【英语】山东省泰安市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试题（解析版）

【英语】山东省泰安市2019-2020学年高二下学期期末考试试题（解析版）

山东省泰安市 2019-2020 学年高二下学期期末考试 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题,每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 A Most of London’s national museums are completely free of charge. So without cost to worry about, these are the must-see museums for art lovers on their first trip to London. National Portrait Gallery PHONE +44 20 7306 0055 Where else but the National Portrait Gallery can you find oil paintings of the Bronte sisters and William Shakespeare alongside black and white photographs of the Spice Girls and a mixed media portrait of J.K. Rowling? Featuring a collection of famous British people from the Tudor period to the present day, the National Portrait Gallery is a must for those who like British culture. Science Museum PHONE +44 33 3241 4000 Ideal for left-brainers, London’s Science Museum celebrates scientific, technological, and mathematical achievements — but that makes it sound so serious. With interactive exhibits, flight simulators, an IMAX theater, and even a milkshake bar, a trip to the Science Museum is far from the boring science lessons from back in the day. Churchill War Rooms PHONE +44 20 7416 5000 The Imperial War Museum is a collection of five museums and sites. One of the collection’ s most fascination inclusions is the Churchill War Rooms. Walking through the underground labyrinth （迷宫）of war rooms is literally walking in the footsteps of Sir Winston Churchill and his war cabinet during WWII Natural History Museum PHONE +44 20 7942 5000 Once the home to African elephant specimens and surprising casts of a Triceratops and Diplodocus, the museum’ s main hall now floats the real skeleton of a blue whale high above visitors’ heads. Though no longer in the entry hall, you can still find dinosaurs here, such as the first fossil ever found from a T. rex. 1. Which is the best choice for J.K. Rowling’s fans? A. National Portrait Gallery. B. Science Museum. C. Churchill War Rooms. D. Natural History Museum. 2. What can people do in Science Museum? A. View the arts of the Tudor period. B. Enjoy a film in an IMAX theater. C. Learn about the war history of Britain. D. Watch the skeleton of a blue whale. 3. Which number should be called if you’ re interested in dinosaurs? A. 44 20 7306 0055. B. 44 33 3241 4000. C. 44 20 7416 5000. D. 44 20 7942 5000. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【分析】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇旅游指南，介绍了伦敦最值得去的四大博物馆。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。由 National Portrait Gallery 部分“Where else but the National Portrait Gallery can you find oil paintings of the Bronte sisters and William Shakespeare alongside black and white photographs of the Spice Girls and a mixed media portrait of J.K. Rowling? ”可知，只有在 National Portrait Gallery 人们才能看到 the Bronte sisters 和 William Shakespeare 的油画，the Spice Girls 的黑白照片以及 J.K. Rowling 的自画像。因此可以判断 J.K. Rowling 的粉丝应 该选择 National Portrait Gallery。故选 A 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Science Museum 部分“With interactive exhibits, flight simulators, an IMAX theater, and even a milkshake bar, a trip to the Science Museum is far from the boring science lessons from back in the day.”可知，Science Museum 里面有互动展览、模拟飞行、IMAX 剧 院甚至还有奶昔吧。到 Science Museum 的旅行与过去不同，绝对不会让你感觉无聊。B 项“在 IMAX 剧院看电影”是可以在 Science Museum 实现的。故选 B 项。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。由 Natural History Museum 部分“Though no longer in the entry hall, you can still find dinosaurs here, such as the first fossil ever found from a T. rex.PHONE +44 20 7942 5000”可 知，你可以在 Natural History Museum 看到恐龙。所以如果对恐龙感兴趣，要到 Natural History Museum，拨打 +44 20 7942 5000。故选 D 项。 