2020届二轮复习特训非谓语动词课件共66张PPT课件

2020届二轮复习特训非谓语动词课件共66张PPT课件

I. 动词不定式 （ infinitive） 在句中可 作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语 ，除谓语外可作其他任何成分，动词不定式还可有自己的宾语、状语， 构成不定式短语。 1 . To learn a foreign language is very important now. It is necessary to keep healthy. ( 主语） 常用 it 作形式主语，把真正主语 inf . 放后 2.  My wish is to become a college student . You seem to be ill today . （ 表语） 3.   We want to be useful people .（ 宾语） 1) promise, agree, plan, refuse, hope, wish, expect, dare, want, manage, pretend … 等及物动词后 只能 跟不定式作宾语 2) 也可跟在下面动词后 ： like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, forget, regret 等后 3) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只在极少数介词后才用，如 except, but, He had no choice but to wait. We could do nothing but go on foot. 4）“ 疑问词 ＋不定式”结构可以用作宾语 Please give me some advice on how to learn a foreign language . I was thinking of how to work out the problem. I am teaching how to use infinitive. We don’t know when to have the meeting . 不定式句法功能 —— 宾语 5） think/ consider/ believe/ suppose/ feel/ find/ make 等 +it +adj./n. +to do Eg. We made it a rule to read English every day. 4.   宾语补足语 1) He asked me to help him with English . 常见的 want, wish, ask, order, beg, tell, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, require, permit, call on, wait for,… 2) His joke made us laugh . 不带 to 5 看 3 室 2 厅 1 感觉 如改为被动语态，则须带 “ to” He was seen to run out of the room. 5.   I have something to tell you . ( 定语) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? ( 区别主被动） 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 常见的有： ability, idea, fact, promise, answer, way, reason, attempt. 等 I have no chance to go there. Do you know the way to solve the problem? 3) 用来修饰被序数词，最高级或 all, no, any 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系 She is the last to leave the room. 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 6． 状语 1) 表目的 He came to tell us the good news. You should speak English to improve it . ( 相当于用 in order (not) to so as (not) to 引导的目的状语 . ) He walked quietly in order not to / so as not to wake up the baby. In order to catch up with you, she studies very hard now. ( 不能把 so as to 在句首 ) 2) 表结果 常用 enough to，only to，never to， so + 形容词/副词 + as to, such + 名词 … as to do 引导 。 You are old enough to make a decision . Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. I’m not such a fool as to believe that. 3） 作修饰表语形容词的状语 The room is comfortable to live in. English is difficult to learn . （ 注意语态 ） ( easy, hard, difficult,…) We are afraid to go out. 否定式 not /never + 不定式 She seems not to have solved the problem. He pretended to be sleeping when we came in. They told us not to make any noise . 不定式形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 现在式 完成式 一般式 完成式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 不定式的完成式 表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作 先于主句的谓语动词 发出的动作 。 The novel was said to have been published. I regret not to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported 等动词常用于上面句型。 此外 ， glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed… 后有时也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别 。 I ’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute . 对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等） I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 （说话时已等了很久） 1. Hello, I’m glad _____(see) you . 2. goodbye, I’m glad _____(see) you. 3. When I came in, he pretended _____(read) books. 4. I'm sorry _____(keep) you waiting for a long time. keys: to see; to have seen; to be reading; to have kept 1. You were silly not ____ your car. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 2. I don’t know whether you happen ____,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September . A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard 3. -- Is Bob still performing? -- I'm afraid not. He is said__the stage already as he has become an official . to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 不定式的省略现象 1.不定式在感官动词和使役动词 (5 看 3 室 2 厅 1 感觉 ) 后作宾语补足语时, 不定式省略 to 。     I watched him disappear in the distance . 2.介词 but ,except 后接不定式作宾语时，介词前有行为动词 do , 不定式要省去 to 。 We did nothing but/except wait then.        3 . 不定式符号 to 作表语时的省略 。当主语部分有行为动词 do , 作表语的不定式 to 可省略 。 What I want to do now is find some books to read. 1. A computer does only what thinking people _________.        A. have it do      B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done         2. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no choice but _____ a taxi.  A. to take  B. taking       C. take   D. taken 4. 不定式后动词的省略 动词 love, mean, want, hate, like,   wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及 be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式时，为避免重复，常省略与上文相同的动词，只保留 to 不定式符号 。 Would you love to join us? Yes I’d love to . 1.-- Would you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight?   -- ______. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. I’d love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldn’t D. That’s all right  2.-- Does your brother intend to study German?          -- Yes, he intends ________.    A. /       B. to      C. so    D. that        5. 句式 would have done …, should have done…, ought to have done…, needn’t have done …, used to be … 等省略形式为 would have , should have , ought to have, needn’t have , used to be , 要保留不定式后的 be 或 have 。        --- Are you a sailor ?   --- No, but I used to be (a sailor ) . --- Did you tell him the news? --- No. But I think I should have .     1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I don’t know ___. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do 2. His voice made me _____ terrible. