrough University found that women walking continuously for 30 minutes 5 days a week had almost the same increases in fitness as women who divide their 30 minutes into three 10－minute walks.‎ The majority of studies of young people indicate falling participation in physical activity. Only half of 11－16－year－olds currently walk for ten minutes a day. Children in Britain walk 50 miles a year less than they did a decade ago. Around 20% of children can be classed as overweight.TV, computers, cultural changes and fears ‎ for children’s safety out of doors play a large part.‎ Walking offers a great way to help kids get the active habit. If parents express excitement about the prospect of a walk in the countryside, they are more likely to pass this feeling to their children. It’s important to treat the walk as an exploration or adventure and to go at the child’s pace, no matter how often they want to stop and look at things; take treats to eat and plenty to drink; and head for some landmark that will attract them such as a castle, a playground, an ice cream car or a boating pond. If children experience walking as part of a fun activity they are more likely to want to go again.‎ ‎【语篇解读】走路对人很有好处，这一点众所周知。但到底走路对我们有哪些好处，可能很多人并不太了解吧。‎ ‎32. The best title for this passage is ________.‎ A. Walking for Weight Control of Women B. Walking Plays an Important Part in Health C. Walking for Children’s Mental Health ‎ D. Walking to Regain Health after Illness 答案B[主旨大意题。本文从几个方面说明了步行对人们健康的重要性，故B项可作文章的标题。A项只是步行好处的一个方面，不能涵盖文章所有的内容；C项和D项文章没有直接说明。]‎ ‎33. We know from the passage that regular walking ________.‎ A. can make people live longer and healthy B. has nothing to do with cardiovascular disease C. increases fitness only if you walk as fast as you can D. will help you put on much weight in a short time 答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段可知选项A正确。]‎ ‎34. Why do young people walk less nowadays than before?‎ A. Because they have more homework to do.‎ B. Because they want to learn more knowledge on TV.‎ C. Because their parents worry about their safety.‎ D. Because they have fitness equipment at home.‎ 答案C[细节理解题。由第五段最后一句可知答案。]‎ ‎35. In the last paragraph the author suggests that ________.‎ A. children should be led by parents when they play out of doors B. parents should help their children form a habit of walking C. parents should not care about their children too much D. children should do more explorative and adventure activities ‎ 答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可以知道，作者对父母应该如何培养孩子养成积极锻炼的习惯提出了一些建议，如：传达给孩子锻炼后的情绪，带他们散步等。]‎ ‎[五]‎ In the past several years, air travel has become less appealing for some travelers. Tighter security regulations mean longer waits. Rising fuel prices can lead to more expensive tickets. Despite (尽管) the inconveniences, air travel still has a number of advantages over car, train and bus travel.‎ For a long distance, air travel is the fastest way to get to your destination, but even on shorter trips planes are much quicker. On a medium－length trip from New York City to Detroit, a flight will take about 41/2 hours (including an hour’s driving to and from the airport and an hour’s waiting in the terminal (终点站) while a car ride will take 91/2 hours, a bus ride almost 15 hours and a train ride about 161/2 hours. Buses, cars and trains only begin to become competitive on extremely short trips such as from NYC to Philadelphia.‎ Plane crashes are tragic events that can result in hundreds of deaths. Fortunately, they are extremely rare. According to Chance News, the odds (可能性) of dying on a 1，000－mile flight are significantly less than those from dying on a 100－mile car ride.Car, bus and train travel are also more dangerous than flying on a plane.‎ The cost of tickets for airplane, bus and train travel can vary greatly. In many cases, however, air travel is the cheapest way. A trip from New York City to Detroit costs $86 by plane. This is comparable to slightly cheaper train tickets ($75) and bus tickets ($80) and cheaper than car travel ($115).On the longer New York City to Los ‎ Angeles trip, the advantages of air travel shine: airplane tickets are more than 30 dollars, less than train tickets, the cheapest alternative.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是议论文，题材为日常生活类。本文作者通过比较的方式，论述了航空旅行的优势。‎ ‎32. Which means of transportation takes the longest time from New York City to Detroit?‎ A. A flight. B. A car ride.‎ C. A bus ride. D. A train ride.‎ 答案D[细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，从纽约到底特律乘火车用时最长，故D项正确。]‎ ‎33. The underlined word “shine” in the last paragraph means“________”.‎ A. are obvious B. cast a shadow C. are unclear D. reflect light 答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线单词语境可知，从纽约到洛杉矶，飞机票比火车票便宜而且花费最低，故shine在这里意为“明显地凸显出来”，所以A项正确。]‎ ‎34.It can be concluded from the text that the author________.‎ A.is worried about the safety of air travel B. prefers traveling by car rather than by bus C.is familiar with the trip between New York City and Detroit D. chooses to travel by train while travelling around the U.S.