B This happened several years ago when I was still quite new in the city. I was doing my grocery shopping one day, and when I wanted to pay for my things, it turned out that I didn’t have enough funds on my bank account for the things I’d chosen. It seemed something had been paid from my account that I had forgotten about. I was so embarrassed and ashamed. There was a queue forming behind me. I became very flustered（慌乱的）and very close to tears. I tried to quickly pick some things out that weren’t so urgent for me to buy. The cashier（收银员）, a patient, elderly man, saw how upset I was and gently said, “Please, don’t worry about picking out groceries to leave behind and you can pay me back for the difference another day.” I immediately refused since I didn’t know him, but he insisted he would pay for the difference because he also had daughters and sometimes life could be hard. I thanked him greatly while I packed my things. I asked him what his name was so I could bring the money another day. He said, “Just ask for Baba（Father）and everyone calls me that here.” I came back a few days later with the money, a thank-you card, and some homemade cookies. I asked a young salesman if he’d seen the old man and he immediately told me, “Oh! That must be Baba!” It was clear that he was very familiar with him. I explained what had happened and he nodded. "Yes, that is something he would do. He is a bit of an extra father to all of us working here, too. He isn’t working today but I will make sure he gets this." Thank you, Baba, for looking out for me that day, and for taking good care of your coworkers, too! I think it is people like Baba that make the world beautiful. 4. What happened to the author as she went shopping? A. She forgot to bring money with her. B. She regretted choosing something expensive. C. She couldn’t afford the goods she had picked. D. She couldn’t remember the password of her account. 5. What did the author try to do to solve her problem? A. To make herself calm down. B. To give up some high-priced things. C. To remove some items less necessary. D. To take out all the goods she had chosen. 6. Which of the following probably can best describe the old cashier? A. Shy and honest. B. Talented and friendly. C. Generous and hardworking. D. Kind and warm-hearted. 7. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Every job is meaningful. B. We need people like “Baba". C. Giving is a kind of happiness. D. An embarrassing shopping experience. 【答案】4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者来到一座新城市，一次购物过程中发现钱不够，一位善良 的收银员帮助作者补足差价，让作者感受到了父亲般的温暖。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段中的“I was doing my grocery shopping one day, and when I wanted to pay for my things, it turned out that I didn’t have enough funds on my bank account for the things I’d chosen.”（有一天，我在买杂货，当我想付账时候，发现我的银行账户上没有足够的钱来买 我选的东西。）可知作者钱不够，买不起她挑选的货物。故选 C 项。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“I tried to quickly pick some things out that weren’t so urgent for me to buy.”（我试着迅速挑选出一些对我来说不那么紧急的东西。）可知作者发现钱不够，要去 掉一些不必要的东西。故选 C 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的“I immediately refused since I didn’t know him, but he insisted he would pay for the difference because he also had daughters and sometimes life could be hard.”（因 为我不认识他，我立刻拒绝了，但他坚持要为差价买单，因为他也有女儿，有时生活会很艰 难。）和倒数第二段中的“Yes, that is something he would do. He is a bit of an extra father to all of us working here, too.”（是的，他会这么做的。对我们所有在这里工作的人来说，他也是一个 额外的父亲。）可知老收银员坚持帮作者为差价买单，同事都说他像父亲一样，可推断出老 收银员善良和热心。故选 D 项。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲，作者一次购物过程中发现钱不够，一位善良的老 收银员帮助作者补足差价，让作者感受到了父亲般的温暖和善意，结合最后一段“Thank you, Baba, for looking out for me that day, and for taking good care of your coworkers, too! I think it is people like Baba that make the world beautiful.”（谢谢你，爸爸，因为那天你照顾我，也很照 顾你的同事！我认为是像爸爸这样的人让世界变得美丽。）