【英语】2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解中长难句分析100例之二(65页)

【英语】2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解中长难句分析100例之二(65页)

‎ 2019届二轮复习英语阅读理解中长难句分析100例之二 ‎101. Reading fiction allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk ‎ Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, ‎ exciting experiences that I wouldn’t necessarily be able to have in my lifetime. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】阅读小说使得我享受着坐在扶手椅上的舒适就能在深海和丝绸之 路进行旅游，这种让人兴奋的体验尽管是间接的却又是我一生所必然体验不到 的。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句，that I wouldn’t necessarily…修饰先行词 experiences。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) comfort n.舒适；安逸；令人感到安慰的人或物 vt.安慰 ‎ Take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little brighter. ‎ 从你的舒适地带迈出一小步，为他人带去一点阳光吧。 ‎ A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort. ‎ 在寒冷的夜晚喝杯热牛奶真舒服。‎ The little boy fell down and his mother comforted him. ‎ 小男孩摔倒了，于是他的妈妈哄了哄他。‎ ‎2) experience vt.体验；经历，遭受 n.「U」经验；「C」经历，体验 We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future. ‎ 我们从过去中学习，体验现在，展望未来。 ‎ Having experienced earthquakes before, I wasn’t frightened. ‎ 由于过去经历过地震，所以我不害怕。 ‎ If you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference. ‎ 如果你希望成功，当以恒心为良友，经验为参谋。 ‎ He had many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.‎ 他在非洲旅行时，有许多有趣的经历。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that I wouldn’t necessarily…修饰先行词experiences；that作为关系代词引导定语从句指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，具体用法参见第72句。‎ ‎102. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever turning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged.‎ ‎【句式翻译】起初，他们将面临的危险、回来寻找我们的机会、以及害怕再也无从知晓他们的命运和可能的耽搁，都使我们情绪低落、沮丧不已。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个介词宾语从句和一个同位语从句，what lay ahead of them作介词of 的宾语；that we might never…作the fear 的同位语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) ahead of 在…前面 The time here is 9 hours ahead of London. ‎ 这里的时间比伦敦早9个小时。 ‎ ‎2) discourage vt.使泄气，使沮丧 discouraged adj.泄气的，失去信心的 We discouraged you from smoking except in specific areas. ‎ 除特定的区域外，我们禁止吸烟。 ‎ The news that he had failed the exam made him discouraged. ‎ 他考试失败的消息让他很泄气。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中what lay ahead of them作介词of 的宾语；that we might never…作the fear 的同位语;连接代词what 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语；连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略。如： ‎ After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed.‎ 在很长时间后，我睁开眼睛发现自己躺在床上。 ‎ There is a feeling in me that we’ll never know what a UFO is -- not ever. ‎ 我有一种感觉，我们将永远不会知道不明飞行物是什么—永远都不会。 ‎ ‎103. A recent study showed that almost two thirds of parents believed that schools ‎ should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said that ‎ their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents ‎ felt that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to explain. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】最近一份研究表明尽管少数的父母觉得他们自己也不明白来解释财政方面的事情，但几乎三分之二的父母认为学校应该更多的教学生一些关于财政方面的事情，并且将近一半的父母说他们的孩子问过他们发生什么事情了。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that almost two thirds…well enough to ‎ explain是宾语从句，作show 的宾语；在该句中that schools should do more to ‎ teach pupils about financial matters作believed的宾语，that their children had asked ‎ them what was going on作said 的宾语，that they didn’t understand it themselves ‎ well enough to explain作felt 的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】a minority of 少数 Only a minority of British households don’t have a car. ‎ 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that almost two thirds…well enough to explain是宾语从句， ‎ 作show的宾语；在该句中that schools should do more to teach pupils about ‎ financial matters作believed 的宾语，that their children had asked them what was ‎ going on作said 的宾语，that they didn’t understand it themselves well enough to ‎ explain作felt 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以 能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也 不可省略第二个that。如：‎ Do you know (that) he has joined the army? ‎ 你知道他参军了吗？ ‎ I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve. ‎ 我相信你已经尽了力，我也相信一切会好起来的。 ‎ ‎104. Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations affect their ‎ purchases to the same degrees as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say ‎ that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】三分之二的顾客说正如一年前一样，对环境的考虑会影响到他们所购买的东西，而超过四分之一的人说他们现在比以前能更好地意识到环保对他们所购物品的影响。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that environmental considerations affect…作say的宾语；that they are now even better…作say的宾语，在该句中what they buy又作介词on 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1)affect vt.影响；感动；具体用法参见第7句。‎ ‎2) effect n. 影响, 作用；固定短语：have (an) effect on = affect ‎ Early people had very little effect on the environment. ‎ 早期人类对环境没有多少影响。 ‎ ‎3) aware adj.意识到，觉察到 People around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage. ‎ 全世界人民都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。 ‎ People are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. ‎ 现在人们意识到帮助别人就是帮助自己。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that environmental considerations affect…作say的宾语；that ‎ they are now even better…作say的宾语，在该句中what they buy 又作介词on 的 宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中 若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个 that, 具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎105. Nancy and her colleagues at that university found in their study that kids who ‎ experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made ‎ the most gain on a standard test of attention. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】南希和她在大学的同事在他们的研究中发现，因家庭搬迁而经历了最大程度的绿色的孩子在标准的注意力测试中取得的成绩最好。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that kids who experienced …作found 的 宾语，在该句中who experienced the greatest…a family move是定语从句，修 饰先行词that kids。‎ ‎【词语点拨】as a result (of ) 作为（……的）结果 Alice‎ overslept this morning. As a result, se was late for work. ‎ 爱丽丝今天早上睡过头了，结果上班迟到了。 ‎ About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking. ‎ ‎20世纪90年代约有2100万人死于吸烟。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that kids who experienced …作found 的宾语，在该句中 who experienced the greatest…a family move是定语从句，修饰先行词that kids。‎ 连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两 个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具 体用法参见第103句；who 作为关系代词引导定语从句指人并在从句中作主语 或宾语，具体用法参见第70句。‎ ‎106. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of ‎ at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】泰纳和他的工作组发现，在窗外至少‎50英尺视野都没有受遮挡的教室里学习的学生，比那些在可以俯瞰街道和停车场的教室里学习的学生在词汇测试、语言艺术和数学方面测试的分数要高。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that students in classrooms with…作found 的宾语；在该句中又包含一个定语从句，whose classrooms primarily…修饰先行词students。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) view n. 视野，视线；风景，景色; 看法，见解 The lake came into view as we turned the corner. ‎ 我们转过弯就看见那个湖了。 ‎ While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. ‎ 爬山时，我们享受着温暖的阳光，欣赏着美丽的风景。 ‎ In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time. ‎ 在我看来，玩电脑游戏浪费时间。 ‎ ‎2) at least 至少，起码 I need at least five days to complete the task. ‎ 我至少需要5天时间完成这项任务。‎ ‎3) overlook vt. 俯瞰，眺望；忽略，未注意到 Many of them went to the cemetery and memorial which overlooks Omaha‎ ‎Beach. ‎ 他们中有很多人去了解俯瞰奥马哈海滩的公墓和纪念碑。 ‎ It is easy to overlook a small detail like that. ‎ 那样的小细节和容易被忽略。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that students in classrooms with…作found 的宾语；在该句 包含一个定语从句，whose classrooms primarily…修饰先行词students; 连词that 引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的 that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参 见第103句; 关系代词whose作定语, 可以指人或物。如： ‎ This is the scientists whose achievements are well known. ‎ 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 ‎ We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear. ‎ 我们举行了一次会议，其目的完全不明确。 ‎ ‎107. I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我赞成美国法院和医疗机构的决定，就长期昏迷状态而言，近亲家属应该获准让他们挚爱的人脱离生命供养机。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句，that in the case of…作the decision 的同位语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) agree with 同意，赞同；与…相符，与…一致；（气候、食物等）适合 I quite agree with him on sports. ‎ 我非常同意他在运动方面的观点。 ‎ His words don’t agree with his actions. ‎ 他言行不一致。‎ You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you, I suppose. ‎ 你看起来气色不错。我想三亚的空气和海上食品一定适合你。 ‎ ‎2)in the case of / in sb’s case 就某人的情况来说 In her case, she failed the exam because she wasn’t well. ‎ 就她的情况来看，她是因为生病而没考及格。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that in the case of …作the decision 的同位语;连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句。‎ ‎108. As studies continue to prove Traditional Chinese Medicine’s worth, especially in helping patients with cancer and AIDS, it becomes more and more obvious that Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine complement each other. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】随着研究继续证明传统中医药学的价值，尤其是在帮助病人治疗癌症和艾滋病方面，越来越明显的是西医和中医可以互补。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that Western Medicine…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) continue v. 继续，持续 I hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future. ‎ 我希望这种活动今后能继续办下去。 ‎ Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his research. ‎ 这个发现大大鼓舞了布罗德，于是他让自己的学生继续他的研究工作。 ‎ How can you continue to work with all that noise going on? ‎ 吵闹声不绝于耳，你怎么还能工作得下去呢？ ‎ ‎2) complement vt.与（某事物）结合（相辅相成）n.补充物 His business skill complements her flair for design. ‎ 他的经营技巧和她的设计才能相辅相成。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that Western Medicine…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，常见的句型有： ‎ ‎1) It + be + 形容词（obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, probable, certain, etc.）+ that 从句。如：‎ It is certain that she will do well in her exam. ‎ 可以肯定她会考得很好。 ‎ ‎2) It+be+名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+ that从句。如： ‎ It is no surprise that our team has won the game. ‎ 我们队赢了比赛并不惊奇。 ‎ ‎3) It+be+过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, ect.）+ that 从句。如： ‎ It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. ‎ 已经定下来，会议推迟到了下周一。 ‎ ‎109. I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious, working hard, and believing in what was true made her the success she is today. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则使她成为今日的成功者。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两宾语从句，how she had achieved success作asked的宾语；that being curious, working hard, and believing in what…作told的宾语,在该句中what was true作believe in 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) achieve vt.取得，实现 vi.获得成功 No one can achieve anything without effort. ‎ 没有人能够不努力就有所成就。 ‎ He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve. ‎ 他是位优秀的律师，有着一副好脑筋和必胜的决心。‎ ‎2) curious adj.好奇的 For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. ‎ ‎40年来，科学家一直对那种鱼感到好奇。 ‎ We are curious to know where she’s gone. ‎ 我们很想知道她去哪儿了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中how she had achieved success 作asked 的宾语；that being curious, working hard, and believing in what…作 told 的宾语，在该句中what was true 又作believe in 的宾语,具体用法参见第102句；连词that 引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。连接副词how 可以引导宾语从句。如：‎ As a new diplomat, he often considers how he can react more appropriately on such occations.‎ 作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考在这样的场合他怎样才能更恰当的作出反应。 ‎ ‎110. The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline when ‎ it was realized that they could supply excellent fresh meat for passenger ships, because they were known to be able to survive for six months without food and ‎ water. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】据说当人们意识到加拉帕格斯海龟能够给过往的船只提供鲜美的肉食时，他们的数量就开始下降了，因为人们知道这些海龟能够不吃不喝生存六个月之久。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that they could supply…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) number n.数字，数目; a number of 许多; 后接复数名词, 作主语时，谓语动词用复数; the number of…的数目，后接复数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ‎ A number of researchers were invited to attend the meeting, but the number of researchers present was only 50. ‎ 许多研究者被邀请参加这个会议， 但是出席的人的数目仅有50个。 ‎ ‎2) decline vi.减少, 下降 vt.谢绝, 拒绝 According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline from the age of 27 reaching the highest level at 22. ‎ 在科学家看来，我们的智力能力在22岁到达最高水平后从27岁开始下降。 ‎ In spite of many inviations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. ‎ 尽管多次受到邀请，他还是拒绝去牛津。