【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式考点典题讲与练学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习特殊句式考点典题讲与练学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 特殊句式考点典题讲与练 特殊句式在近几年高考题中所占分量居中，各套试题中至少有一道小题考查特殊句式。主要考查倒装句、省略替代、强调句以及感叹句和反意疑问句。‎ 一、倒装 口诀速记：副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“既不……也不”需倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。not only开头句，前一分句需倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。‎ ‎1．全部倒装的情况（5种）‎ ‎(1)there引导的存在句 常见动词有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, remain等 ‎(2)在here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, now, then开头的句子里 ‎ ‎(3)介词短语或方位词组作地点状语位于句首 ‎ ‎①谓语常是表示方位或位移的不及物动词lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise等。②主语是人称代词时，不倒装。如：Here we are. There he comes. ‎ ‎(4)代词such作表语，意为“这样的人，这样的物”，应置于句首 ‎ ‎①Such were the facts.②Such was Albert Einstein. ‎ ‎(5)平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密 They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. ‎ 部分倒装 ‎(1)so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示“也一样、也不”‎ ‎(2)含有否定意义的副词(词组)，如：never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, at no time等置于句首时 ‎(3)only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装 ‎(4)not only…but (also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首 ‎ ‎(5)Not until …Hardly…when…No sooner…than…So…that…Such…that…‎ ‎(6)省略if的虚拟条件句，将were，had, should 移至主语前 ‎ ‎(7)祝愿句 May you succeed！‎ ‎(8)as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。句型是：表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语 ‎ ‎①though引导让步状语从句也可不倒装。②表语前的冠词要省略。如：Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.‎ 省略 ‎1． 介词的省略 ‎ 一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词。常见的句型有：‎ ‎ spend some time (in) doing sth.；be busy (in) doing sth.；have difficulty (in) doing sth.；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.‎ ‎2． 连词that 的省略 ‎ I believe (that) he will come here. ‎ ‎ It's a pity (that) he will leave this city. ‎ ‎3． 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略 ‎ ‎(1) 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略。‎ ‎(2) 在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should ＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎4． 动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合。‎ ‎ 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词有expect, refuse, mean, like, love, hope，want等。如：‎ ‎ He went home that day though he didn't want to.‎ 三、反意疑问句 ‎1． 陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 ‎ 当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must；当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。如：‎ ‎ You must go now, needn't you?‎ ‎ 你现在必须走，是不是？‎ ‎ You mustn't smoke here, must you?‎ ‎ 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？‎ ‎ You must have watched that football match last night, didn't you? 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了， 是吧？‎ ‎2． 陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句 ‎ 陈述部分含有used to时，其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如：‎ ‎ You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?‎ ‎ 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？‎ ‎3． 陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句 ‎ 其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如：‎ ‎ He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?‎ ‎ 他应该参加会议，是不是？‎ ‎4． 否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 ‎ 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：‎ ‎ He could hardly get up, could he?‎ ‎ 他几乎起不来了，是不是？‎ ‎5． 陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：‎ ‎ Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?‎ ‎ 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？‎ ‎6． 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句 ‎ 当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但当主句是：I think，I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。如：‎ ‎ He said that he would come here on time, didn't he?‎ ‎ I don't think he will come here on time, will he?‎ ‎7． 祈使句的反意疑问句 ‎ 祈使句后加附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，＋will you?‎ ‎ 肯定祈使句，＋ will/won't you? Let's…， ＋ shall we? Let us…， ＋ will you？如：‎ Open the door, will you?‎ ‎ Let's go out for a walk, shall we?‎ ‎ Let us go to school, will you?‎ ‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1) 反意疑问句的回答 ‎ 不要看汉语如何翻译，只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如：当对方问你“You aren't a teacher, are you？”或“You are a teacher, aren't you？”时，如果你是老师，回答“Yes, I am. ”否则，回答“No, I am not. ”‎ (2) 反意疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上需要注意的几种情况 陈述部分主语this, that；these, those everything, anything, something, nothing反意疑问部分主语it；they;it 疑问部分谓语的数例句This is a bike，isn't it？These are not your books, are they?Nothing has happened, has it?‎ 陈述部分主语everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one, anybody, anyone, anybody, none, neither反意疑问部分主语he或they(更常见)Nobody likes to be laughed at, does he/do they？‎ 陈述部分主语不定式、动名词、主语从句、其他短语;反意疑问部分主语it;Learning English well takes a lot of time, doesn't it？‎ there be句型①There is no doubt about it, is there？②There will be rain tomorrow, won't there？‎ 四、强调句 ‎ 一个句子中除谓语外的任何成分均可借助It be…that…予以强调，被强调部分置于be之后。无论被强调的是人﹑物﹑时间﹑地点还是方式一律用that, 只有强调人时也可用who。被强调的人称代词主格或宾格如I /me，其形式不可变动，即被强调的任何成分必须原封不动地放到be之后。一个句子，如果将其中的It is/was…that去掉，在不加减任何词语的情况下，语序稍作调整能构成一个完整正确的句子，便可以认定为强调句，否则就不是强调句 典题演练 ‎1． ________ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. ‎ ‎ A．Such B．This C．That D．So ‎2． Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away________. ‎ ‎ A．fleeing the boy B．was fleeing the boyC．the boy was fleeing D．fled the boy ‎3． He is rather difficult to make friends with，but the friendship of his，________，is truer than any other.‎ ‎ A．once gained B．when to gain C．after gained D．while gaining ‎4． Not until quite recently ________ that language is closely related to culture.‎ ‎ A．he realized B．did he realize C．had he realized D．he did realize ‎5． Casey, ________ to the classroom and see who it is there. ‎ ‎ A．going　　B．go　　C．to go　　D．gone ‎6．I don't suppose anyone will be willing to do the hard job, ________？‎ ‎ A．do I B．don't I C．will they D．won't they ‎7．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________，one of the ten largest cities in China. ‎ ‎ A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie ‎8． Go straight into the cave and find out what's in it, ________？‎ ‎ A．can't you B．don't you C．are you D．will you ‎9． We laugh at jokes，but seldom ________ about how they work.‎ ‎ A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think ‎10．—I've read three books this week. ‎ ‎ —Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. ‎ ‎ A．this B．that C．there D．it ‎11．In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva，________a collection of laboratory buildings. ‎ ‎ A．lie B．are lying C．lies D．lays ‎12．________in the root of his family that he decided to make a trip to Africa for further research. ‎ ‎ A．So interested Kunta was B．So interested was Kunta ‎ C．How interested Kunta was D．Kunta was such interested ‎13． If you have a job，________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. ‎ ‎ A．do devote B．don't devote C．devoting D．not devoting　‎ ‎14．________for the worst in advance and you won't be disappointed. ‎ ‎ A．Prepare B．When preparing ‎ C．Having prepared D．If you prepare ‎15．—He has to finish the experiment today. He must be in the lab，________？‎ ‎ —That's quite possible. ‎ ‎ A．mustn't he B．won't he ‎ C．doesn't he D．isn't he 答案：‎ ‎1-5ADABB6-10CADD D　11-15CBAA D　‎