虚拟语气高考真题

虚拟语气高考真题

MODULE 5 第三课时 虚拟语气讲解 ‎ 一、语气的分类 语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。‎ ‎　　(1) 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。‎ ‎　　(2) 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。‎ ‎　　(3) 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。‎ 二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 ‎　 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。‎ 真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。‎ 例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. ‎ ‎　 虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。‎ 从句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）‎ 主语+should /would/might/could动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 If+主语+had+过去分词 主语+ should /would/might/could + have ＋过去分词 　　‎ 与将来事实 相反的假设 ①If+主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were）； ‎ ②should＋动词原形；‎ ③were to＋动词原形 主语+ should /would/might/could +动词原形 ‎1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：‎ ‎(1) If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.‎ ‎(2) If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.‎ ‎2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：‎ ‎(3) If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.‎ ‎(4) If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.‎ ‎3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句：‎ ‎(5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.‎ ‎(6) I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.‎ ‎(7) If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.‎ 三、if虚拟条件句型注意点：‎ ‎(1) 错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。‎ If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.‎ If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in trouble.‎ 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，这是应把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。‎ ① If I were you, I would give it up.‎ Were I you, I would give it up.‎ ② If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.‎ Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.‎ ③ If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.‎ Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.‎ ④ If there should be a flood, what should we do?‎ Should there be a flood, what should we do?‎ 现在：过去时（were）‎ 过去：过去完成时 将来：过去将来时，即：would /could /might + V. ‎ 四、虚拟语气特殊句型：‎ ‎1. Wish的 ‎ 宾语从句 ‎(1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）‎ ‎(2) I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）‎ ‎(3) We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）‎ 现在：过去时 过去：过去完成时 将来：过去时 ‎2. Would rather +Clause ‎(1) I would rather you paid me now.‎ ‎(2) I would rather you had gone, too.‎ ‎(3) Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.‎ 现在：过去时 过去：过去完成时 将来：过去将来时 ‎3. as if /though + Clause ‎ ‎(1) She loves the baby as if it were her own son.‎ ‎(2) I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.‎ ‎(3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the ‎U.S.A.‎ ‎◆ 注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生或是事实，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。例如：‎ ‎ It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ 过去时 should +V.‎ ‎4. It’s (about/high) time +that ‎(1) 你该走了 It’s high time that you went.‎ It’s high time that you should go.‎ ‎(2) 我们该去睡了 It’s time that we went to bed.‎ It’s time that we should go to bed. ‎ ‎5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气 常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，四个要求。即: ‎ ①insist ②order, command ③advise, suggest, propose,recommend ④demand , require, request, desire ‎◆ 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词要使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。‎ ‎(1) We suggested that Tom have a rest.‎ ‎(2) He insisted that I (should)be present.‎ ‎(3) The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.‎ ‎(4) They requested that we (should) send them to work there. ‎ ‎【注意】若suggest作“表明，暗示”将时不用虚拟语气；insist表示“坚持认为”讲，也不用虚拟语气。例如：‎ ‎(1) His expression suggested he was angry.‎ ‎(2) He insisted that he had nothing to do with it.