‎ 答案C[推理判断题。根据文章第二段和最后一段作者比对从纽约到底特律，采用不同交通方式所用时间和花费可推断，作者熟悉这两个城市之间的行程，故C项正确。]‎ ‎35. What’s the best title for the text?‎ A. The Traffic System in America B. The Advantages of Air Travel C. Different Ways of Traveling Around the U.S.‎ D. The Disadvantages of Air, Train and Bus Travel 答案B[主旨大意题。本文作者通过比较的方式，论述了航空旅行的优势，故B项正确。]‎ ‎[六]‎ A new study published in the Journal of Marriage and Family claims that all that time you spend parenting just doesn’t matter. But it’s a claim that, despite the enthusiastic and widespread coverage by the media, does not hold water.‎ The research suggests that child outcomes (including behavior problems, emotional problems, and academic performance) are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children. The researchers examined the time diaries of 1，600 children, looking at parenting time and outcomes when the kids were aged 3 to 11 in 1997，and again in 2002，when they were between 8 and 16.(A time diary is a detailed report of all activities you carry out in a day.)‎ This research largely reflects the failure of the authors to correctly measure parental input (投入).It just looked at time diaries from two particular days—one a weekday and the other a weekend day.‎ Trying to get a sense of the time you spend parenting from a single day’s diary is a bit like trying to measure your income from a single day. If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor. You get a clearer picture only by looking at your income—or your parenting time—over a more meaningful period.‎ What you did yesterday should not be taken as representative of what you did last year. This is why most high－quality studies of parenting time focus instead on how often parents read to their children, play with them or help them with homework over a period of a month or longer—long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting.‎ As an exhausted parent who doesn’t get enough time to work out, and who hasn’t seen a movie for months, I understand why so many of us might seize on studies suggesting that we should take more time for ourselves. Perhaps we should. But I agree with Ariel Kalil, a developmental psychologist, on the suggestion “that when parents spend high－quality time with their children, their children are more ‎ likely to succeed.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是议论文。一项研究表明，父母陪伴孩子时间的长短与孩子的成长关系不大。作者对此表示反对。‎ ‎32. The underlined words “hold water” in the first paragraph probably mean________.‎ A.to be valid B.to be surprising C.to be confusing D.to be usual 答案A[词义猜测题。第一段表明了作者的观点。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段中的This research largely reflects the failure of the authors...可以看出，作者认为这项研究结果并不能“令人信服”。]‎ ‎33. The study was conducted to explore the link between________.‎ A. parenting time and child outcomes B. time diaries and child development C. children’s habits and parents’ influence D. daily activities and children’s problems 答案A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的The research suggests that child outcomes...are barely connected with the time that parents spend with their children可知，这项研究探究了父母陪孩子的时间与孩子成长结果之间的联系。]‎ ‎34. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?‎ A. By giving descriptions. B. By analyzing the cause.‎ C. By making a comparison. D. By offering research findings.‎ 答案C[写作手法题。根据第四段中的Trying to get a sense of the time...is a bit like trying to measure your income...If yesterday was payday, you looked rich, but if it’s not, you would be reported as poor可知，作者用“衡量一个人的收入”打比方，说明了该研究的研究方法是不科学的。]‎ ‎35.The author may agree that high－quality studies of parenting time should________.‎ A.be completed in one month B. adopt some different approaches C. concentrate mainly on learning time D.be based on data of a longer time period 答案D[细节理解题。根据第五段中的This is why most high－quality studies of parenting time focus...over a period of a month or longer—long enough to represent their different approaches to parenting可知，作者认为有关父母陪孩子时间的高质量研究应该建立在较长时间段数据基础之上。]‎ ‎[七]‎ According to a recent investigation, 35% of unemployed Americans ages 25 to 54 believed that they’d been replaced by technology. That is to say, technology threatens traditional work. Is that a bad thing?‎ Many economists associate the middle class’s shrinking partly with the fact that technology is replacing people. Increasingly，there are jobs for people with higher degrees and hands－on laborers like home health care aides, but more and more of what’s in between can be automated. Self－driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods. It is even said that software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create.‎ It’s true that software can do more work than human beings used to do. But historically, technological progress has brought more benefits than losses. If you look at the change from an agrarian (农业的) to an industrial society, that’s certainly true.From 1900 to 2000, the proportion (比例) of people working on farms fell from 41% to 2%, yet agricultural output increased and farmers eventually found jobs in factories.