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt 3. My parents told me ____ people when they are in trouble. never laugh at B. not to laugh at don’t laugh at D. not laugh at 4. It’s bad manners ____ rude to people. to be B. are C. be D. to being 5. It’s interesting _____ us to take part in the games. A. of B. to C. for D. at 6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ___ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 7.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D expects 8.Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 9. I would love ___ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 1 . 定语 A barking dog seldom bites. Don’t wake up the sleeping baby. This is the reading room. ( used for…) Don’t go to the sleeping car. The young man singing the song is one of the most popular stars. 放在名词前，表示主动、正在进行或者说明名词用途 a waiting room= a room for waiting a sleeping car= a car for sleeping An operating table= a table for operating 2 ． 主语 Smoking is a bad habit. 也可以用 it 作形式主语， 记住句型： It is no use / no good / no reason/a waste of time doing… It is no use talking with him. 3 ． 宾语 She enjoys singing. 1 ） 只能跟动名词作宾语的常见的动词有 ： 2 ） 有些动词可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作宾语，差别大 : 动名词的主动形式表被动意思。主要有： need need want ( 需要 ) ＋ doing = want to be done require require be worth doing = be worthy to be done of being done it is worthwhile doing / to do sth. Sth. doing 的复合结构： 物主代词（ 或名词的所有格） ＋ doing Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry. Would you mind my / me opening the window? He insisted on his son’s / his son going to college. 感官动词see, watch, notice, feel, find, observe, hear, smell, catch（发现）等。表示正在进行 实意动词get, have, set, leave状态 Eg. I feel my heart beating. I caught him stealing. The smoke set me coughing. His words left me thinking. Don’t have your dog running all the time. 现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行。 不定式做宾补表示全过程。 4 . 宾语补足语 I saw a man walking across the grass. see / watch / notice / hear / find / feel / keep / have / get sb. / sth. doing 5 . doing做状语 形式 意义 doing 与语句中主语构成逻辑上主谓关系，语句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或没有一定的时间性。 having done 语句中主语构成逻辑上主谓关系，先于谓语动词动作发生。 Hearing the news, he burst into tears. Having finished her work, she went home. Be careful when crossing the road. Being monitor, he always thinks of others first. Not knowing how to do the job, he phoned me. The students came, following their teachers. The boy sat there, thinking ( 可转换成相应的状语从句或并列成分 ） III . done 只有一种形式，表 完成的 和 被动的 动作 done 在句中作用 1. 表语 He was surprised . (强调状态) They are gone . You look disappointed . 2. 定语 The road is covered with fallen leaves. The money collected is used to help poor children. She was the only student chosen to take part in the competition.    3. 宾语补足语 He is going to have his bike repaired. You must make yourself understood. have, make, get, keep, want, hear, see, find, feel, watch, … 4. 状语 Seen from the top of the building, our school looks like a garden. When asked why he was absent, he said he was ill. Encouraged by his mother, the boy tried again. Compared with what he used to be, he has made great progress. 1．______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . A．Compare B．When comparing C．Comparing D．When compared 2. ________ in the mountains for a week , the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 3. Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 4. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents . worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it _______ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 现在分词和过去分词的区别： 1. 现在分词表 主动、进行 的意思。 developing 发展中国家 （进行） the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 （进行） an exciting match 一场令人兴奋的比赛（主动 ） a moving speech 感动人的演讲（主动） 过去分词表 被动 的（及物动词）、 完成 的（及物 、不及物动词）意思 developed country 发达国家（完成） the risen sun 升起的太阳 （完成 ） the excited audience 激动的观众 (被动、 被引起激动的) the fallen leaves 落叶（完成 ） 固定搭配 Generally speaking, Judging from, To begin with; To tell you the truth; Compared with / to … ; Lost in thought, … 现在分词， 有一般式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式 doing, having done, being done, having been done 过去分词只有一种形式即过去分词 （ done） 2． 现在分词、过去分词、不定式作宾补的区别： see do I saw her enter the room. hear sb./ sth. doing We heard him singing . watch done They watched the ball notice kicked into the goal …… . do He had the boy say it clearly. have… doing They had their tractors working day and night. . done You’d better have your bad tooth pulled out . to do I can’t get her to tell me get sb./ sth . everything. doing Can you get that old car going again ? done I must get my hair cut . make sb. /sth. do The joke made us all laugh . passive— be made to do We were all made to laugh by the joke. make…done ( make oneself heard/seen/ understood/ known…) Speak English and make yourself understood. I’ll speak loudly to make myself heard. find sb. /sth. doing They find the fire burning . done He found his bike stolen . ( A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ) 3. 分词短语作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 。 Walking in the park , we saw a little girl crying. Hearing the news , she couldn’t help laughing. (Hearing the news, tears came down her checks × ) Seen from the top , our school looks like a garden. 1. The man insisted________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 高考点击 3. I really can't stand ______ her like that. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost Difficult points 1.  有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语 want, wish, hope, agree, promise, decide, manage, pretend, refuse… 2.    有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语 3.   有些动词可以跟不定式，也可以跟动名 词作宾语，差别不大 。 love, like, begin , start, continue… 4. 