‎ ‎◆ 以上动词相应的名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词要使用(should )+ 动词原形。‎ ‎6. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with、without和but for。‎ ‎(1) What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars )‎ ‎(2) But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.(= if I hadn’t got your help)‎ ‎(3) Without your help, I would have failed.(=if it had not been for your help)‎ ‎7. 含蓄条件句 ‎ 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：‎ ‎(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. ‎ ‎(2) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. ‎ ‎(3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.‎ ‎(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.‎ ‎7. If only …要是就好了 ‎ ‎(1) If only I knew his name!‎ ‎(2) If only we had followed your advice!‎ ‎(3) If only I could see him again!‎ ‎8. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形 ‎(1) It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.‎ ‎(2) It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.‎ ‎(3) It’s necessary that we (should) study hard.‎ 六、习题 ‎ ‎1．If he had not missed the train, he______by then. ‎ ‎　 A．might get B．might have got C．got D．had got ‎ ‎2．If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. ‎ ‎　 A．didn't run 　B．shouldn't run　 C．haven't run D．hadn't run ‎ ‎3．If I ______ you，I wouldn't return the call．‎ ‎　 A．be　 B．am 　 C．was　 D．were ‎4． ______ today，he would get there by Friday．‎ ‎　 A．Would he leave　　　　 B．Was he leaving ‎　 C．Were he to leave　　　 D．If he leaves ‎5．Without your help，we ______ so much．‎ ‎　 A．will not achieve　　 　 B．didn't achieve ‎　 C．don't achieve　　 　　 D．would not have achieved ‎ ‎6．If he ______ the storekeeper's scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pair．‎ ‎　 A．would not seen　B．had not seen C．had seen D．has seen ‎7．But for water，it ______ impossible to live in the desert．‎ ‎　 A．is　 B．was　 C．were 　D．wouldn't be ‎8．______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress．‎ ‎　 A．Had；not been　　　　 B．Should；not been ‎　 C．Did；not been　　　　 D．Not；be ‎9．If only I ______ my car！‎ ‎　 A．hadn't lost　 B．would not lose C．didn't lose　　D．haven't lost ‎10．______ I be free tomorrow，I could go with you．‎ ‎　 A．Could　 B．Should　 C．Might　 D．Must ‎11. The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.‎ ‎　　A. should be　 B. would be C. have been 　 D. had been ‎12. _____ the fog, we should have reached our school.‎ ‎　　A. Because of　 B. In spite of C. In case of　 　D. But for ‎13. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.‎ ‎　　A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught　 D. would teach ‎14. I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.‎ ‎　　A. had been　　 B. were C. was　　 D. would be ‎15. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.‎ ‎　　A. go to sleep 　B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed ‎16. Had I known her name, _____‎ ‎　　A. or does she know mine?　　　　 B. and where does she live?‎ ‎　　C. she would be beautiful.　　　　　D. I would have invited her to lunch.‎ ‎17. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.‎ ‎　　A. know 　　 B. knows C.had known 　　 D. knew ‎18. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.‎ ‎　　A. would come 　B. came C. would have come 　 D. will come ‎19. I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.‎ ‎　　A. hadn’t　 B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had　 D. hadn’t have ‎20. Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.‎ ‎　　A. she’s gone　　 B. she’ll go C. she’d gone　 D. she’d go ‎21．The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning．‎ ‎　　A．he will be at the factory　　 B．he be at the factory ‎　　C．he was at the factory　　 　 D．he has been at the factory ‎22．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．‎ ‎　　A．will wait　 B．is going to wait　 C．waits　 D．wait ‎23．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．‎ ‎　　A．not watch　　　　　　　　　B．must not to watch C．not be watching　　　　　　 D．have not watched ‎24．It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time．‎ A．