‎ There is a strong argument that the jobs and value technology creates just aren’t being counted properly. People like Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky couldn’t agree more. Founded in 2008 and based in San Francisco, California, Airbnb is a trusted community marketplace for people to list, discover, and book unique accommodations around the world—online or from a mobile phone. His company may have 30 million users and only 1，600 employees, but Chesky says it creates many more “21st century jobs” by helping make extra income for hosts who rent their homes and for local businesses and such service providers as cleaners who benefit from the arrival of vacationers. For New York City alone, Chesky puts the value of ‎ that additional income at $257 million annually, which the company claims supports 6，600 jobs.‎ Facing the new economy, people who are smart and well educated may do better. But what about those who aren’t as well positioned? The obvious answer is for government to provide more help through a reformed educational system, workforce training and a social safety net. Some companies are making big private contributions to educational reform, but more will be needed.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是议论文。有人认为科技的进步造成很多人失业，作者却认为科技带来的利大于弊，并呼吁政府和更多的公司参与到教育改革中，帮人们做好准备应对科技对传统工作的冲击。‎ ‎32.According to Paragraph 2，who are most likely to find a job in the future?‎ A. Deliverers. B. Caregivers.‎ C. Professional drivers. D. Software developers.‎ 答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的Increasingly, there are jobs for...home health care aides...Self－driving cars are coming; mini planes will be operated by radio to deliver goods...software developers themselves might someday be replaced by the very programs they create 可知，无人驾驶技术会使司机失业；遥控投递飞机会使投递员失业；软件开发员可能会被自己开发的程序替代，只有护工需要身体力行，有市场需求。]‎ ‎33. What’s the author’s opinion on technological progress?‎ A. It creates new jobs while replacing people.‎ B. It forces farmers to work in factories.‎ C. It encourages educational reform.‎ D. It leads to huge unemployment.‎ 答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中的technological progress has brought more benefits than losses及随后举的例子可以看出，科技的进步虽然会造成一部分人失业，但最终会带来更大的利，创造更多的工作岗位。]‎ ‎34.The author develops Paragraph 4 mainly by________.‎ A. providing explanations B. making comparisons C. using examples D. telling stories 答案C[写作手法题。作者以Airbnb为例说明科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。故选C项。]‎ ‎35.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?‎ CP：Central Point P：Point Sp：Sub－point(次要点) C：Conclusion 答案A[篇章结构题。作者首先在第一段提出了本文的论点：科技威胁传统工作。第二段支持该论点，认为科技会取代一部分人的工作；第三、四段则反对该论点，认为科技创造的利大于弊并且科技创造的工作和价值往往被低估。面对科技威胁传统工作的形势，作者在最后一段给出了建议：教育改革。故选A项。]‎ ‎[八]‎ In my life I’ve been told that teamwork is golden. There is no “i” in “team”. And for many years it is true. Living alone gets a bad rap (受到责备) in our society. But I’ve found that living alone can be a positive experience.‎ I’m not the first person to notice the appeal of being our own roommate—31 million people are living alone in the U.S., making up 28 percent of the total population, according to a survey. In NYC, the number jumps to 1 in 2.Comparing that number to the 9 percent of people who lived alone in 1950, we know we have a trend on our hands.‎ In my opinion, many people are afraid of being totally alone. But I’ve learned to really enjoy my own company. When I first started living alone, I found that I could go anywhere without using my voice. Sometimes I would stop at a grocery store and buy something I didn’t need just to test that I could say “thank you” to the cashier. ‎ But then I discovered something far easier—I started talking to myself.‎ Living__alone__isn’t__the__same__thing__as__living__lonely. When I’m feeling a need for communication, I reach out for it. Or I can pick up the phone to call my family or those roommates. When the time is right, I hope to live with a partner and even raise children. In the meantime, it’s just me and me.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文是议论文，题材为社会生活类。因害怕孤独，很少有人单独居住。作者通过自己的经历想要告诉读者，独居也是一种享受。‎ ‎32. From the text we know the author________.‎ A. refuses teamwork B. suffers loneliness C.is the first person to value living alone D. experiences living alone positively 答案D[细节理解题。根据文章第一段I’ve found that living alone can be a positive experience可知，作者很享受独居生活。]‎ ‎33. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. The trend in 1950. ‎ B. The appeal of having no roommate.‎ C. The way of being our own roommate.‎ D. The rising number of people living alone.‎ 答案D[根据文章第二段可知，选择单独居住的人的数量在不断增长，故选B。]‎ ‎34. Why did the author sometimes buy what he didn’t need?‎ A. To see whether he could speak. B. To discover something new.‎ C. To show he was wealthy. D. To enjoy others’ company.‎ 答案A[根据文章第三段Sometimes I would stop at a grocery store and buy something I didn’t need just to test that I could say “thank you” to the cashier可知，A项正确。]