2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy eating Word版含解析

2021届高考英语人教版一轮总复习课时跟踪练：Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy eating Word版含解析

课时跟踪练 12 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world.Who doesn't long for a favourite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of “tonic food”． Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one's wellbeing or avoid sickness.For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(芝麻油)hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth.It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body.Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach, are seen as “hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes, are seen as “cold”．One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food.However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual's health. The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry.Chinese herbal medicines, such as wolfberry( 枸 杞 ), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish.These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pickmeup. So, whether yon need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of fish soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for. 1．What is the present situation of tonic food? A．It is catching less attention. B．It is enjoyed by many young people. C．It is wellknown worldwide. D．It is becoming increasingly popular. 2．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in Paragraph 3? A．Medicine. B．Restaurant. C．Education. D．Fashion. 3．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine B．The Popularity of Tonic Food C．An Introduction of Chinese Tonic Food D．Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food 【语篇解读】 文章介绍了中国的传统滋补品的现状、功效以及 滋补品对餐饮业的影响。 1．解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard of in the West，and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East－the ancient custom of ‘tonic food’．”可知，滋补品的概念西 方人几乎闻所未闻，也逐渐被东方的年轻人忽视。也就是说，滋补品 目前越来越不受关注了，故选 A 项。 答案：A 2．解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Chinese herbal medicines， such as wolfberry，can be found on many a restaurant menu...”可知， 中国的草本药品如枸杞，在很多餐馆的菜单上都有出现，由此推断， catering 应和餐饮业相关，故选 B 项。 答案：B 3．解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国的传统滋补品的现状、 功效和其对餐饮行业的影响，故选 C 项。 答案：C B A freshly baked roll is as delightful as a soft, light cloud on a summer's day.What gives bread much of its appealing texture is gluten (麸筋), a group of proteins found in wheat.But in people with celiac disease (乳糜泻), gluten damages the small intestine (肠)．Many others may have milder gluten intolerance and avoid foods that contain it. Most glutenfree bread is made from alternative flour such as rice or potato, so it tastes and feels different from wheat bread.Now, however, researchers say that they have found a way to genetically engineer wheat that contains far less of the most troublesome type of gluten—but still has other proteins that give bread its characteristic taste and springiness. Genetically modified crops are the subject of fierce debate around the world.The biggest concern involves the practice of inserting DNA from one species into another, says Francisco Barro, a plant biotechnologist.To avoid this genetic crossover, Barro and his colleagues used the geneediting technique CRISPR/Cas9 to cut selected genes from a wheat genome (基因组)． Their study zeroed in on alphagliadins (α麦醇溶蛋白), gluten proteins are believed to be wheat's major troublemakers in the immune system.The researchers designed bits of genetic material that directed the scissorlike Cas9 protein to cut out 35 of the 45 alphagliadin genes.When the modified wheat was tested in a Petri dish, it produced 85 percent weaker immune response, the team reported online last September in Plant Biotechnology Journal. Wendy Harwood, a crop geneticist at the John Innes Centre in England, who was not part of the study, notes that the engineered wheat has a long way to go before it can be turned into anything marketable.“I don't think it's the end of the story，” she says.“This is just a really important step in maybe producing something that is going to be incredibly useful.”To develop a completely safe strain of wheat for celiac patients, the researchers may need to target more of the gluten genes.Barro says his team is working on that. 4．What's the text mainly about? A．Making glutenfree bread. B．Advantages of glutenfree wheat. C．Debate about genetically modified crops. D．Developing genetically engineered wheat. 5．Why is bread mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To advertise a new study. B．To raise the topic to be written about. C．To provide some advice for the readers. D．To popularize some information about medicine. 6．What concerns people most according to Paragraph 3? A．Genetic crossover. B．Geneediting technique. C．The practice of using DNA. D．The subject of fierce debate. 7．What's Wendy Harwood's attitude toward engineered wheat? A．A little alarmed. B．Mildly surprised. C．Somewhat opposed. D．Cautiously optimistic. 【语篇解读】 为了研发一种对乳糜泻病人安全的小麦，科学家 发现了一种方法去修改小麦的基因，采用基因编辑科技除去α麦醇溶 蛋白，但是在这种小麦面世之前还有很长的路要走。 4．解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一、二段可知，小麦当中的麸 筋虽然使得烤面包卷松软可口，却对患有乳糜泻的病人来说有极大的 危害，所以科学家们找到了一种方法，对含有给乳糜泻病人制造麻烦 的麸筋的小麦进行基因结构改变，同时保留能让面包可口和保持弹性 的其他蛋白质，即：研发转基因小麦。故选 D 项。 答案：D 5．解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“What gives bread much...that contain it.”