小学六年级英语毕业复习资料

小学六年级英语毕业复习资料

小学六年级英语毕业复习资料 一， 词 1， 名词：可数时要注意以O结尾的名字的变化，“黑人英雄在火山下用土豆，西红柿和芒果打蚊子！”（NEGRO，HERO，VOLCANO，POTATO，TOMATO，MOSQUITO）这一类词是加ES，剩余大部分都是加S；‎ 2， 不可数名词中要注意：SHEEP，DEER，FISH是单复同形。‎ 八个国家的人记住口诀，中日两国永不变，英法变A为E。其余都是加S。‎ 八国：Englishman, Frenchman, American, German, Russian, Australian, Italian, Japanese.‎ 常见的不可数名词可以这样来记：金木水火土，肉面布食茶，液体粉末状，皆为不可数。‎ ‎3，名词所有格： 名词所有格，表物是谁的；①‎ ‎ 若为生词词，加‘S即可行，‎ ‎ 词尾有S，仅把‘（逗号）择，‎ ‎ 并列名词后，各自和共有；‎ ‎ 前者分别加，后者最后加；②‎ ‎ 若为无生命词，of 所有格。‎ 解释：1，Jim’s book---吉姆的书。 James’ book---名字后带S了，就直接打逗号。Students’ books.‎ ‎ 2, Tim’s and Jim’s rooms (他们两各自的房间，2个房)‎ ‎ Tim and Jim’s room (他们两共享的房，1个房间)‎ ‎4，冠词：a/an 的考法分为四点；‎ ‎⑴：a, e ,I ,o 元音音素开头的要用AN。‎ ‎⑵：u 分为发/∧/ 时， an umbrella, an ugly boy.‎ ‎ 发/ju:/ 时， a university, useful book.‎ ‎⑶an honest boy/ hour H不发音 ‎⑷F，H，L，M，N，S，X，R 单独拿出来问时，用AN。‎ 如: There is an “H” in the word hair.‎ ‎ There is an “L” in the word lake.‎ The的用法：独旧双方极乐序，姓形山河惯党团。‎ 零冠词的用法：（不用THE的情况）‎ ‎ 人名国名抽象名，复数泛指都加零，‎ ‎ 季月节假日餐球，语言学科运动车。‎ ‎5，形容词和副词的比较级，‎ ‎ 四个句型： Look at the two xx, which one is the bigger of the two?‎ ‎ A is bigger than B.‎ ‎ The bigger A is , the more it eats.‎ ‎ A is getting bigger and bigger.‎ ‎ PS,比较级不能和VERY 连用。‎ ‎6，代词，‎ 注意当多个人称出现的时候要按 第二，第三，第一的顺序排列。‎ ‎ 肯 否 ‎ A few few 可数 ‎ A little little 不可数 Either –两者中任何一个，后接谓语单数。--IS Neither-两者都不，后接单数。‎ Both—两者都，后接复数—are.‎ ‎7，介词 In:年，月，早上，下午，晚上，季节，世纪。‎ On:星期，具体的日期。‎ At:确定的时间点，at night!‎ 一， 时态：‎ 一般现在时： I am a teacher.—Are you a teacher?---I am not a teacher.‎ ‎ She plays it well.---Does she play it well?—she doesn’t play it well.‎ ‎ 时间标志： 总是（always），经常(often), 常常（usually）,有时（sometimes）,每一（every..）, 没标志，星期S（on Mondays）和周末（weekends）‎ 注意动词三单的变化，以及有动词时变否定和疑问要借助动词DO或者DOES。‎ 一般将来时：结构： will do/ be going to do.‎ ‎ She will buy a car next year.—she will not buy a car next year.—will she buy a car next year? –yes,she will./ no, she will not.‎ ‎ I am going to buy a car next year. I am not going to buy a car next year.—are you going to buy a car next year? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.‎ ‎ 时间标志：in +时间段。 Next + 时间。 Tomorrow. From now on.‎ 一般过去时：结构：was/were, did—动词的过去 时 ‎ 动词的变化可以根据直、去、双、改、四个法则；‎ ‎ 直--—直接加ED；去---以字母E结尾的去E加ED；‎ ‎ 双----重读闭音节，双写尾字母再加ED ‎ 改----以辅音加Y结尾的变Y为I加ED。‎ ‎ 时间标志：last+时间，just now, a moment ago, yesterday.‎ 现在进行时：结构am/is/are+ V+ing ‎ 时间标志：Look/listen/at this moment/now/at present 过去进行时：结构was/were + Ving.‎ 现在完成时：结构：have/has + Ved(过去分词)‎ ‎ 标志：1，already(用语肯定句)， yet(否定句)‎ ‎ 2，since(后跟过去的一个时间点) ，for(后跟时间段)‎ 过去完成时：结构：had + Ved ‎ 标志：1，by , before.‎ ‎ 2, 二锅鲜丸。（二---2个动作；锅---都发生在过去；鲜---先发生的动作；丸----先发生的动作要用过去完成时，剩下的是过去时）‎ ‎ 3，主过从过—指的是主句要是用到了过去时，从句也要用过去时，一般为过完。）如：He said that he had seen you before..‎ ‎ He told me that his team had won.‎ 被动语态：首先一定要在记住以上简单时态的结构，再来记这个口诀。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 主动变被动，规则要牢记。‎ ‎ 一般现在时，BE+Ved ‎ Be 词有变化，事态看仔细，‎ ‎ 进行时态时，being 加进去，‎ ‎ 完成时态时，have 要加 been ‎ 将来时有趣， be going to be ‎ 现在变过去， was ,had 来代替，‎ ‎ 情态动词后要加BE，全部要牢记。‎ 三：句型 There be 句型。‎ There be我认为最重要的一个概念： There be是个倒装句型。 例子：There is a cup on the desk = A cup is there on the desk. 由此我们得出以下there be的几个概念： 1.        there不是主语 2.        主语是be后面的名词，并且be的数的变化，是根据be动词后面名词而来的。‎ There is a banana, two apples and three mangoes. 从这两个概念我们来问一系列的问题： 1.        有没有there have的句型： 第一种方法：这个“有”概念，是language transfer引起的。上面的例子：there is a cup on the ‎ desk.中文翻译成：桌子上有一个杯子。 那么，是杯子“存在”在桌子上，还是桌子“拥有”杯子？显然是前者。 第二种方法：我们假设有there have的句型，比如There has a cup on the desk.然后我们把句子恢复正语序：A cup has (there) on the desk.对么？肯定不对。 结论一：没有there have的句型。 there 不可能have什么，桌子也不可能have杯子，so there is no such sentence pattern as ‘there have’。‎ There be 涉及的时态：一般现在时：there is / are ‎ 一般过去时：there was/ were ‎ 一般将来时：there will be / there is going to be ‎ 过去将来时：there would be ‎ 现在完成时：there have/has been ‎ 过去完成时：there had been ‎ 含情态动词：there may/must/can/might/could be ‎ 感叹句： 感叹句并不难，what , how 放句前，‎ ‎ 强调名词用what,其余用how 很简单。