可知 B 项“我们需要像“爸爸”这样 的人”符合文意。故选 B 项。 C How many afternoons have you slowly moved over to the office coffee machine and wondered: Is this really my fourth cup of the day? Or wait, is it my fifth? We’ve all been there, but a new study shows refilling your cup too often could be hurting your health. The study, published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggests that drinking six or more cups of coffee per day may increase your risk of heart disease by up to 22%. Researchers from the University of South Australia also found a specific gene, called CYP1A2, which enables people to consume caffeine faster than those without it. Overall, the researchers found that people who drank six or more cups of coffee a day were 22% more likely to develop cardiovascular （心血管的）disease, compared to those who drank one to two cups daily. The study authors believe that coffee （in large quantities） and heart problems may be linked because excess caffeine consumption can cause high blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Most people would agree that if you drink a lot of coffee, you might feel nervous and irritable （易怒的）.That’s because caffeine helps your body work faster and harder, but it is also likely to suggest that you may have reached your limit for the time being. That doesn’t mean that any and all coffee is bad for your heart, however. In fact, the researchers also found that participants who didn’t drink coffee at all — and those who drank decaf — also had higher rates of heart disease （11% and 7% higher, respectively） than those who drank one to two cups per day. Previous research has found coffee is rich in antioxidants （抗氧化物质） and may reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. 8. What does the new study find? A. People like to drink coffee in the office. B. Coffee is more popular than tea among young people. C. People tend to drink more coffee in the afternoon. D. Too much coffee may be harmful to people. 9. What makes people take in caffeine faster? A. The healthy dietary pattern. B. The specific gene CYP1A2, C. The high blood pressure. D. The antioxidants in coffee. 10. What does the underline word “excess” mean in the third paragraph? A. Extra. B. Less. C. Proper D. Average. 11. What does the author consider most important for drinking coffee? A. The brand of coffee. B. The container of coffee. C. The amount of coffee. D. The flavor of coffee. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，每天喝六杯或六杯以上的咖啡可能会增加人们患心脏病的风 险。喝咖啡对人体有益，但要适量。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段“ but a new study shows refilling your cup too often could be hurting your health.”可知，新的研究发现喝太多杯咖啡可能会伤害人的健康。D 项意为“太多咖啡可能对 人体有害”符合文意。故选 D 项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段“ Researchers from the University of South Australia also found a specific gene, called CYP1A2, which enables people to consume caffeine faster than those without it.”可 知，研究人员发现，喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人能更快地消耗咖啡因。因为他们体内有一种 特殊的基因名叫 CYP1A2。所以 B 项符合文意。故选 B 项。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。由第三段“the study authors believe that coffee （in large quantities） and heart problems may be linked because excess caffeine consumption can cause high blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.”可知，大量的咖啡和心脏问题是有关系的。因为过量的 咖啡因消耗会引起高血压，进而导致心血管疾病。前面第二段提到了喝过量的咖啡会更快地 消耗咖啡因。由此可推断这里指 coffee（in large quantities）会导致 excess caffeine consumption。 excess 这里指“过量”。故选 A 项。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段“In fact, the researchers also found that participants who didn’t drink coffee at all — and those who drank decaf — also had higher rates of heart disease （11% and 7% higher, respectively） than those who drank one to two cups per day. Previous research has found coffee is rich in antioxidants （抗氧化物质） and may reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.”