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【英语】2018届二轮复习介词学案(7页)
2018届 二轮复习 介词 介词的数量在整个词汇中所占比分是极少的,但是介词的灵活用法,数不清的各种搭配,是最令抓狂的……小编把主要介词的用法和介词短语的辨析都汇总在下面的表格里啦~ 走起! 介词不能独立在句中做成分,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别 表示的概念 介词(短语) 区 别 例 子 时间 at in on at在一个时间点上; in在一段的时间之内; on在具体日子。 ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday, on a warm morning since from Since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用; from指从时间的某一点开始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in指在一段时间之后,也可以指一段时间之内=within; after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。 ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to fall. ③What shall we do after graduation? in the end at the end of by the end of in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。 ①In the end, they reached a place of safety. ②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. ③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. ④By the end of last month he had finished the novel. 位置 between among 一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。 ①You are to sit between your father and me. ②He is always happy among his classmates. 注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between。 ①Agreements were made between the different countries. ②The little valley lies between high mountains. ③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. in on in表示在某范围内; on指与什么毗邻; ①Changchun is in the northeast of China. to to指在某环境范围之外。 ②Mongolia is on the north of China. ③Japan is to the east of China. on in on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。 ①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the newspaper. ③ He dug a hole in the wall. in into in通常表示位置(静态); into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。 ①We walked in the park. ②We walked into the park. through across through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。 ①Water flows through the pipe. ②The old man walked across the street. in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。 ①The lamp stands in the corner of the room. ②I met with him at the street corner. ③He sat on the corner of the table. 除了 besides except but except for besides指“除了……还有,再加上”;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for也表示“除…以外”,指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正. ①All went out besides me. ②All went out except me. ③I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper. ④His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 表示的概念 构成 例 子 动作 (表进行概念、表被动的关系) at+名词 at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战 at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest在休息 school在上学 at press正在排印 at church在做礼拜 beyond+名词 beyond belief难以置信 beyond control不听管教。 beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容 beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑 in+名词 或in +名词+of+名词 in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转 in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight看得见 in store贮藏着 in course of construction正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair维修良好的 in course of shipment. 正在运输途中。 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有 on+名词 on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假 on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。 on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工 on sale出售 on loan借贷 on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开 on the march在行军 on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧。 on trial在试用 on show/display/ exhibition在展出 under+名词 under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论 under development在发展中 under observation在观察中 under test在被测试 under construction在建设中 under fire在炮火中 under examination在检查/调查中 under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中 under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击 under medical treatment在治疗中 under study在研究中 其他 against one’s opinion反对某人的见解 for one’s opinion同意某人的见解 above reproach无可指责,无可非议 above suspicion不受怀疑 above criticism无可指责 at the mercy of在……支配下;任由……摆布 for sale供出售 for rent供出租 within sight看得见 2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别 常见形容词 搭配 意义 absent (be) absent from 缺席 (be) absent in 不在这里而在…… afraid (be) afraid of 担心…… (be) afraid for 为……而担心 angry (be) angry with sb. 对某人生气 (be) angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气 anxious (be) anxious for sth 急于想得到 (be) anxious about sth./sb. 对某事/某人担心 different (be) different from 与……不同 (be) different to 不关心 familiar (be) familiar with 精通,熟悉 (be) familiar to 为……熟知(悉) good (be) good at 擅长于 (be) good for 对……有益 (be) good to 对……友好/态度好 popular (be) popular with sb. 受……欢迎 (be) popular for 因……而流行 strict (be) strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 (be) strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组 类 型 举 例 差一冠词,大相径庭 in front of(在……前面)——in the front of(在……前部) in charge of(负责)——in the charge of(由……负责) out of question(毫无疑问)——out of the question(不可能) at table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at the table(在桌子旁边) 有无介词,意义不同 know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击 search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人 believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格 benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处 画蛇添足,误加介词 serve the people为人民服务(容易在serve后加for) enter the room进入房间(容易在enter后加into) follow me跟在我后面(容易在follow后加behind) marry sb.与某人结婚(容易在marry后加with) go abroad出国(容易在go后面加to) live upstairs住在楼上(容易在live后面加 in) 母语思维,误用介词 be caught in the rain被雨淋着(不用by) leave for some place动身去某地(不用to) set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for) in the direction朝着……方向(不用to) do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙(不用to) different from和……不同(不用with) with the help of在……的帮助下(不用under) steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西(不用of) read sth. to sb.给(为)……读(念)……(不用for)查看更多