accomplishes　B．can accomplish C．accomplish D．has accomplished ‎25．It is important that he ______ his decision before Friday．‎ ‎　　A．will make　　 B．makes　　 C．make　　 D．must make ‎26．I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．‎ ‎　　A．do　　 B．didn't do　　 C．don't　　 D．didn't ‎27．______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have made any progress．‎ ‎　　A．Had；not been　　　　　　 B．Should；not been ‎　　C．Did；not been　　　　　　　 D．Not；be ‎28．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off till next week．‎ ‎　　A．to put　 B．be put C．should put　 D．be putting ‎29．It was strange that we ______ short of water in the country where it was always raining. ‎ A．are 　　 B．be　　　 C．should be 　　 D．both B and C ‎ ‎30．He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he ______ it off at once. ‎ ‎　　A．must pay　　 B．ought to pay 　　C．paid　　 D．pay ‎ ‎31．Mr. Ford insisted that he ______ right, though the others didn't think so. ‎ ‎　　A．should do　　 B．should have done 　　C．had done　　 D．did ‎ ‎32．His pale face suggested that he ______ the sad news. ‎ ‎　　A．should be told 　　　　 B．should have been told ‎ C．was told 　　　　　　　 D．had been told ‎ ‎33．He suggested that we ______ here at once. ‎ ‎　　A．should leave　 B．must leave　 C．left 　D．ought to leave ‎ ‎34．My order is that everyone ______ their own work in time. ‎ ‎　　A．must complete　 B．completed　　C．completes 　D．complete ‎ ‎35．We've made the decision that we ______ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. ‎ ‎　　A．will gather B．are about to gather C．would gather D．should gather ‎ MODULE 5 第四课时 Cloing and DNA （59）‎ 主备人：张彩虹 检测人：纪冬冬 审核人：刘俊青 Goals: 1. Master the main ideas of the passage.‎ ‎ 2. To remember the phases and language points.‎ I. 【Cloing and DNA】课文短语呈现 ‎1. be identical to 与……完全相同 2. by mistake 错误地 ‎ ‎3. a sequence of 一系列的 4. be beneficial to 对……有益 ‎ ‎5. rely on 依靠；依赖 6. the fundamental components of life 生命的基本成分 ‎ ‎7. an optional treatment 一种可选择的治疗方法 ‎8. under unknown psychological pressure 处于无形的压力之下 ‎9. be contradictory to 与……相反/相互矛盾 ‎10. obtain a supply of stem cells 获得干细胞的供应 ‎11. recover from a disease 从疾病中恢复过来 ‎12. voluntary code of practice 自愿的行为规范 ‎13. restrict the biodiversity 限制生物多样性 ‎14. at a crime scene 在犯罪现场 ‎15. the latest research into DNA 对DNA的最新调查 II. Language points ‎1. Do you think cloning may be beneficial/ helpful to humans?‎ ‎ 你认为克隆有益于人类吗？‎ beneficial/helpful adj. 有益处的；有帮助的 benefit v. 收益； n. 利益；好处 benefit (vi.) from/by 从……中受益 for the benefit of 为了……得利益 be beneficial to =be of benefit to 对……有好处 Eg: (1) The sea air will benefit you. 海上的空气将对你有益。‎ ‎(2) You will benefit from experience. 你一定会从经验中获益。‎ ‎(3) The new credit card will be of great benefit to our customers.‎ 新的信用卡将会给我们的客户带来很多好处。‎ ‎(4) Rain is beneficial to soil.‎ 雨水对土壤有益。‎ ‎2. We could use cloning to cure illness. 我们能用克隆来治病。‎ cure v. 治愈，消除，矫正 n. 治病；治疗法；痊愈 curable adj. 可治愈的 cure sb. (of sth.) 治愈某人（疾病）/改掉某人的恶习 a cure for… ……的一种治疗法 Eg: (1) This medicine will cure you of flu. 这种药会治好你的流感。‎ ‎(2) Nothing cured him of the bad habit. 无论怎样都改不了他的坏习惯。‎ ‎◆ cure, heal 与treat的区别 ‎ cure 指治愈疾病，使人恢复健康；消除痛苦；改掉恶习、弊端、嗜好等。‎ ‎ heal 治好外伤，使伤口愈合。‎ treat 只指治病，并不涉及疗效如何。‎ ‎3. A fourth reason for cloning is that some scientists and farmers think it would be handy to clone, for example, a pize xow which can resist bacteria or disease…‎ resist v. 抵抗；对抗；耐得住 ‎ resistance n. 抵抗；反抗 resist doing 反对做……‎ can’t resist (doing ) sth. 无法抗拒；忍不住做……‎ be resistant to 对…… 有抵抗力 Eg: (1) The boy resisted being carried off. 这个男孩奋力反抗不让别人带他走。‎ ‎(2) Jill could not resist making jokes about his baldness. ‎ 吉尔忍不住拿他的秃顶开玩笑。‎ ‎(3) There has been strong resistance to the new rule.‎ 对于这项新规定，抗拒的阻力一定很强。‎ ‎4. But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.‎ 但是，仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。‎ rely =rely upon =depend on/upon 依靠；依赖 rely on sb. doing /to do 相信/指望某人做……‎ rely on it that 相信/指望（后接从句）‎ reliable adj. 可依靠地；确实地 Eg: (1) We can’t rely on her for help. 我们不能指望她的帮助。‎ ‎(2) I rely on you coming early. 我指望你早点来。‎ ‎(3) You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. ‎ 你放心好了，他会来见你的。‎