2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第3讲课件

2020届二轮英语特优复习专题一阅读第3讲课件

专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 第一板块　阅读 专题一　阅读理解 第 3 讲　词义猜测题 栏 目 导 航 02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破 (2019 全国卷 Ⅰ ， B) For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue, N . Y. ， today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8 － year － old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he's nervous. “ I'm here to tell you today why you should … should …” Chris trips on the “ － ld ” ， a pronunciation difficulty for many non － native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles ,Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to an ice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. 02 高 考 例 析 A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls( 回想起 )how at the beginning of the year ， when called upon to read ， Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “ It takes a lot for any student ， ” Whaley explains, “ especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘ I don't know, but I want to know. ’” Whaley got the idea of this second － grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast( 夸耀 )about themselves. “ Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities ， ” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” ( 　　 )1.What made Chris nervous? A ． Telling a story. B ． Making a speech. C ． Taking a test. D ． Answering a question. ( 　　 )2. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A ． Improper pauses. B ． Bad manners. C ． Spelling mistakes. D ． Silly jokes. ( 　　 )3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to ________. A ． help students see their own strengths B ． assess students' public speaking skills C ． prepare students for their future jobs D ． inspire students' love for politics ( 　　 )4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A ． Humorous. B ． Ambitious. C ． Caring. D ． Demanding. 【 语篇解读 】 本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了 Canaan Elementary 二年级老师 Thomas Whaley 发起的一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． B 　细节理解题。文章在讲 Chris 做演讲，根据文章大意容易得到正确答案。 2 ． A 　词义猜测题。猜测词义题需要结合上下文，揣摩词义，此处 stumbles 说的是 Chris 的演讲，根据第二段中的相关表达： “ I'm here to tell you today why you should … should …” Chris trips on the “ － ld ” ，很明显他在做不应该的停顿，故答案是 A 。 3 ． A 　推理判断题。此题的答案选项是同义转换，文章中在倒数第二段最后一句的相关表达是 “ He wants these kids to learn to boast( 夸耀 )about themselves ” 。 4 ． C 　推理判断题。根据整篇文章内容可以看出老师 Whaley 对学生充满关爱和鼓励，所以答案是 C 。 (2018 全国卷 Ⅰ ， C) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter － gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 联系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation , the development of the nation － state and the spread of universal compulsory education ， especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number ( 中位数 ) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick , at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150) ． Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question － mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. ( 　　 )1.What can we infer about languages in hunter － gatherer times? A ． They developed very fast. B ． They were large in number. C ． They had similar patterns. D ． They were closely connected. ( 　　 )2. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2? A ． Complex. B ． Advanced. C ． Powerful. D ． Modern. ( 　　 )3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A ． About 6,800. B ． About 3,400. C ． About 2,400. D ． About 1,200. ( 　　 )4.What is the main idea of the text? A ． New languages will be created. B ． People's lifestyles are reflected in languages. C ． Human development results in fewer languages. D ． Geography determines language evolution. 【 语篇解读 】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． B 　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 “ When the world was still populated by hunter － gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 联系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other … when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. ” 可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了 12000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选 B 。 2 ． C 　词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的 “ dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over” 可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知， dominant languages 意为 “ 强有力的语言 ” 。故选 C 。 3 ． B 　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 “ At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.” 和 “ The median number ( 中位数 ) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that. ” 可知，目前世界上大约有 6800 种语言，但是讲的人数少于 6000 人的占一半，即 3400 。故选 B 。 4 ． C 　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 “ Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.” 可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但近代以来语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C 。 (2017 全国卷 Ⅱ ， D) When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly.Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It's a plant's way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive, the tables are turned .The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged, but it wasn't a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate( 亲密的 ) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on. ( 　　 )1.What does a plant do when it is under attack? A ． It makes noises. B ． It gets help from other plants. C ． It stands quietly. D ． It sends out certain chemicals. ( 　　 )2. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3? A ． The attackers get attacked. B ． The insects gather under the table. C ． The plants get ready to fight back. D ． The perfumes attract natural enemies. ( 　　 )3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can________. A ． predict natural disasters B ． protect themselves against insects C ． talk to one another intentionally D ． help their neighbors when necessary ( 　　 )4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A ． The world is changing faster than ever. B ． People have stronger senses than before. C ． The world is more complex than it seems. D ． People in Darwin's time were more imaginative. 【 语篇解读 】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出 VOCs ( 即挥发性有机化合物 ) ，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。 【 思路点拨 】 1 ． D 　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “ reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm” 可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质，故选 D 项。 2 ． A 　词义猜测题。解答本题，需要根据本段大意和划线后面的内容 “ The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.” 进行推理分析。由 table 及 “ who was lunching now becomes lunch” 可知，攻击者被抓住了，并成了别人的午餐对象。因此应该选 A 。 3 ． B 　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.” 及第三段中的 “ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away …” 可知答案选 B 。 4 ． C 　推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “ … imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate( 亲密的 ) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There's a whole lot going on. ” 可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂，故选 C 项。 03 追 踪 练 习 (2019 全国卷 Ⅲ ， B) For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “ It's no secret that China has always been a source( 来源 ) of inspiration for designers ， ” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A ＋ E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion( 时尚 ) shows. Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China － inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics( 美学 ) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. “ China is impossible to overlook ， ” says Hill. “ Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. ” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “ Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz , Marc Jacobs — and beating them hands down in design and sales ， ” adds Hill. For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “ The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers ， ” she says. “ China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China — its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways. ” ( 　　 )1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A ． It promoted the sales of artworks. B ． It attracted a large number of visitors. C ． It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D ． It aimed to introduce Chinese models. ( 　　 )2.What does Hill say about Chinese women? A ． They are setting the fashion. B ． They start many fashion campaigns. C ． They admire super models. D ． They do business all over the world. ( 　　 )3. What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean? A ． learning from B ． looking down on C ． working with D ． competing against ( 　　 )4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A ． Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B ． A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C ． Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D ． Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 【 语篇解读 】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国文化对西方服装设计的影响。 1 ． B 　推理判断题。由关键词 “ the exhibition in New York ” 可定位到第三段，由 “ The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. ” 可知，此次展览吸引了很多人来参观，故选 B 。 2 ． A 　细节理解题。根据 Hill 说的话，定位文章第四段第二句可知中国女人不只是时尚的消费者，同时也在引领时尚的潮流。因此选 A 。 3 ． D 　词义猜测题。由词句句意可知，中国设计师与欧美设计师形成竞争的关系， D 选项符合语境。短语 beat sb hands down 意为 “ 轻而易举地击败某人 ” 。 4 ． D 　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感来源，在时尚界已经引领世界潮流， D 选项符合。 04 课 后 作 业 谢 谢 观 看