有些动词可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作宾语，差别大 : 1) remember / forget+ doing ( 动作发生在谓语动作前 ) to do （ 动作在谓语动作后 ） I remember locking the door. He forgot / didn’t remember to take his car key, so his car was stolen. 2) regret + doing ( 动作已在谓语动作之前发生 ) to do ( 动作在谓语动作之后发生 ) I regret having wasted so much time. I regret to tell you that you didn’t pass the exam. 3) try + doing ( 试做 ) ( make an experiment) to do ( 设法去做 ) ( make an attempt to do) He tried opening the back door. You must try to be more careful next time. 4) mean + doing ( 意味着 ) （ 主语一般是物 ） to do( 企图，打算去做)(主语一般是人 ） Missing the bus means waiting for another twenty minutes. Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt your feelings. 5) stop + doing Please stopped talking. do They stopped to talk . 6) go on + doing She went on washing the clothes. to do She went on to wash the clothes after she cleaned the room. 5． 动名词的复合结构： 物主代词（ 或名词的所有格） ＋ 动名词 Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry. Would you mind my / me opening the window? He insisted on his son’s / his son going to college. 名称 语 法 功 能 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定 式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名 词 √ √ √ √ 现在 分词 √ √ √ √ 过去 分词 √ √ √ √ – Can you spare me some time? –I'm afraid not. I have lots of letters _____. doing with B. to do for C. to deal D. to deal with I can't understand _____ at that poor child. you to laugh B. you laughing C. you laugh D. why laugh Don’t use words, expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. being known B. having known C. to be known D. known _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed The discovery of new evidence led to _____. the thief having caught catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught Generally speaking, when _____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. taking B. taken C. to take D. to be taken ______ more attention,the trees could have grown better. A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _____. A. that, to be improved B. which, to be improved C. where, improving D. when, improving The day we looked forward to ______ . A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded She set out soon after dark,____home an hour later. A ． arriving B ． to arrive C ． having arrived D ． and arrived The students expected there______ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A ． is B ． being C ． have been D ． to be _____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put He is rather difficult to make friends with , but the friendship of his , _____ , is truer than any other . A . once gained B . when to gain C . after gained  D . while gaining The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. having been written B. to be written C. being written D. written The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here. having added B. to add C. adding D. added The bell _____ the end of the class rang, _____ our heated discussion. indicating, interrupting B. indicated, interrupting C. indicating, interrupted D. indicated, interrupted The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and let her off. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing The old man, _________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked –You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. –Well, now I regret _____ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done Is this the watch you wish _____? to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired This is the problem _____ at the next meeting. to discuss B. to be discussed C. discussed D. being discussed _____ many times, but he still couldn't understand it. Having been told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having told With many troublesome problems, such as unemployment and crime _______, the mayor seems to be at a loss. A. remained to solve B. remaining to be solved C. remained to be solved D. remaining to solve Professor Smith is said _____ another important discovery in chemistry. having made B. making C. to have made D. to make They used what they had _____ for their daughter. to buy a new dress B. buying a new clothes C. bought a new suit D. buy a new clothing The little girl came, _____ a cake with two _____ candles on it. A. bringing; lit B. carrying; lighted C. brought; lit D. brought; lighted Technology has made the delivery of information less difficult, thus _____ information available to more people. to make B. made C. making D. to have made His poor _____ English prevented him _____. spoken; from understanding B. spoken; from being understood C. speaking; from understanding D. speaking; from being understood –Who are those people with the banners ( 标语)? – A group _____ itself the league for peace. A. calling B. call C. called D. is called You were silly not_____your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked When he came back, he found the bag he had ______ over the seat was gone. left to hand B. left hanging C. left hung D. to leave hanging 2. with 的复合结构 with + 名词 + doing to do done … 1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 2．________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. A．Having given up hope of cure B．With no hope for cure C．There being hope for cure D．In the hope of cure With a lot of difficult problems_____, the manager felt worried all the time. A.to settle B. settling C. being settled D. settled Everything____ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking There_____ no classes yesterday, we had a rest. was B. being C. were D. had been It ____ Sunday, we had a rest at home. A. was B. being C. were D. had been