‎ ‎ What+ (a/an)+n+主语+谓语！！（记的用叹号）‎ ‎ How+adj/adv+主+谓！‎ 定语从句：‎ ‎1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：　 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) ‎ 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别： ‎ 不用that的情况：‎ a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our ‎ food. 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.　 b)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时，只用that。　  He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. c)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin. d)先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ‎ 小升初英语真题详解 ‎　　1、-----What were you doing at that moment?- ‎ ‎　　 -----I ______ taking to Tom.% ‎ ‎　　A. were B. is C. has been D. was ‎　　2、I have two tennis rackets, so you ______ to buy any.‎ ‎　　A.need B. needn't C don't need D. not need ‎　　第一题解析 ‎　　大家一眼就可以看出来，这道题考察大家对过去进行时的掌握程度。答案不难，是D。借此机会，咱们把过去进行时好好复习一下。‎ ‎　　一、构成方法 ‎　　过去进行时由“was [were]+现在分词”构成。‎ ‎　　二、基本用法 ‎　　主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作：‎ ‎　　He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。‎ ‎　　We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。‎ ‎　　He was playing while I was studying. 我在做功课时他在玩。‎ ‎　　【注】与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可表示称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，如：‎ ‎　　They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。‎ ‎　　三、过去进行时与与一般过去时的区别 ‎　　过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行且尚未完成的动作，而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作：‎ ‎　　I was reading a book last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完) ‎ ‎　　I read a book last night. 我昨晚看了一本书。(已经看完) ‎ ‎　　现在明白了吗？以后在遇见有关过去进行时的题目，就一定会胸有成竹了吧。呵呵，英语就是这么简单，只要你学会随时对学过的知识进行总结，就一定能学好英语。‎ ‎　　第二题详解 ‎　　Need这个动词是英语中的特殊动词，这道题就考查了同学们对need的掌握程度。‎ ‎　　Need既可以作情态动词，也可以作一般的行为动词。例如：‎ ‎　　“他需要休息”可以翻译成：‎ ‎　　He need have a rest.‎ ‎　　He needs to have a rest.‎ ‎　　孩子们看，这两个句子中need分别作什么动词呢？‎ ‎　　如果不太理解“情态动词”、“一般行为动词”的概念，我们用最简单的情态动词和一般行为动词来判断：‎ ‎　　从He can swim.得知can一类的情态动词遇到第三人称单数不用加s，而且之后可以直接加动词。所以第一句need是做情态动词。‎ ‎　　从He goes to school every day.得知一般行为动词一般现在时中的遇到第三人称单数要加s，后面不能直接接动词。所以第二句need是做一般行为动词。‎ ‎　　我们的同样的做法来把刚才need两个例子变为否定句。‎ ‎　　He can swim. -------He can’t swim.‎ ‎　　所以当need做情态动词的时候变为否定句是 He needn’t have a rest.‎ ‎　　He goes to school every day. --------He doesn’t go to school every day.‎ ‎　　所以当need做一般行为动词的时候变为否定句是He doesn’t need to have a rest.‎ ‎　　这样大家就可以看出，正确答案应该只能选择c了，因为如果选择了b，need后面不能加to。‎ ‎　　从这道题我们可以看到，其实很多问题都是从已知的问题推出来，同学们也要掌握这样的方法来学习以后的知识。‎ 英语语法易错知识点归类 英语有很多很细小的知识点，而这些细小的知识点往往就是考点。同学们很容易由于注 意不到而犯错误，现对比较容易犯错误的知识点做一个汇总。 ‎ ‎　　‎ 一、名词类 ‎　　‎ ‎1. 这些女老师们在干什么？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] What are the woman teachers doing？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] What are the women teachers doing？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其 单数形式；但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men, women. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2. 房间里有多少人？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] How many peoples are there in the room？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] How many people are there in the room？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”‎ 这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。‎ ‎　　‎ 二、 动词类 ‎　　‎ ‎1. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] What time does your sister usually go to school？‎ ‎[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般 现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般 现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时 表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎3. 