‎ ‎3) supply vt.供应, 供给 n.供应； ‎ Those children are not well supplied with books for studying. ‎ 提供给那些孩子的学习用书不够充足。 ‎ The media supplies lots of information to us every day. ‎ 媒体每天提供给我们很多信息。 ‎ Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. ‎ 干净的水供应和洗手是预防疾病的切实有效的方法。 ‎ ‎4) survive vi.幸存，还生 vt.经历…幸存，比…活得长 To survive in the forest, animals must climb from tree to tree. ‎ 要想在森林里生存下来，动物必须有爬树的本领。 ‎ She survived her husband by ten years. ‎ 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that they could supply…是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。‎ ‎111. Two out of three people think that it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided ‎ to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】三分之二的人认为买那些对环境负责人的公司的产品是重要的，七分之一的人认为如果他们感觉这个公司在环保方面的名声不够好，他们会决定去其他地方买东西 。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that it is important to…作think的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) responsible adj.有责任的，尽责的 All pilots should be responsible for their passengers’ safety. ‎ 所有的飞机驾驶员均应该对乘客的安全负责。‎ ‎2) custom n.习俗，风俗，惯例 n.经常向某商人、商店等购物 It is difficult to get used to another country’s customs. ‎ 要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯很难。 ‎ I shall withdraw my custom from that shop. ‎ 我不再去那家商店买东西了。‎ ‎3) reputation n.名声，声誉 The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good reputation. ‎ 这名医生擅长治疗心脏疾病并且从不接收病人的任何礼品，因此他有个好名声。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that it is important to…作think 的宾语；that they had even decided to…作saying 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎112. They believe (that) their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他们相信他们与每一个神圣的时刻的舞蹈是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句和一个定语从句，their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；which can bring…引导定语从句，修饰先行词storms。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】gift n. 礼物，赠品才 n.天赋，天资, 才能 One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. ‎ 我最美好的记忆之一是关于圣诞礼物的。‎ I’ve always been able to learn languages easily, beacaue I have a gift for it. ‎ 我学习语言一向是轻而易举，因为这是天赋。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中their dance with…与that storms are…两个并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，故their dance with…前省略了连词that，具体用法参见第103句;which 作为关系代词引导定语从句指物或指整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 具体用法参见第71句。‎ ‎113. In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】在最近的一个研究中，贝尔宁格了解了拼写在一个学生的写作技巧中扮演什么角色，发现孩子拼写的好坏与写作的好坏是有联系的。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句,what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1)play a role in 在……中起作用，扮演……角色 Farming plays an important role in the country’s economy.‎ 农业对该国经济起着重要作用。 ‎ He played a role in the play, which made his mother happy. ‎ 他在剧中扮演了一个角色，这让他的妈妈很开心。 ‎ ‎2) tie n.领带，联系 vt.（用带、绳、线等）系，栓 The firm has close ties with an American corporation. ‎ 这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。 ‎ It took him a long time to tie the horse to the tree. ‎ 他花费了很长时间才把马拴在了树上。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中what role spelling plays…作looked at 的宾语；that how well children spell…作found 的宾语，在本句中how well children spell又作该宾语从句的主语，how well they can write作is tied to 的宾语；连接代词what 引导宾语从句，有时可以作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories 等；连接副词how 可以引导宾语从句，具体用法参见第109句。如： ‎ We still don’t know what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. ‎ 尽管有2000名病人已服用了这种药，但我们仍然不知道它会带来什么副作用。 ‎ ‎114. The January 12 Haiti earthquake and its aftershocks(余震)killed or injured hundreds of thousands of people in the Baribbean island nation, mostly as a result of what engineers call structural failure—buildings collapsing, roofs falling in, that sort of thing. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】‎1月12日海地地震和余震造成加勒比岛国数万人死伤，大部分是由于工程师们所说的结构故障，比如建筑物倒塌，屋顶坠落这种事情。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个介词宾语从句，what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】failure n.「U」失败；「C」失败的人/事; 具体用法参见第87句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中what engineers call…作介词of 的宾语；连接代词what 引导介词宾语从句，在从句中可作主语或宾语，具体用法参见第102句。 ‎ ‎115. Media reports said that the House would meet and discuss a surveyor’s report which culd recommend lawmakers move out for repairs costing up to one billion pounds, while the Daily Telegraph said that another proposal might be to sell to Russian or Chinese developers for about 500 million pounds. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】媒体报道说议院将会开会讨论一份检测官的报告，这份报告建议立法者搬出去以花费10亿英镑对大本钟的钟楼进行维修，而《每日电讯报》则称另一个建议是以5亿英镑的价格卖给俄罗斯或中国的开发者。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个宾语从句，that the House would meet and discuss…one billion poundsaid 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) recommend vt. 推荐, 介绍；劝告，建议 I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art. ‎ 我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。 ‎ They have recommended that the site (should) be closed and repaired. ‎ 他们已经提出关闭这个遗址并进行维修的建议。 ‎ ‎2) up to 达到；直到；轮到，该由；从事于，忙于 I can take up to four people in my car. ‎ 我的车最多能坐4个人。 ‎ Up to now, I’ve understand everything the teacher’s said. ‎ 到现在，我已经理解了老师所讲的全部内容。 ‎ It’s up to you to find out what your goals really are. ‎ 你真正的目标是什么只能由你来决定。 ‎ What are you up to this weekend? ‎ 这周末你打算做什么？‎ ‎3) proposal n.建议，提议 He made a proposal that the meeting (should) be postponed. ‎ 他提议会议延期。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that the House would meet and discuss…one billion pounds 作said 的宾语；that another proposal might be…作the Daily Telegraph said的宾 语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若 有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, ‎ 具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎116. He also dismissd concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Thames, while the commission’s spokesman denied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他还摒除了媒体对议会会滑落到泰晤士河的顾虑，而委员会的发言人则否认是宫殿周围的墙受到严重的下沉，使得大本钟倾斜。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that parliament was slipping into the Thames作concern 的同位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from…作denied 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) concern n.担心，忧虑 vt.与…有关，涉及，影响；使担心 Issues like food safety do concern me. ‎ 食品安全这类问题确实让我很担心。‎ On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern. ‎ 总的说来，地球变暖现象引起了极大的忧虑。 ‎ This chapter concerns itself with the historical background. ‎ 本章是关于历史背景的。 ‎ They meet every summer to discuss major problems that concern the whole world. ‎ 每年夏天他们都这类问题确实让我担心。 ‎ ‎2)deny vt.否认，否定 He denied taking money but we were sceptical. ‎ 他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。 ‎ I never deny that you’re a great intellect.‎ 我从不否认你很有才智。‎ ‎3) suffer from v.经历，遭受 He is suffering from the loss of his old friend. ‎ 他正遭受失去朋友的痛苦。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that parliament was slipping into the Thames作concern 的同 位语；that the walls around the palace were suffering from…作denied 的宾语；连 词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102‎ 句；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若 有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, ‎ 具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎117. Most music critics also say that her music often sounds a bit like the work of other artists, and she herself is quite open about the fact that singers such as Madonna have been a big influence on her. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】大多数音乐评论家还说她的音乐经常听起来有点象其他艺术家的作品，而她本人对此很坦率一些歌手象麦当娜对她有很大影响。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句和一个同位语从句，that her music often sounds…作say的宾语；that singers such as Madonna have been…作the fact的同位语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】influnce n. 影响; vt. 影响; 具体用法参见第83句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that her music often sounds…作say的宾语；that singers such ‎ as Madonna have been…作the fact的同位语; 连词that 引导同位语从句没有词 义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句；连词that引导宾语从句没 有词义，不作成分，通常可以能省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾 语，即使省略了第一个that, 也不可省略第二个that, 具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎118. It doesn’t matter what the topic is -- polictics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg -- the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority -- someone who actually knows something and therefore to command respect. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】主题是什么并不要紧—政治、物理法则、或打鸡蛋的恰当方法—争论的要点是要证明你是对的，另一个人是错的，因为双方都希望被证明是了解某事的权威以博得尊敬。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,what the topic is是主语从句，that you are right and the other person is wrong 是宾语从句作prove 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) point n.分数；观点，要点 vt.指出，指向 ‎ I’d like to make one point before I stop.‎ 结束前我想提出最后一个看法。 ‎ It is rude to point your finger at others. ‎ 对人指指点点是不礼貌的。‎ ‎2) command n.命令，指挥；vt.命令，指挥 The fire officer took command, ordering everyone to leave the building. ‎ 消防员开始指挥大家离开大楼。 ‎ The teacher commanded that he (should) go out of the classroom. ‎ 老师命令他离开教室。 ‎ ‎4) respect n.尊敬，尊重 vt.尊敬，尊重 We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. ‎ 我们应该尊敬老人、父母和老师。 ‎ The media should respect famous people’s privacy.‎ 媒体应当尊重名人的隐私。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中what the topic is 是主语从句，其中it 作形式主语；that you are right and the other person is wrong 是宾语从句作prove 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎119. It so happened that in this village there were many shoemakers who were spending a lot of money to buy tacks for their shoes and even at times when they paid high prices they were not always able to get what they wanted, because in that part of the country there was a high demand for soldiers’ shoes. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】碰巧在这个村庄有很多的鞋匠花很多钱去买鞋钉，并且甚至有时他们花高价也并不总能够买到他们想要的东西，因为在那个国家急需士兵的鞋。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个主语从句，that in this village there were many…是主语从句,常用it作形式主语；在该主语从句中who were spending a lot of money…是定语从句修饰先行词shoemakers；when they paid high prices是定语从句修饰先行词times; what they wanted作动词get 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) It (so) happens that…碰巧，偶然 happen to do sth碰巧 ‎ It so happened that I had no money with me. ‎ 不巧我身上没带钱。 ‎ Do you happen to know what’s on after the news? ‎ 你知道新闻之后是什么节目吗？ ‎ ‎2) demand n.需要，需求 vt. (强烈)要求 The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for ‎ the future of mankind. ‎ 对于未来的人类，对自然资源的需求正成为一个日益严峻的问题。 ‎ When your child demands that you (should) buy something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it. ‎ 当孩子要求你买东西时，要向他解释为什么你不想买。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中，that in this village there were many…是主语从句,常用it 作形式主语；在该主语从句中who were spending a lot of money…是定语从句修饰先行词shoemakers；when they paid high prices是定语从句修饰先行词times; what they wanted作动词get 的宾语；连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。‎ ‎120. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】考虑另外一个事实：瓶装水出乎意料地贵，尤其是和另一种几乎是免费的选择相比，美国人对瓶装谁的需求似乎是不可能满足的，每年几乎达到300亿瓶，这是令人吃惊的。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个主语从句，that bottled water is…作fact 的同位语；that America’s desire for bottled water…是主语从句,it 是形式主语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) compare vt. 对比，比较 固定短语：compare A to/with B 把A 同B 作比较；compare A to B 把A比喻作B；compared to/ with 与…比较起来。‎ Compare this to/ with that and you will see which is better. ‎ 把这个跟那个作对比，你就能看出哪一个更好。 ‎ Young people are often comapred to the rising sun. ‎ 年轻人常被比喻作冉冉升起的太阳。 ‎ Compared with/to you, we still have a long way to go. ‎ 和你们比起来我们还有很大的差距。 ‎ ‎2) alternative n.选择，供选择的东西 adj.供替代的，二者择一的 Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport. ‎ 相对于昂贵的出租车和拥挤的公共交通，12座的小公共汽车提供了另一种选择。‎ As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making ‎ use of alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel. ‎ 随着煤和油变得越来越少，科学家正在开拓新的使用可替代能源的方法， 比如阳光、风和水作燃料。 ‎ ‎3) desire n.愿望，欲望，渴望 vt.渴望，希望 The program is aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. ‎ 这个项目旨在激起学生强烈的探索欲望。 ‎ A home of her own was something she had always desired. ‎ 她一直渴望有个自己的家。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that bottled water is…作fact 的同位语；that America’s desire for bottled water…是主语从句,it 是形式主语;连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句;连词that 引导的从句作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，具体用法参见第108句。