可知，研究人员也发现，从不喝咖啡或者喝无咖啡因咖啡的人要比那些一天喝一两 杯的人患心脏病的几率更高。咖啡中的抗氧化物质可以减少患心脏病、中分和糖尿病的风险。 前面的内容作者主要表达的喝太多咖啡对人体有害。综合文章内容可知，作者认为喝咖啡要 适量，一天一两杯足矣。故选 C 项。 D An increase of just 2°C in global temperatures could make the world considerably drier and more desert-like, new research has warned. More than a quarter of the world’s land surface, home to more than 1.5 billion people, would become more arid and droughts and wildfires could be widespread. Limiting global warming to 1.5℃ would dramatically reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected, scientists found. “Aridification (干旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2℃”，said Dr Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s School of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-authors. The research team studied projections from 27 global climate models and identified areas of the world where aridity will greatly change. The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia. These areas are home to more than .20 percent of the world’s population — that’s over 1.5 billion people. The study looked at the current rate of global temperature increase and compared it to data from before the industrial revolution. The world has already warmed by 1℃since then. Two thirds of the affected regions could avoid significant aridification if warming is limited to 1.5℃, researchers found. The Paris Agreement, which was first signed in 2015, is an international agreement to control climate change. It hopes to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2℃ and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5℃. But the local protectionism makes it possible that the world may become drier and the horrific scenes of the Californian wildfires may become more common. The fire burned more than 440 square miles of Ventura and Santa Barbara counties and destroyed more than 1,000 structures after breaking out in early December. 12. What should we do to prevent aridification? A. We should limit the temperature rise to 2°C. B. We should limit the temperature rise to 1.5°C. C. We should limit the industrial development. D. We should limit the global population. 13. Which country is most likely to be affected by aridification? A. China. B. Russia. C. Canada. D. Philippine. 14. Why does the author mention the Californian wildfires in the text? A. To show the harm of aridification. B. To emphasize the loss of the fire. C. To support the local protectionism. D. To tell us wildfires are common. 15. What is Dr Manoj’s attitude towards the global temperature change? A. Indifferent. B. Approving. C. Concerned. D. Unclear. 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，最新研究表明，全球气温只要上升 2℃，那么世界就会变得 相当干燥，在全球导致干旱和火灾。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Limiting global warming to 1.5℃ would dramatically reduce the percentage of the Earth’s surface affected, scientists found.”（科学家发现，将全球变暖限制在 1.5 摄氏度将大大降低地球表面受影响的百分比。）和倒数第三段中的“Two thirds of the affected regions could avoid significant aridification if warming is limited to 1.5℃, researchers found.”（研究人员发现，如果把气温变暖控制在 1.5℃以内，三分之二的受影响地区可以避 免严重干旱化。），可知我们应该把升温限制在 1.5 摄氏度来防止干旱。故选 B 项。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段中的“The most affected areas are parts of South East Asia, Southern Europe, Southern Africa, Central America and Southern Australia.”（受影响最严重的地区是东南 亚、南欧、南部非洲、中美洲和澳大利亚南部的部分地区。），可知东南亚是受影响最严重的 地区之一，菲律宾地处东南亚，最可能受影响。故选 D 项。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段中的“More than a quarter of the world’s land surface, home to more than 1.5 billion people, would become more arid and droughts and wildfires could be widespread.”（世 界上有超过 15 亿人口的陆地表面将变得更加干旱，干旱和野火可能会蔓延。）和最后一段中 的“But the local protectionism makes it possible that the world may become drier and the horrific scenes of the Californian wildfires may become more common.”