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【英语】2018届二轮复习名词在短文语法填空中的考查学案(5页word版)
2018届二轮复习 名词在短文语法填空中的考查 名词真题回顾 1. (2015卷I·65) …seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _________ (painting). 2. (2014卷I·49) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 思路点拨:我们知道,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语(位于及物动词或介词后)。如果括号中所给词是名词,又是在句中作主语或宾语时,就无需作词类转换,应考虑是否需要用复数形式。 考点归纳:关于名词,从近两年的高考题来看,在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式,但我们认为,名词的所有格也是可能要考的。 1.名词的复数形式 英语中的名词,只要大于一,就要用复数形式,如“一个半小时”要说one and a half hours (=an hour and a half)。可数名词由单数变复数一般是在词尾加s,但还有以下几点需要牢记: (1)以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的,加es。如:bus—buses, fox—foxes, brush—brushes, approach—approaches等。例外:stomach—stomachs(胃)。 (2)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再 加es。如:story—stories, baby—babies, activity—activities, agency—agencies等。 (3)以-f(e)结尾的常用词,变f(e)为v,再加es。如:half—halves, life—lives, thief—thieves, knife—knives,self—selves, leaf—leaves, loaf—loaves, wolf—wolves等。但个别特殊词一般直接加s。如:chief—chiefs, gulif—gulfs,roof—roofs,proof--proofs ,belief—beliefs, safe—safes,serf--serfs等。 (4)以-o结尾的有生命的名词,加-es。如:hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes等。此外,一般直接加s。如:radio—radios, zoo—zoos, photo—photos, piano—pianos等。 (5) 不规则变化的有:man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen等。注意:Germans (6) 单复数同形的有:deer, fish, sheep, aircraft, spacecraft, means,series, species 等。 (7)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 news 为不可数名词。 the United States, 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 eg. 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域fishes(各种)鱼。 (8)复合词变复数,以中心词为主film-goer — film-goers; sister-in-law — sisters-in-law; grown-up – grown-ups 2.名词的所有格 名词所有格表示所有关系,即“某某的”,名词所有格有以下几种情况: (1) 不以s结尾的名词(单数或复数),加’s。如:Jack’s e-mail杰克的电子邮件,children’s books儿童图书。 (2) 以s结尾的复数名词,加’。如:the girls’ dormitory女生宿舍, the teachers’ reading-room教师阅览室。 (3) 以s结尾的单数名词,加’s或’。如:our boss’s (boss’) car 我们老板的小汽车,Engels’s (Engels’) works 恩格斯的著作。 3.名词作定语 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如: sports meeting students reading-room talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例 men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如: goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如: two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划 考点训练 1. We will be exploring different __________ (approach) to gathering information. 2. I broke the chocolate into _______(half) and here’s your half. 3. The sisters were treated as local _______ (hero) after rescuing a two-year-old boy from drowning. 4. The club provides a wide variety of __________ (activity) including tennis, swimming and cycling. 5. Julie is one of those _________ (woman) who always keep up with the latest fashions. 6. Her ________ (tooth) are false,but they look very natural. 7. The ______ (deer) in the forest are all dying off from disease. 8. He distinguished himself as a student at the ________ (city) leading school. 9. A _______ (child) character is greatly influenced by his home environment. 10. Sometimes they attribute their ________ (student) poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence. 答案及解析 1. 因被many修饰,故要用复数形式paintings。2. 作主语要用名词,或者说冠词后应当用名词,change除作动词外也可作名词,所以词性不必变化;由紧接着的are可知,要用复数形式。 1.由different可知,“不同的方法”不止一种,故应当用复数,以-ch结尾的名词复数是在后面加-es。2.句中break /cut sth. into halves意思是“把某物分成两半”。 3.指The sisters,可知hero要用复数,hero, tomato, potato的复数形式是在后面加es。4.因被a wide variety of(多种多样的)修饰,故要用复数形式。5.被those修饰,故要用复数形式。6.由are可知,tooth要用复数形式teeth。7.由are可知,deer要用复数,但deer, sheep 等的复数形式与单数形式相同。8.在名词前作定语,表示“这个城市的”重点学校,故用其所有格形式。9.在名词前作定语,表示“孩子的”性格,故用其所有格形式。10.指他们的学生,student应用复数,“学生的”理解力差,故用所有格。 查看更多