‎ ‎121. On the other hand, there are those, like scientist George Hambley, who believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air and that some scientists’ concerns about global warming are just speculation. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】另一方面，还有些人，像科学家乔治 汉布利，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳，一些科学家对全球变暖的担心只是推测。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句和两个并列的宾语从句，who believe that we should…are just speculation是定语从句，修饰先行词George Hambley; 在该定语从句中that we should not worry about…与and that some scientists’ concerns about…是并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】on (the) one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面……‎ On (the) one hand,computers improve the working efficiency; on the other hand, they also bring about some new problems. ‎ 一方面，计算机提高了人们的工作效率，另一方面，也引起了新问题。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中who believe that we should…are just speculation 是定语从句，修饰先行词George Hambley; 在该定语从句中that we should not worry about…与and that some scientists’ concerns about…是并列的宾语从句，作believe 的宾语；who作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，不能与that 互换，具体用法参见第85句；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎122. The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that ‎ they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer -- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example -- are more likely to use sunscreen.‎ ‎【句式翻译】研究人员说早期的研究有一些问题，其中一个是他们没能考虑到有皮肤癌危险的人—皮肤白皙且有雀斑的人—更可能使用防晒霜。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句和一个表语从句，that among the problems…作said 的宾语；that they often failed to…是表语从句，在该句中又含有一个宾语从句，that those people most at risk…作take into account 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) take sth into account / take account of sth 考虑到，把……考虑进去 ‎ One must take the audience into account when making speeches. ‎ 演讲时要考虑听众。 ‎ The company takes account of environmental issues wherever possible. ‎ 只要有可能，这家公司都会考虑到环境问题。‎ ‎2) at risk (from/ of )有危险 If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk. ‎ 如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。 ‎ The water level has risen so high in several places that many homes are at risk from flooding. ‎ 一些地方水位升高，很多房子都有被洪水淹没的危险。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that among the problems…作said 的宾语；that they often failed to…是表语从句，在该句中又含有一个宾语从句，that those people most at risk…作take into account 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句;连词that 引导表语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略。如： ‎ My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning. ‎ 我们的决定是我们所有的人明天早上6点出发。‎ ‎123. A construction expert who worked on the leaning tower of Pisa in Italy and a multi-storey car park under the houses of parliament in central London, said that there was nothing to worry about, and that it would take 10,000years to reach an angle of concern. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】曾在意大利的比萨斜塔和伦敦中部议会下方的多层停车场工作过的一名建筑专家说没有必要担心，并且还需要一万年它才到达让人担心的角度。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个定语从句和两个并列的宾语从句，who worked on…in central London是定语从句，修饰先行词expert; that there was nothing to worry about与that it would take 10,000years to reach an angle of concern并列作said 的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】It takes sb (sth) to do 做…需要某人……‎ It took me 20 minutes to find another space. ‎ 我花了20分钟才找到另一片空地。 ‎ It takes hard work to make dreams into reality. ‎ 实现梦想需要努力。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中who worked on…in central London是定语从句，修饰先行词expert; that there was nothing to worry about与that it would take 10,000years to reach an angle of concern并列作said 的宾语；who 作为关系代词引导定语从句指人并在从句中作主语或宾语，具体用法参见第70句；连词that 引导表语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略；引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎124. The fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving the education they really need, and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育,并且知道他们的未来不全是由智商决定的. ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that it might be possible…作the fact 的同位语；that schools need to…作mean 的宾语，在该宾语从句中又含有两宾语从句，that their students are receiving…作make sure 的宾语，that their futures are not entirely…作know 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) it is possible (for sb) to do sth 做…是可能的 It is possible for him to accomplish the task. ‎ 他有可能完成这项任务。 ‎ ‎2)mean vt.意味着；表示…的意思; 意思是；打算 Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year. ‎ 现在花费太多就意味着明年现金短缺。‎ If you nod your head you usually mean yes. ‎ 如果你点头，通常表示你同意。 ‎ I have been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week. ‎ 我一直打算问你，下个星期你要不要来吃放。 ‎ ‎3) make sure 确定，设法确保 We make sure that we take good care of students on campus. ‎ 我们确保在校园里照顾好学生。 ‎ ‎4) determine vt.决定，确定 It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success. ‎ 决定你成功的是努力而非智力。 ‎ I am determined to make more efforts to improve my English. ‎ 我决心加倍努力提高英语水平。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that it might be possible…作the fact 的同位语；that schools need to…作mean 的宾语，在该宾语从句中又含有两宾语从句，that their students are receiving…作make sure 的宾语，that their futures are not entirely…作know 的宾语; 连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句; 连词that 引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎125. It is a difficult fact to face, but environmental problems are causing what is called “global warming” or in other words, the rise in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to ecological changes. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】这是一个难于面对的事实，但是环境问题正在造成所谓的“全球变暖”或者换句话说，由于生态的变化导致的地球气温的增加。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句, what is called “global warming”作cause的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】cause n. 理由，缘故；事业 vt.引起，导致；具体用法见第59句 ‎【语法点拨】本句中what is called “global warming”作cause的宾语；连接代词what 引导宾语从句，有时可以作前置定语，如what help, what funny stories 等，具体用法参见第113句。‎ ‎126. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】在20世纪，广告代理商把消费主义推广为一种生活方式，传播只有买合适的产品人们才会快乐的看法。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句，that people could be happy only if they…作the belief 的同位语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) promote vt.促进，增进；提升，晋升 Good listening can always show respect, promote understanding and improve interpersonal relationship.‎ 认真倾听可以表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系。 ‎ He has been promoted to general manager. ‎ 他已经被提升为总经理。 ‎ ‎2) spread vt. 伸开，打开 vi&vt. 传播，（使）蔓延，（使）流传 She spread her arms and the child ran towards her. ‎ 她张开双臂，孩子向她跑去。 ‎ Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. ‎ 广告在18世纪迅速传播。 ‎ ‎3) belief n.相信，信任；信念，看法，信仰 I haven’t much belief in his honesty. ‎ 我不大相信他是诚实的。 ‎ Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. ‎ 与大众的看法相反，多数优秀领导是后天培养的而非天生的。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中，that people could be happy only if they…作the belief 的同位语；连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎127. He suggests that we should change this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他建议我们通过调查这些可以利用的数万的物种来改变现状， 这种方式可以减少扩大农田为目的而对动植物自然栖息地的清除。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句,that we should change this situation…作suggest的宾语，在该句中，that could be made use of 作 species 的定语， which will be a way to…修饰整个句子。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) suggest vt.提议，建议；具体用法参见第58句 ‎ ‎2) look into 观察，调查 Docotor s are looking into the case for new treatment. ‎ 医生正在研究这个病例以发现新的治疗方法。 ‎ ‎3) make use of 利用 To be a good learner, you must make full use of library books, newspapers and magazines. ‎ 要成为善于学习的人，你必须充分利用读书馆里的图书、报纸和杂志。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that we should change this situation…作suggest的宾语，在该句中，that could be made use of 作 species 的定语，which will be a way to…修饰整个句子；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句；which 作为关系代词引导定语从句指物或指整个主句的内容，在从句中作主、宾或表语。具体用法参见第71句。 ‎ ‎128. Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】如今科学家认为这次（太阳风暴）的高峰会导致产生大量的爆炸物，它们会向地球抛出数十亿吨的带电粒子，从而产生强烈的太阳风暴干扰通信卫星和从伦敦发送奥运直播的网络连接。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that this peak could result in …from London 作believe 的宾语; 在该句中又含有两个定语从句，that could throw billions of tons of …修饰先行词explosions, that could jam the telecommunications satellites…修饰先行词solar storms。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) result in 造成，导致 result from 因……发生；随……产生 His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams. ‎ 他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。 ‎ Pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress. ‎ 人类的发展引起了污染和其他严重的问题。‎ ‎2) charge vt.（向……）收费，开价；控告；充电 n.费用；主管，负责 I wonder how much you charge for your services. ‎ 我想知道你们收取多少服务费。 ‎ She is charged with murdering her husband.‎ 她被控告谋害亲夫。 ‎ In just minutes a day, plug in and charge your iPhone quickly. ‎ 一天中仅几分钟时间，插上电源，苹果手机很快就充好电。‎ Your order will be sent free of charge. ‎ 你订的货物将免费运送。 ‎ Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please? ‎ 我能同负责国际销售的主管谈谈吗？ ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that this peak could result in…from London 作believe 的宾语; 在该句中又含有两个定语从句，that could throw billions of tons of…修饰先行词explosions, that could jam the telecommunications satellites…修饰先行词solar storms; 连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句;that作为关系代词引导定语从句指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。具体用法参见第71句。 ‎ ‎129. At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】与此同时，《世界饥荒：十二个神话》一书的作者们认为世界上的粮食事实上是足够的，粮食危机4不是产量问题而是食物分配和政治问题。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句，that there actually is more than enough food in the world与that the hunger crisis is not caused…是两个并列的宾语从句，作argue 的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) at the same time 同时 Most pepole don’t find it difficult to eat and read the newspaper at the same time.‎ 对于多数人来说，吃东西的时候看报纸并不难。 ‎ ‎2) argue v.主张，认为；争论，争辩 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. ‎ 她一直主张让野生动物在大自然中生活，不应将它们用于娱乐和广告。 ‎ Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch? ‎ 你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？‎ ‎3) not…but 不是……而是 Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer. ‎ 莎士比亚不是音乐家而是作家。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that there actually is more than enough food in the world与that the hunger crisis is not caused…是两个并列的宾语从句，作argue 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎130. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, ‎ among which “green farming” is supposed to be the first choice. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】另一份世界银行的报告断定面对世界贫困和饥饿，转基因作物用处不大，因为有了更好的方法，其中绿色种植被认为是首选。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句和一个定语从句，that GM crops have little to offer…是宾语从句，作concluded的宾语；among which “green farming” is…是定语从句，修饰先行词better ways out。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) conclude vt.推断出，断定；v.结束，终止 Aristotle concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. ‎ 亚里士多德推断出重物总比轻物下落快。 ‎ The meeting concluded after three hours.‎ 会议于三小时后结束。 ‎ ‎2) offer vt.（主动）提出，提供；n.提供，提议 I have offered to paint the house in exchange for a week’s accommodation.‎ 我已主动提出用粉刷房子换取一周的食宿。‎ Working in a team offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others. ‎ 团队工作给我提供了一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。 ‎ Have you got any job offers? ‎ 你收到工作邀请了吗？‎ ‎3)available adj.可获得的，可利用的；有空的 Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available. ‎ 暂时用这个房间，大些的房间一空出来我们就会提供给你们。 ‎ There are plenty of jobs available in the western part of the country. ‎ 在这个国家的西部有大量可得的工作。 ‎ This is the only day everyone is available, so we shouldn’t put off the meeting. ‎ 今天是唯一所有人都在的一天，因此我们不应该推迟会议。‎ ‎4) be supposed to be/ to do sth 应该，理应 I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. ‎ 我到了人生中应该自己拿主意的时候了。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that GM crops have little to offer…是宾语从句，作concluded的宾语；among which “green farming” is…是定语从句，修饰先行词better ways out；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that ‎，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句；among which…引导的定语从句属于介词+关系代词，在此结构中指物只能用which。具体用法参见第68句。‎ ‎131. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside, far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】霍华德的想法是一群人应建立一个公司，借钱在萧条的农村建立一个花园城市，这个城市要远离现有的城市以确保以最低的价格购买土地。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个表语从句和一个宾语从句，that a group of people should set up…at the bottom price 是表语从句，在该句中that the land was bought at the bottom price作make sure 的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】set up 开办，设立 In 1995, the organization set up an office in Beijing. ‎ ‎1995年这个组织在北京设立了办事处。