（但是，地方保护主义使得世界 变得更加干燥，加州野火的可怕景象可能变得更加普遍。），可知升温会导致干旱，干旱导致 火灾，地方保护主义加剧了干旱火灾，作者提到加州的野火的目的就是为了显示干旱的危害。 故选 A 项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段“An increase of just 2°C in global temperatures could make the world considerably drier and more desert-like, new research has warned.”（一项新的研究警告说，全球 气温只要上升 2℃，就可能使世界变得相当干燥，变得更像沙漠。）和第三段““Aridification (干 旱化) would emerge over 20 to 30 percent of the world’s land surface by the time the global temperature change reaches 2℃” ， said Dr Manoj Joshi from the University of East Anglia’s School of Environmental Sciences and one of the study’s co-authors.”（“当全球气温变化达到 2℃时，全球陆地表面将出现超过 20%至 30%的干旱化”，东安格利亚大学环境科学学院的 Manoj Joshi 博士说，同时也是这项研究的合著者之一。），可知 Dr Manoj 也是这项研究的人 员之一，研究警告升温可能会带来的负面影响，Dr Manoj 也说升温会导致全球陆地表面将 出现超过 20%至 30%的干旱化，可推断出 Dr Manoj 对全球气温变化的态度是担心的。故选 C 项。 第二节 （共 5 小题;每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选 项。 How to Communicate as a Family In today’s busy world, many families struggle to see each other. That does not mean that our need for family has decreased. Most of us still long for a united family.___16___. Below are tips on it. Use effective communication skills Each member of the family should feel important and valued. ___17___. In order for your family members to hear your needs, you have to express them. Be polite but honest with your family during discussions. Listen intently ___18___. Your family members will feel loved if their point of view is heard and respected. Avoid talking over your family members, and instead, listen to what they are saying. Show appreciation for each other Taking family for granted is easily done.___19___. Make it a point to tell each family member that you are thankful for them, and that you enjoy being a family. ___20___ Everyone in your family is not going to agree on every issue. As a family, you have to be flexible and accepting of each person’s point of view. Avoid arguing over little things such as who should take the trash out; instead, make a conscious effort to divide responsibilities and privileges （特权）fairly. A. Agree to disagree B. This includes you C. Give and accept apologies D. However, that unity does not always come easily E. Most of them have been around most of your life F. It is important that you hear your family members’ concerns G. Also remember that perfect unity will not exist all the time in any family 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. F 19. D 20. A 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何与家人沟通的小技巧，实现家庭团结。 【16 题详解】 由上一句“我们大多数人仍然渴望一个团结的家庭。”和下一句“下面是关于它的提示。”可知， 大家期待一个团结的家庭，并给出拥有团结家庭的小技巧，说明不是每个家庭都团结，承接 上下文，G 选项“也请记住，完美的统一不会一直存在于任何家庭中”切题。故选 G 项。 【17 题详解】 由上一句“家庭中的每一个成员都应该感到自己的重要性和价值。”和下一句“为了让你的家 人听到你的需要，你必须表达出来。”可知，自己也很重要，也需向家人表达需求，承接上 下文，B 选项“这包括你”切题。故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 由本段小标题“专心听”可知，承接上文，F 选项“重要的是你要听到你家人的关心”切题；可 知实现家庭团结的方法之一就是要倾听，倾听家人对你的关心。故选 F 项。 【19 题详解】 由上一句“把家庭视为理所当然是很容易做到的。”和下一句“一定要告诉每个家庭成员你很 感激他们，你很享受成为一个家庭的乐趣。”可知，承接上下文，D 选项“然而，团结并不总 是来得容易”切题；可知把一个团体视作家庭很简单，但得到一个家庭的团结并不简单，需 要你的感激。故选 D 项。 【20 题详解】 本处选择小标题，由下一段内容决定。由下一段的前两句“你家里的每个人不可能在每个问 题上都达成一致。作为一个家庭成员，你必须灵活变通，接受每个人的观点。”可知，要接 受不同观点，接受分歧的存在，承接下文，A 选项“保留各自意见，接受分歧的存在”切题。 故选 A 项。 