这双鞋是红色的。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] This pair of shoes are red. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] This pair of shoes is red. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修 饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。‎ ‎　　‎ 三、代词类 ‎1. 这张票是她的，不是我的。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要 接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2. 吴老师教我们英语。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] Miss Wu teaches our English. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.‎ ‎[析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。‎ ‎　‎ 四、 介词类 ‎　　‎ ‎3. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] Can you find the answer of this question？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] Can you find the answer to this question？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door, the ‎ way to the zoo等。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎4. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in；而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用 on. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎5. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。‎ ‎　　‎ 五、 副词类 ‎　　‎ ‎1. 莉莉，你为什么不回家呢？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] Lily, why don’t you go to home？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] Lily, why don’t you go home？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时，地点副词前不加to。‎ ‎　　‎ 六、连词类 ‎1. 我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history.‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接；而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用or。‎ ‎　　‎ 七、冠词类 ‎　　‎ ‎1. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.‎ ‎[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] a . 表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”；‎ ‎　　‎ B . our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour；‎ ‎　　‎ c . 用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。‎ ‎　‎ 八、 句法类 ‎　　‎ ‎1. ――你不是学生吗？ ――不，我是学生。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――No， I am. ‎ ‎　‎ ‎[正] ――Aren’t you a student？ ――Yes， I am. ‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就 用Yes表“不”；如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。‎ ‎　　‎ ‎2. 房间里有多少人？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[误] How many peoples are there in the room？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[正] How many people are there in the room？‎ ‎　　‎ ‎[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。‎ 实验小学2007--2008六年级英语毕业模拟测试卷(一)‎ 学校： 姓名： ‎ 听力部分（50分）‎ 一、 听音，选词。每小题听两遍。（10分）‎ ‎ 1.（ ） 2. （ ） . 3.（ ）‎ A B A B ‎ ‎ A B A B A B ‎( )4.A、watch B、wish C、with D、wash ‎( )5.A、back B、bank C、black D、flat ‎( )6.A. 13778899011 B. ‎13778899110 C. 13710099881‎ ‎( )7.A. www.21cn.com B. www.163.com C. www.5566.net ‎( )8.A. have a headache B. have a fever C. have a toothache ‎( )9.A. How would you go there? B. How do you go there? ‎ ‎ C. How did you go there?‎ ‎( )10.A. My backpack is smaller than yours. ‎ B. Your backpack is heavier than mine. ‎ C. My backpack is heavier than yours.‎ 二、听音，判断。对的打（√），错的打（×‎ ‎），每小题听两遍。（5分）‎ ‎1、2、 3、 4、 5、‎ ‎ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )‎ ‎ ‎ 三、根据录音内容，在每个句子的空格中填上相应的单词，使句子完整。（10分）‎ ‎1. There is a _______ next to the ________. ‎ ‎2. The old man gets up at _______ and goes to bed at ________. ‎ ‎3. It’s cool in ________ here, but in _______ it’s very cold.‎ ‎4. A: What _________ is it today?‎ B: It’s ________ 5th today.‎ ‎5.Li Hua is not ________ than me, but he is ___________.‎ 四、根据你在录音中听到的问题，将下面每组答句中最合适的答案选出来，并将其标号填在括号内。