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that a group of people should set up…at the bottom price 是表语从句，在该句中that the land was bought at the bottom price作make sure 的宾语；连词that 引导表语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第122句；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎132. So far, there have been no scientific studies to prove this, but the patients themselves report that they feel better after joining an activity with humorous potential, even if it’s just watching a comedy show together with some friends or with other patients. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】迄今为止，尚没有科学的研究来证明这一点，但是病人本人报道在参加了一项幽默潜能的活动后感觉较好，即使是仅仅与朋友或其他病人一起看一部喜剧演出。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that they feel better after…作report的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】potential n.潜能，可能性 adj.可能的，潜在的 I think the boy has potential in painting, but he needs training. ‎ 我认为这男孩有绘画潜质，但需要训练。 ‎ The book is likely to be a potential best seller. ‎ 这本书可能会成为一部畅销书。‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that they feel better after…作report 的宾语；‎ 连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。‎ ‎133. Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】你目前要求所有从地下挖的考古的人类遗址都应重新埋葬，不管是在规定的两年或是特殊延期，这有背于考古学、科学研究及博物馆的基本原则。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个同位语从句, that alll archaeologically unearthed ‎ human remains should be reburied…作requirement 的同位语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1)requirement n.需要（品），要求（物）；必要的条件 Not all foreign visitors satisfy legal entry requirements. ‎ 并非所有外宾均符合入境规定。‎ ‎2) remains n. 遗址，遗迹，废墟；剩余物 remain vi.「作系动词」保持，仍然是 Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied. ‎ 古代定居点的人类遗骸将被重新安葬。 ‎ She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog. ‎ 她把中午吃剩的喂狗了。‎ ‎3) (be) contrary to 与……相反，相对 The results are contrary to my expectation. ‎ 结果与我的预期恰好相反。 ‎ Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. ‎ 与普遍的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that alll archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied…作requirement 的同位语; 连词that 引导同位语从句没有词义，不作成分，不能省略，具体用法参见第102句。‎ ‎134. Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution ‎ to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air ‎ quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after ‎ exposure. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】先前的研究总是把环境污染与增加心脏病的风险联系在一起， 但是两项分析表明接触仅几个小时差的空气质量会导致心脏病或中风。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that poor air quality can lead to…作show 的宾语。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) link…to /with 把……连接、联系起来 A subway line will link the airport to the city centre. ‎ 地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。 ‎ Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness. ‎ 黄色一般与自信、自尊和友好相联系。 ‎ ‎2) risk n.危险，风险 vt.冒……的危险，冒险干 He saved my life at the risk of losing his own. ‎ 他冒着生命危险救了我的命。‎ If you live abroad for some time you will risk losing old friends in your homeland. ‎ 如果你在国外住一段时间，你可能会失去国内的老朋友。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】本句中that poor air quality can lead to…作show 的宾语；连词that引导宾语从句没有词义，不作成分，通常可以省略,但是句中若有两个并列的that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个that，也不可省略第二个that，具体用法参见第103句。 ‎ ‎135. So sometimes kids laugh at me when I get out of breath after running just a short way or I have to stop half way up the stairs and rest before I can get up to the top. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】因此，有时当我小跑了很短的一段路就喘不过气时，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下、爬不到顶就得休息时，孩子们就会笑话我。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句中when以前的句子为主句，when后的句子为时间状语从句。‎ 在从句中又含有一个并列句I get …和I have to…and rest…。‎ ‎【词语点拨】out of breath 上气不接下气，喘不过气 (=breathless)‎ When Alice caught up with the other girls, she was out of breath.   ‎ 当艾丽斯赶上其他女孩时，她已喘不过气。‎ ‎【语法点拨】before作“然后才”讲时，常和can连用，引导时间状语从句。如：You must have a rest before you can gather all your energy to sit for the test.‎ 你必须休息然后才能积攒力量参加考试。‎ ‎136. A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this law means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car, as the owner, you have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident.‎ ‎【句式翻译】一个瑞典 Kennel俱乐部的官员解释了这项法律的含义：如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽车撞了，作为主人，即使你的狗被撞死了，你也要为被撞坏的汽车做出赔偿。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句前半部分explain接what引导的宾语从句，冒号后面的部分对此进行具体解释，可视为means的宾语从句。其中，在主句you have to…前后各有一个由if引导的条件状语从句和由even if引导的让步状语从句。as the owner是插入语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1). pay for v.偿还；付款 You get what you pay for. ‎ 一分钱一分货。‎ Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car? 我只是出于好奇，请问你买这辆车花了多少钱？‎ ‎2). damage n.损害；损失；毁坏 vt.损害；毁坏 ‎ The flood did a lot of damage to the crops. 洪水毁坏了大量农作物。 ‎ Be careful not to damage the priceless vase. 当心别把那个贵重的花瓶打碎了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。引导词主要有：though，although，while，as，even if，even though，whether...or...，no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever，regardless of+名词/名词短语/名词从句等。although，though不可与but连用，但可与yet连用。如：‎ Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. ‎ 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。‎ Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress.‎ 尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。‎ We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. ‎ 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。‎ No matter what (=Whatever) happened, he would not mind. ‎ 无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。‎ ‎137. I had already heard that George didn’t like being kept waiting, so even though I didn’t have the right clothes on, I grabbed my boots and raced after him. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上捕鲸该穿的衣服，就一把抓起靴子跟在他后面跑起来。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】这句话的主干是so连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有that引导的heard的宾语从句。而第二个分句是一个主从复合句，even though引导的句子为让步状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) grab v.抓住；攫取 n.抓取物；抓 He made a savage grab for the knife. ‎ 他恶狠狠地去抓刀子。‎ ‎2) race n.赛跑；竞争 n.人种；种族；血统 v.赛跑；竞赛 ‎ Eight horses will race for the cup. ‎ 将有八匹马参赛争夺奖杯。 ‎ Every morning he spent two hours training for the race. 他每天早晨花两个小时练习赛跑。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】句中like 后用了keep sb dong 的被动式做宾语，即为动名词的被动式。动名词的被动式表示动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。动名词的被动式分为一般式( being done) 和完成式(having been done )两种。如： ‎ He is used to being asked questions in class. ‎ ‎(被提问) 他对提问已经习惯了。‎ He came to our party without being asked. ‎ 他没收到邀请就来参加宴会了。‎ ‎138. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他想知道我想的是什么，这倒把我弄糊涂了，因为这篇文章的作者知道的比我多得多。‎ ‎【句式分析】该复合句的主句是逗号以前的部分，其中含有一个what引导的宾语从句。逗号后是which引导的定语从句，而定语从句中又含有一个由because引导的原因状语从句，且该句because I thought…也是一个合复句，thought后面接that引导的宾语从句，其中far more than I did为knew的比较状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】confuse vt.使困惑；使混乱；混淆 They asked so many questions that they confused me. ‎ 他们问了许许多多问题，把我弄糊涂了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】修饰比较级的副词有：1) 只用于修饰比较级的：much，still，even等。2) 既可以修饰比较级又可以修饰原级的：a little，a bit，rather，a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any，even等。by far通常放在比较级后面。如：‎ The weather tomorrow will be much worse than it is today. ‎ 明天的天气会比今天的更糟糕。‎ ‎139. However, in all cases, patients should receive the best possible treatment for as long as there is hope of recovery before such a decision is considered. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】然而，在所有情况下，在考虑做这样一个决定之前，病人都应该 受到尽可能好的治疗，只要有康复的希望就要坚持下去。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】这句话的主干是for连接的并列句，第一分句是patients should receive…，第二分句是for后面接的句子，其含有一个as long as引导的条件状语从句，条件状语从句中又含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1). in all cases就一切情况而论 In all cases the same fundamental principles apply. ‎ 但在任何情况下基本原理是相同的 ‎2). recovery n.恢复；痊愈；复原；重获 We are surprised by the rapidity of her recovery. ‎ 她恢复得很快，我们有些惊讶。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】as long as是“只要”的意思，相当于so long as，引导条件状语从句。另外，as long as还用来引导比较状语从句，是“和……一样长”的意思，在否定句中可改为so long as，通常把计较的结果放在该词组之前。如：‎ So/ As long as there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命，就有希望。‎ This line is four times as long as that one. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。‎ He didn’t stay there for as long as I had expected. ‎ 他在那里停留的时间并不像我之前估计的那么久。‎ ‎140. Originally, they didn’t have a sense of land ownership, although Aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect tribal boundaries. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】最初他们并没有土地所有权这一概念，虽然土著人的孩子很小就被教育说他们属于大地并且要尊重部落边界。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句中逗号以前的句子为主句，逗号后是although引导的让步状语从句。从句又是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，有两个谓语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) originally adv.原本；起初；独创地 He originally need not buy such big house. ‎ 他本来不必买这样一所大房子。‎ ‎2) belong vi.应归入；属于（~ to）‎ China‎ belongs to the third world. ‎ 中国属于第三世界。‎ ‎【语法点拨】although较为正式，引导让步状语从句多放在句首，而though放句中或句首都可。它们可以和yet或still连用，但不能和but或however连用。如：Although my uncle is old, yet he looks very strong and healthy. 我的叔叔虽然老了，但他看上去还是很健壮。‎ He was not unhappy though he had to live ‎ alone. 虽然他不得不要一个人住，却没有不开心。‎ ‎141. Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language, but it differs from spoken language as it is not always explicit. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】身体语言，就像其他任何语言一样，被用来交流喜怒等各种态度和感情，但是与口头语言不同的是，他不总是明确清楚的。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列句，第二分句中含有一个由as引出的原因状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) affection n.影响；感情；喜爱；慈爱 Every mother has affection for her children. ‎ 每个母亲都爱她的孩子。 ‎ ‎2) differ vi.不同；有区别（~ from）‎ They differ widely in their opinions. ‎ 他们的意见分歧很大。‎ ‎3) explicit adj.明确的；清晰的；清楚的；露骨的 They gave explicit reasons for leaving. ‎ 他们明确地说出了离开的原因。‎ ‎【语法点拨】表原因的连词语气由强至弱依次为：because, since, as, 和for。其中前三个为从属连词，引导原因状语从句。for为并列连词。because“因为”，表直接原因，回答why的提问。since“因为，既然”，表示显然的或已知的理由。as“由于，鉴于”，语气的重点在主句，说明结果。for “因为，由于”：表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号，分句不可放句首。如：‎ We stayed at home because it rained. ‎ 因为下雨我们呆在家里。‎ Since everyone is here, let’s start. ‎ 既然大家都到了，我们开始吧！‎ As it was late, I made haste to go. ‎ 由于晚了，我赶紧走了。‎ He must be ill, for he is absent today. ‎ 他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。‎ ‎142. Body language can therefore make people’s feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】因此身体语言可以让人们的感觉更外露，因为尽管我们可以用语言来掩饰我们的感受，但是用身体就不那么容易。‎ ‎【句式分析】本句是一个复合句，原因状语从句由as引导。从句又是一个复合句，含有一个由although引导的让步状语从句。。‎ ‎【词语点拨】transparent adj.透明的；明显的；清晰的 The insect’s wings are almost transparent. ‎ 这昆虫的翅膀几乎是透明的。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】as在本句中出现在两个地方，第一个as是连词，表原因。而第二个as是副词，相当于so，表程度，“如此，那么地”，常用于as…as结构中。as ... as ...指“两个人或物在某方面一样”，既可以用在肯定句里，也可以用在否定句中，而so ... as ...只能用在否定句里。如：‎ As the wage of the job was low, there were few applicants for it. 因为工资低,没有什么人申请这份工作。‎ I haven't got as much money as I thought.‎ 我带的钱没有我自己想象的那么多。‎ ‎143. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】相信自己，每天写下你的目标，不管他们有多小，你就离实现它们这一目标一步步地靠近了。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】全句的主干是“祈使句+ and分句”，分句中多用sb will…。祈使句中有两个谓语动词和一个由however引导的让步状语从句。 ‎ ‎【词语点拨】however adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么 conj.不管怎样 However rich people are, they always want more. ‎ 无论人们有多富裕，他们总还是想要更多。‎ ‎【语法点拨】“祈使句+ and分句”，常用于口语中，表示建议、告诫、鼓励等意味。祈使句部分相当于if 引导的条件状语从句，而and分句相当于主句。如：‎ Give him an inch and he will take a mile. ‎ 得寸进尺。‎ 此句也可以改成：If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. ‎ ‎144. Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】简言之，镜像神经元的存在表明，不管我们是否真正执行相同的操作，每一次我们看到别人做点什么，我们的大脑就会模仿。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的主干是主谓宾结构，the existence of mirror neurons是主语，suggests是谓语，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句又是一个复合句，它的主句是our ‎ brains imitate it，名词短语every time做连词，引导时间状语从句，whether （or not）引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) put simply adv. 简而言之（插入语）‎ Put simply, we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.‎ 简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。 ‎ ‎2) imitate vt.仿效；仿制；模仿 Teachers provide a model for children to imitate. 教师是孩子们仿效的典范。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】英语中除了像when，as soon as等连词外，还有两类词可充当连词的功能。