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 41-55 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中选 出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Last night one of our 3 family dogs was hit and killed by a car in front of my mother’s house. The dogs became, more or less, my mother’s substitute ___21___ after her human ones grew up and moved out. The one that was killed had ___22___ with my mom far more than the others. She is shocked and upset. I loved the dog, ___23___ my true sadness currently comes from having to watch my mother endure another ___24___ after everything she has been through in her life. In the midst of all of this I have to sincerely___25___ the driver. It was not his fault. The dog chased a deer into the ___26___ at night. In an effort not to hit the deer he suddenly changed ___27___ , not seeing the dog, resulting in her death. The driver ___28___, carefully wrapped our dog in a blanket to ___29___ her dignity, and carried her up to my mother s front door* He was ___30___ shaking and very upset. He informed my mother of___31___ happened and she broke down immediately. He comforted her the best a stranger could. He left his ___32___ and offered assistance in any way he could. What he really did was ___33___ my mother from hitting on a ___34___ scene herself while searching for the dog. He could have very easily continued on his way, but he did something that I hope I never forget. Thank you, Stranger. You restored my ___35___ in humanity. 21. A. children B. pets C. property D. belongings 22. A. kept B. helped C. bonded D. touched 23. A. besides B. while C. or D. but 24. A. incident B. tragedy C. situation D. scene 25. A. criticize B. comfort C. applaud D. blame 26. A. field B. road C. square D. room 27. A. mind B. wheel C. idea D. direction 28. A. pulled away B. took off C. pulled over D. pulled off 29. A. preserve B. develop C. hide D. cancel 30. A. suddenly B. casually C. accidently D. obviously 31. A. that B. how C. what D. why 32. A. goods B. information C. car D. house 33. A. spare B. separate C. ban D. tell 34. A. wonderful B. pleasant C. unforgettable D. horrible 35. A. energy B. faith C. decision D. doubt 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. B 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位司机不小心撞死我家狗狗后，将狗狗体面地送到我的母 亲面前，并愿意提供一切帮助。这位车祸“凶手”的做法让我备受感动。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些狗狗早已或多或少的成为母亲的干儿子干女儿，她亲生的孩 子们都已经长大从家里搬了出去。A．children 孩子；B．pets 宠物；C．property 财产； D．belongings 所有物。由下文的“her human ones”可知，母亲将狗狗当做自己的孩子。A 项 符合文意。故选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：而失去的那条狗与我母亲感情深厚，远远超过另外两只。A．kept 保持；B．helped 帮助；C．bonded 感情深厚；D．touched 摸，触动。bond with sb 意为“与 某人形成亲密关系”。由下文母亲听闻消息后震惊又悲伤可知，这只狗与母亲有很深厚的感 情。故选 C 项。 【23 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我也很喜欢那条狗。但此刻，我真正的心痛源于不得不眼睁睁看 着母亲经受另一场悲剧，而她在一生中已经经历了那么多苦难。A．besides 另外 ；B．while 当……时候；C．or 不然；D．but 但是。由下文“my true sadness”可知，我的心痛不是因为 失去狗狗，而是妈妈又要面对一场悲剧。前后是转折关系。D 项符合文意。故选 D 项。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但此刻，我真正的心痛源于不得不眼睁睁看着母亲经受另一场悲 剧，而她在一生中已经经历了那么多苦难。A．incident 事件；B．tragedy 悲剧；C．situation 情景；D．scene 场景。由下文“she has been through in her life”和“another”可知，母亲一生经 历了很多磨难，而失去狗狗对她来讲是又一个磨难、悲剧。B 项符合文意。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这场灾难的阴影之中，我不得不对肇事车辆的司机心生赞叹。 A．criticize 批评；B．comfort 安慰；C．applaud 鼓掌、称赞；D．blame 指责。下文讲到司 机将狗狗小心翼翼包起来送到母亲门前，并且愿意提供一切所需帮助。作者最后提到“Thank you, Stranger. You restored my faith in humanity”可知，作者对司机的做法持赞扬态度。C 项符 合文意。故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天夜里，那条狗追着一只鹿，冲到了马路上。A．field 田地； B．road 公路；C．square 广场；D．room 房间。由下文司机猛一方向却没有看到狗可知， 狗狗当时是在马路上，狗狗追着鹿跑到了公路上，所以才会被撞死。B 项符合文意。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：司机竭力避免车撞到鹿，猛一转方向却没有看到狗。于是造成了 狗的死亡。A．mind 思想；B．wheel 车轮；C．idea 观点；D．direction 方向。根据 he suddenly changed 可知，司机为了不撞到鹿所以会转方向，结果撞死了狗狗。D 项符合文意。故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：司机停到路旁，为了保存它最后的尊严，十分小心的用毯子裹住 我们的狗。A．pulled away 离开、脱身、拉掉；B．took off 起飞、出发；C．pulled over 把 车停到路边；D．pulled off 艰难完成、下高速或者下主干道然后开上岔道。根据 carefully wrapped our dog in a blanket 可知，这里指司机将车马上停到路边。C 项符合文意。故选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保留它最后的尊严，他十分小心的用毯子裹住我们的狗。 A．preserve 保留；B．develop 发展；C．hide 隐藏；D．cancel 取消。preserve one’s dignity 意为“保留某人的尊严”。这里用毯子将狗狗包住是为了保留它的尊严。故选 A 项。 【30 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他全身颤抖，显然十分悲伤，A．