（10分）‎ ‎( ) 1. A. I like swimming. B. My favourite food is fish. ‎ C. I like bananas. ‎ ‎( ) 2. A. He is forty years old. B. He is sixty kg. ‎ C. He is ‎172cm.‎ ‎( ) 3. A. I am going to go fishing. B. I want to be a policeman.‎ ‎ C. I am going to be sad.‎ ‎( ) 4. A. I do my homework at home. B. I was at home. ‎ C. I went shopping. ‎ ‎( ) 5. A. He is a student. B. He is my brother.‎ C. He works in a hospital.‎ 五、听录音，根据你在录音中听到的事情判断下列句子的对错。（10分）‎ ‎( )1. Tom is helpful at home.‎ ‎( )2. Tom usually gets up at 6:20 on Sunday. ‎ ‎( )3. He cleans his bedroom and sweeps the floor of the house.‎ ‎( )4. He cooks breakfast at 7:30.‎ ‎( )5. He does his homework after breakfast.‎ 六． 用所给单词填空，把短文补充完整。（10分）‎ ‎( going , stronger , happy , office , went , likes , taller , playing , friend , younger , counting , weekend , play , older , collecting )‎ Hello , I have a good . Her name is Lily . She is ‎160 cm tall . She is than me . But she is only 13 years old , and I’m 14 years old . She is ‎ than me . She collecting stamps . We often together . This ，we are to the post to buy stamps . We like stamps . We are very .‎ 七．补全对话，选择正确的句子，把编号填写在横线上。‎ A:________________________________? ‎ B:I read some magazines at home yesterday.__________________?‎ A:Yes,I do.‎ B:__________________________. Let’s go together.‎ A:Great!________________________?‎ B:It is in front of the swimming pool.‎ A:_____________________________?‎ B:Let’s go by bike,it’s near. ‎ A: OK.‎ 选项：‎ A: How can we go there ? B: Did you read books?‎ C:What did you do yesterday? D:Where is the bookstore?‎ E:Do you like reading ? F:I go to the bookstore .‎ G:I am going to the bookstore to buy some new books tomorrow.‎ 八、补全对话。 （10分）‎ A: This is a photo of my family.‎ B: _____________________________________‎ A: He’s my father.‎ B: He looks strict.________________________________‎ A: He’s a principal of a primary school.‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ B: My father is an accountant.‎ A:______________________________________________‎ B: He works in a company. This pretty woman must be your mother.‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ A: Yes, she teaches English.‎ 九．根据短文内容选择正确答案，把编号写在题前的括号里。（10分）‎ A crow (乌鸦) wanted to drink some water but  can't find any. He looks here and there. Then he cries out, "I can see a jar (罐子)and there is some water in it." He tries but fails to get the water. "How can I?" He thinks it over. " I can put my beak (鸟嘴) quite close to it. but still cannot drink the water. What can I do? I want to drink."   He looks here and there, and then he knows what to do. He picks up a small stone (石头)with his beak and drops it into the jar. "Soon the water will be high and I can drink it," says the crow.       Guess what? The water in the jar turns (变得) to be high enough to drink. The clever crow drinks the water finally.‎ ‎1. What is the crow looking for? __________  ‎ A. A jar    B. Some water    C. Some food ‎ ‎2. Why can't he drink the water right now? Because                   ‎ A. the water is in the jar.   B. he doesn't want to drink it.   ‎ C. the water isn't high enough for him to drink.‎ ‎3. Why does he pick up stones? Because                   ‎ A. He wants to put them into the water.‎ B. He's playing a game.  C. He is very hungry.‎ ‎4. What's the English meaning for "drop"?________________‎ A. put ...into...    B. put...to ...    C. carry...to...‎ ‎5. Which title (题目) do you think is the best one ?____________‎ A. A Thirsty Crow    B. A Clever Crow   ‎ C. A Crow And a Jar of Water ‎ 十、小作文。（10分）‎ 每位同学都有自己的理想，长大以后想成为一名科学家、宇航员、老师等，请以My Dream为题，写一篇小作文。‎ ‎1、书写整洁，规范，条理清晰，意思明确，标点正确；‎ ‎2、可适当发挥想象；3。不少于5句话。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