它们是名词短语，如each time, next time，every time, the last time以及the moment, the minute, the instant等和副词，如immediately, directly, instantly等来引导时间状语从句。如：‎ Every time he comes, he will bring me a small present. ‎ 他每次来，都要给我带个小礼物。‎ I came to see you the moment I arrived in Beijing. ‎ 我一到北京就来看你了。‎ ‎145. A temperature increase of‎ ‎‎1°F may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】气温升高‎1华氏度听起来无所谓，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的的二氧化碳和其他气体， 我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句主干是一个but连接的并列句，第二个分句又是一个由if引导的主从复合句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) quantity n.量；数量；大量 ‎ The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products. 这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。 ‎ ‎2) condemn vt.（从道义上）谴责；判处（某人刑罚）；迫使接受困境 We must not condemn her on pure supposition. ‎ 我们千万不能单凭猜测就谴责她。‎ ‎3) consequence n.结果；后果；重要性；影响 It terrified me to contemplate the consequence of your action. 一想到你行动的后果,我就感到害怕。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】词组a large/great quantity of或quantities of的意思是“大量的”，其后可跟不可数名词或复数名词。在句中作主语时，a quantity of接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式，接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。而 quantities ‎ of修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数时，谓语动词都用复数形式。如： ‎ He ate only a small quantity of rice at noon. ‎ 他中午只吃了少量的米饭。‎ A large quantity of newspapers are printed in this factory every day. ‎ 每天大量的报纸在这家工厂被印刷。‎ ‎146. Surely we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings, but there is a growing resistance to this consuming society which is especially affecting the youth today with their computers, i-pads, designer clothes and mobile phones. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当然，我们比那些穿着破衣烂衫、睡在大街上或者空置的大楼里的人的生活要好得多，但是现在的年轻人特别容易受到电脑、i-pad随身听、名牌服装和移动电话等的影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消费社会。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】全句的主干是一个由but连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有than引导的比较状语从句，修饰better off。第二个分句的主句是There be…，其后是which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的society。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) well off adj.富有的；走运的（better off 是well off的比较级） ‎ Jack has just bought another new car; he must be very well off. ‎ 杰克刚又买了一辆新车，他一定很富裕。‎ ‎2) vacant adj.空虚的；空的；木然的 ‎ There are some vacant offices on the third floor. 四楼有几间空闲的办公室。‎ ‎【语法点拨】there be句式的主谓一致问题: 若只有一个主语，谓语的数则取决于该主语的数；若有几个主语并列，则通常是与靠近的主语保持一致。如：‎ There is a man at the door. ‎ 门口有个人。‎ There are some girls in the room. ‎ 房间里有几个女孩。‎ There is a pen and some books on the desk. ‎ 桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。‎ ‎147. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbors’ homes to ask for sweets，but if the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】万圣节如今成了孩子们的节日，这天他们可以乔装打扮上邻居家要糖吃，但是如果邻居什么糖也不给，那么孩子们就可以捉弄他们了。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 全句是一个由but连接的并列句。前一个分句是一个主从句，主句的表语a children’s festival有自己的定语从句，由when引导。后一个分句也是一个复合句，if引导的条件状语从句在前，主句在后。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) dress up v.穿上盛装；打扮得漂亮；伪装 Her maid helped her to dress up for the party. 她的女仆帮助她穿上参加晚会的礼服。 ‎ ‎2) play a trick on sb v.捉弄某人; 开某人玩笑; 欺骗某人 I've paid her back for the trick she played on me. ‎ 她捉弄了我，我已回敬她了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】情态动词表推测时，按语气由弱到强分别为：might，may，could，can，should，must。其中might意思是“可能”，语气最弱，接近于could。而must意思是“肯定”，语气最强。如：‎ She might go shopping．‎ 她可能买东西去了。‎ She should be in the park．‎ 她按说应该在公园里。‎ She must go to the cinema．‎ 他一定是看电影去了。‎ ‎148. While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】虽然这些活动看起来孩子气且令人发笑而不是让人肃然起敬，但 实际上，完成这些活动需要强大的力量，健康的体格和坚定的决心。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】全句的主干是主从复合句，while引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】amount n.数量；总额 ‎ He’s a large amount of mail to answer every day. ‎ 他每天有大量信件要回复。‎ The total cost of repairs amounted to 100 dollars. ‎ 修理费用总计一百美元。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】while作连词时，有三种意义高考经常涉及：1）作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为"当……的时候"；2）作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，表转折，意为"虽然；尽管"；3）作并列连词，表示对比，意为"然而"。如：‎ While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. ‎ 尽管我不是太喜欢艺术，我却发现他的作品很有感染力。‎ ‎149. The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not at ‎ the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句为复合句，其主句的谓语动词show后面接一个that引导的宾语从句。而定语从句也是一个复合句，含有even though引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) voyage n.航行；旅程 v.航行；旅行 ‎ This is the virgin voyage of the ship. ‎ 这是这艘船的处女航。‎ They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean. ‎ 他们计划做穿越太平洋的旅行。‎ ‎2) at the mercy of 在…支配下；任由……摆布 The boat was at the mercy of the rapid river. ‎ 那条船任由湍急的河流摆布。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】even though和even if引导让步状语从句时的区别：‎ ‎① even if 引导的从句是往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”；就算；哪怕”，所以可用于虚拟语气。‎ Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it. ‎ 就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定钱就是他偷的。‎ I would have married her even if she had been penniless. ‎ 即使她身无分文，我也会和她结婚。‎ ‎②而even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的，相当于汉语的 “尽管；虽然”。 ‎ He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。‎ Even though I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a nice time. ‎ 尽管这次聚会上我谁也不认识，我也玩得挺痛快。‎ ‎③不过，在实际语言运用中，even if与even though有时也可不加区别地混用。‎ Even if / Even though she laughs at him, he likes her. ‎ 尽管她嘲笑他，他还是很喜欢她。‎ ‎150. A few varieties, however, can kill humans, so it is just as well that snakes are very shy and usually attack only if they are disturbed and feel threatened. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】不过，还是有少数几种蛇能致人于死地。好在蛇都胆小怕事，通常只在被打搅和感到有威胁时才会出击。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 该句的主干是一个由so连接的并列句。第二个分句是由it做形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。that从句中的谓语动词attack又带有自己的条件状语从句，由if引导。‎ ‎【词语点拨】just as well adj.幸好；无妨 It is just as well that you took another road. ‎ 幸好你们走了另一条路。‎ ‎【语法点拨】在英语当中常用it作形式主语，而把真正做主语的从句、不定式、动名词短语等放在后面以达到平衡句子结构的目的。如：‎ It happened that I had no money on me. ‎ 碰巧我身上没带钱。‎ It is foolish of you to give up such a good chance. ‎ 你放弃这样一个好机会真蠢。‎ It is no good/ no use telling him that. ‎ 告诉他那件事一点作用都没有。‎ ‎151. This crocodile moves very quickly when it sees something it considers to be food, and from time to time a crocodile has snatched someone before he or she is even aware that the crocodile is there. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当这种鳄鱼看到某个东西并认为是食物的时候，它就会迅速行动，就这样时常捕获那些还未来得及察觉到鳄鱼的人。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】整个句子的主干是and连接的两个并列分句。第一分句中含有when 引导的时间状语从句，而状语从句也是复合句，包含一个省略了引导词that的 定语从句，来修饰something。而第二分句中含有before引导的时间状语从句，‎ 在时间状语从句中形容词aware后接that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) from time to time adv.有时；不时 The temper gets the best of him from time to time. ‎ 他有时控制不住脾气。‎ ‎2) snatch n.抢夺 v.夺取；抓住；抓取（粗暴、突然、不礼貌，强调动作）‎ The thief made a snatch at the woman's purse. ‎ 小偷试图抢夺那女的钱包。 ‎ He snatched up his gun and fired. ‎ 他突然拿起枪来射击。‎ ‎【语法点拨】英语中宾语从句一般是在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语，如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make，find，see，hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。但是，某些作表语的形容词，如sure，happy，glad，aware，certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。如：‎ You know that I have been busy decorating my new house these days. ‎ 你知道我最近这些日子一直忙着新房的装修。‎ I find it my duty that I should offer you my help. ‎ 我觉得帮助你是我的职责。‎ I am sure that he will come to help us. ‎ 我敢肯定他一定会来帮我们的。‎ ‎152. Organizations and individuals advertise because they want to persuade people to behave in certain ways, for example to buy a certain brand of rice, stop speeding or see a movie at their cinema. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】组织和个人都作广告，因为他们都想说服别人按某种方式来行事，‎ 例如要你买某个牌子的大米，或者要你停止高速驾车或在他们的电影院里看一 场电影。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句主干是主句和because引导的原因状语从句。而句中for ‎ example后有三个不定式短语来解释to behave in certain ways，即to buy…, to ‎ stop…, to see…，但后两个中的不定式符号to在and或or连接的情况省略了。‎ ‎【词语点拨】certain adj.肯定的；某个；特定的 ‎ It's certain that every effect must have a cause. ‎ 无疑，每个结果必定有其原因。 ‎ To a certain extent, I'm in favor of your project. ‎ 在一定程度上，我赞成你的方案。‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列不定式省略to的情况：由并列连词and，except, but, than, or 连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。如：‎ He told me to stay there and wait for him. ‎ 他叫我在那儿等他。‎ 注意：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略to。如：‎ To try and fail is better than not to try at all. ‎ 尝试而失败总比根本不尝试好。‎ ‎153. When it comes to advertising, consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当说到广告时，消费者需要了解广告商所使用的伎俩，这样他们才能对各种广告主张做出自己的判断，而不致于盲目地接受广告中所说的一切。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的主干是when引导的时间状语从句（也可以看成是插入语）‎ 和主句。而主句又是一个复合句，含有so引导的目的状语从句，其谓语部分有 两个：can judge和（can）not accept。而accept的宾语everything又带有自己的 定语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】claim n. / vt.要求；主张；断言；声称要求 Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident? 出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？‎ The government would not even consider his claim for money. ‎ 政府甚至不会考虑他的赔款要求。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】当先行词具备下列特征时，定语从句要用that不用which引导：①不定代词all，little，the one，something，none等; ②被no，any，every，some，all，much，little等修饰; ③是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰; ④既指人又指物。如：‎ Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?‎ 你还有什么要替自己辩解的吗？‎ This is the best film that I have ever seen. ‎ 这是我看到过的最好的电影。‎ We all became very excited when we talked about the things and persons that we could still remember about our college life.‎ 当我们说到还能记得的大学生活当中的那些人和事儿时，我们都变得激动起来。‎ ‎154. They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他们没有看到有人在社会上成功，因此他们想不到他们自己可以 干出些成就。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是由so连接的一个并列句。第二分句中it为形式主语，代替 后面的真正主语从句that…以起到平衡句子结构的作用。‎ ‎【词语点拨】succeed v.成功（~ in + n./v -ing）；继承；接着发生 If you work hard you will succeed. ‎ 如果你努力工作，你就会成功。 ‎ We succeeded in repairing the engine. ‎ 我们成功地修好了发动机。 ‎ The war ended and a long peace succeeded. ‎ 战争结束之后紧接着是长期的和平。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】在表示“某人突然想到……”时，英文中常用含有it的句式：It occurs to sb. that… = It strikes/ hits sb. that…，其中的that引导主语从句。如：‎ It (suddenly) occurred to me that I had met him somewhere.‎ 我突然想起在什么地方见过他。‎ ‎155. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我们轻易地被减肥产品的承诺和潜在可能性所吸引，以致于我们不去想减肥产品会对我们有什么作用。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个由so…that连接的主从复合句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】diet n.食物；规定饮食 v.节食；照规定饮食 The doctor says I’ve got to go on a diet. ‎ 医生说我得节食。 ‎ You ought to diet and take more exercise. ‎ 你应该节食并多做运动。‎ ‎【语法点拨】so…that作“如此……以至于”解，连接一个结果状语从句。so后面一般接形容词或副词，但如果一个名词的前面有many、much、few、little等表示“多、少”的单个形容词来修饰该名词，也要用so。如：‎ He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. ‎ 他跑得如此之快以至于没人能追上他。‎ He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. ‎ 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。‎ ‎156. It’s not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】这不是现在由父母能容易完成的事情，因为生活更难理解或处理，‎ 但是分享兴趣确实使为人父母更有意思了。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】句子的主干是一个but连接的并列句。而第一分句是复合句，由主句+ because引导的原因状语从句构成。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) accomplish vt.完成；实现 I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. ‎ 在过去几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。‎ ‎2) fun n.乐趣；玩笑 adj.有趣的 fun是不可数名词,没有复数形式,也不可加不定冠词,其后可接(in) v-ing。 ‎ I'm learning to cook, just for the fun of it. ‎ 我正在学做饭，做著玩儿而已。 ‎ Swimming in the sea is great fun. ‎ 在海里游泳很好玩。‎ We had great fun in chatting with each other. ‎ 我们彼此聊得很开心。‎ ‎【语法点拨】强调句型“It is/was +被强调成分+that +句子剩余成分”可以用来对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调来加强语气和表达效果，但是不能对谓语动词进行强调，这时要用do, does 和did+动词原形, 常译为“确实,一定，务必”。对谓语动词的强调有两个条件：首先，句子的时态为一般现在或者一般过去时。‎ 其次，只有肯定句才能使用这种强调词。如：‎ Do remember to write to me. ‎ 一定记得给我写信啊。‎ He does like rafting. ‎ 他的确喜欢漂流。‎ I did call you last night, believe it or not.‎ 我昨天晚上确实给你打电话了， 信不信由你。‎ ‎157. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当话题谈到既要和老板通电话，同时还要做饭、看孩子时，每次都是女性身先士卒。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】逗号以前是when引导的时间状语从句，逗号后面是一个对主语进行强调的强调句式。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) keep an eye on v.留意；照看 ‎ We want guests to keep an eye on their behavior all the time. 我们希望客人们时刻留意自己的举止。 ‎ ‎2) come out vi.