suddenly 突然；B．casually 随 意地；C．accidentally 偶然地；D．obviously 显然地。他全身颤抖，显然是很悲伤。D 项符 合文意。故选 D 项。 【31 题详解】 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：他向我母亲告知了事情经过，她马上情绪就崩溃了。inform sb of sth，of 为介词，后面内容作其宾语从句。空格处在从句中作主语，意为“什么事情”。C 项符合文意。故选 C 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他留下了自己的信息，提出自己会尽其所能，以任何方式提供帮 助。A．goods 物品；B．information 信息；C．car 汽车；D．house 房子。下文提到他会尽 其所能，以任何方式提供帮助可知，司机应该是留下了自己的相关信息。B 项符合文意。故 选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他真正做到的是，让我的母亲免于发现狗狗不见出门寻找时撞 见惨不忍睹的场面。A．spare 使…免遭；B．separate 分开；C．ban 禁止；D．tell 告诉。spare sb from doing sth 意为“使某人免遭……”。这里司机将狗狗体面地送来使母亲不必看到那惨 不忍睹的场面。A 项符合文意。故选 A 项。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他真正做到的是，让我的母亲免于发现狗狗不见出门寻找时 撞见惨不忍睹的场面。A．wonderful 美妙的；B．pleasant 愉快的；C．unforgettable 难忘的； D．horrible 恐怖的。根据常识可知，狗狗被撞死的场面应该是惨不忍睹的。D 项符合文意。 故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢谢你，陌生人。你恢复了我对人性的信任。A．energy 能量； B．faith 信念；C．decision 决定；D．doubt 怀疑。由上文“He could have very easily continued on his way, but he did something that I hope I never forget.”司机本来可以直接走掉的，但是却 做了让我永远难忘的事情，恢复了我对人性的信任。B 项符合文意。故选 B 项。 第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A two-layered paint ___36___ reflects infrared light (红外线) while maintaining its colour could help keep buildings and vehicles cool under hot sun. This could help reduce energy used in cooling. This coating ___37___(develop) by Yuan Yang at Columbia University in New York and his colleagues. It consists___38___a top layer, which provides the colour, and a bottom layer reflecting infrared light. When the sun shines on ___39___ object coated with this paint, the top layer absorbs certain light, while the bottom layer reflects infrared light, preventing the object from___40___ (heat) up. A similar cooling effect can be achieved using white paint or metal mirrors, ___41___ Yang says the advantage of this new paint is that it can be any colour desired. ___42___ (usual) black paint absorbs heat, but painting an object with a black version of this new coating kept it about 16%： ___43___ (cool) than when an object painted with commercial black paint was exposed to the same amount of sunlight. This new paint could be___44___(use) in tropical locations to help keep____45____(building) cool, as well as to prevent cars, buses and trains from getting too hot. 【答案】36. which/that 37. was developed 38. of 39. an 40. being heated 41. but 42. Usually 43. cooler 44. used 45. buildings 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一种新型涂料能够反射红外线，阻止物体受热。 【36 题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。此句是定语从句，先行词是 A two-layered paint，指物，在从句中作 主语，应用关系代词 which/that。故填 which/that。 【37 题详解】 考查时态和语态。本句意为“这种涂料是由纽约哥伦比亚大学的袁扬和他的同事们开发的。”， develop 此动作已发生，用一般过去时，主语 This coating 和动词 develop 是被动关系，应用 一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done），主语单数，谓语也用单数。故填 was developed。 【38 题详解】 考查介词。固定搭配 consist of…，意为“由……组成”，应用介词 of。故填 of。 【39 题详解】 考查冠词。本句意为“当阳光照射在涂有这种涂料的一个物体上时，顶层吸收一定的光，而 底层反射红外光，防止物体被加热（受热）。”此处泛指“一个涂有这种涂料的物体”，object 以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词 an。故填 an。 【40 题详解】 考查动名词的被动式。本句意为“当阳光照射在涂有这种涂料的一个物体上时，顶层吸收一 定的光，而底层反射红外光，防止物体被加热（受热）。”prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.（阻 止某人/物干某事），此处指“防止物体被加热”，表被动，应用动名词被动式 being done。故 填 being heated。 【41 题详解】 考查连词。本句意为“使用白色涂料或金属镜子也可以达到类似的冷却效果，但是杨说，这 种新涂料的优点是它可以是任何想要的颜色。”前后两句表转折，应用并列连词 but。故填 but。 【42 题详解】 考查副词。此处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，首字母大写。故填 Usually。 【43 题详解】 考查比较级。than 比较级的标志，此空应用 cooler。故填 cooler。 【44 题详解】 考查过去分词。主语 This new paint 和动词 use 是被动关系，谓语应用被动语态（be done）， 本句谓语为 could be used，此处用过去分词形式。故填 used。 【45 题详解】 考查名词的数。本句意为“这种新的涂料可以被用于热带地区，帮助建筑物保持凉爽，也可 以防止汽车、公共汽车和火车过热。”此处指“不止一个建筑物”，building 指“具体建筑物” 时，是可数名词，可加 s，应用名词复数作 keep 的宾语。故填 buildings。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（满分 15 分） 46.