‎ ‎35. By saying the underlined sentence, the author means________.‎ A. he can tell exactly “alone” from “lonely”‎ B. he feels it necessary to live in a family C. he doesn’t feel lonely though living alone D. he sometimes communicates with others 答案C[根据画线句子语境可知，尽管作者过着独居的生活，但他并不感到孤独，因为必要时，他也会和家人、舍友联系。]‎ ‎[九]‎ Enough “meaningless drivel”. That's the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.‎ The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.‎ ‎“The terms and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone，” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plainEnglish version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.‎ It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “We need to think through how we make that work in practice，” says Miller.‎ Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would，” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.‎ Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social ‎ media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don't know how significant the longterm impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time，” he says.‎ Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don't know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.‎ The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don't expect, even if users have apparently given permission, show that the current situation isn't working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.‎ ‎27．What does the phrase “meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?‎ A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.‎ B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.‎ C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.‎ D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms.‎ ‎28．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether ________.‎ A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business ‎ models ‎29．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because ________.‎ A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future D．it remains unknown how users' data will be taken advantage of ‎30．The writer advises users of social media to ________.‎ A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark D．avoid providing too much personal information ‎31．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?‎ A．Say no to social media?‎ B．New security rules in operation!‎ C．Accept without reading?‎ D．Administration matters!‎ 答案与解析 本文是议论文。鉴于社交媒介公司强迫人们签署毫无意义的合同，作者建议用户在认证标记时应该仔细阅读条款，以免造成数据外泄给自己造成不必要的损失。‎ ‎27．A猜测词义题。根据文章第二段blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts 并结合文章第一段可知此处firms 指social media firms, meaningless drivel 指的是社交媒介公司强迫人们签署的披着合法外衣的毫无意义的无效合同。‎ ‎28．B推理判断题。根据文章第五段We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information 和But what would happen in practice is another matter 可知Nigel Shadbolt怀疑人们是否像他们认为的那样重视认证标记。‎ ‎29．D细节理解题。根据文章第六段Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. 可知D项正确。‎ ‎30．B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知作者建议社交媒介用户应该阅读条款。‎ ‎31．C主旨大意题。鉴于社交媒介公司强迫人们签署毫无意义的合同，作者建议用户在认证标记时应该仔细阅读条款，以免造成数据外泄给自己造成不必要的损失。因此选项C“不阅读条款接受认证吗”为最佳标题。‎ ‎[十]‎ Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.‎ During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're “hot”. That's true. The time of day when you feel the most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as John talks to himself: “Get up, John! You'll be late for work again！” The possible explanation for the ‎ trouble is that John is at his temperatureandenergy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.‎ You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Adjust your cycle to some extent by staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam (打起精神) and work better at your low point.‎ Begin with a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a slow yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do usual work in the afternoon and spend time doing important work for your high peak hours.‎ ‎33．Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?‎ A．A change in a family member's energy cycle. ‎ B．Familiar monologues.‎ C．Unawareness of energy cycles. ‎ D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.‎ ‎34．If one wants to work better at his low point in the morning, he should ________.‎ A．change his energy cycle B．go to bed earlier ‎ C．overcome his laziness ‎ D．get up earlier than usual ‎35．You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.‎ A．help you to control your temper early in the day B．help to keep your energy for the day's work C．enable you to concentrate on your routine work D．keep your energy cycle under control all day 答案与解析 每个人都在因早上起床困难而烦恼，这通常被认为懒惰，但是一位教授证明这是因为人的能力循环，要调节这种状况可以通过改变习惯来调节，保证你工作的时候是你能量的最高峰。‎ ‎33．C推理判断题。根据第二段的结尾可知：当家庭成员了解了彼此的能量周期，就可以避免争吵，那么显然很多争吵都是由于彼此之间没有意识到对方的能量周期而造成的。‎ ‎34．D细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话：如果一个人想在他的能量低潮期工作更有效率，那么他就应该比平常起得早一些。‎ ‎35．B推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句话可推知答案。‎