出现；出版；结果是 come out on top 成功 (战胜困难；居首)‎ That magazine comes out once a month. ‎ 那个杂志每月出一期 Please tell me how the voting came out. ‎ 请告诉我选举结果如何。‎ ‎【语法点拨】强调句型由“It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他成分”构成。用来强调话语中的某个成分，被强调的成分可以是主语，宾语，状语，但不可以是谓语或定语。去掉It is/was…that…之后，剩余的部分必须是一个完整的句子结构。强调人时可用who/whom，强调其他任何部分用that。如：‎ It is I that/who am right. ‎ 正确的人是我。‎ It was a foreigner that/whom we met at the school gate. ‎ 我们在校门口遇见的是一位老外。‎ It was in the supermarket that Tom lost his wallet. ‎ ‎#汤姆是在超市里丢的钱包。‎ It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work. ‎ 她没去上班是因为妈妈病了。‎ ‎158. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】随着名人在市场变得越来越有经验，他们迅速扩大他们的产品规模，几乎包含了日常生活中的所有产品。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个复合句。时间状语从句由as引导放在句首，主句后有一个现在分词短语作expand的结果状语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) expand v.使 …… 膨胀；详述；扩张；增加 Metals expand when they are heated. ‎ 金属遇热则膨胀。 ‎ Would you expand upon the matter a little further? ‎ 请你详谈一下这件事好吗? ‎ ‎2) scale n.刻度；等级，规模；天枰；鳞状物 v.按比例决定；称重；剥落 ‎ How much does it read on the scale? ‎ 刻度显示的是多少? ‎ The company has begun to scale down its operations in Asia. ‎ 这家公司已开始减少在亚洲的业务。‎ ‎【语法点拨】现在分词与动词不定式一样，都可以放在句子后面作结果状语，并且常有逗号与前面分开，但表达的意思不同。现在分词短语表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。有时为了强调，可以在不定式短语前加only。如：‎ He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.‎ 他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。(直接结果，意料中的结果)‎ He watered the flowers in the garden more often, only to make things worse.他更为经常地给花园里的花浇水，结果反而更糟。(未曾预料到的结果)‎ ‎159. As we all know, however good an advertisement is, people are unlikely to be persuaded if the product is unsuitable for them. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我们都知道，无论广告制作得多好，如果产品不合适，也不可能使人信服。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的结构为主从复合句，位于句首的是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，它的主句也是一个较为复杂的复合句，该复合句的主句是people are unlikely…，从句有两个：①由however引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter how…，②if引导的条件状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】likely adj.可能的 adv.很可能 ‎ You'll most likely see the animals at twilight. ‎ 黄昏时你很可能会看到这些动物。‎ 反义词：unlikely adj.不太可能的 adv.不太可能 The superpowers are unlikely to disarm completely. ‎ 超级大国不可能彻底裁军。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】no matter + 疑问词（what，who，which，when）与疑问词+ -ever（whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever）都可以引导让步状语从句，可以互换。但当引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）时，只能用疑问词+ -ever（what，who，which，when等）。如：‎ However (= No matter how) pure the water looks, I do not want to drink it.‎ 无论这水看上去多么纯净，我都不想喝它。‎ 下面句子不能用no matter结构（no matter不能引导名词性从句）：‎ Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize.（主语从句）‎ 谁第一个返回，谁就该赢这个奖。‎ ‎160. Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of analysis---luckily for us. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答案，但是现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题---这对我们来说很幸运。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是由although引导的让步状语从句和后面的主句组成的复合句。从句中谓语动词are more accustomed to接两个v-ing形式由and连接起来。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) accustomed to习惯于（做）某事（~ to +名词/动名词）‎ You will soon get accustomed to the climate here. ‎ 你会很快习惯这里的气候的。 ‎ ‎2) analysis n.分析；解析 analyze v.分析；解析 We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. ‎ 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。‎ ‎【语法点拨】在英语中有很多易混点，比如说“to”，它有时是介词，有时是不定式符号，故需要牢牢记住跟它有关的固定短语。在以下的词组中to都是介词，后面要接名词活动名词作宾语，千万不能接动词原形：be / get / become used to习惯于，devote oneself to献身于；专心于，get down to着手做，look forward to盼望，make contributions to对…作贡献，apply oneself to致力于，come close to几乎，when it comes to…谈到……时，on one’s way to 在去某处的路上；在达成某事的过程中，put one’s mind to全神贯注于，be addicted to 沉溺于；对……上瘾等等。如： ‎ He has devoted his life to helping disabled people. ‎ 他一生献身于帮助残疾人。‎ It’s time I got down to some serious work. ‎ 我该认真干点正事了。‎ We are so much looking forward to seeing you again. ‎ 我们非常盼望再见到你。‎ She is quite used to working hard. ‎ 她很习惯做艰苦的工作。‎ ‎161. We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we don’t know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得我们不是什么都懂，‎ 将来也不会什么都懂，因为如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着一个毫无疑问的世 界。‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是for连接的并列句。第一个分句的主干是We need to thank… for …，to know that…做the wisdom的定语。而第二个分句中的that代上文的we don’t know it all and probably never will，谓语部分是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) wisdom n.智慧；明智；聪明；至理名言 She had acquired much wisdom during her long life. ‎ 她一生积累了很大的智慧。 ‎ ‎2) probably adv.大概；或许；很可能 That hotel probably costs no less than 20 dollars a night. 那间旅馆的住宿费一晚大约要20元。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so，for，then，therefore等。并列连词for引导的分句只能放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开，表示补充说明的微弱理由，只是为前面的内容提供判断的理由。这与because不同，because引导的是一种明确的因果关系，解释原因，常可回答why的提问。如：‎ The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying.‎ 这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼快死了。‎ The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.‎ 树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。‎ ‎162. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】尽管顾客可能会因天气、无人认领的行李和技术问题造成的延误 而生气，但是激烈的竞争已经让他们深信让顾客高兴是一个重要的营销手段。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是由while连接的并列句。第一个分句中that引导convinced的宾语从句；第二个分句是个there be句型，主语是potential。‎ ‎【词语点拨】unclaimed adj.无人认领的；无人要求的；所有主不明的 Unclaimed baggage will be sold by auction after six months. 无人领取的行李将在6个月后予以拍卖。‎ ‎【语法点拨】表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, still, while等。如：‎ The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.‎ 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖。‎ I explained twice, still he couldn't understand.‎ 我解释了两遍，然而他却还不懂。‎ ‎163. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后，当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个主从复合句，主句的谓语动词是think，其宾语从句引导词that被省去。实际上该宾语从句也是一个复合句，when引导定语从句修饰an unexpected incident。‎ ‎【词语点拨】incident n.事变；事件；插曲 She couldn't erase the incident from her memory. ‎ 她难以忘记那次事件。‎ ‎【语法点拨】‎ 关系副词when的用法：主要用于修饰表示时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语，先行词可能是time，day，year等明显表示时间的名词，也可以是一些表示较为隐性的时间名词，如occasion，incident，class等。如：There comes a time when you have to make a choice. ‎ 你必须作抉择的时候到了。‎ Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. ‎ 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。‎ There were several occasions when I had the same feeling as you. ‎ 曾经有几次我跟你一样也有这样的感受。‎ ‎164. When you arrive you are rewarded not only by the sight of the crystal clear waters of the Lake‎ of ‎Heaven, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks that surround Tianchi. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】你一到达山顶就会得到回报---你不仅可以看到天池那清澈如镜的湖水, 而且还可以看到天池周围的16座山峰。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】整句的主句是一个含有被动语态You are rewarded的句子，其中not only…but also…连接两个by…短语。句首的when引导的是主句时间状语从句，而句尾的由that引导的定语从句修饰mountain peaks。‎ ‎【词语点拨】reward n.报答；赏金；报酬 vt.奖赏；给 ... 报酬；具体用法参见第84句。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…的用法：用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。若连接两个句子，not only后面的句子要用倒装，但but also不用倒装。如：‎ She not only plays well, but also writes music. ‎ 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。‎ Not only you but also he has to leave. ‎ 不只是你，他也得离开。‎ Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. ‎ 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。‎ ‎165. If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake‎ of ‎Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear, blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池, 别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈碧 蓝的水中, 以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚持久。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 该句是由if引导的条件状语从句和作主句的祈使句连接在一起。if从句中的不定式作enough的结果状语；主句句尾的to guarantee…是drop的目的状语，其中还含有一个as…as…的结构。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) guarantee n.保证(书)；担保(人)；抵押品 vt.保证；担保 ‎ I guarantee that this will not happen again. ‎ 我保证此类事情不会再发生 ‎2) lasting adj.永恒的；永久的 This agreement will pave the way for a lasting peace. ‎ 该协议将为持久和平铺路。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】动词不定式在句子中可作原因状语、结果状语和目的状语。作原因状语往往用于形容词后，这些形容词有happy, ashamed, sorry, glad，delighted, angry, discouraged, shocked等；作目的状语置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子隔开；如果置于句末，前面则不用句号。作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+ so to，such+名词+ as to，too ... to，enough to ..等结构。也可与only或just连用，表示出乎意料的结果。如：‎ He got nearer to see clearly.‎ 为了看清楚，他靠得更近了些。‎ To improve their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.‎ 为了改进服务，这个宾馆的工作人员积极学习英语。‎ The boy is not tall enough to reach the bookshelf. ‎ 这个男孩不够高，够不到书架。‎ They were proud to have found the cave paintings. ‎ 找到洞穴壁画他们很骄傲。‎ ‎166. One day as he was experimenting with one end of a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.‎ ‎【句式翻译】有一天做实验时, 贝尔把一根干草的一端和一个聋子的耳鼓膜连接起来, 把干草的另一端和一块被烟熏过的玻璃连接起来，这时他发现当他对着耳朵说话时, 这根干草就把声波画在被烟熏过的玻璃上。‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的主句是Bell noticed that…，从句是as引导的时间状语从句。主句中that引导的宾语从句又是一个复合句，由when引导的时间状语从句和后面的主句共同构成。而在句首的as引导的时间状语从句中，还含有两个“with + 宾语+宾补（过去分词）”的结构，且第二个结构中the other前面省略了with，后面省略了joined。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) experiment with 用... ...作试验；试用 Small businesses are anxious to experiment with computers. 小型企业都急于试用计算机。‎ ‎2) join to 和...接触；与...相连 Our house is joined to Mr. Su's. ‎ 我们的房子和苏先生的房子相连。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】with复合结构是由“with + 宾语+宾补”构成，宾语由名词或代词充当，宾补由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或过去分词充当。在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。With结构在句中也可以作定语。without也可以用于该结构。如：‎ She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. ‎ 她走进房间，因为寒冷鼻子通红。‎ She fell asleep with the light burning. ‎ 她睡着了，灯还亮着。‎ Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.‎ 橱柜里什么也没剩，所以她出去找吃的了。‎ ‎167. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】快到目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个由when连接的并列句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】arrest vt.逮捕；阻止；吸引（注意力）n.拘留；阻止 The police arrested the thief. ‎ 警察逮捕了小偷。‎ The great noise arrested his attention from the book.‎ 挺大的动静把他的注意力从书本上给吸引走了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】when作并列连词, 表示“就在此刻(and just then)” , “突然(and suddenly)”，起修辞的作用，表示后一动作的发生的出乎意料，而前面一句是为后一句谓语动词的发生提供背景。注意以下几个句子中when前后两个分句中的时态特征及汉语意思。如：‎ She was about to say something when she noticed the sullen look on his face． ‎ 她刚要说些什么，却突然看到了他阴沉的脸色。 ‎ The children were playing football on the playground, when it began to rain． ‎ 孩子们正在操场上踢足球，突然下起了大雨。 ‎ I had hardly gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang． ‎ 在劳累了一天之后, 我刚要上床睡觉，这时电话响了。 ‎ ‎168. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力，我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争，才能让科学在将来最好地服务于人类。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句为并列句，由and连接起来，而句首的only…做方式状语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】effort n.努力；努力的成果 They are making every effort to decrease the production cost. 他们正尽力减少生产成本。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】副词only置于句首，强调方式、条件、地点、时间等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。如果被only所强调的状语为从句，该从句不倒装，只对主句进行倒装。如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时，该句不用倒装。如：‎ Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair. ‎ 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。‎ Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. ‎ 只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候， 我们才意识到出了一个错。‎ Only John can save me. ‎ 只有约翰能够救我。（强调的是主语，不到装）‎ ‎169. Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】要是当时我的邻居以同情的语气告知我暴雨要来临的话，我会很 感激他的提醒的。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个主从复合句，但从句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，引导词if被省去而将had提至句首。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) sympathy n.同情；同情心；同感 I felt much sympathy for the blind. 我对盲人深感同情。 ‎ ‎2) appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识；感激；领会 ‎ I would appreciate it if you could reply soon. 如若你能及时回信我将不胜感激。‎ ‎【语法点拨】当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，将were, should, had置于句首，多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. ‎ 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 ‎ Were she here, she would agree with us. ‎ 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 ‎ Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. ‎ 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。