可知，小麦当中的麸筋虽然使得烤面包卷松软可口，却对 患有乳糜泻的病人有极大的危害，科学家为了解决这个问题，研发转 基因小麦，因此第一段提到面包是为了引起讨论的话题。故选 B 项。 答案：B 6．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“The biggest concern involves the practice of inserting DNA from one species into another...To avoid this genetic crossover...”可知，最让人担心的是基因 交叉(genetic crossover)。故选 A 项。 答案：A 7．解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“...the engineered wheat has a long way to go before it can be turned into anything marketable.” 以 及 “ ‘I don't think it's the end of the story.’ she says.‘This is just a really important step in maybe producing something that is going to be incredibly useful.’”可知，在温迪·哈伍 德看来，转基因小麦要想面世还有很长的路要走，不过，这确实是生 产出非常有用的东西的过程中很重要的一个步骤，这种看法很谨慎但 又很乐观，故选 D 项。 答案：D Ⅱ.七选五 Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced holiday blues.Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways yon can beat the holiday blues.The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1 ．Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season. Don't force cheer At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face.Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict.But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers.The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2 ． Let off sadness The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3 ．We don't like contradictory behaviour. Respond cautiously Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution.When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger (e.g.overcooking the holiday turkey), you pause rather than react at once. 4 ．Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits. 5 Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear.Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences.And don't forget to give yourself break. A．Relax your mind B．Enjoy a mix of emotions C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects F ． A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside 【语篇解读】 休假的日子里往往既有喜乐，也有哀怨，作者就 如何应对这种复杂的情绪变化给出了若干有效的建议。 1．解析：根据设空处前一句“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，我们 不应该逃避糟糕情绪。D 项(相反，它们有助于健康快乐的生活)承上启 下，故选 D 项。 答案：D 2．解析：根据本段小标题 Don't force cheer 可知，本段主旨是不 要假装快乐，再结合本段列举的 2011 年关于公交车司机的调查可推知， 设空处应该是对本段内容的总结：试图强迫自己快乐往往适得其反。 故 E 项符合语境。 答案：E 3．解析：根据本段小标题下的第一句中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”可知，当我 们想控制糟糕情绪的时候，往往会起到相反的作用，也就是说，如果 我们的内心和表面表现得自相矛盾的话，那么我们会感觉很糟糕。G 项中的 contradicts 与设空处后的 contradictory 前后照应，为同义词复 现。故选 G 项。 答案：G 4．解析：根据本段小标题 Respond cautiously 并联系段落语境可 知，本段主要介绍谨慎的好处。根据本段关键词 cautiously 和 caution， 可将答案锁定在 F 项(对负面事件的谨慎的回应能够减轻我们所经历的 痛苦)，F 项与设空处后一句共同阐述了谨慎回应负面事件的好处，符 合语境，故选 F 项。 答案：F 5．解析：本空是段落小标题。根据段落内容可知，假期充满了喜 怒哀乐等复杂的情绪，作者建议要学会接受，学会平衡各种情感。故 B 项符合语境。 答案：B Ⅲ.语法填空 As I tried describing Thanksgiving Day to my inlaws( 姻 亲 )in China, I could already see their eyes cloud over with 1. (confuse) and sense the questions forming in their minds.So I attempted 2. (translate) the holiday through things they were familiar with.I described the roast turkey as something similar 3. Peking duck.I compared the annual Thanksgiving show to the 4. (year) Spring Festival Gala( 春 节 联 欢 晚 会 ) on Chinese New Year's Eve.And I characterized 5. entire celebration as an American version of Winter Solstice (冬至) in China.Yet as much as my inlaws 6. ___ (nod) and smiled, I recognized that even these explanations were poor substitutes.No words could fully describe the Thanksgiving celebrations I had known in the USA. This 7. (be) the kind of disappointment you face in crosscultural communication.Despite all the differences, we can still sit down together and have hearttoheart 8. (discussion)about each other's traditions.So in the spirit of my American holiday, I silently gave a moment of thanks for 9. (have) such great inlaws in China, 10. cared enough to listen to their foreign daughterinlaw talk about Thanksgiving Day. 【语篇解读】 一个美国媳妇用她独特的方式让她的中国姻亲们 了解感恩节的一些情况。虽然有文化差异，但他们仍然能坐在一起真 诚地讨论。 1．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：当我试图向我的中国姻亲们描 述感恩节时，我已经可以看到他们眼中的困惑，并感觉到他们脑海中 浮现的问题。设空处前是介词，其后应接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 故填 confusion。 答案：confusion 2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：因此我试图用他们熟悉的事 物来解释这个节日。attempt 意为“努力；试图”，为及物动词，后常 跟不定式作宾语。故填 to translate。 答案：to translate 3．解析：考查介词。句意为：我将火鸡描述成类似北京烤鸭这样 的食物。(be)similar to sth 为固定搭配，意为“与某物相似”。故填介 词 to。 答案：to 4．解析：考查词性转换。句意为：我将一年一度的感恩节表演比 作中国每年除夕夜的春节联欢晚会。设空处修饰名词短语 Spring Festival Gala，应用形容词。故填 yearly。 答案：yearly 5．解析：考查冠词。句意为：我把整个庆祝活动描述为美国版的 中国冬至日。根据语境及句意可知，此处的庆祝活动特指上文提到的 感恩节庆祝活动，应用定冠词限定。故填 the。 答案：the 6．解析：考查动词的时态。句意为：尽管我的姻亲们点头微笑， 但是我承认这些解释还是无法很好地让他们理解感恩节。分析句意并 结合语境可知，作者描述的是过去的事情，且设空处与空后并列的 smiled 在形式上应保持一致，应用过去式。故填 nodded。 答案：nodded 7．解析：考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意为：在进行跨文化交 际时，你就会面临这种失望。根据语境及句意可知，这是在跨文化交 际中常遇到的问题，是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语 This 为单数概念，故填 is。 答案：is 8．解析：考查名词单复数。句意为：尽管有这些(文化上的)差异， 我们仍然可以坐在一起真诚地讨论彼此的(文化)传统。discussion 意为 “讨论；谈论”，为可数名词。根据语境可知，此处指作者多次与中国 姻亲们谈话，应用复数形式。故填 discussions。 答案：discussions 9．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：因此，本着美国节日的精神， 我对拥有这样好的中国姻亲而默默感恩，他们十分关心地倾听他们的 外国儿媳谈论感恩节。根据设空处前的介词 for 可知，此处应用 have 的动名词形式 having，由此引出作者感激的原因。故填 having。 答案：having 10．解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可 知，逗号后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 such great inlaws， 指人，应用 who 引导该从句。故填 who。 答案：who