假定你是李华，正作为交换生在伦敦一所学校学习。你的好友 Eric 邀靖你在校文化节上 表演一段中国民族舞蹈或唱一首民歌。请给他回一封信，内容包括： 1.感谢邀请； 2.介绍将表演的节目； 3.表达期待。 注意:1.词数 80 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】Dear Eric, I’m more than delighted to receive your email, in which you invite me to the school cultural festival. It will be a great pleasure for me to join such a wonderful event. As a music lover, I am particularly fascinated with Chinese folk songs and I would like to sing one during the festival, which will give the audience a glimpse of the unique traditional music in China. Folk songs, inspired by everyday life in various local cultures, feature simple language and convey emotions and feelings vividly. It’s my sincere hope that the cultural festival will be a great success. I’m looking forward to joining you and enjoying fantastic performances together. Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分 25 分） 47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续 写的词数应为 150 左右。 You never know the difference you might make if you take the time to encourage someone. I gave up the idea of being a writer the summer before I started college. I’d been writing since I was five years old. My little friends wanted toys at that time, but I just wanted paper. Childhood passed and a box of short stories gave way to my middle school days. I wrote for a magazine and by the time I was in my eighth grade, half of the annual publications were written by me. Sometimes I’d dream about being a novelist, writing books that everyone might read. My dad was always sure that it would happen. When he read my poems or stories, his eyes welled up. "That’s beautiful, honey,” he always told me. "One day, the entire world will know what a gift you have.” Those words encouraged me through high school to keep believing that writing was my calling. But somewhere along the months of my senior year ， I became disappointed. The crazy injustice in this world — bad guys getting buck out on the street and doing harm again and again, changed my mind.”I m going to be a lawyer in the future,” I told my parents. My dad’s face fell, but he kept his smile. "Whatever you do, you’ll be brialliant at it," he said to me. One of my first classes at college was Journalism 100. One day, the professor, Bob Scheibel, assigned us a story about an apartment fire. He gave us the facts and we had a few days to write a news story. I was sure that I had gotten the facts right when I wrote the story. I didn’t expect much feedback. But a few days later, Bob Scheibel asked me to talk to him after class. Questions raced through my mind. What had I done wrong? Had I gotten the facts mixed up? Did I miss anything critical in the details? Five minutes after the class, I found myself in front of the professor. His eyes met mine with great seriousness. 【参考范文】 The professsor asked whether I have read an article about this event on the newpapers. I shook my head and said no.“This is the first time that I have heard of this story”,i replied. “What you have written is brilliant.You’ve done a very good job”,the professor said.“I think you have a talent for writing things.”As saying this, he handed the writing assginment to me and I saw a birght A+ on the paper.Walking out of the teachers’ office, I felt my heart soaring like a bird into the sky. The teacher’s encouragement brightened my day. Since then, I begin to devote myself to writing and later in the school and city writing competitions, I get numerous awards and honors. All these achievements act as a motivation for me to dream of being a writer in the future. Now my dream has come true. I am one of the famous novelists in our city. The teacher’s words will always be embedded in my heart because it is his encouragement that has set up a path for my future. Thank you, my dear teacher.