‎ ‎170. No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night’s sleep. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他们刚一搬进去噪音就开始了，因此他们几乎没睡过个囫囵觉。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是由and连接的两个并列分句，都采用了部分倒装的语序。‎ ‎【词语点拨】rarely adv.很少；难得 She rarely went anywhere except to her office. ‎ 她除了办公室很少去别的地方。‎ ‎【语法点拨】英语中否定词放句首要采用部分倒装的语序。常见否定词有：rarely，hardly，never，neither，nor，seldom等副词，以及表示否定意义的词组at no time，in no case，under no circumstances等，意思是“很少地”“及几乎从不”。 如：Rarely did he fail to keep his promise. ‎ 他真的很少失信于人。‎ Hardly had I got to the office when the boss called me to see him upstairs.‎ 我刚到办公室，老板就喊我到楼上去见他。‎ ‎171. Not only did Fortune introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000 tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】福琼不仅把120种植物引入西方园林，而且还把两万株茶树用船 从上海运到了印度，印度的制茶工业就成功地发展起来了。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的主干是not only…but also… 连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有倒装语序，第二个分句是一个复合句，主句在前，where引导的定语从句在后，其先行词是where。‎ ‎【词语点拨】species n.（单复同形）物种；种类 There are more than 1,000 alien species in China. ‎ 中国的外来物种有1000多种。‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。‎ ‎172. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing.‎ ‎【句式翻译】那种无它可选、轻松购物的日子一去不复返了。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】此句是复合句，其主句是倒装句，为主系表结构。表语the days由when引导的定语从句来修饰。‎ ‎【词语点拨】with ease 容易地；不费力地 They might have solved the problem with ease. ‎ 他们本来可以容易地解决这个问题。‎ ‎【语法点拨】有时英语中由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，要将谓语动词完全移到主语前，进行完全倒装。常见句式有“there be+主语”、“副词here，there，now，then，up，down，out，in，away +谓语动词+主语”、“表语+连系动词+主语”（表语常为形容词、过去分词或介词短语）等。如：‎ There are 20 women waiting outside the hospital. ‎ 有20个女的等在医院外面。‎ Out rushed the boy, gun in hand. ‎ 这个孩子冲了出来，手里拿着枪。‎ Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.‎ 它们可以对中国人为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。‎ ‎173. Not only will a lodger earn you an income, but also, thanks to the government- backed “rent a room” program, you won’t have to pay any tax on the first￡4500 you make per year. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】不但房客会让你赚到钱，而且由于政府支持的租房项目，每年你首次挣的￡4500均不需要缴税。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句主干是一个由not only…but also…连接的并列句。第二个分句是一个复合句，其中介词短语thanks to…做原因状语，the first￡4500又有自己的定语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) earn vt.赚得；赢得；获得 He works hard, but he does not earn much money. ‎ 他工作努力，但赚钱不多。 ‎ ‎2) back vt.支持；后退 I'll back you up no matter what's happening. ‎ 不论发生什么事,我都会支持你。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。‎ ‎174. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB (Library of Birmingham), but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】公众不但能够了解伯明翰图书馆，而且虚拟的图书馆使得在图书馆工作人员在它开放前就了解它和它的工作原理。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句主干是一个由not only…but also…连接 的并列句。第二个分句是一个复合句，how引导的从句和the building共同充当understand的宾语。另外，understand还有一个before引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) virtual adj.实质的；【计】虚拟的 A virtual state of war exists between the two countries. ‎ 这两国间实际上处于战争状态。‎ ‎2) enable vt.使能够；使可能 Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. ‎ 听音乐能使我们放松。‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列连词not only…but also…若连接两个句子，not only所在的句子要用倒装。具体用法参见第164句。‎ ‎175. The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer — people with fair skin and freckles, for example — are more likely to use sunscreen.　　 ‎ ‎【句式翻译】研究员们说，早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌的人—比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人—更有可能使用防晒剂。‎ ‎【句式分析】句子的主体结构为复合句。主句The research said that…中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构的复合句，that they often fail ...是主语从句，表语为among the problems with ...。在第二个that引导的从句中又含有一个复合句，谓语take into account的后面接的是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，其主干是those people…are more likely to…，破折号间为插入语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) take into account vt.考虑；注意；顾及；体谅 ‎ There are a number of practical considerations that must be taken into account. 有许多现实的情况必须要顾及到。‎ ‎2) at risk for 面临……的风险；具体用法参见第122句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】宾语从句的引导词that一般可以被省略，但在下列几种情况下，一般不省：介词后、有两个及以上从句时、谓语与that之间有插入语、或有其他从属连词时。如：‎ Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. ‎ 彼得是好学生，只是有时粗心。‎ My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿工作已二十年了，下个月即将退休。‎ He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. ‎ 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭的。‎ He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. ‎ 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。　　‎ ‎176. It was not until November 13, 1956 that the US Supreme Court declared separation on buses was not constitutional. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】直到1956年11月13号，美国最高法院才判定公交车上的种族 隔离不合宪法。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】这是一个含有强调句式的复合句。被强调的是主句的谓语动词declared的时间状语，被放在了It was…that之间。that后面接的是句子的主干部分和省略了引导词that的从句，作declared的宾语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】declare v.宣布（声明）；申报；声明 Britain‎ declared war on Germany in 1914. ‎ 英国在1914年向德国宣战。‎ ‎【语法点拨】that引导动词的宾语从句时一般可省。具体用法参见第175句。‎ ‎177. We all want to honor our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我们都想为自己的名字争光，而要赋予我们的言论以尊严, 唯一 的途径就是用名字为我们发表的意见加盖印章。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是由and连接的并列句。第二分句是强调句型，被强调的是方式状语，位于it is…that…之间；在that后面的其余成分中，含有一个复合句，主句we honor带有宾语从句what we say。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) honor n.荣誉；荣幸；尊敬 vt.尊敬；使荣幸；兑现 ‎ I consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner. ‎ 我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。 ‎ Would you honor me by dining with me tonight? ‎ 今晚你能赏光与我共进晚餐吗？ ‎ ‎2) stamp with v.把……印在…上;给……做标记 You can stamp your life with hard work. 你可以用勤奋注释你的人生。‎ ‎【语法点拨】强调句型的结构是“It is (was) +强调部分+that (who) +句子的其余部分”，其中it无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：‎ ‎①去掉强调结构It is (was) … that (who)…后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。 ‎ ‎②如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。 ‎ ‎③强调句型的否定句是Is (Was) it…that (who)…？疑问句形式是疑问词+is (Was) it…that (who)…？‎ ‎④强调句型的时态和谓语动词时态问题要格外注意。强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用It is…, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：‎ It is I who/ that am an English teacher. ‎ 我才是英语老师。‎ It is the boy who/ that speaks English best in the class. ‎ 班里英语讲得最好的就是这个男孩。‎ It was on Sunday that he gave George this ticket. ‎ 就是在周日那天他给了乔治这张票。‎ It is the little girl who/ that has broken the glass. ‎ 就是这个小女孩把玻璃打碎的。 ‎ ‎178. Yang Ming hates being called an alcoholic, but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upset him most. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】杨明讨厌被人叫做酒鬼，但是让他感到最为伤心的还是人们将他的音乐归类为噪音这个事实。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句主干部分是一个由but连接的并列句，第一分句是简单句，谓语动词hate后接动名词的被动语态作宾语；第二分句是复合句，主句的主语the fact后有一个同位语从句that people have…。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) alcoholic adj.含酒精的；酗酒的 n.酗酒者 ‎ Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body. ‎ 含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。‎ ‎2) classify…as v.将... ...归类 Would you classify her novels as serious literature or other? ‎ 你认为她的小说属于文学类还是其它类?‎ ‎【语法点拨】强调句型可以对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。具体用法参见第177句。‎ ‎179. They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression, as they offer the travellers a rare view into China’s past. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他们特意来看长城和故宫的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】全句的主干是由but连接的并列句，第二分句是一个复合句，句中既有强调主句主语的强调句型，又有as引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) sight n.视力；看见；视线；景物 ‎ It didn't take long before I lost sight of the plane. ‎ 没多久,飞机就在我的视线中消失了。‎ ‎2) impression n.印象；感觉 Her gentleness has given me a deep impression. 她的亲切给我留下了很深印象。‎ ‎【语法点拨】对句子的主语强调时，要注意强调句型中的主谓一致问题。具体用法参见第177句。‎ ‎180. It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】就在那是我认识到实际上我不是来帮助他人，而是了解和体验另 一种文化，这有助于提高我对生活和世界的理解。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是个含有强调句型的复合句，被强调的是时间状语then。主句的谓语realized后面有that引导的宾语从句，其中含有两个并列不定式not come to… but to …。而宾语从句中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰culture，关系代词that在从句中作主语，不可被省略。‎ ‎【词语点拨】experience n.经验；经历 v.经历；体验；感受；具体用法参见第101句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】并列不定式中的to有时不可省略。具体用法参见第152句。‎ ‎181. Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better． ‎ ‎【句式翻译】噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量，而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。‎ ‎【句式分析】这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句，代替整个上文的内容。非限制性定语从句的两个谓语动词是一个由not only…but also …连接的并列结构。‎ ‎【词语点拨】reduce v.减少；缩小；使落魄；简化；还原 The new government's prime task is to reduce the level of inflation. 新政府的首要任务是降低通货膨胀的水平。 ‎ We need to reduce our dependence on oil as a source of energy. 在能源方面,我们需要减少对石油的依赖。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”：‎ ‎①通常不能用that引导。如：‎ I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 ‎ ‎②不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。如：‎ I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. ‎ 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。 ‎ ‎③不能用which引导从句置于句首。如：‎ She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. ‎ 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 ‎ ‎④由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如：‎ I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat down reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐下看报纸。 ‎ ‎⑤指人的关系代词作宾语时，只用宾格whom; 不用who替换，也不能省。如： ‎ Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? ‎ 我们谈到过他。‎ ‎182. However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】但是，与其说是建筑和物品，倒不如说是那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓像，使得这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句中的主语是被强调部分，它带有自己的定语从句，由who引导。除采用强调句型来强调主语外，该句还用了more than来加重对the forms of the people who…的强调语气。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) be caught in v.陷入；卷入；遭遇（困难、不幸）‎ We were caught in the storm and got wet through. ‎ 我们遇上大雨全都被浇透了。‎ ‎2) monument n.给某人树立的纪念碑 They raised a monument to the national hero. ‎ 他们为那位民族英雄树了纪念碑。‎ ‎【语法点拨】more…than…的三个用法：①“比……更多”，more为many或much的比较级，表示数量，后接名词。如：‎ I made more mistakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。‎ ‎②“比…更”，more后接多音节形容词或副词，构成比较级，对两者比较。如：‎ Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving. ‎ 乘火车旅行比开汽车轻松得多。‎ ‎③“与其说……不如说”，不是对两个对象进行比较，而是对同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用more…than…。如：‎ He is more lucky than clever. ‎ 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。‎ He is more (a) scholar than (a) teacher. ‎ 与其说他是位教师，不如说是位学者。‎ ‎183. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了，但是更大批量的中国 移民却是在19世纪60年代为修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一复合句，although引导的让步状语从句在前，而逗号后面的主句是一个强调句，对句子的主语进行强调。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) immigrant n.移民（强调“到某国定居”，其后常接介词in）‎ California‎ has many immigrants from other states. ‎ 加利福尼亚有许多来自其他州的移民。‎ 对比：emigrant n.移民（强调“从某国离去”，其后常接介词from）‎ A ship full of emigrants will soon leave for Canada. 一条载满移居外国者的船很快就要开往加拿大了。‎ ‎【语法点拨】运用强调句型时要注意时态问题。具体用法参见第177句。‎ ‎184. You must be aware that it is here that we found the evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】你们想必都很清楚, 正是在这个地方, 我们找到了居住在世界上 这个部分最早人类的证据。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一复合句，主句You must be aware that…中的that引导的是it is here…that…of the world这一含有强调句型的宾语从句，其中还有who引导的定语从句修饰people。‎ ‎【词语点拨】evidence n.证据；证词；根据；迹象 v.证明；证实 There wasn't enough evidence to prove his guilt. ‎ 没有充分的证据能证明他有罪。‎ ‎【语法点拨】强调句型如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。如：‎ It was in the People’s Park that I met the old couple taking photos of flowers.‎ 正是在人民公园里我遇到了那对正在给花拍照的老夫妇。‎ ‎185. Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-storey car parks, drive-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to suit the needs of car owners.‎ ‎【句式翻译】在美国无论你去哪儿，你都能发现高速公路、多层停车场、汽车影院、甲车通过式快餐店，所有这些都是为了满足开车人的需求。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，主句是you can find…，从句是句首的Wherever you go…作让步状语，主句后还有一个被逗号分隔开来的独立主格结构作状语。‎ ‎【词语点拨】suit the needs of v.满足某人的需求 We must try to suit /meet / satisfy the needs of the ordinary consumers. ‎ 我们一定要设法满足普通消费者的要求。‎ ‎【语法点拨】独立主格结构，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，而是由具有逻辑主谓关系的两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。如：‎ His homework having been finished, he went home. ‎ 作业完成后，他回家了。 ‎ The baby fell from the bed, blood coming down from his face, crying loudly. ‎ 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。‎ ‎186. It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being held up in the water by Old Tom. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】我们花了半个小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水里托着詹姆斯。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句的主干是由and连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有it took (sb) some time to do…句式，第二分句含有when引导的时间状语从句来表示主句I saw…的发生时间。‎ ‎【词语点拨】hold …up 举起；支撑；阻挡；抢劫 The train was held up by heavy fog. ‎ 火车因大雾而受阻。‎ ‎【语法点拨】It took (sb) some time to do…这个句型是表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”, 主语是物。这里的“it”是形式主语，“to do …”才是真正的主语。take后面除了加一段时间外，还可以加表示“精力、力气、勇气”等名词。‎ 如果是表示花费的金钱、牺牲的健康等含义，要用动词cost。如：‎ It took me 20 minutes to read the book. ‎ 读这本书花了我20分钟的时间。‎ It cost us 450,000 yuan to buy this large house. ‎ 买这套房花了我们45万元钱。‎ ‎187. They realize that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is --- most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】他们意识到，与产品相关联的理念多么吸引人并不重要 ---多数 人都知道广告的主要目的就是让消费者花钱。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一复合句，第一个that引导realize的宾语从句，该宾语从句中含有一个由it做形式主语代替真正的主语how attractive … is。破折号后也是个复合句，起解释的作用，第二个that引导的是know的宾语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】link…to /with 把…连接、联系起来; 具体用法参见第134句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】it做形式主语，除了可以代替动词不定式短语和动名词短语外，还经常代替从句，起到平衡句子结构的作用。常见典型句式有：‎ ① It + be +形容词/名词词组（surprising, a fact, a pity, a question）+主语从句 如：‎ It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. ‎ 很遗憾你没看到那场激动人心的足球赛。‎ ‎② It + be +过去分词（believed, expected, hoped, reported, said等）+主语从句。如：‎ It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. ‎ 据报道有16人在地震中死亡。‎ ‎③ It +不及物动词 (seem, appear, happen等) +主语从句。如：‎ It happened that I was out when he called. 当他打电话时我刚好出去了。‎ ‎188. Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】因此，我们表达想法的初稿居然显得如此简单，这按说并不该让人感到意外。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一个复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语从句由that引导放在表语surprising后面。‎ ‎【词语点拨】attempt v.企图；尝试 n.企图；试图；具体用法参见第8句。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替从句, 具体用法参见第187句。‎ ‎189. It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当我们周围的人考试作弊、对父母撒谎、上班偷窃却侥幸未被发 现时，我们要想诚实需要极大的勇气。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一复合句，由it做形式主语，真正的主语是to be honest; when引导的从句直至句尾，是takes的时间状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】get away with v.侥幸逃脱(惩罚)‎ For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine.‎ 他犯了那么严重的过失,却侥幸只交罚款了事。‎ ‎【语法点拨】it做形式主语，代替动词不定式短语, 具体用法参见第186句。‎ ‎190. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than＄3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】让所有人惊讶的是Hatch夫妇有这么多的钱---300多万美元，而 他们仅仅是住在一对被遗留下来的家庭农场上的一个老房子里的老年夫妇。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是复合句。it做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。破折号后面的也是一个复合句，起解释前文的作用，其中who引导的是couple的定语从句，what引导的是介词on的宾语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) elderly adj.年老的；年长的 Many elderly people live an idle life. ‎ 许多老年人过着悠闲的生活。‎ ‎2) be left of v.被剩下的（主语常是what）‎ She saved what was left of the food for supper. ‎ 她把剩下的食物留作晚餐。‎ ‎【语法点拨】英文中，“the+姓氏的复数”代表一家人或夫妇二人，如the Greens。如果强调的是Green家这个单数概念，谓语动词用单数；反之，如果强调的是Green家的每个人，是复数概念，谓语动词也要用复数，与主语取得一致。如：‎ The Greens are watching TV together. What a happy family the Green is!‎ 格林一家在共同看电视。它们是多么幸福的一个家庭啊！‎ ‎191. Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】乔纳森坚持说，要只是想通过做和放风筝来开心，就没必要做那么大一个给人深刻印象的风筝。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】‎ 该句是复合句。在that引导的宾语从句中由it做形式主语来代替后面的不定式to make a … kite。‎ ‎【词语点拨】insist v.坚持；强调；坚决主张 They insist that I stay there for supper. ‎ 他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。‎ He insisted on paying for the meal. ‎ 他坚持要付饭钱。‎ ‎【语法点拨】当insist表示“坚持说；坚决认为”，接that从句，用陈述语气。从句谓语的动作发生于主句谓语动作前，是陈述已发生的事。当insist表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，接that从句，用虚拟语气。即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。如：‎ She insisted that he was wrong. ‎ 她坚持认为他错了。‎ He insisted that we (should) accept these gifts. ‎ 他一定要我们收下这些礼物。‎ ‎192. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】然而，意识到这些危险是很重要的，因为不管生活方式的选择如何，每个人都要接触到空气污染。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是一复合句。it做形式主语代替to be aware…这个不定式短语放于句首。because引导的是原因状语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】regardless of 不管；不顾 I'll take the job regardless of the pay.‎ 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。‎ ‎【语法点拨】In spite of 和regardless of两个词表示让步，但在语气和意思上有明显差别。In spite of 是表示转折的意思，意为“即使... ...也不.. ....”，是否定语气。regardless of 是表示“无论如何都要...”的意思，是肯定语气。如：‎ He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.‎ 他虽竭尽全力，但仍然未能将那石头搬起来。‎ I shall go regardless of the weather. 我不管天气如何都要去。‎ ‎193. Can you believe that there used to be a consensus in society that opposed the writing of novels by authoresses (女作家)？Clearly this restriction must have operated at a time when there was no equality of opportunity for women. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】你相信从前社会上存在着反对女子写小说的共识吗？很显然，这种限制在妇女没有平等权利的时期肯定会起作用的。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】第一句是一个复合句，既含有that引导的believe的宾语从句，又含有that引导的consensus的同位语从句。第二句也是个复合句，其中的when there was…引导的是time的定语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) consensus n.一致；同意；共识 The two parties have reached a consensus. ‎ 这两个政党达成了一致意见。‎ ‎2) oppose v.反对；对抗；使对立 It was courageous of him to oppose his chief. ‎ 他敢反对他的上司，真是勇敢。‎ ‎【语法点拨】There引导的句子是一种倒装句，表示事物的存在。在there be句型中，there为引导词，无明显的词义，动词be表示“有，存在”的意思，名词做主语，放在谓语动词be的后面，谓语be的形式随主语的单复数变化而变化，并且有各种时态变化。如：‎ Where there is a will, there is a way. ‎ 有志者事竟成。‎ There is a knife and two books on the desk. ‎ 桌上有一把小刀和两本书。‎ There will be a meeting sometime next week. ‎ 下个星期的某个时候要开个会。‎ ‎194. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。‎ ‎【句式分析】该复合句的主干是由but连接的并列成分。but前面是一个复合句there is no doubt that，其中that…做doubt的同位语从句，而but后面主干依然是there is fierce debate over…句型，但较为复杂，over后面有两个宾语从句都由whether引导，被or连接起来，并且第一个whether后面还出现了对句子主语human activity进行强调的强调句型，it无实在意义。而第二个whether中的it是普通的代词，代替the earth is becoming warmer这一现象。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) debate n.辩论；讨论 vt.争论；思考 vi.辩论 After a long debate, the house of commons approved the bill. 经过长时间的辩论，下议院通过了议案。‎ He dared them to debate with him about it. ‎ 他向他们挑战，要他们和他辩论这个问题。‎ ‎2) phenomenon n.现象（其复数形式为phenomena）‎ He believes that there must be a physical explanation for these strange phenomena. 他相信这些奇怪的现象一定可以根据自然规律作出解释。‎ ‎【语法点拨】英文中的it有时是代词，有时是强调句式的构成部分，有时是形式主语或宾语，要根据上下文作出判断。具体用法参见第177,186,187句。‎ ‎195. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills.　‎ ‎【句式翻译】大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。‎ ‎【句式分析】该句包含一个that引导的the fact的同位语从句，在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句来修饰jobs，还有一个while连接的并列句，其中在more women 和speech skills之间省略了take up jobs that require，其结构与上句相同。　　‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) take up 拿起；开始；从事；占去；继续做 ‎ She took up the receiver and began to dial the number. 她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。 ‎ When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language? 你什么时间开始选修日语作为第二语言? ‎ ‎2) require v. 要求；命令；规定 The director required that we should work all night. ‎ 主任要求我们通宵工作。 ‎ ‎【语法点拨】在并列句中，为了避免与第一个分句的相同内容重复，可采用省略谓语，而保留主语和表语或补足语等成分。而在一些并列句中，由于前面已经出现了相同的主语，为了避免重复，后一个分句的主语也常常省略。如：‎ One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and the other white。‎ 木板子的一边应漆成绿色，另一边漆成白色。‎ He came into the classroom, (he) sat down and (he) began to read。‎ 他走进教室，坐下，然后开始朗读。 ‎ ‎196. When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】当救援真的赶来时，我们长长地松了口气，欣喜不已，许多人忍不住流下了眼泪。‎ ‎【句式分析】该复合句中包含有一个when引导的时间状语从句和主句当中存在的such…that结果状语从句。did come是对谓语动词进行强调，翻译成“真 的到来”。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) rescue vt.&n. 营救；援救（有时间上的紧迫性)‎ Had Jim not dived in to rescue him, the boy would have drowned. ‎ 如果不是吉姆跳下水去救，那小孩早就淹死了。‎ ‎2) relief n.减轻；解除；轻松；救济(品)；安慰 relieve v.救济；减轻；解除 The pills gave her some relief. ‎ 药片减轻她一些痛苦。 ‎ This medicine will relieve your headache. ‎ 这药将减轻你的头痛。‎ ‎【语法点拨】 so…that与such… that都连接结果状语从句，作“如此……以致”解，但用法不同。so＋形容词或副词＋that…，而such＋（形容词）名词＋that…。such…that的句型结构大致可分以下三种： ‎ ‎①such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clause 如：He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. ‎ 他非常聪明，大家都喜欢他。 ‎ ‎②such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clause ‎ 如：They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. ‎ 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 ‎ ‎③such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that clause ‎ 如：He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. ‎ 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。 ‎ 注意：如果such后边的名词前由表示“多、少”的四个词many、much、few、little等词所修饰的话，则不用such而用so。如：‎ He had so little education that he was unfit for this job. ‎ 他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。‎ ‎197. You will read more efficiently if you keep in mind the purpose for your reading and then read in a way that will best help you to achieve this purpose. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】如果你记住阅读的目的，并且以帮你实现该目的的最佳方式阅读，那么你的阅读将更加有效。‎ ‎【句式分析】该复合句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，而该条件句中又包含有两个谓语动词keep in mind…和read in a way…。in a way后有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句来修饰先行词way，that在其中作主语，不可省。‎ ‎【词语点拨】keep …in mind 记住；牢记 You should keep in mind what I have said.‎ 我刚才说过的你要记住。‎ ‎【语法点拨】当先行词是way时，后面的定语从句引导词在从句中做状语，可以是in which、that、省略三种形式；如果引导词在从句中做主语或宾语，则可以由which或that充当，并且做宾语时可以省略。如：‎ I don't like the way (in which/ that) you speak to your parents.‎ 我不喜欢你跟你爸妈说话的方式。‎ Can you show me the way (which/ that) you used in your new task?‎ 你能把你在你新任务当中用过的方法告诉我吗？‎ ‎198. As readers, we know that this sentence is not really true but it represents the opinions of all mothers who have daughters to marry. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】作为读者，我们知道这句话并不完全真实，但是它却代表着所有有女儿要出嫁的母亲们的观点。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】该句是个由but连接的并列句，第二分句又是一个复合句，主句 中的of all mothers是宾语opinions的定语，其后是who引导的定语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】represent vt.表现；代表；象征（受委托代表某人、机构办事）；具体用法参见第73句。‎ ‎【语法点拨】…all mothers who have daughters to marry.中：have + 宾语 + to do ‎（不定式作定语，用主动表被动）。不定式做定语时，如果句子的主语是该不 定式的逻辑主语，一般用主动表被动。但如果不是，就要用被动式。如： ‎ He has an important meeting to attend. ‎ 他要参加一个会议。‎ Do you have anything to be taken there? ‎ 你有要别人替你往那儿带的东西吗？‎ ‎199. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didn’t want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只使她开心。 ‎ ‎【句式分析】全句的主干是主语She和由and连接的两个并列谓语动词cried ‎ out …and heard…，在第二个谓语动词后面为一个动词的复合结构heard him ‎ declare，而declare又有两个由that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) declare v.宣布,宣告 I now declare this meeting open. ‎ 我现在宣布会议开幕。‎ ‎2) more than just 不仅仅是 What you gave me was more than just happiness. ‎ 你给予我的不仅仅是幸福。‎ ‎【语法点拨】引导宾语从句时，连词that通常可以省略，尤其是在口语中以及在believe、think、suppose、consider、say、see、know、hear、propose、understand等表心理活动及知觉的动词后。但是若是动词所带的宾语从句有两个或两个以上时，第一个that可以省略，第二个或以后的that不可省。如：‎ I think (that) you’d better check on it right now.‎ 我想你最好现在就核实一下。‎ He suggested (that) we should think twice before we take action and that we should consult an expert. ‎ 他建议我们采取行动前最好三思，并且应该咨询专家。‎ ‎200. In conclusion, we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space but we have come a long way since learning that the Earth is not flat and spins in an orbit around the sun. ‎ ‎【句式翻译】总之，我们现在还只处于探索宇宙的初级阶段，但是自从了解到地球不是平的而是绕着太阳呈椭圆型轨道旋转我们已经取得了长足的进步。‎ ‎【句式分析】全句是一个由but连接的并列句，第二分句中since learning…‎ 做时间状语修饰前面的come，并且learning还带有自己的宾语从句that…‎ ‎【词语点拨】1) in the initial stage 在初始阶段 The novel was still in the initial stage. 这部小说还处在创始阶段。‎ ‎2) come a long way 有很大进步；有很大改进 We've come a long way since those early days of the project. ‎ 这项工作开始以来我们已取得很大进展。‎ ‎【语法点拨】since表示“自从……以来”时的用法： ‎ ‎①接时间点：谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时。如：‎ I have stayed in that country since 1995. ‎ ‎②接时间段+ ago：谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时。如：‎ They have lived in that house since two years ago. ‎ ‎③接时间状语从句：要求：主句的谓语动词是延续性动词的现在完成时；从句的谓语动词是终止性动词的一般过去时。如：‎ I have loved her since I met her last time. ‎ ‎④用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从……以来, 已经……(时间)了”。要求：主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词是终止性动词的一般过去时。如：‎ It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city.‎